24 results on '"Ingvander, Susanne"'
Search Results
2. Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts
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Bokhorst, Stef, Pedersen, Stine Højlund, Brucker, Ludovic, Anisimov, Oleg, Bjerke, Jarle W., Brown, Ross D., Ehrich, Dorothee, Essery, Richard L. H., Heilig, Achim, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Cecilia, Johansson, Margareta, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Inga, Niila, Luojus, Kari, Macelloni, Giovanni, Mariash, Heather, McLennan, Donald, Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis, Sato, Atsushi, Savela, Hannele, Schneebeli, Martin, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokratov, Sergey A., Terzago, Silvia, Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun, Williamson, Scott, Qiu, Yubao, and Callaghan, Terry V.
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- 2016
3. Particle Size Sampling and Object-Oriented Image Analysis for Field Investigations of Snow Particle Size, Shape, and Distribution
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Ingvander, Susanne, Brown, Ian A., Jansson, Peter, Holmlund, Per, Johansson, Cecilia, and Rosqvist, Gunhild
- Published
- 2013
4. Open Data from Copernicus : Opportunities for climate change adaption
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Klein, Thomas, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Anna Maria, Boberg, Göran, and Lovén, Björn
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marine environment ,terrestrial environment ,klimatanpassning ,Climate Research ,atmospheric environment ,ESA ,marin miljö ,Klimatforskning ,European Earth Observation Program Copernicus ,markmiljö ,satellites ,miljödata ,satelliter ,atmosfär ,EU ,Copernicus - Abstract
Det europeiska jordobservationsprogrammet Copernicus är ett världsledande användarstyrt program för insamling och spridning av data om jordens miljö, klimat och säkerhet (Copernicus 2017a). Insamlingen av data sker till stor del med hjälp av satelliter. Data bearbetas och tillhandahålls öppet och fritt och presenteras även i form av användaranpassade tjänster. Copernicus har idag sex tematiska tjänster som tillgodoser data- och informationsbehov inom områdena klimat, hav, land och sötvatten, atmosfär, katastrofhantering och säkerhet. Tjänsterna kan anpassas efter lokala och regionala behov. Ett viktigt användningsområde för data från Copernicus är klimatanpassning. Programmets långsiktighet är en förutsättning för att kunna följa och analysera miljöns förändring över tid på ett tillförlitligt sätt och för att kunna ta fram underlag för välgrundade beslut. För att skapa samhällsnyttor krävs att programmets data och tjänster används i bred utsträckning av många användargrupper utifrån deras behov. Denna rapport hjälper användare inom klimatanpassning att upptäcka Copernicus och ger några konkreta exempel på hur programmet kan stödja just det svenska klimatanpassningsarbetet. Sverige täcks flera gånger i veckan av satelliter som mäter tillståndet i haven, på land och i atmosfären. De europeiska rymdorganisationerna ESA och Eumetsat har EU-kommissionens uppdrag att samla in, lagra och tillhandahålla satellitdata från Copernicus till grund för bred användning, forskning och datadriven innovation. All data över svenskt territorium länkas automatiskt över från ESA till det svenska satellitverktyget Swea (Rymdstyrelsen 2017). Swea har både ett webbgränssnitt och en portal med öppet applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (API). Det är möjligt att utan kostnad söka, titta på och ladda hem data från Sentinelsatelliterna (Sentinel 1– 3) och även de amerikanska Landsat-satelliterna. Data i Swea är geokorrigerade efter svenska referenssystem, höjddatamodeller och kartprojektioner vilket gör det lätt för svenska användare att behandla satellitbilderna i olika Gis-verktyg och bildbehandlingsprogram. EU-kommissionen förbereder också en egen central datainfrastruktur - Copernicus Data and Information Access Services (DIAS). DIAS ska säkerställa snabb och säker tillgång till data och kommer även att erbjuda beräkningskapacitet för att bearbeta stora datamängder. Satellitbilder från Copernicus ger heltäckande och kontinuerlig information om tillstånd i miljön, infrastruktur och urbana områden. Detta gör det möjligt att detektera och följa långsiktiga trender såsom förändringar av vegetationen eller vattenmiljöer. Exempel på detta är skogsbranden i Västmanland 2014 då MSB tog hjälp av Copernicus tjänst för katastrofhantering för att få skräddarsydda lägesbilder och tolkningsunderlag över brandområdet. Ett annat exempel är torka där satellitbilder visar förändringar i växtligheten men även på områden som torrlagts som en följd av lågt vattenstånd. Det går även att få information om vattnets temperatur, algblomningar, klorofyll, suspenderat material och humusämnen vilket stödjer bedömningar av vattenkvaliteten. Projektet Nationella Marktäckedata (NMD) syftar till att skapa och förvalta information om landskapet och hur det förändras över tid (Naturvårdsverket 2017a). Data från detta projekt ska vara rikstäckande, uppdateras var femte år och vara jämförbar över tid. NMD kommer att användas som underlag för klimatanpassningsarbetet inom olika samhällssektorer i frågor som rör till exempel skyddad natur, urbana miljöer och brandrisker i skog och mark. Data och information av intresse för klimatanpassning tillhandahålls av flera tematiska tjänster inom Copernicus. Copernicus landtjänst tillhandahåller bland annat marktäckedata på europanivå samt högupplösta data för permanenta vattenförekomster, våtmarker, skog och hårdgjorda ytor. Data från Copernicus marina tjänst stödjer säkerheten för sjöfart, observation av kust- och havsmiljö, havsplanering, förvaltning av marina resurser samt väderprognoser, säsongsprognoser och klimatobservationer. Copernicus atmosfärstjänst erbjuder till exempel regelbundna beräkningar av atmosfärisk sammansättning, luftkvalitet och pollenhalter. Kombinationen av värmeböljor och dålig luftkvalitet kan orsaka stora problem i samhället, framförallt i urbana miljöer. Copernicus tjänst för katastrofhantering använder satellitbilder som huvuddatakälla och har världsomfattande täckning. I Sverige görs aktiveringen av tjänsten vid krisläge av MSB. Tjänsten för katastrofhantering är ett viktigt stöd för klimatanpassningen och har nyttjats av Sverige i samband med stormar, bränder och översvämningar. Copernicus klimattjänst använder miljö- och klimatövervakning från satellit och andra mätinstrument tillsammans med modeller av jordens atmosfär, hav, land, sötvatten och isar. Klimattjänsten kommer att stödja arbetet med minskad klimatpåverkan och speciellt klimatanpassning inom ett antal sektorer, däribland vattenförvaltning, planering för kustområden, jord- och skogsbruk, transport, energi, hälsa, naturmiljö och ekosystem, infrastruktur, riskminskning och katastrofer. EU:s jordobservationsprogram Copernicus erbjuder alltså en snabbt växande mängd data som kan stödja arbetet med klimatanpassning på olika sätt inom många områden. Rapporten förmedlar en kort och lättförståelig översikt över Copernicus och illustrerar användningen av programmet inom klimatanpassning med några enkla exempel. Mängden av data från Copernicus för klimatanpassningen kommer att öka och åtkomsten av data från Copernicus kommer samtidigt att förenklas. Detta kommer att förbättra förutsättningarna för användningen av Copernicus inom klimatanpassningen ytterligare. För att nå en ökad användning behövs dock även kunskapshöjande insatser, liksom kommunikationsåtgärder med goda exempel i linje med de behov och utmaningar som användare inom klimatanpassning möter. Det behövs även kompetensutveckling så att dagens användare, från myndigheter till forskning och näringsliv, kan dra nytta av Copernicus data och tjänster på ett enkelt sätt. The European Earth Observation initiative Copernicus is a world-leading userdriven programme for the collection and dissemination of data on the Earth's environment, climate and security (Copernicus 2017). Data collection is largely carried out using satellites. Copernicus data are processed and provided freely and openly. This data policy also includes data delivered in the form of useradapted services. Copernicus currently has six thematic services that meet data and information needs in the areas of climate, marine, land and freshwater, atmosphere, emergency management and security. The services can be adapted to local and regional needs. One important area of use of Copernicus data is climate change adaptation. Copernicus has a long-term planning horizon. This is a prerequisite for the reliable detection and assessment of environmental changes, which then can underpin informed decisions. In order to create societal benefits, the programme's data and services need to be widely used. This report helps users in the field of climate change adaptation discover Copernicus and provides some concrete examples of how the programme can support Swedish work on climate change adaptation. Sweden is covered several times a week by satellites that observe the marine, terrestrial and atmospheric environment. The European space organizations ESA and EUMETSAT have the mandate of the European Commission to collect, store and provide satellite data from Copernicus as a basis for a wide range of applications, research and data-driven innovation. All data on Swedish territory are transferred automatically from ESA to the Swedish platform Swea, run by the Swedish National Space Board (Swedish National Space Board 2017). Swea is a satellite data portal containing a web interface and an open application programming interface (API). It is possible to search for and download data from Sentinel satellites (Sentinel 1-3) and the US Landsat satellites free of charge. Data in Swea are geo-corrected according to Swedish reference systems, elevation models and map projections, facilitating use and processing of satellite images in various geographic information systems and image processing programs applied by Swedish users. The European Commission is also preparing its own central data infrastructure – Copernicus Data and Information Access Services (DIAS). DIAS will ensure fast and secure access to data as well as access to computational capacity to process large amounts of data. Satellite images from Copernicus provide comprehensive and continuous information about the state of the environment, infrastructure and urban areas. This makes it possible to detect and follow long-term trends and changes in terrestrial or aquatic environments. An example of this is the large forest fire in Västmanland in 2014 when the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) took advantage of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service to get tailormade scenarios and interpretations on the fire area. Another example is drought where satellite images can identify changes in vegetation, but also in areas that dry out due to changes in water levels. Copernicus also provides information about water properties such as temperature, algal blooms, chlorophyll, suspended matter and humus which can support the assessment of water quality. The national land cover data project (NMD) coordinated by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Swedish EPA) aims at creating and managing information about the landscape and how it changes (Swedish EPA 2017a). Data from this project will be nationwide, updated every five years and hence be comparable. NMD will support climate change adaptation in various societal sectors on issues such as nature protection and conservation, urban environments and fire risks. Several Copernicus thematic services provide data and information of relevance to climate change adaptation. The Copernicus Land Monitoring Service hosts, among other, data on European land cover as well as high-resolution data on permanent water bodies, wetlands, forests and impervious surfaces. Main application areas for the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service are maritime safety, observation of coastal and marine environments, planning support, marine resources and support to weather prediction, seasonal forecasts and climate observations. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service offers daily and delayed-mode computations of atmospheric composition, air quality and atmospheric pollen contents. The combination of heat waves and poor air quality can cause major health problems, especially in urban environments. The Copernicus Emergency Management Service uses satellite images as its main data source and has worldwide coverage. In the event of a crisis, MSB can activate the service. The Emergency Management Service is an important tool for climate change adaptation and has been used by Sweden in response to storms, fires and floods. The Copernicus Climate Change Service uses environment and climate observations from satellite and in-situ measurements combined with models of the Earth's atmosphere, sea, land, freshwater and ice. The Copernicus Climate Change Service will support work on climate change mitigation and in particular climate change adaptation in many sectors, including water management, coastal planning, agriculture and forestry, transport, energy, health, nature and ecosystems, infrastructure, risk reduction and disasters. The EU Earth Observation programme Copernicus thus offers a rapidly expanding amount of data that can support climate change adaptation in many ways and in many areas. This report provides a brief and easy-to-understand overview of Copernicus and illustrates the use of Copernicus in climate change adaptation by some simple examples. The amount of Copernicus data in support of climate change adaptation will increase further. At the same time, access to and handling of Copernicus data will improve. This will in turn improve the opportunities for the use of Copernicus in climate change adaptation. However, in order to achieve a more widespread use of Copernicus data there is a need for complementary efforts on knowledge building, communication and good examples that focus on the specific needs and challenges encountered by climate change adaptation users. There is also a need for skills development so that today's users, from government to research and business, easily can benefit from Copernicus data and services.
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- 2017
5. Öppna data från Copernicus : Möjligheter för klimatanpassningen
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Klein, Thomas, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Anna Maria, Boberg, Göran, Lovén, Björn, Klein, Thomas, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Anna Maria, Boberg, Göran, and Lovén, Björn
- Abstract
Det europeiska jordobservationsprogrammet Copernicus är ett världsledande användarstyrt program för insamling och spridning av data om jordens miljö, klimat och säkerhet (Copernicus 2017a). Insamlingen av data sker till stor del med hjälp av satelliter. Data bearbetas och tillhandahålls öppet och fritt och presenteras även i form av användaranpassade tjänster. Copernicus har idag sex tematiska tjänster som tillgodoser data- och informationsbehov inom områdena klimat, hav, land och sötvatten, atmosfär, katastrofhantering och säkerhet. Tjänsterna kan anpassas efter lokala och regionala behov. Ett viktigt användningsområde för data från Copernicus är klimatanpassning. Programmets långsiktighet är en förutsättning för att kunna följa och analysera miljöns förändring över tid på ett tillförlitligt sätt och för att kunna ta fram underlag för välgrundade beslut. För att skapa samhällsnyttor krävs att programmets data och tjänster används i bred utsträckning av många användargrupper utifrån deras behov. Denna rapport hjälper användare inom klimatanpassning att upptäcka Copernicus och ger några konkreta exempel på hur programmet kan stödja just det svenska klimatanpassningsarbetet. Sverige täcks flera gånger i veckan av satelliter som mäter tillståndet i haven, på land och i atmosfären. De europeiska rymdorganisationerna ESA och Eumetsat har EU-kommissionens uppdrag att samla in, lagra och tillhandahålla satellitdata från Copernicus till grund för bred användning, forskning och datadriven innovation. All data över svenskt territorium länkas automatiskt över från ESA till det svenska satellitverktyget Swea (Rymdstyrelsen 2017). Swea har både ett webbgränssnitt och en portal med öppet applikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (API). Det är möjligt att utan kostnad söka, titta på och ladda hem data från Sentinelsatelliterna (Sentinel 1– 3) och även de amerikanska Landsat-satelliterna. Data i Swea är geokorrigerade efter svenska referenssystem, höjddatamodeller och kartprojektione, The European Earth Observation initiative Copernicus is a world-leading userdriven programme for the collection and dissemination of data on the Earth's environment, climate and security (Copernicus 2017). Data collection is largely carried out using satellites. Copernicus data are processed and provided freely and openly. This data policy also includes data delivered in the form of useradapted services. Copernicus currently has six thematic services that meet data and information needs in the areas of climate, marine, land and freshwater, atmosphere, emergency management and security. The services can be adapted to local and regional needs. One important area of use of Copernicus data is climate change adaptation. Copernicus has a long-term planning horizon. This is a prerequisite for the reliable detection and assessment of environmental changes, which then can underpin informed decisions. In order to create societal benefits, the programme's data and services need to be widely used. This report helps users in the field of climate change adaptation discover Copernicus and provides some concrete examples of how the programme can support Swedish work on climate change adaptation. Sweden is covered several times a week by satellites that observe the marine, terrestrial and atmospheric environment. The European space organizations ESA and EUMETSAT have the mandate of the European Commission to collect, store and provide satellite data from Copernicus as a basis for a wide range of applications, research and data-driven innovation. All data on Swedish territory are transferred automatically from ESA to the Swedish platform Swea, run by the Swedish National Space Board (Swedish National Space Board 2017). Swea is a satellite data portal containing a web interface and an open application programming interface (API). It is possible to search for and download data from Sentinel satellites (Sentinel 1-3) and the US Landsat satellites free of charge. Data in Swea are geo-cor
- Published
- 2017
6. Snow particle sizes and their distributions in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, at sample, local and regional scales
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Ingvander, Susanne, Jansson, Peter, Brown, Ian A., Fujita, Shuji, Sugyama, Shin, Surdyk, Sylviane, Enomoto, Hiroyuki, Hansson, Margareta, Holmlund, Per, Ingvander, Susanne, Jansson, Peter, Brown, Ian A., Fujita, Shuji, Sugyama, Shin, Surdyk, Sylviane, Enomoto, Hiroyuki, Hansson, Margareta, and Holmlund, Per
- Abstract
In this study, snow particle size variability was investigated along a transect in Dronning Maud Land from the coast to the polar plateau. The aim of the study was to better understand the spatial and temporal variations in surface snow properties. Samples were collected twice daily during a traverse in 2007-08 to capture regional variability. Local variability was assessed by sampling in 10 x 10m grids (5m spacing) at selected locations. The particle size and shape distributions for each site were analysed through digital image analysis. Snow particle size variability is complex at different scales, and shows an internal variability of 0.18-3.31 mm depending on the sample type (surface, grid or pit). Relationships were verified between particle size and both elevation and distance to the coast (moisture source). Regional seasonal changes were also identified, particularly on the lower elevations of the polar plateau. This dataset may be used to quantitatively analyse the optical properties of surface snow for remote sensing. The details of the spatial and temporal variations observed in our data provide a basis for further studies of the complex and coupled processes affecting snow particle size and the interpretation of remote sensing of snow covered areas.
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- 2016
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7. Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts
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Palaeo-ecologie, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Bokhorst, Stef, Pedersen, Stine Højlund, Brucker, Ludovic, Anisimov, Oleg, Bjerke, Jarle W., Brown, Ross D., Ehrich, Dorothee, Essery, Richard L. H., Heilig, Achim, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Cecilia, Johansson, Margareta, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Inga, Niila, Luojus, Kari, Macelloni, Giovanni, Mariash, Heather, Mclennan, Donald, Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis, Sato, Atsushi, Savela, Hannele, Schneebeli, Martin, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokratov, Sergey A., Terzago, Silvia, Vikhamar-schuler, Dagrun, Williamson, Scott, Qiu, Yubao, Callaghan, Terry V., Palaeo-ecologie, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Bokhorst, Stef, Pedersen, Stine Højlund, Brucker, Ludovic, Anisimov, Oleg, Bjerke, Jarle W., Brown, Ross D., Ehrich, Dorothee, Essery, Richard L. H., Heilig, Achim, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Cecilia, Johansson, Margareta, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Inga, Niila, Luojus, Kari, Macelloni, Giovanni, Mariash, Heather, Mclennan, Donald, Rosqvist, Gunhild Ninis, Sato, Atsushi, Savela, Hannele, Schneebeli, Martin, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokratov, Sergey A., Terzago, Silvia, Vikhamar-schuler, Dagrun, Williamson, Scott, Qiu, Yubao, and Callaghan, Terry V.
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- 2016
8. Snow particle sizes and their distributions in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, at sample, local and regional scales
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Ingvander, Susanne, primary, Jansson, Peter, additional, Brown, Ian A., additional, Fujita, Shuji, additional, Sugyama, Shin, additional, Surdyk, Sylviane, additional, Enomoto, Hiroyuki, additional, Hansson, Margareta, additional, and Holmlund, Per, additional
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- 2016
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9. A model for the snow water equivalent derived from stratigraphy observations in northern Sweden
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Johansson, Cecilia, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Cecilia, and Ingvander, Susanne
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A new parameterization of snow water equivalent (SWE) based on snow depth (HS)has been developed from observations made in northern Sweden. When applyingprevious SWE parameterization from the Alps on observations from northern Sweden,the SWE values are systematically 20% lower. The new SWE parameterization isderived from a snow layer density regression model using snow layer hardness andsnow particle size. The model was evaluated with a detailed field reference dataset,and then applied to the long term Abisko Scientific Research Station stratigraphicsnowpack dataset. The model enables a regional adjustment of snow layer densityvalues for northern Swedish conditions. The snow layer density model provides anaccurate estimation of snow bulk density used to derive the SWE parameterizationbased solely on HS. Snow depth observations are regularly made on a daily basis; byapplying our new parameterization, daily values of SWE can be obtained for northernScandinavian conditions, which e.g. can be used for hydropower production planningand risk assessments.
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- 2015
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10. 南極氷床の Ice Streamおよび棚氷のマイクロ波観測 - JARE-SWEDALP 観測域から
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Sylviane, Surdyk, Per, Holmulund, Susanne, Ingvander, Enomoto, Hiroyuki, Surdyk, Sylviane, Sugiyama, Shin, Fujita, Shuji, Holmulund, Per, and Ingvander, Susanne
- Abstract
第33回極域気水圏シンポジウムポスター発表
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- 2010
11. A model for the snow water equivalent derived from stratigraphy observations in northern Sweden
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Johansson, Cecilia, primary and Ingvander, Susanne, primary
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- 2015
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12. Environmental controls on snow water equivalent in two sub-Arctic mountain catchments
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Cosgrove, Christopher, Zdanowicz, Christian M., Ingvander, Susanne, Cosgrove, Christopher, Zdanowicz, Christian M., and Ingvander, Susanne
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Spatial variability of seasonal snow depth poses a challenge when estimating snow water equivalent (SWE) from in-situ measurements in mountainous areas. Poor accessibility, complex topographic effects and localized microclimates make extrapolation of in-situ SWE measurements to a basin scale difficult. Remotely-sensed passive microwave SWE products are also inaccurate in complex terrain and/or at the forest-alpine tundra transition zone. To address these caveats, we investigated the relative importance of landscape qualities (altitude, slope, aspect, vegetation) and climate (winter temperatures, precipitation) on SWE distribution in two sub-Arctic mountainous catchments in Hemavan, Sweden, and Wolf Creek, Yukon, Canada. The two catchments are comparable, but have contrasted climate regimes. In-situ SWE measurements were made in March-April 2014 across the forest-tundra ecotone in both catchments. These were supplemented with historical snow-survey data since 2012 in Hemavan, and 1993 in Wolf Creek. Pairwise linear regressions of SWE against different landscape factors indicate that overall, altitude exerts the largest control on SWE at both Hemavan and Wolf Creek, but its effect is lesser within individual vegetation zones. In other respects, the two sites differ. SWE is inversely correlated to surface slope at forested sites in Hemavan (R^2 = 0.57, p = 0.25), but not in Wolf Creek. Slope aspect is positively correlated with SWE at forest-tundra transition sites (R^2 = 0.49, p = 0.12) in Wolf Creek, but not in Hemavan. For alpine tundra sites, slope angle strongly influences SWE in Hemavan (R^2 = 0.58, p = 0.24), but only weakly in Wolf Creek (R^2 = 0.05, p = 0.71). We discuss possible causes of these inter-catchment differences, and also evaluate the effect of inter-annual climate variations on SWE distribution at Wolf Creek using the long-term snow-survey record. Finally, we compare and discuss SWE estimates obtained by three different field measurement methods.
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- 2013
13. In situ sampled snow particle sizes of the East Antarctic ice sheet and their relation to physical and remotely sensed snow surface parameters
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Ingvander, Susanne, Dahlke, Helen E., Jansson, Peter, Surdyk, Sylviane, Ingvander, Susanne, Dahlke, Helen E., Jansson, Peter, and Surdyk, Sylviane
- Abstract
Knowledge of snow properties across Antarctica is important in estimating how climate could potentially influence the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, measuring these variables has proven to be challenging because appropriate techniques have not yet been developed and extensive datasets of field estimates are lacking. The goal of this study was to estimate the relationship between field-observed snow particle-size parameters from across the East Antarctic ice sheet and a suite of spatial datasets (i.e. topography, remote-sensing data) using a principal component analysis (PCA). Five snow particle-size parameters were correlated to spatial datasets of the following five groups: (1) relief properties such as elevation and slope; (2) remote-sensing data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors; (3) spatially interpolated data (i.e. 10 m maps of temperature and approximate snow accumulation in kg m(-2) a(-1)); (4) field-retrieved data on surface roughness; and (5) in situ elevation and distance from the coast. The results show that the relief parameter slope correlated best with the snow particle length and area (r=0.76, r=0.80). Further, the PCA indicated that the different remote-sensing parameters correlated differently with the size parameters and that the most common parameter in visual analysis, particle length (grain diameter), is not always the optimal parameter to characterize the snow particle size as, for example, area correlates better to slope and aspect than length., AuthorCount:4
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- 2013
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14. Seasonal and interannual variability of elemental carbon in the snowpack of Storglaciaren, northern Sweden
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Ingvander, Susanne, Rosqvist, Gunhild, Svensson, Jonas, Dahlke, Helen E., Ingvander, Susanne, Rosqvist, Gunhild, Svensson, Jonas, and Dahlke, Helen E.
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We studied the variability of elemental carbon (EC) over 3 years (2009-11) in the winter snowpack of Storglaciaren, Sweden. The goal of this study was to relate the seasonal variation in EC to specific snow accumulation events in order to improve understanding of how different atmospheric circulation patterns control the deposition of EC. Specifically, we related meteorological parameters (e.g. wind direction, precipitation) to snow physical properties, EC content, stable-isotope 8180 ratios and anion concentrations in the snowpack. The distribution of EC in the snowpack varied between years. Low EC contents corresponded to a predominance of weather systems originating in the northwest, i.e. North Atlantic. Analysis of single layers within the snowpacks showed that snow layers enriched in heavy isotopes coincided predominantly with low EC contents but high chloride and sulfate concentration. Based on this isotopic and geochemical evidence, snow deposited during these events had a strong oceanic, i.e. North Atlantic, imprint. In contrast, snow layers with high EC content coincided with snow layers depleted in heavy isotopes but high anion concentrations, indicating a more continental source of air masses and origin of EC from industrial emissions., AuthorCount:4
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- 2013
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15. Comparison of digital and manual methods of snow particle size estimation
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Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Cecilia, Jansson, Peter, Pettersson, Rickard, Ingvander, Susanne, Johansson, Cecilia, Jansson, Peter, and Pettersson, Rickard
- Abstract
Maintaining long time series of observations of the Cryosphere is a key issue in climate research. Long observational time series involve problems due to change in methodology or observers. In order to extend time series and introduce new methods, careful comparisons must be made to ensure homogeneity in the observational data. We have compared an established method for snow grain-size observations used by the Abisko Scientific Research Station (ASRS) in northern Sweden, based on visual interpretation, with a newly developed method for Digital Snow Particle Properties (DSPP) analysis. Transition from subjective visual method into digital reproducible analysis creates less subjective and more comparable results. The ASRS method generates size classifications excluding quantitative analysis size ranges. By determining the sizes of the classified snow using the DSPP method, actual size ranges for classified snow can be established. By performing a digital analysis of the reference samples and the snow samples classified, we can compare the ASRS classification system to existing official classification systems. The results indicate underestimation of the visual particle size in comparison to the reference samples. Our results show how to quantify the historical data set, which enables us to perform quantitative analysis on the historical data set., Interpretation and evaluation of snow and ice from remote sensing using indigenous and scientific expertise, ISIS
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- 2012
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16. Snow particle size investigations using digital image analysis - implications for ground observations and remote sensing of snow
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Ingvander, Susanne and Ingvander, Susanne
- Abstract
During the past century climate warming has caused rapid changes in the Cryosphere. This has increased the need to accurately monitor rates of change in snow and ice in remote or sparsely populated areas where environmental observing capacity is limited. Monitoring snow cover requires understanding of the snow pack and the snow surface attributes. Snow particle size is an important parameter for characterization of snow pack properties. The size and shape of the snow particles affects the snow/air-ratio which in turn affect how energy is reflected on the snow surface. This governs the snow pack energy balance by changing the albedo or backscattering properties of the snow. Both the albedo and the snow particle size can be quantified by remote sensing. However, the snow particle size estimated by remote sensing, also called the optically equivalent particle size, represents only an approximation of the true or physical particle size of snow. Thus, there is demand for methods that relate both parameters and help to improve the interpretation of remote sensing data of snow at higher spatial and temporal scales. To address this demand the aim of this dissertation thesis is to improve existing sampling methods of the physical snow particle size to retrieve high-resolution, spatial and temporal data sets for validation of remote sensing data. A field sampling method based on object-oriented analysis of digital images was developed that allows measurements of various snow particle size parameters such as length, width, area, specific surface area and shape. The method generates a continuous snow particle size distribution that supports the detailed statistical characterization of a large number of samples. The results show its possibility to compare data from different existing methods. The sampling method was applied in field sites in Antarctica and in northern Sweden, to characterize the spatial variability in the physical snow particle size and to estimate correlations, At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Accepted.
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- 2011
17. Spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation rate on the East Antarctic ice divide between Dome Fuji and EPICA DML
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Fujita, S., Holmlund, Per, Andersson, I., Brown, Ian, Enomoto, H., Fujii, Y., Fujita, K., Fukui, K., Furukawa, T., Hansson, M., Hara, K., Hoshina, Y., Igarashi, M., Iizuka, Y., Imura, S., Ingvander, Susanne, Karlin, Torbjörn, Motoyama, H., Nakazawa, F., Oerter, H., Sjöberg, L. E., Sugiyama, S., Surdyk, S., Ström, Johan, Uemura, R., Wilhelms, F., Fujita, S., Holmlund, Per, Andersson, I., Brown, Ian, Enomoto, H., Fujii, Y., Fujita, K., Fukui, K., Furukawa, T., Hansson, M., Hara, K., Hoshina, Y., Igarashi, M., Iizuka, Y., Imura, S., Ingvander, Susanne, Karlin, Torbjörn, Motoyama, H., Nakazawa, F., Oerter, H., Sjöberg, L. E., Sugiyama, S., Surdyk, S., Ström, Johan, Uemura, R., and Wilhelms, F.
- Abstract
To better understand the spatio-temporal variability of the glaciological environment in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica, a 2800-km-long Japanese-Swedish traverse was carried out. The route includes ice divides between two ice-coring sites at Dome Fuji and EPICA DML. We determined the surface mass balance (SMB) averaged over various time scales in the late Holocene based on studies of snow pits and firn cores, in addition to radar data. We find that the large-scale distribution of the SMB depends on the surface elevation and continentality, and that the SMB differs between the windward and leeward sides of ice divides for strong-wind events. We suggest that the SMB is highly influenced by interactions between the large-scale surface topography of ice divides and the wind field of strong-wind events that are often associated with high-precipitation events. Local variations in the SMB are governed by the local surface topography, which is influenced by the bedrock topography. In the eastern part of DML, the accumulation rate in the second half of the 20th century is found to be higher by similar to 15% than averages over longer periods of 722 a or 7.9 ka before AD 2008. A similar increasing trend has been reported for many inland plateau sites in Antarctica with the exception of several sites on the leeward side of the ice divides., authorCount :26
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- 2011
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18. Spatial snow grain size variability along the JASE 2007/2008 traverse route in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, and its relation to MOA NDSI index, MEDRIS and MODIS sattelite data
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Ingvander, Susanne, Brown, Ian, Jansson, Peter, Ingvander, Susanne, Brown, Ian, and Jansson, Peter
- Abstract
Snow grain size is an important parameter for determining albedo of the ice sheets and for calibration of optical and microwave remote sensing scattering processes. Snow grain size is a function of the local climate determined by moisture content, air and snow temperature, their gradients within the snow and firn, and wind patterns. Furthermore, it is an indicator on snow metamorphism. We have developed The Digital Grain Size Properties method (DGSP-method) using object oriented image analysis of very high resolution snow grain size images. Commonly used methods are based on visual interpretation, which is a subjective method providing only mean grain size does not retrieve size distribution within each sample. This is a first attempt to validate satellite information by the in situ measurements from JASE (Japanese Swedish Antarctic Expedition) 2007/2008 using digital image processing. The DSGP-method is based on in-field photography of snow and pixel-based object oriented image analysis. The results show shows decreasing grain size towards the centre of Antarctica and larger grains in the coastal areas. The data used to validate is three different products based on two different types of optic satellite sensors; MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). A first validation captures a cluster relation between grain size in the coastal and at the plateau and optical satellite reflection.
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- 2010
19. In situ sampled snow particle sizes of the East Antarctic ice sheet and their relation to physical and remotely sensed snow surface parameters
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Ingvander, Susanne, primary, Dahlke, Helen E., additional, Jansson, Peter, additional, and Surdyk, Sylviane, additional
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- 2013
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20. Seasonal and interannual variability of elemental carbon in the snowpack of Storglaciären, northern Sweden
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Ingvander, Susanne, primary, Rosqvist, Gunhild, additional, Svensson, Jonas, additional, and Dahlke, Helen E., additional
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- 2013
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21. Comparison of digital and manual methods of snow particle size estimation
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Ingvander, Susanne, primary, Johansson, Cecilia, primary, Jansson, Peter, primary, and Pettersson, Rickard, primary
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- 2012
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22. Method study : Grain size sampling and digital object oriented image analysis for explanation of snow grain size, shape and distribution
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Ingvander, Susanne, Brown, Ian A., Jansson, Peter, Holmlund, Per, Johansson, Cecilia, Rosqvist, Gunhild, Ingvander, Susanne, Brown, Ian A., Jansson, Peter, Holmlund, Per, Johansson, Cecilia, and Rosqvist, Gunhild
- Abstract
We have developed a digital image processing method for snow particle size and shape analysis suitable for quick and reliable analysis in the eld. Snow particle size is an important parameter strongly aecting snow cover albedo from seasonally snow covered areas and ice sheets. It is also important in remote sensing analysis because it influences the reflectance and scattering properties of the snow. Alternatively traditional methods based on visual inspection of samples can be used but they do not yield quantitative data. Our method provides an additional alternative to both simpler and more complex methods by providinga tool that limits the subjective eect of the visual analysis and provides a quantitativeparticle size distribution. The method involves image analysis software and field efficient instrumentation in order to develop a complete process-chain easily implemented under field conditions. The results from the analysis are a two dimensional analysis of particle size, shape and distributions for each sample. The developed method improves snow particle analysis being quantitative, reproducible and applicable for dierent types of eld sites.
23. Regional and local Snow Grain Size variations in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica and analysis of various distribution scales
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Ingvander, Susanne, Jansson, Peter, Brown, Ian A., Fujita, Shuji, Sugyama, Shin, Surdyk, Sylviane, Enomoto, Hiroyouki, Holmlund, Per, Ingvander, Susanne, Jansson, Peter, Brown, Ian A., Fujita, Shuji, Sugyama, Shin, Surdyk, Sylviane, Enomoto, Hiroyouki, and Holmlund, Per
- Abstract
Understanding spatial snow particle size variations are key to help interpretation of remotely sensed data of snow cover. In the case of Antarctica, remote sensing is the only viable option to estimate the surface mass balance of the ice sheet on continental scale. We have investigated snow particle size variability along a transect from the coast onto the polar plateau in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, to better understand the spatial and temporal variations in surface snow properties. Two daily samples were collected during a 55 day traverse to capture the regional variability. Local variability was assessed by sampling in grids at selected locations and the particle size and shape distributions for each site was analysed through digital image analysis, which has the benefit of yielding large quantities of reproducible quantitative data without the need for advanced laboratory analysis. The results provide an understanding of the complexity of snow particle size variability at different scales and show a variability range from 0.18–3.31 mm depending on the sample type (surface, grid or pit). We can verify relationships between grain size and both elevation and distance to the coast (moisture source) but have also identified regional seasonal changes, particularly on the lower elevations of the polar plateau. Our data provide possibilities to quantitatively assess the optical properties of the surface snow for remote sensing. The details of the spatial and temporal variations observed in our data provides a basis for further studies of the complex and coupled processes affecting snow particle size and the interpretation of remote sensing of snow covered areas.
24. Spatial and temporal variations in Antarctic snow particle size identified in AMSR-E 89 GHz data
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Brown, Ian A., Ingvander, Susanne, Brown, Ian A., and Ingvander, Susanne
- Abstract
Here we use in situ observations to identify spatio-temporal variations of snow particle size in 89 GHz AMSR-E passive microwave satellite imagery. We have correlated high temporal resolution data daily AMSR-E with reference to high spatial resolution Envisat ASAR images to a validation dataset of snow particle size acquired during the Japanese Swedish Antarctic Expedition (JASE) 2007/2008. We have found strong correlations between the 89 GHz AMSR-E data and two different size parameters: particle length and estimated Specific Surface Area (SSA). These correlations have been used to model the grain size variations over the entire region of interest. The daily AMSR-E data have been used to study the evolution of the snowpack over time revealing a seasonal metamorphosis of snow particles at the coast that is largely absent on the polar plateau. Furthermore, the AMSR-E data may exhibit effects from the passing of coastal weather systems on 3-6 day cycles. These effects penetrate to the polar plateau and may represent the drainage of cold air from the plateau drawn-down by passing coastal weather systems.
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