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1. UMBRELLA: A One-Stop Shop Bridging the Gap From Lab to Real-World IoT Experimentation

Author

Ioannis Mavromatis, Yichao Jin, Aleksandar Stanoev, Anthony Portelli, Ingram Weeks, Ben Holden, Eliot Glasspole, Tim Farnham, Aftab Khan, Usman Raza, Adnan Aijaz, Thomas Bierton, Ichiro Seto, Nita Patel, and Mahesh Sooriyabandara

Subjects
IoT, IIoT, testbed, experimentation, system-of-systems, wireless, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

UMBRELLA (A Living Laboratory: https://www.umbrellaiot.com/) is an open, large-scale IoT ecosystem deployed across South Gloucestershire, UK. It is intended to accelerate innovation across multiple technology domains. UMBRELLA is built to bridge the gap between existing specialised testbeds and address holistically real-world technological challenges in a System-of-Systems (SoS) fashion. UMBRELLA provides open access to real-world devices and infrastructure, enabling researchers and the industry to evaluate solutions for Smart Cities, Robotics, Wireless Communications, Edge Intelligence, and more. Key features include over 200 multi-sensor nodes installed on public infrastructure, a robotics arena with 20 mobile robots, a 5G network-in-a-box solution, and a unified backend platform for management, control and secure user access. The heterogeneity of hardware components, including diverse sensors, communication interfaces, and GPU-enabled edge devices, coupled with tools like digital twins, allows for comprehensive experimentation and benchmarking of innovative solutions unviable in lab environments. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of UMBRELLA’s multi-domain architecture and capabilities, making it an ideal playground for Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) innovation. It discusses the challenges in designing, developing and operating UMBRELLA as an open, sustainable testbed and shares lessons learned to guide similar future initiatives. With its unique openness, heterogeneity, realism and tools, UMBRELLA aims to continue accelerating cutting-edge technology research, development and translation into real-world progress.

Published
2024
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5. Running-in and micropitting behaviour of steel surfaces under mixed lubrication conditions

Author

Ingram Weeks, Henry Peredur Evans, Alastair Clarke, and Raymond Walter Snidle

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Surface finish, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Roughness, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Micro pitting, Hardened steel, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, TA, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Lubrication, Profilometer, Mixed lubrication, 0210 nano-technology, Running-in, Asperity (materials science)
Abstract

The paper investigates the running-in of hardened steel surfaces under mixed lubrication conditions. Pairs of surfaces of both equal and differing hardness were loaded together under rolling/sliding conditions in a twin-disk rig, and the evolution of surface topography was investigated using in-situ profilometry. Evaluation of roughness parameters, height distributions and profile relocation showed that the running-in of these surfaces is a rapid process where the most prominent asperity tips undergo plastic deformation during the initial loading cycles. Finally, the pair of equal hardness disks, following further running in a separate series of experiments, was found to suffer from micro-pitting. This micropitting predominantly occurred along the tips of prominent asperities, and the potential link between running-in and surface failure is discussed.

Published
2016
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6. An investigation into mixed lubrication conditions using electrical contact resistance techniques

Author

Alastair Clarke, Henry Peredur Evans, Ingram Weeks, and Raymond Walter Snidle

Subjects
Engineering drawing, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Contact resistance, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, Surface finish, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrical contacts, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Thermal, Lubrication, TJ, Composite material, Lubricant, 0210 nano-technology, Asperity (materials science)
Abstract

Electrical contact resistance (ECR) techniques are widely used to study mixed-elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions, where direct asperity contact takes place in conditions of very thin lubricant films. This paper presents the use of the ECR technique to study realistic mixed-EHL contacts, identifying the high frequency variation of instantaneous contact resistance on a repeatable basis between two superfinished surfaces. The variation of mean ECR measurements with operating conditions for ground surfaces in contact is investigated, and it is shown that they are strongly related to the lubricant film thickness and lambda ratio. Thermal effects are considered and shown to be highly influential on both the mean and instantaneous contact resistance. The influence of load on contact resistance is also investigated.

Published
2016
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