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Nowadays the laser is a conventional tool in industrial manufacturing, for a wide spam of applications, from subtractive to additive, from cutting to welding. The main topic in production today is headlined with the word digitalization and Industry 4.0. In this context the laser is playing a dominant role, because it is possible to produce a part directly from a digital model by contactless processing. This unique feature allows for monitoring processes with smart devices, which is a key issue of Industry 4.0. Especially sensor technology is a leading part related to Smart Factory and predictive maintenance and even process control. Transforming machine elements into intelligent cyber physical systems involves the integration of smart sensors for condition and process monitoring. This contribution of Precitec to the SPIE LASE Conference will present some of the highlights in the area of laser metal deposition and 3D printing using innovative laser processing heads in combination with sensor strategies to fully monitor and even control the manufacturing process with the OCT sensor principle. Sensors based on OCT (optical coherence tomography)/ low coherence interferometry are different to all the other technologies because the measurement is not affected by the process emissions and thus open new horizons in laser materials processing. The use of this method in laser applications has risen in the last years. Since its first appearance in 2008 [1], application examples were shown for laser cutting [2], selective laser melting [3], laser micro machining [4], laser drilling [5] and laser welding [6]. For the latter, a huge potential is foreseen [7] [8].

This chapter investigates a set of rumors and legends regarding alleged Mafia connections and money laundering in Meran, a small town in northern Italy. The persons concerned are southern Italian businessmen. The Meran accusations represent a unique phenomenon in respect to their formation. The scene of the action is Meran, a small historic town in the German-speaking province of Bolzano, in northern Italy, not far from the border with Austria. At least a few historical and political pieces of background information are necessary to understand the special nature of the situation that led to the rumors. In the late 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, Meran saw the spreading of rumors concerning the alleged Mafia connections of southern Italian merchants in the leather business, who had settled there some years before. Rumors and legends about alleged Mafia activity in Meran had already been circulating for a number of years.

Schneider I.: Crocus brachyfilus (Iridaceae), a new species from southern Turkey. — Willdenowia 44: 45–50. 13 March 2014. — Version of record published online ahead of inclusion in April 2014 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2014 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44107 Crocus brachyfilus I. Schneider, a new autumn-flowering species of Crocus L. belonging to C. ser. Speciosi from S Turkey, is described and compared with C. elegans Ruksans.

The genus Crocus is known for its widely varying chromosome numbers (from 2n = 6 to 2n = 70) with varying numbers occurring even within species, as it is the case for Crocus biflorus Miller (2n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24). After we found morphological diverse C. biflorus populations in Turkey doubts arose about their rank of being subspecies of the Italian C. biflorus (2n = 8). Here we publish the chromosome numbers for 76 populations of C. biflorus sensu lato distributed all over Turkey. The chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 8 to 2n = 36, with the higher numbers occurring in the mountain ranges of the Anatolian Diagonal and east of it, while lower numbers were found only southwest of these mountains. Closely related taxa with similar distribution mostly differ in their chromosome numbers. This led us to assume that chromosomal changes influence speciation processes in the genus. Therefore, chromosome numbers may represent an important character for the establishment of a new taxonomic treatment of the Crocus species, especially within section Nudiscapus. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The effect of hydrogen on the mechanical behaviour is twofold: It affects the local yield stress and it accelerates material damage. On the other hand, the diffusion behaviour is influenced by the hydrostatic stress, the plastic deformation and the strain rate. This requires a coupled model of deformation, damage and diffusion. The deformation behaviour is described by von Mises plasticity with pure isotropic hardening, and crack extension is simulated by a cohesive zone model. The local hydrogen concentration, which is obtained from the diffusion analysis, causes a reduction of the cohesive strength. Crack extension in a C(T) specimen of a ferritic steel under hydrogen charging is simulated by fully coupled diffusion and mechanical finite element analyses with ABAQUS and the results are compared with test results.

A new stress-state dependent cohesive zone model for thin walled structures is proposed. The model incorporates the stress-state explicitly within the traction-separation law using basic elasticity-plasticity equations combined with a model parameter. The numerical implementation of the model is able to reproduce ductile fracture observed in a pre-cracked C(T) specimen as well as a notched plate specimen of the same material.

The synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamines (R = Cl, Br, I, CN, or CCSi(CH3)3), potential precursors/building blocks for molecular magnets, is presented. In addition to standard methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, IR, UV), the products were also characterised by means of cyclic voltammetry. Completely reversible electrochemical behaviour was observed for both the CN and the CCSi(CH3)3 derivatives. Moreover, the corresponding radical cations and the dications were observed by cyclic voltammetry for these compounds. The first oxidation step of the Cl and the Br derivatives was also found to be reversible, although a chemical side reaction was detected after oxidation to the corresponding dication. The radical cation could not be detected for the I derivative. In this case direct oxidation to the dication followed by a chemical reaction was observed.

Transvenous embolization of small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA;or = 4 mm) with a single detachable coil was attempted in 24 dogs (median age 5.7 months, range, 2.6-65.5 months; median body weight 5.5 kg, range, 1.5-30.0 kg). Angiographic imaging of the duct and pressure measurements were made before and after embolization. The minimal ductal diameter was 2.7 +/- 0.7 mm. In all dogs, a single coil was employed regardless of residual shunting. Ten dogs (PDA minimal diameter range, 1.5-2.2 mm) received a 5-mm coil, and 14 dogs (PDA minimal diameter range, 2.9-3.6 mm) received a 8-mm coil. After coil embolization the angiographic shunt grade decreased significantly (n = 20, P.001). Residual shunts were assessed by angiography 15 minutes after and by Doppler echocardiography 1-3 days and 3 months after the intervention. In the dogs treated with the 5-mm coils the residual shunt rate was low (0%, 10%, and 0% for angiography and Doppler echocardiography at 1-3 days and 3 months, respectively), in contrast to the dogs treated with the 8-mm coils (91%, 79%, and 67% for angiography and Doppler echocardiography at 1-3 days and 3 months, respectively). After 3 months, no residual murmur was found in dogs treated with the 5-mm coils (0/7), in contrast to murmurs in 5 of 12 (42%) dogs treated with the 8-mm coils. Despite incomplete closure in these dogs, volume loading of the left heart decreased in all dogs. Pulmonic or aortic coil embolism did not occur. Analysis of initial results shows that single detachable coil embolization is possible in all dogs with a small PDA (or = 4 mm), but only very small PDA (or = 2.5) could be treated effectively, and for the moderate PDA (2.6-4.0 mm) longer coils or multiple coils may be necessary to achieve complete occlusion.

Rechargeable lithium ion cells operate at voltages of ∼4.5 V, which is far beyond the thermodynamic stability window of the battery electrolyte. Strong electrolyte reduction and corrosion of the negative electrode has to be anticipated, which leads to irreversible loss of electroactive material and electrolyte, and thus strongly deteriorates cell performance. To minimize these reactions, negative electrode and electrolyte components have to be combined bringing about the electrolyte reduction products to form an effectively protecting film at the anode/electrolyte interface. This film hinders further electrolyte decomposition reactions and acts as membrane for the lithium cations, i.e., behaves as asolidelectrolytei2nt erphase (SEI). The present paper gives a review of our recent work in the field of negative electrodes in lithium ion batteries. The effects of the graphite anode surface and graphite anode surface modification on the formation of the SEI are discussed in detail by using the example: modification with carbon dioxide.

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Vertrauen ist nicht alles, zumal in okonomischen Transaktionen. Aber ohne Vertrauen ist alles nichts, wie uns die Alltagserfahrung lehrt. Insbesondere fur komplexe Verkaufsituationen, wie wir sie in der Automobilbranche finden, ist es oft unerlasslich, damit eine Transaktion uberhaupt zustande kommt. Nun ist zwar das Verkaufen ein zentraler Gegenstand der Marketing-Forschung, aber diese konzentriert sich primar auf Themen wie Kundenzufriedenheit (vgl. Oliver 1997) oder Effizienz des Verkaufspersonals (vgl. Sohi 1998); der Rolle des Vertrauens, sowie seinen Ursachen und Konsequenzen widmet die einschlagige Forschung relativ wenig Aufmerksamkeit.

In soils, animals and plants from selected sites in the Rustenburg mining area, a part of the South African ore belt, the heavy metal burden was examined. These sites belong to different soil types and are characterized by different land-use (agriculture, grassland). The heavy metal contamination of the soil samples is relatively high and is dominated by chromium and nickel, metals, which are extracted in the mine near the sampling sites. These high heavy metal concentrations had no clear inhibitory influence on micro-organisms or the enzyme activity of soils. It appears that the high clay content of the soils may counteract the influence of heavy metals. On the other hand, tolerant microbial populations may have been established. In addition, the investigated culture plants there was no correlation between the heavy metal content of the soils and the concentrations in roots and shoots. The dangerous, potential contamination of organs in humans seems to be modest, with the exception of tobacco leaves. The heavy metal content of tissues in the examined animals reflect the environmental habitat in situ with no obvious influence on the health of the animals.

Članak iz kuta europske etnologije i međunarodnog istraživanja pripovijedanja razmatra nekoliko prosudbi o odnosu stvarnosti i fikcije, ali i o viđenju sebe i slika tuđine u putopisima i etnografskoj literaturi. Primjeri tekstova sežu od antike preko srednjega vijeka u rani novi vijek do baroka i prosvjetiteljstva. Slike tuđine, što može biti prvi rezultat analize, podudarne su u međusobno udaljenim vremenima i prostorima. Stvarnost i fikcija, što je sljedeća spoznaja, ne razlikuju se tako mnogo već se međusobno plodno razmjenjuju. Bitno je i treće stajalište da putopise i etnografske izvore valja shvatiti kao kulturne konstrukte čijem smo stvaranju i mi etnolozi/folkloristi često sami pridonosili i pridonosimo. Slike tuđine imaju, četvrto i posljednje, uvijek i jedan ne manje važan dio u stvaranju slika o nama samima te time i na izgradnju identiteta., The topic of this article is the relationship between reality and fiction but also between pictures of the self and the other in ethnographic and travel literature. The texts used for closer analysis are very consciously taken from a wide range of different sources as well concerning time, space and genre: from Herodotís Historiae to Lukianís Alethes historia, from Brendan's Voyage to Mandeville's Travels, just to mention the most well known examples. The combination of ethnologic and folkloristic approach provides at least four findings: Firstly, pictures of the other are very much alike over time and space. Secondly, differentiation between true and false can not be our first aim. We have to realize that reality and fiction are frequently intertwined, even more that there is a fruitful exchange between both. Thirdly, we have to accept that texts about other cultures or peoples are cultural constructions and that we folklorists and cultural anthropologists are very often workers or at least coworkers in these buildings. This leads to the fourth point: Pictures of the other always play an important role in the creation of identities.

Chlorpromazine (10 mumol/L) causes a marked increase in portal pressure in perfused rat liver. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption, hepatic clearance of taurocholate and bile flow are diminished. These effects are prevented by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (15 mumol/L), acetylsalicylate (3 mmol/L) or ibuprofen (200 mumol/L). On addition of chlorpromazine the liver releases increased amounts of prostaglandin D2; this increase does not occur in the presence of indomethacin. At higher concentrations of chlorpromazine (100 mumol/L) the inhibition of taurocholate clearance and bile flow is accompanied by only a moderate increase of portal pressure, and indomethacin is without effect. At this high concentration, substantial cell damage, as indicated by the release of lactate dehydrogenase, is present. We conclude that arachidonic acid-derived metabolites, notably prostanoids, are involved in the inhibition of bile flow and of taurocholate clearance observed at low concentrations of chlorpromazine. The data suggest that changes in the microcirculation are responsible for the impairment of the liver functions. At higher concentrations of chlorpromazine the cell toxicity of the drug becomes prominent.

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Summary Amitrole is taken up and metabolized at different rates by leaves of 16 examined regenerants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia . Both, stimulation and inhibition of the herbicide uptake as well as the herbicide metabolism are not related to the amitrole tolerance on whole plant level.

Summary A habituated, self-regenerating callus line of sugarbeet was obtained and compared with other systems. It seems likely that there exists a similar principle of regeneration for the systems described.

The calcium-ionophore A23187 causes a reversible increase of the hydrostatic pressure in the portal vein of perfused rat liver. Concomitantly, hepatic functions like the production of bile and the transhepatic movement of the bile acid taurocholate are diminished, mainly due to decreased uptake. These phenomena are partly explained by changes in the microcirculation of the liver, visualized by Trypan blue staining. Both the increase in portal pressure and the major part of the decrease of biliary excretion of taurocholate and bile flow are prevented by the addition of the vasodilator papaverine. The type I antiarrhythmic drugs quinidine and N -propylajmaline bitartrate (NPA), at high concentrations, also induce a rise in portal pressure and act as a cholestatic agent. The rise in portal pressure caused by NPA requires the presence of extracellular calcium and is counteracted by papaverine. In contrast to A23187, the cholestasis caused by NPA is not influenced by papaverine. While NPA decreases the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of taurocholate, papavarine is able to restore only the uptake and not the excretion. The concentration of taurocholate in the bile is not significantly changed by NPA.