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The Internet of Things has received enormous attention. Despite the lucrative potential, this study tries to look beyond the hype to understand how IoT impacts firm performance. Based on the information processing theory, we intend to explore how IoT influences the financial performance of firms. Firms, which realise the urgent need to adopt IoT might encounter a diverse set of challenges, like whether adoption will be profitable, the level of commitment they should devote, and whether to adopt as a first or second-mover. We want to comprehend such adoption challenges on the Indian manufacturing firm's financial performance. This study uses panel data from BSE 500 listed manufacturing firms and conducts multivariate analysis to understand the relationship between the IoT implementation proxies: IoT adoption, first-mover advantage, and firm performance in the light of IoT commitment and experts. The result indicates that IoT implementation has an insignificant effect on manufacturing firm performance. Meanwhile, the consideration of IoT commitment and experts jointly can enable a manufacturing firm to reap significantly positive financial outcomes. In other words, the IoT commitment and expertise positively moderate the relationship. The finding is useful to the decision-makers to address the firm-level adjustment before the mere introduction of IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public agencies are increasingly required to respond to multiple and evolving threats. Perceptions of risk are important triggers of organizational responses and motivate adaptive strategies. Integrating administrative data with a survey of public managers employed across the 300 largest transit agencies in the US, we examine how outsourcing decisions and reliance on scientific and professional sources of information influence public agencies' perceptions of extreme weather events' risks. Results show that reliance on scientific and professional sources of information is positively associated with perceived risk of extreme weather events. The effect of contracting on risk perceptions depends on agencies' outsourcing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Firms are increasingly pressured to comply with mandatory supply chain transparency (SCT) regulations. Drawing on information processing theory (IPT), this study aims to show how blockchain technology can address information uncertainty and equivocality in assuring regulatory compliance in an interorganizational network (ION). Design/methodology/approach: IPT is applied in a single case study of an ION in the mining industry that aimed to implement blockchain to address mandatory SCT regulations. The authors build on a rich proprietary data set consisting of interviews and substantial secondary material from actors along the supply chain. Findings: The case shows that blockchain creates equality between actors, enables compliance and enhances efficiency in an ION, reducing information uncertainty and equivocality arising from conflict minerals regulation. The system promotes engagement and data sharing between parties while protecting commercial sensitive information. The lack of central authority prevents larger partners from taking control. The system provides mineral provenance and a regulation-compliant record. System cost analysis shows that the system is efficient as it is inexpensive relative to volumes and values of metals transacted. Issues were identified related to collecting richer human rights data for assurance and compliance with due diligence regulations. Originality/value: The authors provide some of the first evidence in the operations and supply chain management literature of the specific architecture, costs and limitations of using blockchain for SCT. Using an IPT lens in an ION setting, the authors demonstrate how blockchain-based systems can address two key IPT challenges: environmental uncertainty and equivocality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a significant resource for integrating culture and tourism and an essential content of tourism development. This research used an eye-tracking experiment, a retrospective oral report, and a questionnaire survey to collect tourists' objective eye movement data and subjective preference for ICH. Results indicated a significant difference in tourists' visual attention and preference for different categories of ICH. Tourists put most visual attention and preference on ICH folk customs and ICH skills. Moreover, character, culture, and life elements are main focus. Findings from the research provide insight into ICH tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, environmental sustainability has become a key corporate and organisational issue. Today, firms are increasingly turning to existing and emerging digital technologies to help ensure that they meet the medium and long-term needs and expectations of customers and other stakeholders with respect to sustainability performance. This raises the important question of which digitisation factors most significantly impact environmental sustainability performance, as well as the mediating factor of sustainability innovation balance (the ability of a firm to balance the exploration of new innovations with the exploitation of existing innovations). A comprehensive survey instrument was developed and refined through expert feedback and a pilot study, leading to data collection from 374 professionals in the Freight and Logistics industry in Saudi Arabia, all of whom held senior positions in areas such as business development, IT, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) departments. This data was then analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results of this analysis showed that the key factors impacting sustainability performance were digital competence, strategy alignment, digital adaptability, innovation exploitation and innovation exploration. These findings contribute to the current literature by expanding our understanding of the real-world drivers of sustainability performance. In practical terms, the study will help managers improve sustainability performance by enhancing resource efficiency, streamlining, and supply chain management, as well as improving employee engagement and training, fostering a culture of sustainability within the organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how platforms within sharing economy-based service triads (SESTs) can improve their social capital through information processing and knowledge management mechanisms, with the objective to provide better platform services to both service suppliers and end customers. Data were collected through multiple case studies, primarily relying on insight gathered from 32 semi-structured interviews with managers from four sharing economy platform companies in the Chinese ride-sharing (DiDi and Uber China) and logistics-sharing (Huo-che-bang and Yun-man-man) industries. Through our analysis we uncover uncertainties faced by sharing economy platforms in SETSs (including task complexity, over-competition, and task coordination), delineating their information processing requirements. Based on our findings we suggest that these requirements can be addressed by enhanced intra-organizational structures that would contribute to the SESTs' information processing capacity. Accomplishing this fit between a platform's information processing requirements and associated information processing capacity carries great promise to not only affect the platform's knowledge management capability (PKMC) but also the social capital created within SESTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze and to describe, in terms of information processing theory, the thinking processes of junior high school students as they solved problems involving direct and inverse proportions. This study design is qualitative and exploratory-descriptive in nature. 26 students in the seventh grade of SMP Negeri 1 Kota Ternate were assigned direct and inverse proportion assignments. Eventually, based on the students' thinking potential and verbal and written communication skills, 3 students who could describe the thinking process based on information processing theory components were selected. The instruments for data collection consisted of questions on direct and inverse proportions, supported by interview procedures. Based on the analysis and discussion of research results, three categories of student thinking processes can be identified: (1) multiple thinking categories in solving direct proportion problems, which occur in the perception component when S1 students write or express problem solving plans using multiple strategies to process accepted information; (2) the multiplication thinking category in solving inverse proportion problems, which occurs in the perception component; and (3) the generalization thinking category in solving inverse proportion problems, which occurs in the perception component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation has led to the exponential advancement of e-learning platforms. Multimedia content plays a vital role in supporting knowledge dissemination for adaptive e-learning systems. However, online learners' cognitive preferences towards such multimedia contents have been less explored, and most of the e-learning adaptive systems models have not yet enrolled learners' cognitive processes. Thus, the digital divide between millennials and generation Z has evolved due to the lack of dynamic personalization of e-learning multimedia content with respect to learners' metacognitive styles. In order to address that challenge, this feasibility study approach is aimed at exploring the possibility of deploying information processing theory on adaptive e-learning platforms to support the enrolment of learners' metacognitive styles for e-learning multimedia content personalization, which in turn eradicates the existing digital divide. This study survey results suggest that the deployment of information processing theory on adaptive e-learning systems is feasible and optimal learning can be obtained when multimedia content personalization meets generation Z preferences.

COVID-19 has brought unprecedented impacts on global logistics and left supply chain management on the verge of collapse, which highlights the research importance of supply chain resilience (SCRE). To provide more insights into SCRE in the pandemic context, this paper uses information processing theory (IPT) as a theoretical lens and attempt to explore how SCRE can be achieved through information processing ‘fit’, that is, the fit between information processing capability and its information processing capability. We conducted a single-case analysis by choosing Zong-Teng Group, one of the biggest cross-border e-commerce enterprises in China, as our sample. Data were mainly collected from interviews with Zong-Teng’s managers and open online resources. Through this single-case analysis, this paper identifies supply chain collaborative innovation as a new mechanism between information processing ‘fit’ and SCRE. Specifically, a firm’s information processing ‘fit’ can lead to three modes of innovative collaborations (i.e., technology, management and market innovation), which further improves SCRE. These findings provide some valuable implications for both researchers and practitioners in operations and supply chain management (OSCM) realms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitals are under tremendous pressure to improve multiple performance dimensions that may be at odds, including cost containment, clinical quality, and patient satisfaction. The need to improve performance on multiple fronts is compounded by sources of uncertainty that include upstream diversity of supply chain (SC) partners, internal diversity of clinical specialties provided, and downstream diversity of patient conditions. Information processing theory (IPT) suggests two strategies for dealing with uncertainty: reduce the amount of information elevated to higher levels for processing and accommodate the amount of information by increasing information processing at other levels. We apply IPT to investigate (i) the relationship between the two information processing strategies in a hospital's SC and its cost containment, clinical quality, and patient satisfaction performance, and (ii) how these relationships may be moderated by diversity in the hospital's SC partners, clinical specialties, and patients, the common sources of uncertainty in hospital SCs. These questions were examined using regression analysis of primary data from acute care hospitals matched with secondary data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, American Hospital Association and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality measuring hospital operating characteristics and performance. The analysis yielded several important findings: (i) while a slack resources strategy (uncertainty reduction) is effective for improving patient satisfaction performance, it is ineffective for reducing cost, (ii) a lateral relations strategy (uncertainty accommodation) is effective in improving all three performance dimensions, and (iii) these relationships are moderated differentially by the three diversity dimensions only for lateral relations. These findings offer important managerial insights about hospitals' efforts to improve potentially conflicting performance outcomes and suggest interesting opportunities for future research applying IPT to this important topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Drawing on the dual process theory and the cultural dimension of power distance, the current research investigates the impact of a specific service clue—the linguistic style of address forms (salutation) in hotel manager letters to guests—on customer satisfaction in a hotel context in Ecuador. Design/methodology/approach – Following an experimental design research approach, this research conducted a series of two studies to examine how customers' cultural values (high vs low power distance), linguistic style of address forms (formal vs casual) and service valence (service success vs service failure) together influenced customer satisfaction. Specifically, Study 1 examined the service success condition, and Study 2 investigated the service failure condition. Findings – The research results show that, in the service success condition, customers follow their distinct cultural orientations (high vs low power distance) when responding to the different linguistic styles (formal vs casual). On the other hand, in the service failure situation, as customers desire for expressions of respect that can be reflected in a formal address form, the level of satisfaction is lower when the casual address form is used in guest communications, regardless of customers' cultural orientations in power distance. Originality/value – This research adds to existing cross-cultural service research, particularly in terms of service valence, and provides practical implications for enhancing service providers' cultural awareness and sociolinguistic competence to effectively communicate with customers from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Information Systems (IS) outsourcing contracts often fail to deliver the planned business benefits. One major reason is that organizations have poor understanding of outsourcing. This study examined IS outsourcing success by integrating Information Processing Theory with four contextual factors (three organizational readiness factors: IT skills readiness, financial readiness and technology readiness, and one moderator factor: environmental dynamism). We collected 216 questionnaires to validate the proposed hypotheses. The statistical analysis revealed three findings. First, the fit between task uncertainty and organizational structural mechanism was significantly related to IS outsourcing success. Second, the negative moderating power of environmental dynamism on the relationship of IS outsourcing success with the fit between task uncertainty and organizational structural mechanism was significant. Finally, the three organizational readiness factors were significantly related to IS outsourcing success. This study provided new insights on the future development of Information Processing Theory and the improvement of IS outsourcing project performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe advent of bigdata era fundamentally transformed the nature of medical information seeking and the traditional binary medical relationship. Weaving stress coping theory and information processing theory, we developed an integrative perspective on information seeking behavior and explored the antecedent and consequence of such behavior.MethodsData were collected from 573 women suffering from infertility who was seeking assisted reproductive technology treatment in China. We used AMOS 22.0 and the PROCESS macro in SPSS 25.0 software to test our model.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that patients’ satisfaction with information received from the physicians negatively predicted their behavior involvement in information seeking, such behavior positively related to their perceived information overload, and the latter negatively related to patient-physician relationship quality. Further findings showed that medical information seeking behavior and perceived information overload would serially mediate the impacts of satisfaction with information received from physicians on patient-physician relationship quality.DiscussionThis study extends knowledge of information seeking behavior by proposing an integrative model and expands the application of stress coping theory and information processing theory. Additionally, it provides valuable implications for patients, physicians and public health information service providers.

This paper aims to examine the impact of service quality and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on brand authenticity and determine the moderating effects of CSR on the relationship between service quality and brand authenticity. Survey data was collected from 472 customers of Karachi, Pakistan's four major medical diagnostic laboratories, through the convenience sampling technique. The quantitative method was used. To collect information from respondents, a self-administered questionnaire is used. We utilized the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to analyze data. The results show that CSR, service quality, and brand authenticity are related in medical diagnostic and research laboratories. Research findings indicate that service quality and CSR directly and positively impact brand authenticity. In addition, CSR moderates the effect between service quality and brand authenticity. Managers can see corporate social responsibility as an intangible value that goes along with high-quality services and makes medical diagnostic and research laboratory services more authentic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to help and facilitate students of SDI Al-Mubarok Surabaya in remembering information, understanding concepts and actively participating in class when studying Islamic Religious Education. Data collection methods used in this study include observation, interviews, and documentation, and the methodology used is descriptive qualitative. Based on the survey results, that the application of information processing theory at SDI Al-Mubarok Surabaya follows a learning implementation plan (RPP) with flexible learning steps consisting of eight phases of the learning process according to Robert M.Gagne namely motivation, understanding, acquisition, retention, memory. return, generalization, treatment, and feedback. The results of the application of Robert M. Gagne's information processing theory to Islamic Religious Education lessons at SDI Al-Mubarok Surabaya are carried out in accordance with the stages of learning, and can be said to be successful and can direct and support student interest in the learning process, follow all the teacher's instructions, make students remember information in learning and understand every instruction given by the teacher. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membantu dan memudahkan siswa SDI Al-Mubarok Surabaya dalam mengingat informasi, memahami konsep dan berpartisipasi aktif di kelas ketika mempelajari Pendidikan Agama Islam. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dan metodologi yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil survei, bahwa penerapan teori pemrosesan informasi di SDI Al-Mubarok Surabaya mengikuti rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) dengan langkah-langkah pembelajaran fleksibel yang terdiri dari delapan fase proses pembelajaran menurut Robert M.Gagne yakni motivasi, pemahaman, pemerolehan, penahanan, ingatan kembali, generalisasi, perlakuan, dan umpan balik. Hasil penerapan teori pemrosesan informasi milik Robert M. Gagne pada pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SDI Al-Mubarok Surabaya dilaksanakan sesuai dengan tahapan pembelajaran, dan dapat dikatakan berhasil serta dapat mengarahkan dan menunjang minat siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, mengikuti semua petunjuk guru, membuat siswa mengingat informasi dalam pembelajaran dan memahami setiap instruksi yang diberikan guru.

Crowdfunding has become an alternative source of financing for entrepreneurial new ventures and social projects. While identifying and "tapping the right crowd" of backers has been shown to be crucial for the success of crowdfunding campaigns, we still lack a basic understanding of why individuals become backers in the first place and why so many others do not. Building on information processing theory, we advance crowdfunding awareness as an important precedent to actual engagement as a backer. We hypothesize and—using a sample of 1,042 individuals in Flanders (Belgium)—show that individuals' crowdfunding awareness depends on whether they are male or female, as well as on the (perceived) socioeconomic environment they are in. Furthermore, our findings suggest that women tend to derive their crowdfunding awareness to a larger extent from these environmental characteristics than men. These results have important implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes an initial attempt to develop a theory of supply chain resilience through ambidexterity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a single-case analysis focusing on Zong-Teng Group, one of the biggest cross-border e-commerce enterprises in China, as our sample. Data were mainly collected from interviews with Zong-Teng managers and public online resources. Through case analysis, this paper identifies that a fit between the information processing requirements of a firm and its information processing capability leads to greater ambidexterity for exploitation and exploration, which in turn improves supply chain resilience (SCR) in the form of agility, redundancy and flexibility. In addition, ambidexterity in terms of morality improves SCR culture. This paper may be the first to adopt information processing theory to examine SCR and consider the role of ambidexterity, noting that crises such as COVID-19 impose an exponential increase in information processing requirements, to which many firms fail to respond effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vulnerability patch R&D has become an important part of information security governance. An effective collaboration with software vendors in patch R&D is of great significance to reduce the existence time of information security risks. This works aims to explore the relationship between vulnerability information disclosure and patch R&D of software vendors. The data regarding the vulnerability and software vendors is gathered from third-party vulnerability sharing platforms, including (China's national information security vulnerability database, CNNVD) and Tianyacha.com. Based on the theory of organizational information processing, linear regression model and Cox proportional risk regression model are built for appropriately addressing the research questions. The results show that the vulnerability disclosure of the third-party sharing platform can improve the patch R&D probability of software vendors. The information processing requirements, such as vulnerability information attention, vulnerability score and whether vulnerabilities are disclosed in advance accelerate the vulnerability patch R&D. The enterprise information processing capability indicators, including the industry dependence of software product customers and the staff size of software vendors accelerate the patch R&D. The number of products affected by the vulnerabilities and the number of software copyrights of software vendors have no significant impact on patch R&D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation (GI) is widely regarded as a strategy for pursuing sustainable corporate development. Drawing from the organisational information processing theory, this study investigates the moderation effect of information technology (IT) capability in shaping the impacts of ambidexterity and two types of GI practices, green product innovation (GPDI) and green process innovation (GPCI). Using a selective sampling of 368 firms in China, this study validates a 30-item measurement scale and approves the proposed theoretical model. The data obtained were then analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) executed by the AMOS 23 application. The results confirm the vital role of two sides of ambidexterity, namely, exploitation and exploration, in improving GI and the positive effects of GI on sustainable corporate development (i.e., environment, social, and financial sustainability). More importantly, IT capability only positively moderates the relationship between GI and one side of ambidexterity, i.e., exploitation. This study contributes to the strategies to better prepare companies in developing markets to achieve GPDI and GPCI as core competencies. Findings also provide evidence for practitioners to invest in GI to facilitate better corporate sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a methodology for utilizing eight Thinking Maps that are linked to a cognitive taxonomy will be explored. Firstly, the various taxonomies focusing on cognitive processes will be elaborated upon, namely Bloom's Taxonomy as well as Barret's Taxonomy that is used in the education system. Following this, the article will explore the questioning strategy that links questions to either taxonomy and how this strategy is currently employed in classrooms worldwide. A section then elucidates the eight Thinking Maps and what types of thought processes are associated with each map. A methodology will be discussed that links the eight Thinking Maps to verbs that are all associated with the previously mentioned taxonomies. Finally, an adaptive systematic methodology will be elaborated upon, linking to the information processing theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We consider supply chain visibility a crucial resource for digital technologies. • We found that digital technologies significantly enhance the resilience of healthcare supply chains in highly dynamic environments. • Our findings contribute to the organisational information processing theory. • Our findings offer numerous directions to healthcare organisations and policymakers to exploit digital technologies in a highly turbulent environment. The healthcare sector is a complex and critical industry that requires a resilient supply chain to ensure patients receive the care they need. However, the pandemic and geopolitical crises have highlighted the need for a more comprehensive understanding of healthcare supply chain resilience. To address this, healthcare providers and policymakers increasingly recognise the importance of digital technology in enhancing their supply chain resilience. Despite this recognition, there is a lack of empirical studies that have explored the relationship between supply chain visibility, digital capabilities, and environmental dynamism in the healthcare sector. Therefore, our study aimed to fill this gap by utilising organisational information processing theory (OIPT) to explain the relationship between these factors. Our analysis of 137 survey responses revealed that supply chain visibility is a foundational resource for digital capabilities. Moreover, digital capabilities are vital in enhancing healthcare supply chain resilience in highly turbulent environments. Our research expands the concept of the OIPT to offer a more comprehensive explanation of how supply chain visibility is a crucial factor for the effective functioning of digital technologies, particularly in highly uncertain environments. Our findings also provide useful insights for healthcare managers and policymakers who wish to enhance their supply chain's resilience and leverage digital technologies to achieve this objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slack has been argued to have "double‐edged sword" effects; hence, whether it contributes to sustainable development remains questionable. This study examines the relationship between supply chain slack and sustainable development performance based on information processing theory. To test the hypotheses, this study collected 1017 panel data of 102 Chinese listed companies in the agricultural and food industry from 2010 to 2019. Results show that supply chain slack exerts a positive effect on sustainable development performance, with objective environmental uncertainty positively moderating this direct effect. However, this positive moderating effect is weaker when there is a higher level of perceived environmental uncertainty from the perspective of metacognition. Results indicate that supply chain slack generates a higher level of sustainable development performance when managers acquire more information that they can use to adjust the fit "bias" regarding objective environmental uncertainty in support of the underlying "fit–adjust" logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]