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The quantity of data from many small-scale fisheries is insufficient to allow for the application of conventional assessment methods. Even though in many countries they are moving to closed-loop simulations to assess the performance of different management procedures in data-limited situations, managers in most developing countries are still demanding information on stock status. In this study we use the common metric of harvest rate to evaluate and compare the performance of the following catch-only and length-only assessment models: catch--maximum sustainable yield (Catch-MSY), depletion- based stock reduction analysis (DBSRA), simple Stock Synthesis (SSS), an extension of Catch-MSY (CMSY), length-based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR), length-based integrated mixed effects (LIME), and length-based Bayesian (LBB). In general, results were more biased for slightly depleted than for highly depleted stocks and for long- lived than for short-lived species. Length-based models, such as LIME, performed as well as catch-based methods in many scenarios, and among the catch-based models, the one with the best performance was SSS followed by CMSY. La quantite de donnees issues de nombreuses peches de petite envergure n'est pas assez grande pour permettre l'application de methodes devaluation classiques. Bien que, dans de nombreux pays, l'utilisation de simulations en boucle fermee pour evaluer la performance de differentes procedures de gestion en situation de donnees limitees soit de plus en plus repandue, les gestionnaires dans la plupart des pays en developpement requierent encore de l'information sur l'etat des stocks. Nous utilisons le taux de prises, un parametre repandu, pour evaluer et comparer la performance des modeles d'evaluation suivants bases uniquement sur les prises ou sur la longueur : rendement equilibre maximum--prises (<< Catch-MSY>>), analyse de diminution du stock basee sur l'appauvrissement (<< DBSRA >>), synthese simple des stocks (<< SSS >>), extension du modele Catch-MSY (<< CMSY>>), rapport de la capacite de frai basee sur la longueur (<< LBSPR>>), effets mixtes integres bases sur la longueur (<< LIME >>) et modele bayesien base sur la longueur (<< LBB >>). En general, les resultats sont plus biaises pour les stocks legerement appauvris que pour les stocks tres appauvris et pour les especes plus longevives que pour les especes moins longevives. Les modeles bases sur la longueur, tel que LIME, donnent des resultats aussi bons que les methodes basees sur les prises dans de nombreux scenarios et, parmi les modeles bases sur les prises, le SSS est celui qui donne les meilleurs resultats. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Major commercial fish species usually have substantial sets of data that can be integrated by complex stock assessment models (e.g., Methot and Wetzel 2013); these data may include time [...]

In response to recent calls for theory to predict and explain the phenomenon of 'meta-organizations,' we set out to identify the causes of their formation. Using a cross-case comparison of multiple case studies in sub-Saharan Africa, where nine focal firms varied in their response to the complexities of sustainability, we examined how and why some firms approached sustainability through a meta-organization while others did not. Our findings show that meta-organizations may be an effective means of managing the complexity of sustainability when participants exhibit an openness to innovative forms of collaboration--which, in turn, rests on complex systems framing and experiential embeddedness--and when they collectively undergo a four-stage process of meta-organization formation that transforms dormant resources into critical sources for achieving systemic goals. Our results also suggest that meta-organizations may be particularly well suited to addressing institutional and market voids, which typically constitute highly complex economic and social contexts. In addition to making contributions to the extant literature on interorganizational relationships and networks, this paper, to our knowledge, is the first to examine the appropriateness of the meta-organizational form in less developed economies, extending the potential generalizability of its application to multiple economic contexts. Keywords: meta-organizations * sustainability * qualitative methods * organizational design * organizational form * interorganizational relationships * networks, Introduction Organizational scholars have recently introduced the concept of 'meta-organizations' as an organizational design form that represents both a distinct subset of the more generalized network form and a unique [...]

Keeping your research data freely available is crucial for open science -- and your funding could depend on it. Keeping your research data freely available is crucial for open science -- and your funding could depend on it., Author(s): Quirin Schiermeier Author Affiliations: Data management made simple Adapted from Getty Illustration of woman looking at data plots When Marjorie Etique learnt that she had to create a data-management [...]

Taking advantage of the opportunities created by the price adjusted performance improvement in information technology (IT) depends in part on the ability of IT capital to substitute for other inputs [...]

Epidemiologists and public health researchers are moving very slowly in the data sharing revolution, and agencies that maintain global health databases are reluctant to share data too. Once investments in infrastructure have been made, recycling and combining data provide access to maximum knowledge for minimal additional cost. By refusing to share data, researchers are slowing progress towards reducing illness and death and are denying a public good to taxpayers who support most of the research. Funders of public health research are beginning to call for change and developing data sharing policies. However they are not yet adequately addressing the obstacles that underpin the failure to share data. These include professional structures that reward publication of analysis but not of data, and funding streams and career paths that continue to undervalue critical data management work. Practical issues need to be sorted out too: how and where should data be stored for the long term, who wilt control access, and who will pay for those services? Existing metadata standards need to be extended to cope with health data. These obstacles have been known for some time; most can be overcome in the field of public health just as they have been overcome in other fields. However no institution has taken the lead in defining a work plan and carving up the tasks and the bill. In this round table paper, we suggest goals for data sharing and a work plan for reaching them, and challenge respondents to move beyond well intentioned but largely aspirational data sharing plans. Les epidemiologistes et les chercheurs en sante publique s&apos;engagent tres lentement dans la revolution que subit le partage des donnees et les agences chargees d&apos;entretenir les bases de donnees mondiales sur la sante sont reticentes a ce partage. Une fois certains investissements consentis dans les infrastructures, le recyclage et la combinaison des donnees peuvent donner acces a un maximum de connaissances pour un cout additionnel minimal. En refusant le partage des donnees, les chercheurs ralentissent les progres vers la reduction de la morbidite et de la mortalite et interdisent l&apos;acces a l&apos;information a un public tout juste bon a payer les impots qui financent la plupart de leurs recherches. Les apporteurs de fonds pour la recherche en sante publique commencent a appeler au changement et a developper des politiques de partage des donnees. Cependant, lis n&apos;ont pas encare trouve de moyens adequats pour aplanir ies obstacles responsables de l&apos;echec de ce partage. II s&apos;agit notamment de structures professionnelles qui recompensent la publication d&apos;une analyse, mais pas celle des donnees, et de flux de financement et d&apos;evolutions de carriere qui continuent de sous-evaluer le travail essentiel de gestion des donnees. II convient aussi de serier les problemes pratiques: ou et comment les donnees doivent-elles etre stockees sur le Iong terme, qui exercera un controle sur les acces et qui paiera pour ces services? Les normes existantes pour les metadonnees doivent etre etendues pour couvrir les donnees relatives a la sante. Ces obstacles sont connus depuis un certain temps ;la plupart d&apos;entre eux peuvent etre surmontes dans le domaine de la sante publique tout comme lis l&apos;ont ete dans d&apos;autres secteurs. Neanmoins, aucune institution n&apos;a pris la direction des operations pour definir un plan de travail et repartir les taches et la facture. Dans cet article destine a une table ronde, naus proposons des objectifs pour le partage des donnees et un plan de travail pour les atteindre et naus sollicitons des reponses pour aller au-dela de plans de partage des donnees bien intentionnes, mais largement utopistes. Los epidemiologos e investigadores en salud publica estan avanzando muy lentamente en la revolucion dei intercambio de datas, y ademas los organismos que mantienen las bases de datas mundiales sobre salud se muestran reacios a compartir su informacion. Una vez realizadas las inversiones en infraestructuras, la reutilizacion y combinacion de datas brindan acceso a un maximo de conocimientos con un costa adicional minimo. Al negarse a compartir los datas, los investigadores estan frenando los progresos hacia la reduccion de la morbilidad y la mortalidad y estan negando un bien publico a contribuyentes que apoyan la mayor parte de las investigaciones. Los agentes de financiacion de las investigaciones en salud publica estan empezando a exigir cambias y a elaborar politicas de intercambio de datas. Sin embargo, aun no estan abordando adecuadamente los obstaculos que impiden compartir esos datas. Entre ellos cabe citar unas estructuras profesionales que recompensan la publicacion de analisis, pero no de datas, y unas fuentes de financiacion y unas perspectivas de carrera que siguen sin reconocer el caracter crucial de la gestion de datas. Es preciso esclarecer tambien algunos aspectos practicos: como y donde deben conservarse los datas a largo plazo, quien controlara el acceso y quien pagara esos servicios. Las normas existentes sobre metadatos deben ampliarse para poder manejar los datas sanitarios. Estas dificultades son conocidas desde hace ya algun tiempo, pero la mayoria pueden ser superadas en el campo de la salud publica ai igual que han sido superadas en otros campos. Sin embargo, ninguna institucion ha tomado la iniciativa para definir un plan de trabajo y repartirse las tareas y los costas asociados. En este articulo de la mesa redonda proponemos metas para el intercambio de datas y un plan de trabajo para su consecucion, y alentamos a los encuestados a trazar algo mas que unos planes de intercambio de datas bienintencionados peta demasiado ambiciosos. Une traducion en francais de ce resume figure a, la fin de l&apos;article. Al final del articulo se facilita una traduccion al espanol. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], Introduction As they prepare for careers in science, today's students doubtless hear the same cliches as we did a generation ago: science advances collaboratively; we reproduce and extend the work [...]

The purpose of this article is twofold. The first objective is to update the traditional craft of education by revising the folk theory of mind that underpins such traditions. This [...]

Just like the 'moral panics' highlighted by Stan Cohen and others, supposed policy 'crises' often disappear upon closer examination. Looking carefully at definitions, using the best quality data available and [...]

We present a novel methodology for identifying public knowledge and eliminating the biases it creates when aggregating information in small group settings. A two-stage mechanism consisting of an information market and a coordination game is used to reveal and adjust for individuals' public information. A nonlinear aggregation of their decisions then allows for the calculation of the probability of the future outcome of an uncertain event, which can then be compared to both the objective probability of its occurrence and the performance of the market as a whole. Experiments show that this nonlinear aggregation mechanism outperforms both the imperfect market and the best of the participants. Key words: game theory; experimental economics; information aggregation; markets; scoring rules; forecasting, Introduction Predicting the future outcomes of uncertain situations is an important problem for individuals and organizations. As a result, large resources are devoted to producing reliable forecasts of technology trends, [...]

Harmony among three vectors - customer interaction, asset sourcing, and knowledge leverage - and a strong IT platform form the strategy and structure of a business model for the knowledge [...]