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In today's "knowledge society," education is understood as highly instrumentally valuable, and institutional theorists have highlighted its immense cultural importance. What escapes commentary is the nearly universal moral reverence with which education is held. Since families are increasingly expected to participate in children's schooling, a family's moral virtue is partially established through offspring's school success. I explore this using in-depth interviews with two American populations on the margin of college-going: beginning community college students and adult undergraduates. I discuss how respondents present support for education as evidence of caretakers' status as loving and responsible parents. I then elaborate on how families create moral worthiness in relation to familial educational trajectories. I locate three narratives—maintaining the tradition, the rising family, and educational redemption. What narrative families deploy seems related to their location in social space, and each tacitly reflects the deep moral valuation of education that pervades modern culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion There are discrepancies between guidelines of scientific societies and information of the package inserts of contrast media concerning breastfeeding following the application of a contrast agent to the mother.The contents of different review articles reflect the opinion of scientific societies. Consequently, in clinical routine settings it is difficult to find the optimal advice for a breastfeeding woman and her baby.Therefore, the paper carefully summarized important information dealing with the topic ‘breastfeeding and contrast media’ from the literature. Among other things, the paper focuses on topics that are not yet taken into account in other reviews (e.g. approval for breastfeeding women, contrast agents that have been analysed in human breast milk).In this way, the review shows new aspects. It has been revealed that data concerning the amount of contrast agents in human breast milk as well as contrast medium absorption by the infants' intestine are sparse. Instead of them, a lot of speculations and incorrect conclusions do exist in the literature. Because studies are rare or missing, contrast media are not approved for breastfeeding women (off‐label‐use).Although breastfeeding women 100% prefers a break from breastfeeding, in current decision‐making processes, their preference plays a minor role. However, this should change in the future. In addition, it would be very important to inform breastfeeding women in the future about the missing data concerning ‘breastfeeding and contrast media’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the legal and ethical aspects of a person's responsibility related to the use of the Internet as a means of mass information. It is noted that psychotraumatization by war has become an everyday part of modern life, the media space has changed, which can become a powerful stressor and lead to media trauma of the population and a gradual decrease in the level of its psychological stability. In order to counteract dangerous influences on the Internet, the socialization of the population must be transformed, ensuring stress resistance and mental health of citizens through increasing legal and media literacy. It is noted that a modern person is not only a consumer of content, but also its author, that is, he can freely collect, store, use and distribute information orally, in writing or in another way - as he chooses. However, such information must be disseminated in compliance with the legal norms regarding its authenticity and must not tarnish the honor, dignity and business reputation of other persons, their mental health, i.e. everyone must be aware of their social responsibility for publicizing sensitive information for society. The article describes various types of offenses, such as: cybercrime, phishing, inciting enmity, spreading false information, insult and defamation, copyright infringement, breach of privacy, misuse of Internet resources, spam and unsolicited messages. The features of civil, administrative and criminal liability for the listed offenses are characterized. Also, the article states that persons who distribute illegal content may be held liable. Web resources and their officials can be held responsible only if they ignored the demands of the rights holders to stop copyright infringement or ignored content that is illegal in itself. The article demonstrates that every user must be aware that his actions can have real consequences for himself and other people. It is noted that it is important to adhere to ethical standards, including respect for the privacy of others, credibility and responsibility for the information that is published. Compliance with legal norms and ethical principles is the basis of safe and responsible use of the Internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy aging often entails a decline in cognitive and motor functions, affecting independence and quality of life in older adults. Brain stimulation shows potential to enhance these functions, but studies show variable effects. Previous studies have tried to identify responders and non-responders through correlations between behavioral change and baseline parameters, but results lack generalization to independent cohorts. We propose a method to predict an individual's likelihood of benefiting from stimulation, based on baseline performance of a sequential motor task. Our results show that individuals with less efficient learning mechanisms benefit from stimulation, while those with optimal learning strategies experience none or even detrimental effects. This differential effect, first identified in a public dataset and replicated here in an independent cohort, was linked to one's ability to integrate task-relevant information and not age. This study constitutes a further step towards personalized clinical-translational interventions based on brain stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion This study investigates the effects of paternal involvement on the frequency of gender‐incongruent activities in children's play at age 2.Recent research suggests that paternal involvement is associated with more gender egalitarian attitudes in children and a more egalitarian distribution of housework tasks between sons and daughters. Although previous studies have tested the effects of paternal involvement on teenage children, the process of internalization of gender norms and roles in early childhood has not yet been investigated.Analyses are based on the French Elfe cohort with information at age 2 for 11,564 children born in 2011. Multivariate linear and multinomial logistic regression models were run separately for sons and daughters.Paternal involvement in early childhood was associated with more frequent gender‐incongruent activities in boys' but not in girls' play at age 2. The effect of paternal involvement further varied depending on the type of involvement: involvement in housework tasks and childcare was associated with more gender‐incongruent activities for sons but paternal participation in children's play increased the frequency of activities gender‐typed as masculine, independently of the child's sex.Paternal involvement in housework and childcare in early childhood shapes gender‐typed activities in toddlers' play for sons but not for daughters. It contributes to “undoing gender” in play activities for boys and, in doing so, narrows the gender gap in children's play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society is experiencing a global shift in which older people now outnumber children five years and younger in many countries. This demographic aging has profound implications for library and information professionals, and yet research into the information needs of older adults – especially from diverse backgrounds – remains underdeveloped. This study seeks to help address this gap by studying the aging-related information needs and barriers of LGBT+ older adults. Interviews with 25 LGBT+ older adults in East Tennessee were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify five need (e.g., culturally competent care, LGBT+ specific services, social support, planning, and caregiver services) and seven barrier (e.g., stigma, discrimination, fewer personal resources, identity concealment, staff limitations, personality, ageism and elder abuse) themes. Beyond the aging focus, the study brings attention to the need for more research on intersectional populations in general and offers one of the first – perhaps only – studies of the information needs of LGBT+ older adults. It also presents a challenge to librarians and other information professionals in considering how to fight inequities for intersectional populations. Future research will consider how to meet needs and address the barriers LGBT+ older adults face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the theoretical and legal foundations of the information society. The research used general scientific (systemic-structural, functional, axiological) and special research methods (formal-legal, analysis of legal texts, comparative-legal). The purpose of the article is to study the legal foundations of the information society from the standpoint of constitutional and information law. The topicality of the topic determined by the development of the information society in the context of European integration. It noted that the peculiarity of the mechanism of legal regulation in the information society is due to the influence of constitutional law. Norms of information law exert a regulatory influence on social relations in a different way: in the form of establishing legal principles, regimes, values, prohibitions and permissions. The legal foundations of the information society in Ukraine are legal norms that are important for regulating interrelated and interdependent relations in various spheres of social life, which are in a state of constant development and transformation due to the role of information and knowledge. The Constitution of Ukraine is the basis for the development of effective and efficient sectoral legal regulation of the information society. A comparison of civil and information society is given. It indicated that the unity of the civil and information society manifested in the coincidence of goals and tasks. The process of formation of a civil and information society proceeds simultaneously, which reflected in the legal foundations of these societies. The norms of the current information legislation need to clarify because they do not fully correspond to the European guidelines for the regulation of public relations in the information society. The change in the social structure of life, due to the development of the information society, requires constant improvement of legal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to present the perceptions of Poles from Lviv regarding the aid involvement of Christian churches during Russia's war against Ukraine. Christian churches appear privileged and effective sites of aid delivery in the narratives of respondents. However, this does not mean that they have a monopoly on aid activities. The foundation that underpins these activities is particularly evident in the categories highlighted in this article: the role of clergy in local communities (leaders), personal knowledge of society, church infrastructure, and the churches' experience gained during the USSR's persecution of religion. The assistance identified by respondents boils down to material and emotional support, experiencing religious practices, and involvement in direct activity on the war front. The research was based on individual in-depth interviews (IDIs), conducted in December 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a unified platform for sensing and communication is especially relevant in environments with inadequate infrastructure. In this paper, a multi-UAV system is constructed for dynamic data collection in a resource-constrained environment. The devised approach involves the implementation of an access platform referred to as the Access UAV (A_UAV). This A_UAV orchestrates the data collection process from Inspection-UAVs (I_UAVs), each equipped with a visual sensor, facilitating the relay of collected data to the cloud. Our approach jointly considers the trajectory scheduling of A_UAV and I_UAV to collect data from specific points in a decentralized manner. Specifically, a Deep Reinforcement Learning framework utilizing an actor-critic network is formulated for A_UAV, aiming to generate an equitable access schedule for I_UAVs. Moreover, trajectory scheduling of A_UAV ensures dynamic data collection while minimizing total system energy and the Age of Information (AoI) of data arriving from I_UAVs. The simulation results validate the performance of our proposed approach against several baselines under different parameter settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the human resources of public libraries in Pakistan. It was observed that LIS professionals administered most libraries; nevertheless, a sizable number of libraries were managed by personnel with no professional background. There needed to be more staff in public libraries, including LIS, IT, and nonprofessional staff. In the information age and global economy, our libraries fall short of preparing the population for the future, let alone the present. The concerned authorities should enhance the library's workforce; professionals should administer the library to offer better services and IT experts should be hired to solve IT related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excavations at the site of QA 21 near the village of ʿAyn Banī Saʿdah in the Qumayrā microregion yielded new information on Iron Age (IA) II settlement in the Hajjar mountains. Located halfway between the modern towns of Yanqul and Buraymī, in an area with little‐known Iron Age occupation, QA 21 is a c. 2 ha open site scattered with the remains of numerous buildings. The pottery found on the surface is largely of IA II date even though some of the structures can date from a later, possibly Late Islamic period. Excavations of a large IA II house provided a rich and well‐stratified collection of pottery, some stone tools and marine shells. Analysis of the finds' distribution and the building's construction details revealed functional differences between certain areas of the house. The entire structure can be interpreted as a large village household with domestic, storage and food‐processing areas. The provenance of the ceramic assemblage associated with this household is both regional and local, as indicated by geochemical analysis of the pottery, suggesting that the settlement participated in regional exchange networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Random access plays a critical role in massive machine type communication networks that consist of a myriad number of heterogeneous Internet of Things devices to meet the demand of applications in a large geographical area. In this paper, we propose using packet length alignment for framed slotted Aloha, where packets are assigned chunks of time slots according to the packet lengths generated by the devices. The packet length-dependent alignment ensures that the collision windows are relatively small, whereas the devices with varying packet lengths view the frame partitioned into chunks of time slots differently. In this paper, packet length alignment is used in combination with packet squeezing to enhance the throughput in framed slotted Aloha. Furthermore, the age of information (AoI) can be easily included in the proposed approach to emphasize the importance of data freshness. In the performance evaluation, the analytical model of the proposed packet length alignment along with packet squeezing demonstrate that the throughput of framed slotted Aloha in the context of massive machine type communications in 5G can reach up to 0.9. A simplified AoI model can be easily implemented with the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's rapidly evolving society, the establishment of a learning society is paramount. The lifelong education system (LLES) plays a crucial role in enriching individuals' intellectual and emotional landscapes, fostering continuous growth, and instilling the habit of lifelong learning. However, traditional lifelong education systems often have limitations regarding accessibility, openness, and resource‐sharing, limiting opportunities for lifelong learning and dampening enthusiasm for it. To address these limitations, it is hypothesized that integrating information technology, specifically vector analysis algorithms, into lifelong education systems can revolutionize the learning experience (LE). By leveraging the power of the internet and advanced algorithms, it is expected that a new LLES can offer a superior online learning environment, enriched resources, and intelligent data analysis capabilities, thereby facilitating more effective lifelong learning. The methodology involves the development and implementation of an information age service based on vector analysis algorithms within the lifelong education framework. This study aims to provide learners with enhanced access to high‐quality online learning resources while offering intelligent data analysis to optimize learning pathways. With the continuous development of Internet technology, information technology has been applied to various fields. Information age services (IAS) based on vector analysis algorithms (VAAs) will be combined with LLES. Technology will be utilized to the maximum to provide lifelong learners with a high‐quality online learning environment, online learning resources, and intelligent data analysis to help learners better conduct lifelong learning. Experimental results comparing the new LLES with traditional approaches demonstrated significant improvements. The new system enhanced the matching of teaching materials by 31.8%, offered a wider and more convenient learning path, and provided access to a greater variety of teaching resources. Moreover, learners using the new system exhibited an average learning increase of 7%. The integration of IAS based on VAAs into lifelong education represents a substantial advancement. This innovative approach offers superior teaching resources, educational methods, and learning opportunities, empowering individuals to embrace and sustain lifelong learning journeys more effectively in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fake news detection is growing in importance as a key topic in the information age. However, most current methods rely on pre-trained small language models (SLMs), which face significant limitations in processing news content that requires specialized knowledge, thereby constraining the efficiency of fake news detection. To address these limitations, we propose the FND-LLM Framework, which effectively combines SLMs and LLMs to enhance their complementary strengths and explore the capabilities of LLMs in multimodal fake news detection. The FND-LLM framework integrates the textual feature branch, the visual semantic branch, the visual tampering branch, the co-attention network, the cross-modal feature branch and the large language model branch. The textual feature branch and visual semantic branch are responsible for extracting the textual and visual information of the news content, respectively, while the co-attention network is used to refine the interrelationship between the textual and visual information. The visual tampering branch is responsible for extracting news image tampering features. The cross-modal feature branch enhances inter-modal complementarity through the CLIP model, while the large language model branch utilizes the inference capability of LLMs to provide auxiliary explanation for the detection process. Our experimental results indicate that the FND-LLM framework outperforms existing models, achieving improvements of 0.7%, 6.8% and 1.3% improvements in overall accuracy on Weibo, Gossipcop, and Politifact, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithms play a significant role in shaping our experiences of interacting with intelligent information systems but also inherit and amplify data biases, potentially leading to unfair decisions or discriminatory outcomes. This motivates us to investigate users' algorithm literacy, which covers the awareness and knowledge of algorithms and the skills to intervene in the operations of personalization algorithms when interacting with recommendation systems. Since vulnerable groups are more likely to suffer from the negative consequences of algorithmic decision‐making, investigating algorithm literacy among such groups is critical. This study aims to examine older adults' algorithm literacy, who are often considered a vulnerable group and labeled as digital laggards in contemporary information society. The empirical evidence collected from 21 participants in in‐depth interviews and cognitive mapping studies demonstrated that almost all participants are algorithm‐aware to some extent and identified (1) three types of information and sources collected by algorithms in user understanding, (2) two paradigms of how respondents understand personalized recommendations, and (3) two sets of strategies they develop to employ algorithms for improving user experience. The findings shed light on designing human‐centered intelligent information systems for unbiased personalization and developing a more inclusive AI‐assisted society that equally benefits people of all ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Techniques for the preparation of grafts for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) can be classified into those that involve the manual dissection of the Descemet membrane (DM) and those that use an injection of a liquid or a gas to achieve a separation of the DM from the posterior corneal stroma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the liquid bubble technique. Methods: The success rate of the technique was calculated retrospectively using the operating reports. Video files for each graft preparation were retrieved and the time, number of injections, and number of injections sites required for the hydrodissection were measured. The number of cases in which a manual dissection of the Descemet membrane was necessary was recorded. Information on donor age and graft preservation time were retrieved from the eye bank file. Results: In 58 cases, the success rate was 98.3%. In the 28 procedures where a video was available, the median time for hydrodissection was 4.4 min. The median number of injection sites was 2, with a median number of injections of 3.5. Manual dissection as a rescue technique was performed in 25% of cases, with one case resulting in graft tears. The mean graft diameter was 7.6 mm. The mean donor age was 66 years, and the mean graft storage time was 22 days. Conclusions: The liquid bubble technique can be a fast and valuable choice for DMEK graft preparation, especially in centers where the tissue is prepared in the operating theater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of education level and the expansion of higher education, more students can have the opportunities to obtain better education, and the pressure of employment competition is also increasing. How to improve students' employment competitiveness, comprehensive quality and the ability to explore paths for career planning and employment strategies has become a common concern in today's society. Under the background of today's informatization, the paths of career planning and employment strategies are becoming more and more informatized. The support of Internet is essential for obtaining more employment information. As a representative product of the information age, deep learning provides people with a better path. This paper conducts an in-depth study of the career planning and employment strategy paths based on deep learning in the information age. Research has shown that in the current information age, deep learning through career planning and employment strategy paths can help students solve the main problems they face in career planning education and better meet the needs of today's society. Career awareness increased by 35% and self-improvement by 15%. This indicated that in the information age, career planning and employment strategies based on deep learning are a way to conform to the trend of the times, which can better help college students improve their understanding, promote employment, and promote self-development.This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, collects data through questionnaires, and uses deep learning model for analysis. Control group and experimental group were set up to evaluate the effect of career planning education. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid expansion of the knowledge society, due mainly to the ubiquity and access of information and communication technology (ICT), places a professional demand on teachers to acquire relevant knowledge to make use of technology in their classrooms. Thus, for teachers to effectively integrate ICT into their teaching repertoire, they must transform their pedagogical practices. In this regard, the quality of pre-service and in-service training is pivotal in preparing teachers for effective technology integration. Utilising a case study approach and Activity Theory principles as a theoretical lens, this study set out to explore the influence of ICT as a tool of instruction on the classroom practice of in-service teachers in Rwanda. Qualitative methods were employed to capture data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data was analysed using content analysis to understand in-service teachers' constructions about learning through ICT and how it influenced their classroom practice. The investigation of the influence of ICT as an instructional tool to in-service teachers yielded unique patterns of their ICT learning-teaching experiences. The findings were two-fold. First, the ICT learning experiences of the in-service teachers changed their perspective towards teaching and learning with ICT in their own classrooms. Second, the teacher participants vicariously mirrored their lecturers' use of ICT in their own classroom practice. This unintended experience created affordances for the in-service teacher trainees to not only learn 'about' ICT, but significantly 'how to teach' pedagogically with ICT. It is crucial for teacher trainees to experience the same type of learning environments they are expected to create in their own classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with increased health awareness and the advent of the information age, online health popular science information (OHPSI) has received more attention. However, it is unknown how the lots of online health information influences users to change unhealthy behavioral habits. Therefore, based on the psychological distance perspective, our research investigated the effect of viewing online health information on users' willingness to change their health behaviors in the future. In addition, this study also introduced the protection motivation theory to further investigate the mediating effect of protection motivation in the mechanisms of psychological distance in online health information. The data of the study were obtained by the research method of questionnaire survey and the proposed hypotheses were validated using Smartpls software. 87.28% of the respondents in this study's survey sample were aged 18–40 years old, and people in this age group have higher pressure from study and work, and live a fast-paced life with less free time, which makes them more likely to pay attention to OHPSI to improve their health. Therefore, the age group of the sample of this study is in line with the research purpose of this paper, which is conducive to enhancing the authenticity and reliability of the conclusions of this study. The conclusions of the study showed that the temporal, social, hypothetical and experiential distances in psychological distance can positively influence users' self-protection motivation. And protection motivation has a positive effect on users' willingness to change health behaviors. In addition, protection motivation can completely mediate the influence of psychological distance on users' willingness to change health behaviors after viewing online health information. The research not only expands the scope of application of construal level theory and protection motivation theory, but also has significant impact for creators of OHPSI and public health departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses innovations in society, globalization and the role of the educator in forming citizens is a role that increasingly deserves the improvement of knowledge and the humanized and critical vision of those who teach. In the last two centuries, education has been characterized by Newtonian-Cartesian thinking that defined the reproduction and fragmentation of knowledge. The advent of the knowledge society and the facilities gained by the computerized network lead to the search for methodologies that meet an emerging paradigm. It was concluded that it is necessary for teaching professionals to use dynamic activities in their classes, which explore the best of students, due to the heterogeneity of schools, this allows the construction of new proposals, as there are different subjects in which Everyone has their own aptitude and the professional can work across these differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surge in the intelligent information age has led to a growing need for enhanced computing power in smart mobile devices. However, the accompanying increase in computing power brings about a significant challenge — high power consumption. This poses a notable hurdle for mobile devices that prioritize sustainability performance. Effectively addressing power consumption estimation is crucial for overcoming this sustainability issue. In this paper, we propose using a branching parallel neural networks (BPNS) that consists of FCNN-LSTM and a attention mechanism to estimate the power consumption of a device. In addition, a data stabilization module is incorporated into the framework to improve the power estimation accuracy. We implement and assess the performance of BPNS for online estimation across diverse smart mobile devices, conducting a comparative analysis with commonly used neural networks. Notably, our approach achieves a deviation of 0.28W, 0.65W and 0.76W for online estimation on three smart mobile devices, and outperforms other methods in terms of estimation accuracy and computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forms and manifestations of power have varied from one era to another. Military power dominated in the agricultural society era, while economic power began to grow, becoming the most prominent form of power during the transition to industrial society. With the information age, soft power -represented by culture, values, and ideology - has become one of the most important elements of power in international relations, alongside military and economic power. This study examines theoretical trends in interpreting soft power in international relations and its impact on the international system, where interpretations have varied among realism, liberalism, critical theories, and other perspectives that provide multiple explanations of soft power, despite differences in how the concept is approached from one perspective to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental knowledge networks (EKNs) link research collaborators in a common purpose to produce data and knowledge to better understand social-ecological phenomena and address environmental challenges. Over recent years, as scientists have grappled with how to produce data and actionable knowledge for conservation and sustainability, more EKNs have been established. Although each network is founded for its own purposes and maintains its own goals and ways of operating, these networks are generally managed by scientists to produce knowledge to advance science and decision making. In this Insight article, we articulate key qualities and benefits of EKNs and shows how EKNs can address grand challenges that cannot be answered by a single team or institution, create a diverse, vibrant culture of science and community of practice, and provide innovative solutions and knowledge to society. We also discuss challenges of EKN governance, and how challenges may vary with a network's development. Finally, based on a synthesis of structured discussions about key issues in EKN management, we share recommendations and best practices, emphasizing management practices that are inclusive, reflexive, adaptive, and flexible, so that others may benefit from our experience leading EKNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information security holds paramount importance in the contemporary information society. Here, a novel cryptography method is proposed based on the multi‐wavelength complex‐amplitude metasurface, which can achieve a high security level by generating a frequency‐selective key as an additional layer of protection. Moreover, the quality of the decrypted holographic images can be significantly improved by employing the complex‐amplitude encoding method and the modified visual secret sharing scheme, which adopts a new superposition operator to prevent fidelity loss. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a prototype metasurface sample is designed, fabricated, and characterized, where the measured results agree very well with the numerical ones and the design goals. The proposed method can reinforce security level and improve fidelity of the decrypted message, rendering it appealing for applications in communication and anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the information age, the need for high-resolution reconnaissance and surveillance is becoming more and more urgent. It is necessary to develop photoelectric pods with a high-precision stabilization function, which isolate the influence of external disturbance and realize the tracking of maneuvering targets. In this paper, the internal frame stabilization loop control technique is studied. Firstly, the mathematical models of the current loop are established. Secondly, the friction model, parametric model, and mechanical resonance model of the system are identified. Finally, a fourth-order tracking differentiator and a fifth-order extended state observer are designed. Through simulation verification, the stability performance of HO-ADRC, increasing by 145.17%, is better than that of PID. In terms of disturbance suppression and noise removal ability, HO-ADRC is also better than PID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to identify the role of knowledge management in enhancing the effectiveness of digital transformation by applying it to workers in scientific libraries at Mansoura University, which represents one of the tributaries of knowledge societies to achieve sustainable development goals. Consideration to the small size of the research community. a comprehensive inventory approach was relied upon, not a sampling method. The response rate was 82.55% with 123 items, namely an acceptable percentage in social research, and some appropriate statistical methods available in the Statistical Program Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Ver. 26) were used. The research reached a number of results. The most important of which is the existence of a positive moral correlation between the variables and dimensions of the research. and the presence of a significant influence for the dimensions of knowledge management (Knowledge sharing - knowledge application) on the dimensions of digital transformation (value generation - agile operating). and the knowledge sharing dimension ranked first in this impact. While the knowledge-sharing dimension and the knowledge application dimension individually influenced both the digital leadership dimension and implementation of business strategy digitally dimension. and the knowledge storage dimension did not affect any of the four dimensions of digital transformation. Finally, some practical and scientific recommendations were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The need for classification systems for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is population-specific is important towards understanding the clinical disease and diagnostics associated with the disease. This paper presents the form and validation results of this classification system. Method: The survey data used was captured from 778 participants, 526 persons with no prior CVD, and 252 who reported prior CVD. Binomial logistic regression and Discriminant analysis were utilised to develop classification models. This classification system provided a general measure of severity of disease by utilising scores estimated from two algorithms developed from 13 routine physiologic measurements, along with demographic information of age and ethnicity, inter alia, and previous health status. Results: For each model, specific score ranges were identified, which gave the best classification for those with a prior CVD incident (higher scores) and for others labelled as non-CVD (lower scores). The two classification models (Logistic Regression Model and Discriminant Analysis Model) developed had high area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) values (98% & 99%) and sensitivity (86 and 90%), which improved discrimination between Non-CVD and CVD participants and, more importantly, correctly classified a greater proportion of CVD participants. New to this type of research was the estimation and detailed evaluation of a range of scores, labelled non-differentiating, which fell in the middle of the spectrum and which contained the higher-end scores for the non-CVD individuals and the lower-end scores for CVD patients, all of whom were incorrectly classified, based on their prior history. Conclusion: The classification system of scores is able to differentiate the CVD status of individuals, with good predictability, and could assist physicians with recommending different treatment plans. The two models in this classification system each individually outperformed the three established models in terms of the strength of their correct classifications of individuals with or without prior reported CVD incidents. More importantly, they have smaller non-differentiating ranges than the three known models and, in that range, the two new models have lower CVD/non-CVD ratios suggesting they are more likely to misclassify non-CVD individuals compared to CVD patients, which is a more benign misclassification. Further, when used in combination, the two models increased the sensitivity, in classifying individuals of different ethnicities, beyond that of either one used independently or of any of the three standard European/North American models. These efforts will be instrumental in advancing personalised CVD management strategies and improving health outcomes across diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary knowledge society, research production is being repurposed in terms of not just its academic value, but also its wider societal value. As such, doctoral research ought to be produced in the context of application. Therefore, universities have a responsibility to enhance the uptake and use of doctoral research outputs. This necessitates institutional mechanisms for enhancing the production of doctoral research outputs for uptake and use beyond academia. We examined the institutional mechanisms for enhancing production of doctoral research outputs at Makerere University using the research knowledge infrastructure (RKI) framework as the analytical lens. This was in light of the dismal uptake and use of research produced at Makerere University by students and staff. We used qualitative single case study research design. We collected data through interviewing and review of documents. We interviewed 10 doctoral program coordinators, three managers of research and graduate training and 13 PhD students we selected purposively. We reviewed seven institutional documents pertaining graduate training at Makerere University: two plans, three policies, one framework and one guideline. We used thematic data analysis to make sense of the data. The findings revealed that due to policypractice gaps and funding constraints, mechanisms to enhance doctoral research production to facilitate uptake and use of doctoral research outputs beyond the academia were not adequately integrated into doctoral research training. This was shown by the lack of mechanisms to enhance doctoral research commissioning and execution, and gaps in priority setting. Opportunities for productive interactions between doctoral researchers and potential users were missed. As such, doctoral research outputs largely remained within the scholarly community. We recommend that the university should establish interface structures and co-creation spaces to leverage doctoral research commissioning, execution and priority setting to facilitate the uptake and use of doctoral research outputs beyond the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the fact that artificial intelligence technologies are rapidly developing and have enormous potential, which can be successfully used for the benefit of humanity, but at the same time they pose many new challenges in conditions of social and ethical and legal uncertainty and pose a number of ethical questions regarding the future way of life of human society and ways, which will be followed by its further development. The article emphasizes that artificial intelligence has the potential to change the future of humanity for the better, however, artificial intelligent systems are inherently not neutral and are characterized by inherent bias, which is due to the initial data used in their “training”. Due to the magnitude of the social consequences of artificial intelligence technologies, many countries are now concerned about the ethical aspects of its use. In order to identify possible scenarios and use the potential of artificial intelligence to realize development opportunities while maintaining risk control, it is important to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the social changes caused by the increasingly expanding use of intelligent systems. It is concluded that the problems of using artificial intelligence must be considered through the prism of analyzing the social essence of a person, modern socio-cultural reality, humanistic goals and values of modern society. Any achievements in the field of artificial intelligence make sense only if they correspond to truly human values. To date, the absence of internationally approved ethical and legal norms and standards related to the application of developments and innovations in the field of artificial intelligence indicates the need for active and focused work of the Russian research community in this area.

Online shopping has grown exponentially in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in recent years. This growth has significantly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data shows that there are inter-regional disparities in the use of online shopping. This includes intergenerational and rural-urban disparities. This study investigates the factors responsible for inter-regional differences in the development of online shopping in Russia. The author has identified 5 main factors that can influence the development: internet infrastructure (measured by regional expenses for the introduction of digital technologies and the number of connected mobile subscribers), economic wealth (measured by gross regional product), standard of living (measured by the population income), rate of poverty, and the region’s population. The research uses data of the Federal State Statistics Service and Association of Internet Trade Companies to analyse 85 regions in the RF. A multi-level regression analysis has enabled examination of the 5 factors and the contextual influence of 8 federal districts of Russia in level 2. The results show that internet infrastructure, economic wealth, population size, and the 8 federal districts has influenced the development of online shopping in the RF, but standard of living is not statistically significant. The author recommends that policymakers pay attention to these underlying factors.

Purpose: to consider certain issues related to ensuring legal, economic and social development of Russia in the context of digital transformation and the use of artificial intelligence technologies, as well as some problems arising from the application of artificial intelligence technologies in public administration. The article considers legal problems related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of public administration. Research methods: the work is carried out using the methods of dialectics and system analysis, allowing for a comprehensive study of digitalization processes both at the federal level and at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as within the unified system of public power. Results: the work highlights priority tasks for the formation of effective legal mechanisms to support and develop the data economy, including data collection and transmission, communication systems development, ensuring technological sovereignty of infrastructure for computing and data storage within the country (national cloud platforms, etc.), developing national standards and protocols for working with data, including those related to the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The paper substantiates their role in the development of multilateral relations in the transition to multipolarity, especially within the framework of regional associations, as well as systemic legal support for the tasks of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, based on the balance of national economic interests and the need to protect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of information systems users.

This article examines the adaptation of marketing to the evolution of the information society and the impact of advanced digital technologies on marketing strategies. In an era dominated by the rapid flow of information, organizations need to adjust their tactics to respond to the needs and behaviors of modern consumers. The author explores the role of data usage and big data analysis, digital marketing and online influencers, as well as personalization and customer experience as key elements in contemporary marketing. Integrating these aspects into marketing strategies can support building stronger customer relationships, achieving greater relevance in the market, and meeting business objectives in a competitive and dynamic environment. The paper provides a comprehensive perspective on current trends and future directions in modern marketing, highlighting the need for continuous adaptation to technological and social changes in the context of an evolving information economy.

The article reveals some features of statehood formation in the Republic of Belarus and the role of culture in this process. We are talking about the difficult historical conditions in which the formation of the state took place, the accumulation of material cultural heritage, spiritual values, folk traditions, customs and rituals. Modern problems of pressure on young people from Western liberal ideology pose a threat to the formation of civil identity in the Republic of Belarus. Updating the role of the traditional cultural heritage of the Belarusian people is becoming an important factor in countering this. The goal of the research is to reveal the features of socio-cultural construction in the Republic at the present stage. The method of socio-historical analysis is used. The special role of the Soviet period of social development has been highlighted, when the cultural life of the country received a new breath. It has also been noted that in the first half of the 21st century, the formation of the Union State, the economic growth and cultural development of the country played a huge role in the formation of a rich material and spiritual heritage, and the education of civic and patriotic personality traits in young people. Material is presented on improving the status of cultural institutions in the republic. As a result, it has been concluded that an important factor in the growth of authority and recognition of the Republic of Belarus in the international arena was its peace-loving policy and stabilization of public life, the adoption of the Constitution, state symbols «anthem, coat of arms and flag», decisions of the People’s Assembly, Presidential decrees and government regulations.

Education is an indicator of global transformations taking place in the world and a source of social progress. The relevance of the research is due to the emerging scientific contradiction, which requires resolution, between the active process of digitalization of all spheres of human life and the potential capabilities of the educational institution to effectively implement digital services in the educational process. The problem of the research is to find an answer to the question: what are the main vectors of digitalization of education in modern conditions as a cultural value? The goal of the research is to reveal key directions of digitalization of education as basic guidelines for its quality in modern conditions. The research methods used are analysis, deduction, generalization, survey.The Research results: the dominant directions of the digitalization process of modern education have been revealed and the key trends in the digital transformation of education have been identified; the range of ICT within the framework of academic disciplines in universities in physical education and sports has been argued; factors that impede the spread of digital educational technologies have been systematized.Key conclusions: the dominant directions of the process of digitalization of education are introduction of digital programs for monitoring student progress, transfer of information, development of online learning, systems for universal student identification, design of digital models of educational institutions. ICT used in physical education and sports classes are an interactive whiteboard, a multimedia projector, electronic textbooks, preparation and demonstration of videos of the training process, etc. Factors hindering the spread of digital educational technologies are the demand for the development of special teaching materials for methodological support of the use of digital resources in the educational process; teachers’ conservatism towards digital innovations, etc.

This study considers a wide range of services provided by the largest Russian and foreign to their users. The authors used the quantitative content analysis method. In this study library was considered as source of reliable information in comparison to Internet resources. The authors studied modern services that have become popular with the emergence of digital forms for verifying information. In this way, libraries seek to create an optimal approach to implement cognitive, memorial, and educational functions within their direct activities. Library has a clear opportunity to provide its users with a range of necessary services and it can become one of the key actors in providing reliable information.

The Milky Way is a mosaic of stars from different origins. In particular, metal-poor accreted star candidates offer a unique opportunity to better understand the accretion history of the Milky Way. In this work, we aim to explore the assembly history of the Milky Way by investigating accreted stars in terms of their ages, dynamical properties, and chemical abundances. We also aim to better characterize the impact of incorporating asteroseismic information on age and chemical abundance calculations of metal-poor accreted stars for which TESS data are available. In this study, we conducted an in-depth examination of 30 metal-poor accreted star candidates using TESS and Gaia data as well as MIKE spectra. We find satisfactory agreement between seismic surface gravity (log ɡ) values and values obtained using spectroscopy, demonstrating the reliability of spectroscopic data produced by our methodology. We find that while age determination is highly dependent on the log g and asteroseismic information used, the overall chemical abundance distributions are similar for different log ɡ. However, we find that calcium (Ca) abundances are more sensitive to the adopted log ɡ. Our study reveals that the majority of our stars have properties that are compatible with those reported for the Gai'a-Sausage-Enceladus, with a minority of stars that might be associated with Splash. We find an age distribution with a median of 11.3−4.1+1.3 Gyr when including asteroseismic information. Regarding some key chemical signatures, we note that these stars are metal poor ([Fe/H]) < −0.8), α rich ([α]/Fe] > 0.2), and copper poor ([Cu/Fe] < 0), with chemical abundances typical of accreted stars. These findings illustrate the importance of multidimensional analyses in unraveling the complex accretion history of the Milky Way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information age, digital information technology has gradually become a new quality of productivity to improve international competitiveness, and the status and importance of the pseudo human settlements(PHS) constructed by digital and information has been increasing in the human settlements(HS) system. In this context, exploring the coupling coordination of the internal systems of the PHS provides a theoretical basis for promoting the comprehensive improvement of the quality of the HS in the urban agglomerations, provides a theoretical reference for rationally interpreting the new type of human-land relationship in the information age, and provide a new perspective for the study of the human settlements geography. Currently, research on PHS is in its nascent stages, therefore, we construct a theoretical framework for the coupling coordination of the "three states" of the HS, takes the internal system of PHS as the entry point, empirically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the PHS coupling coordination degree within urban agglomerations in eastern China and the driving factors by using the coupling coordination degree, spatial autocorrelation, the center of gravity and the ellipse of the standard deviation, and geo-detector models. Research shows: (1) Time course: exhibits an upward "inverted L" trend. (2) Spatial pattern: exhibits a general spatial pattern of "high in the north and low in the south". (3) Spatial correlation: shows a spatially positively correlated clustering trend. (4) Spatial evolution: demonstrates a decentralized pattern of migration from the northeast to the southwest, indicating that the coupling coordination grows faster in the southwest than in the northeast. (5) Driving factor: the development of coupling coordination degree of PHS results from multiple factors and systems. This research provides theoretical support for promoting the comprehensive improvement of the quality of PHS in the urban agglomerations in eastern China, and offers scientific reference for the construction of PHS in other regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers how a formative approach to pedagogy might intervene in the conditions of higher education teaching practices, discourses, and organisational priorities today. While the higher education sector is resolutely turned towards the accumulation of skills or ‘content’ to produce a credentialed job-ready graduate, we do these graduates a disservice if how we educate fails to take account of their formation as persons, citizens, workers, neighbours, and indeed as graduates. This is a focus on what education philosopher Gert Biesta calls subjectification. Through education’s contribution to the making of populations, the neglect of this formative role of pedagogy has wider significance in the knowledge societies in which universities are operating. We first lodge the mattering of pedagogy within a contemporary moment in which calls to reform capitalism and redress democratic deconsolidation butt up against the fortunes of public knowledge and the consequences of hyper-individualist cultures. We then outline pedagogy as a formative cultural technology and provide examples and discussion from our own classroom practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents' academic performance, which has been found to be closely associated with parental factors, is an important part of adolescents' development. In the current information age, the internet is also profoundly influencing adolescents' academic performance. This study aimed to examine the association between parental autonomy support and adolescents' academic performance, as well as the potential roles of active parental internet mediation and parent–child cohesion in this relationship. A sample of 990 adolescents (47.3% boys) volunteered to participate in this study and complete a set of scales. The results revealed that: (a) parental autonomy support was positively associated with adolescents' academic performance; (b) active parental internet mediation and parent–child cohesion mediated the association between parental autonomy support and academic performance in parallel; and (c) active parental internet mediation and parent–child cohesion were found to play a chain-mediating role in the association between parental autonomy support and adolescents' academic performance. The study demonstrates that positive parenting (including parental autonomy support and active parental internet mediation) and parent–child cohesion improve adolescents' academic performance. The results have value for guiding adolescents to use the internet responsibly and improving their academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative review examines the thematic content and evolution of information literacy textbooks published between 2005 and 2022. Analyzing sixteen textbooks, it explores two themes: the research process and conceptual foundations of information literacy. The research process theme highlights the procedural aspects of conducting library research, delineating the steps from topic selection to presentation. The conceptual foundations of IL theme reveals a discrepancy in how textbooks address the broader conceptual underpinnings of information literacy, particularly the context of a rapidly changing information society. This review highlights the focus on practical skills and the relative lack of discussions on broader contexts in which these skills are applied. The findings suggest a need for textbooks to provide a more comprehensive approach, integrating deeper conceptual understanding and critical awareness of how information systems operate within technological, societal, and political frameworks. This holistic perspective is crucial for preparing learners to navigate contemporary information challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information storage and security are the building blocks of the information age. Optical information storage is a low‐cost, robust, and high‐capacity storage technique. Discovering new optical information storage media and techniques with beyond binary capacity and enhanced security is in demand. Here a beyond‐binary, "burn after read" and rewritable multiplexing optical information storage and encryption method is demonstrated via Ce:YAG trapping states. It is found that the thermo‐luminescence (TL) intensity of Ce:YAG trapping states is writing light power dependent, enabling multi‐gray‐level information storage and encoding.A new strategy to encode multiplexing information in a single pixel, increasing the storage capability is presented. Meanwhile, the burn after read feature protects the data from secondary leakage. This method has wide applications in data storage, anti‐counterfeiting, and encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the state of democracy today? In the Western world, people often take the meaning of this term for granted, but do they genuinely know what democracy is? In this sense, how can we define democracy in today's digitalized world? What is the relationship between democracy and information? Furthermore, do we really live in a democratic world? In Infocracy: Digitalization and the Crisis of Democracy--the 2022 translation of the original German book Infokratie. Digitalisierung und die Krise der Demokratie, published in 2021 by MSB Matthes & Seitz Berlin Verlagsgesellschaft mbH--Byung-Chul Han reflects on these and other related issues. Han's analysis of the current political, social, and technological situation indicates that a profound democratic crisis is emerging. The loss of interest in truth, the end of grand narratives, the replacement of reason with data analysis (even in philosophy), the fragmentation of the population due to digitalization, and the predominant role of information in everyday life are all symptoms of a radical transformation underway in Western society, with severe consequences for democratic stability. In these terms, Han's vision, at times excessively pessimistic, orients us on the crucial issues of our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information age, semantic parsing technology drives efficiency improvement and accelerates the process of intelligence. However, it faces complex understanding, data inflation, inappropriate evaluation, and difficult application of advanced large models. This study analyses the current challenges and looks forward to the development trend of the technology. Specific approaches include: this study adopts a systematic review method and strictly follows the PRISMA framework, deeply analyzes the key ideas, methods, problems, and solutions of traditional and neural network methods, and explores the model performance, API application, dataset, and evaluation mechanism. Through literature analysis, the technology is classified according to its application scenarios. Then, the practical application contributions are summarized, current limitations such as data size, model performance, and resource requirements are analyzed, and future directions such as dataset expansion, real-time performance enhancement, and industrial applications are envisioned. The results of the study show significant advances in semantic parsing technology with far-reaching impacts. Traditional and neural network methods complement each other to promote theoretical and practical innovation. In the future, with the continuous progress and in-depth application of machine learning technology, semantic parsing technology needs to further deepen the research on logical reasoning and evaluation, to better cope with technical challenges and lead the new development of natural language processing and AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper is devoted to the resolution of the scientific and practical problem of the search for possibilities of overcoming the described contradiction and a well-balanced improvement of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labour in the information society 5.0. The authors' goal lies in determining the perspective of improvement of change management of the population's employment in information society 5.0 for its sustainable development. Based on the sample of 61 countries and using statistics of IMD and the UN for 2023, we provided the economic and mathematical explanation of the consequences of changes in the population's employment in information society 5.0 for its sustainable development. The authors' main conclusion is that it is possible and necessary to simultaneously improve or preserve at the current level the quantitative and qualitative priorities of the sustainability of the population's employment. The scientific novelty and originality of this paper are that to solve the problem posed we propose a novel—SAP–LAP—model, which is characterised by increased flexibility and adaptability to the dynamic environment of the labour market in information society 5.0. The theoretical significance of the authors' results and conclusions is that they allow, for the first time, the possibility of well-balanced improvement of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of labour in information society 5.0. The practical significance of the research results is that the compiled forecast of the systemic management of quantitative and qualitative changes in the population's employment in information society 5.0 can be put in the basis of the global "roadmap" of the labour market's sustainable development. The managerial significance of the authors' recommendations is that the SAP–LAP model will help optimise the modern international practice of state and corporate management of changes in the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's society is a knowledge society, where innovation and discoveries are absolutely necessary. Knowledge serves as the driving factor of society, especially since today knowledge is no longer only a human mental process, but also one that animals, and artificial intelligence, and intelligent robots, and the Internet have. The purpose of this study is to highlight the fact that the modern notion of "educated and well-informed man" presupposes not only a permanent and healthy informational competition with other members of society, but also with oneself. This implies the fact that human freedom and happiness can be acquired not only unconsciously, but also consciously, through learning, through cultivation, by becoming more elevated tomorrow than today, because the knowledgeable, well-documented human is not only stronger, but also capable to face current challenges. That is why the constant search and the presence of doubt in what he thinks, the joy of a conscious interpretation of reality will allow him to exploit his potential to the maximum, and this can ensure his true happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]