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In recent years, the intersection of the academic and medical domains has increasingly spotlighted the utilization of biomaterials in radioactive disease treatment and radiation protection. Biomaterials, distinguished from conventional molecular pharmaceuticals, offer a suite of advantages in addressing radiological conditions. These include their superior biological activity, chemical stability, exceptional histocompatibility, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review comprehensively delineates the therapeutic mechanisms employed by various biomaterials in treating radiological afflictions impacting the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and hematopoietic systems. Significantly, these nanomaterials function not only as efficient drug delivery vehicles but also as protective agents against radiation, mitigating its detrimental effects on the human body. Notably, the strategic amalgamation of specific biomaterials with particular pharmacological agents can lead to a synergistic therapeutic outcome, opening new avenues in the treatment of radiation- induced diseases. However, despite their broad potential applications, the biosafety and clinical efficacy of these biomaterials still require in-depth research and investigation. Ultimately, this review aims to not only bridge the current knowledge gaps in the application of biomaterials for radiation-induced diseases but also to inspire future innovations and research directions in this rapidly evolving field. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascularization and inflammation management are essential for successful bone regeneration during the healing process of large bone defects assisted by artificial implants/fillers. Therefore, this study is devoted to the optimization of the osteogenic microenvironment for accelerated bone healing through rapid neovascularization and appropriate inflammation inhibition that were achieved by applying a tantalum oxide (TaO)-based nanoplatform carrying functional substances at the bone defect. Specifically, TaO mesoporous nanospheres were first constructed and then modified by functionalized metal ions (Mg 2+ ) with the following deferoxamine (DFO) loading to obtain the final product simplified as DFO-Mg-TaO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the product was homogeneously dispersed hollow nanospheres with large specific surface areas and mesoporous shells suitable for loading Mg 2+ and DFO. The biological assessments indicated that DFO-Mg-TaO could enhance the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The DFO released from DFO-Mg-TaO promoted angiogenetic activity by upregulating the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Notably, DFO-Mg-TaO also displayed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors, benefiting from the release of bioactive Mg 2+ . In vivo experiments demonstrated that DFO-Mg-TaO integrated with vascular regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic activities significantly accelerated the reconstruction of bone defects. Our findings suggest that the optimized DFO-Mg-TaO nanospheres are promising as multifunctional fillers to speed up the bone healing process.

Inflammation represents the manifestation of the host's vascular and cellular response to tissue damage, hypersensitivity of the immune system or autoimmunity. As soon as the damage is detected, the mechanisms of localization and removal of foreign substances and damaged tissues are triggered. This response is amplified by the activation of inflammatory cells and by the production of chemical mediators derived from arachidonic acid, vasoactive substances and cytokines. At the ocular level, among the different responses implemented by various inflammation mediators, the action of prostaglandins is mainly expressed in three ways: i) change of intraocular pressure; ii) induction of miosis; iii) increase of protein concentration in the aqueous humor. Ocular inflammation may continue long after the cessation of the initial cause and may also lead to serious consequences, including permanent vision reduction. For this reason, it is essential to establish a correct and effective therapeutic strategy, which allows to control inflammation, the symptoms and the clinical signs associated with it. This article therefore deals with therapeutic strategies to control inflammation, with a particular focus on the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in cataract surgery.

A combinational drug therapy nanosystem was developed to kill two birds with one stone, i.e., improve the tumor killing effect and prevent the subsequent risk of metastasis, based on photodynamic-enhanced ferroptosis and regional inflammation management. [Display omitted] • A new synergistic model of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor medical treatment. • Photodynamic-enhanced ferroptosis combines with rational inflammation management for effective oncotherapy and metastasis inhibition. • Novel drugs self-delivery system without carriers possesses incomparable translational advantages. Tumor therapy should not only pursue the efficient killing of tumor tissues, but also consider the restriction on metastasis of residual tumor cells after local tumor destruction, because metastasis would bring irreparable consequences. In view of this, a combinational drug delivery system was constructed to enhance tumor killing activity and inhibit metastasis through rational synergy of antitumor and anti-inflammatory functions of small molecule drugs, photosensitizer Ce6 and sulfasalazine (SAS). The nanoformulations can activate programmed ferroptosis in tumor cells assisted by photodynamic therapy, leading to accurate tumor killing enhancement. On the other hand, besides participating in ferroptosis cascade, SAS suppressed the migration behavior of surviving tumor cells after treatment stimulation via inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathway nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-κB), which was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Together, this work provides an excellent paradigm of combined medication, and inspires new thinking on oncotherapy and inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]