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Objetivos. Analizar la evolución del COVID-19 en poblaciones rurales de Loreto y Ucayali en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal a nivel de comunidades basado en dos rondas de encuestas telefónicas con autoridades locales de más de 400 comunidades rurales indígenas y no-indígenas en Loreto y Ucayali, en julio y agosto de 2020, para recopilar información sobre casos y muertes por COVID-19 en sus comunidades, medidas de protección adoptadas y la recepción de asistencia estatal en la etapa temprana de la pandemia. Estadísticas descriptivas permiten evaluar la evolución de la pandemia después del brote inicial y comparar las tendencias de las dos regiones, así como entre poblaciones indígenas y no-indígenas. Resultados. En julio de 2020, el COVID-19 había llegado al 91,5% de las comunidades, aunque se reportaron muertes por COVID-19 en 13,0% de las comunidades, siendo la mortalidad rural mayor en Ucayali (0,111%) que en Loreto (0,047%) y en comunidades no-indígenas. Para agosto, la prevalencia disminuyó de 44,0% a 32,0% de comunidades, pero se volvió más frecuente en las comunidades indígenas, y aquellas en Ucayali. Viajar a la ciudad para recibir bonos estatales y las dificultades para mantener el distanciamiento social contribuyeron al contagio. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos mostraron la evolución del COVID-19 en comunidades rurales y señalan áreas importantes de atención en futuras políticas públicas, para la adopción de medidas de protección y reconsiderar estrategias para la distribución de asistencia ante pandemias futuras.

El objetivo es comprender cómo el apoyo psicosocial puede ser tanto preventivo como rehabilitador. Se realizó la sistematización de una intervención psicosocial con personas que viven con VIH/SIDA, lo que permitió visibilizar las repercusiones generadas por la pandemia y las medidas de confinamiento, adoptadas para la mitigación del Covid-19, sobre la salud física, social y mental de los sujetos participantes. En total se caracterizaron y atendieron 63 personas en situación de vulnerabilidad por ser inmigrantes o personas dedicadas al trabajo sexual. Los resultados muestran que la discriminación y los prejuicios hacia las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA se entrecruzan con la estigmatización hacia las personas que se dedican al trabajo sexual, así como los juicios de valor xenófobos y aquellos que se tienen frente a las condiciones de nacionalidad y de clase. Es indispensable que se considere en los servicios de atención para personas con VIH/SIDA, no solo la atención médica y farmacológica, sino la atención psicosocial que desempeña un papel fundamental al abordar factores como el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión y el estigma social que a menudo enfrentan las personas con VIH/SIDA y que pueden disminuir su adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The COVID-19 altered the employment situation and the educational teaching process of medical universities. In addition, there was a very negative impact on all economic and social areas of the country. In the health sector, services and human resources were reorganized, the production of basic medicines was affected, pressures on the public health and social welfare system increased with corresponding rise in public health costs and expenditures. Objective: To describe the social, economic and academic effects of COVID-19 in the Medical Faculty No. 1 of the Medical Science University in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted during the reoutbreaks of COVID-19 in the period from January to July 2021 in available workers and students from the first to the fifth year of the faculty. General and socio-economic characteristics were evaluated for each group, such as medical certificates and causes, affected days, research results and training activity. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis and presentation of results. Results: The incidence of positive cases was low, but generated thousands of days of disability due to isolation and home intake. More than 5 000 people suspected pf the disease were surveyed, 19.9 % of them positive. The promotion exceeded 95 % in all years of the major and was higher than the pre-epidemic stage, as well as the vertical efficiency. Conclusions: Although there were negative social, economic and academic effects, the integral community work contributed to the preservation of the population's health and online classes were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Factors associated with mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients have been scarcely studied in Latin America. Objective: To identify factors associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Methods: This prospective study was undertaken in a single center between April and October 2020, recruiting COVID-19 patients managed with mechanical ventilation. We excluded patients who died within the first 24 hours after endotracheal intubation. Clinical characteristics, laboratory results, ventilation interventions, and outcomes were collected and compared between the deceased and surviving groups. The association between these factors and hospital death was examined, and relevant covariates were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 273 patients were included (72.5% male), the mortality rate was 37% (95% CI 31% - 43%), and the median age was 63 years (IQR 52-72). The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (45%). Factors associated with mortality were: older age (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.05- 1.11), male gender (OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.30-6.01), immunosuppression (OR 3.98; 95% CI 1.57-10.06), thrombocytopenia (OR 3.84; CI 95% 1.47-10.01), driving pressure (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.34) and the use of dialysis (OR 4.94; 95% CI 2.56-9.51). Chronic hypertension (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17-0.71) and fever on admission (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.27-0.98) were found to have a protective effect. Conclusions: Older age, male sex, immunosuppression, thrombocytopenia, increased driving pressure, use of dialysis, absence of fever, or arterial hypertension were associated with an increased risk of mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To analyze the evolution of COVID-19 in rural populations of Loreto and Ucayali in the early stage of the pandemic. Materials and methods. A community-level longitudinal observational study was conducted and based on two rounds of telephone surveys with local authorities of more than 400 indigenous and non-indigenous rural communities in Loreto and Ucayali, in July and August 2020. We collected information on cases and deaths by COVID-19 in their communities, protective measures adopted and if state assistance was received in the early stage of the pandemic. Descriptive statistics allowed us to evaluate the evolution of the pandemic after the initial outbreak and compare the trends of the two regions, as well as between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Results. In July 2020, COVID-19 had reached 91.5% of the communities, although deaths from COVID-19 were reported in 13.0% of the communities, with rural mortality being higher in Ucayali (0.111%) than in Loreto (0.047%) and in non-indigenous communities. By August, prevalence decreased from 44.0% to 32.0% of communities, but became more frequent in indigenous communities, and those in Ucayali. Traveling to the city to receive state bonuses and difficulties maintaining social distancing contributed to the spread. Conclusions. Our findings show the evolution of COVID-19 in rural communities and point to important areas of attention in future public policies, for the adoption of protective measures and reconsidering strategies for the distribution of assistance in the face of future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los factores explicativos de la respuesta inmune humoral en adultos mayores de establecimientos de estancia prolongada de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta 180 días post vacunación. Se utilizó un diseño de cohorte abierta, prospectiva, multicéntrica, con voluntarios que recibieron dos dosis de vacunas Sputnik V, Sinopharm o AZD1222. Se analizaron muestras de plasma en los tiempos 0, 21 días post primera dosis, 21 días post segunda dosis, 120 y 180 días post primera dosis. Se ajustaron modelos lineales marginales y aditivos generalizados mixtos para evaluar el comportamiento de la concentración de anticuerpos IgG anti-Spike en el tiempo según grupo de exposición (naïve/no-naïve) y vacuna. Las covariables analizadas fueron: ocurrencia de brote de COVID-19 en establecimientos de estancia prolongada y comorbilidades. Se incluyeron en el análisis 773 participantes con una mediana de edad de 83 años (RIQ: 76-89). Al final del estudio, los niveles de anticuerpos del grupo naïve: Sinopharm fueron significativamente menores que el resto de los grupos (p < 0,05); los del no-naïve: Sinopharm resultaron similares a los naïve que recibieron AZD1222 (p = 0,945) o Sputnik V (p = 1). Los participantes expuestos a brotes en establecimientos de estancia prolongada presentaron niveles de anticuerpos significativamente mayores, independientemente del grupo de exposición y la vacuna (p < 0,001). Concluimos que la exposición previa a COVID-19, el tipo de vacuna y la pertenencia a un establecimiento de estancia prolongada con antecedente de brote son factores a considerar frente a futuros eventos epidémicos con dinámicas de transmisión y mecanismos inmunológicos similares al COVID-19, en poblaciones similares a la analizada en este trabajo.

Objetivo. Describir las características de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los trabajadores de salud de un instituto de salud materno neonatal del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal descriptivo, realizado entre abril del 2020 y diciembre del 2022 en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Se incluyeron todos los trabajadores que presentaron infección por COVID-19 identificado mediante prueba confirmatoria para SARS-CoV-2. Resultados. Se detectaron 2250 casos confirmados de COVID-19. El 76% fueron mujeres, el 71,3% tenían 30-59 años, y el 77,8% era personal de salud. El 47,8% fueron diagnosticados mediante prueba antigénica, mientras que el 44,4% fueron diagnosticados mediante prueba molecular. El 18,7% tenía alguna comorbilidad, 2,2 % fueron hospitalizados, y ocho trabajadores fallecieron. Conclusión. Los hallazgos demuestran que los trabajadores del sector salud también se vieron afectados por la pandemia por COVID-19. El análisis del comportamiento de la infección es relevante para continuar desarrollando y mejorando las estrategias de la prevención y control de los casos entre los trabajadores.

Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia de las familias de niños con trastorno del espectro autista, en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19, en servicios de urgencia y emergencia. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de casos múltiples con enfoque cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo. La recolección de evidencias ocurrió durante el año 2022, de forma online, con 13 familias de niños con autismo, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada en un entorno virtual. Resultados: Las evidencias resultaron en dos categorías temáticas: “Pandemia” y “Vivencia de la urgencia y emergencia”. Las familias expresaron que la pandemia repercutió negativamente en sus vidas y la utilización de los servicios de urgencia y emergencia también fue experimentada de forma negativa, afectando al niño con el trastorno, así como a su familia, en diferentes niveles y aspectos. Consideraciones finales: Las familias son capaces de promover acciones que remiten directamente al aspecto del proceso de resiliencia que sus miembros lograron establecer en ese período.

Introducción: Las enfermeras han brindado cuidados a los pacientes con COVID-19, y muchas tuvieron que lidiar con este virus al ser infectadas. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias de las enfermeras en primera línea contagiadas con COVID-19 que recibieron atención domiciliaria. Método: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva, el tamaño de la muestra fue con 12 enfermeras infectadas con COVID-19 que recibieron tratamiento domiciliario en Chiclayo, Perú. El muestreo fue por la técnica de bola de nieve. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada a través de los medios virtuales previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías: a) Incertidumbre ante modo de contagio, medios de diagnóstico, sintomatología y evolución por la COVID-19, b) Cuidados recuperativos en el hogar: tratamiento médico, uso de medicina tradicional y medidas de bioseguridad, y c) Impacto en la vida familiar, laboral, social, emocional y espiritual al sufrir de la COVID-19. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras presentaron síntomas leves de la COVID-19 y se recuperaron en su domicilio, cumplieron con el tratamiento médico, algunas usaron remedios caseros. Practicaron estrictamente las medidas de bioseguridad para evitar que su familia se contagie. Utilizaron la tecnología digital y reforzaron su fe para afrontar el impacto familiar, emocional y social.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to plague the world, but there are indigenous communities that have adopted various protection measures in their homes and communities. Objective: Describe cultural practices to prevent COVID-19 in an indigenous community in Peru, 2021. Method: Descriptive qualitative research. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, 08 mothers and 02 fathers from the Supayacu native community participated in the study. For data collection, four interviews were applied via Zoom and six in person with prior informed consent. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: a) Communal organization: Closure of borders, process of acquisition and disinfection of provisions, b) Cultural care in food and use of traditional medicine, c) Adoption of preventive measures: Washing hands, use of masks, alcohol, hygiene of the home, d) Religious beliefs and rituals: divine punishment, fasting and prayer. Conclusions: This indigenous community used their ancestral knowledge and cultural practices to protect themselves from COVID-19, based on their organization, the closure of borders, the use of medicinal plants, and their religious beliefs. In addition, they complied with preventive measures such as hand washing, use of masks, alcohol, and social distancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the experience of self-care of the elderly person in the post-pandemic transition COVID-19. Method: Qualitative phenomenological study, conducted in a city of Mexico, from March to December 2021. The sample was intentional with 8 participants, determined by the criterion of information saturation. Inclusion criteria were: men and women aged 60 years or older, linked to elderly community groups. Data analysis: carried out through the hermeneutic circle: Pre-understanding, Understanding and Interpretation. All participants gave their informed consent. Results: The testimonies allowed us to apprehend six themes: Protective measures and physical care; Awareness of being an elderly person; Care in the face of the infodemic; Being cared for by the family and caring for the other; Learning after the pandemic; Self-care present in the lived experience of the elderly person. Conclusion: The elderly person transits the tempo-rality of their care, and cannot be separated into a before and after, but rather, an understanding of being an elderly person in self-care throughout a phase of learning and internalization of one's own care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a very aggressive infection generated by aerobic fungi that can involve the upper airway and spread to adjacent structures. Objective: To analyze the association between death and ocular exenteration in patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Method: The clinical aspects and outcome of patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used, Chi square was used for association, odd ratio was used for risk, considering a value of p≤0.05 as significant. Results: Of 45, 11 did not meet the inclusion criteria, no associations were found between sex, diabetes with other comorbidities, MROC stages and death, COVID-19 infection, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). However, bone lysis on tomography (p=0.001), type of surgical procedure (p=0.002), and ocular exenteration (p=0.001) were significantly associated with death. Differences were found between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p=0.035), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p=0.056), and absolute neutrophil count (p=0.000) with death. Discussion: The decision to undergo ocular exenteration is a complex aspect in patients with MROC. There are authors who point out that the psychological impact is significant in a substantial proportion of patients. Conclusions: The only characteristics associated with death in patients with MROC in the study were the presence of bone lysis on the tomography and ocular exenteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hospital a Domicilio is the property of Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigacion en Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Evaluar la viabilidad de descontaminar los respiradores PFF2 en situaciones pandémicas. Método: Cuasi experimento, en un hospital público del sur de Brasil, entre abril y junio de 2021. La muestra consistió en respiradores PFF2 utilizados durante seis y 42 horas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, divididos en grupos (tiempo de uso y tipos de intervención) y un grupo de control. Se evaluó su resistencia, integridad e inflamabilidad. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales para comparar varios grupos y comprobar si el respirador seguía siendo seguro de usar tras la descontaminación, entre los distintos tratamientos y el tiempo de uso de las mascarillas. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia significativa en la eficacia del filtro (p=0,002) y la resistencia (p

Introducción: La covid-19 alteró la situación laboral y el proceso docente educativo de las universidades médicas. Además, hubo un impacto muy negativo en todas las esferas económicas y sociales del país. En el sector de la salud se reorganizaron los servicios y recursos humanos, se afectó la producción del cuadro básico de medicamentos, aumentaron las presiones sobre el sistema de salud pública y asistencia social con el correspondiente incremento de los costos de salud pública y gastos públicos. Objetivo: Describir los efectos sociales, económicos y académicos de la covid-19 en la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas en Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, durante rebrotes de covid-19 en el periodo de enero a julio de 2021 en trabajadores disponibles y estudiantes de primero a quinto año de la facultad. Se evaluaron características generales y socioeconómicas para cada grupo, como certificados médicos y causas, días afectados, resultados de la pesquisa, y actividad formativa. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para el análisis y presentación de los resultados. Resultados: La incidencia de casos positivos fue baja, pero generó miles de días de incapacidad, por aislamientos e ingreso en el hogar. Se pesquisaron más de 5 000 personas sospechosas de la enfermedad, de ellos 19,9 % resultó positivo. La promoción superó 95 % en todos los años de la carrera y fue mayor al de etapa prepidémica, al igual que la eficiencia vertical. Conclusiones: Aunque hubo efectos sociales, económicos y académicos negativos, el trabajo comunitario integral contribuyó a la preservación de la salud de la población y se desarrolló el aprendizaje a distancia.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to global public health, leading to a significant increase in scientific production in medical sciences. Objective: To describe the annual variations in publications on COVID-19 in the Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. Methods: A 4-year bibliometric study (2020-2023) was conducted, including 110 documents on COVID-19. Changes in the timing of publications and the medical specialty addressed were analyzed. Results: Of the total articles, 110 (16.8 %) were on COVID-19, with publications of 16.5 %, 28.3 %, 22.6 %, and 15.4 % in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the number of documents between 2020, 2022, and 2023 (p< 0.05). There was a progressive increase in the number of publications over the years, with a particular concentration on mental health (3.8 % in 2020 and 42.5 % in 2023). In 2020, the main topics were therapeutics, education and research, epidemiology, forensic medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology, while in 2023, it was mental health. Conclusions: These findings suggest an evolution in the focus of research during the pandemic years, with a growing emphasis on mental health.

Objetivo: Describir y comprender las vivencias en el cumplimiento de medidas de bioseguridad por COVID-19 en enfermeras de un Hospital Público de Chiclayo, Perú. Método: El estudio fue cualitativo con abordaje fenomenológico. Los sujetos de estudio lo conformaron 12 enfermeras del Hospital Las Mercedes; la muestra fue no probabilística, por conveniencia y saturación teniendo como criterios de inclusión: enfermeras que trabajaron en el servicio de emergencia de marzo a junio del 2020 y haber firmado el consentimiento informado. Se excluyeron a enfermeras con licencia por motivo de salud o maternidad. El instrumento de recojo de información fue la entrevista semiestructurada a profundidad online. En el proceso de la investigación se consideraron los principios éticos y de rigor científico. Resultados: Se obtuvieron cuatro proposiciones: Connotación de vivencias como expresiones en el trabajo sobre la bioseguridad en la emergencia, la bioseguridad practicada por las enfermeras en defensa de la vida, medidas de bioseguridad insuficientes: contagio seguro y muerte, reaprendiendo a vivir en pandemia desde el aspecto personal, familiar y laboral frente a las medidas de bioseguridad. Conclusión general: las vivencias de las enfermeras respecto a las medidas de bioseguridad han sido de gran connotación, sufrimiento, temor, incertidumbre y aprendizaje; los cuales han sido superados con el pasar de los meses demostrando ser un pilar fundamental para conducir la pandemia.

El distanciamiento social en conjunto con otras medidas para evitar o disminuir la transmisión de la COVID-19, han tenido consecuencias en la salud mental de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la salud mental de estudiantes de medicina en Nariño (Colombia), durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta virtual autodiligenciada a estudiantes mayores de 18 años, de cuarto semestre y de semilleros de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Campus Pasto, quienes participaron voluntariamente del estudio; se excluyó a quienes tuvieron problemas de conexión a Internet. Resultados: 54 estudiantes respondieron la encuesta, en su mayoría de 19 años (33,3%), solteros (96,3%), de estratos 2 al 4 (87,0%), de cuarto semestre (96,0%) y de sexo femenino (59,0%). Hubo mayor prevalencia de ansiedad (31,3%) que de estrés (16,7%) y depresión (16,7%). Para la ansiedad el mayor nivel fue moderado (52,9%), al igual que para la depresión (55,6%), mientras que para la ansiedad fue muy severo (20,0%). El 100% presentó desesperanza en diferentes niveles y 33,3% mostraron ideación suicida. Conclusión: Es necesario implementar medidas que ayuden a mejorar y prevenir afectaciones de la salud mental de los estudiantes, así como realizar estudios analíticos que permitan indagar en la asociación de COVID-19 y su impacto en la salud mental.

Foundation: SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most important emerging disease of this century. In this context, the Cuban Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries Group (BioCubaFarma) created therapeutic alternatives to combat COVID-19, including the use of Jusvinza, which is part of the protocol used in the country. Objective: to determine the Jusvinza therapeutic resolution in confirmed COVID-19 patients. Methods: a descriptive study carried out from January to September 2021, at the Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Military Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba. The universe consisted of 166 confirmed COVID-19 cases, to whom Jusvinza was administered. Some clinical variables (clinical status, associated non-communicable diseases, clinical progression), epidemiological (age, sex) and pharmacological (resolving, duration in days) were analyzed. A data extraction form was used, which was taken from the medical records. Results: morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 was higher in males, related to comorbidities and age over 60 years; The female sex was the one with the greatest response to treatment with Jusvinza (71.7%), which increased its percentage in the absence of associated chronic non-communicable diseases (81.4%). High-risk patients had the lowest mortality (15.8%). Conclusions: resolution in confirmed COVID-19 patients treated with Jusvinza was higher in high-risk cases than in severe and critical cases.

RESUMEN Introducción. El aislamiento social permitió la mitigación de casos por la COVID-19, enfermedad que impactó tanto físico como emocional y mentalmente a la población en general, pero específicamente a los adultos mayores. Se identificó que el aislamiento social se asoció con un aumento del 50% del riesgo de demencia y otras afecciones graves. La presente revisión pretende identificar el conocimiento científico que se ha construido a partir del fenómeno del aislamiento social en las personas mayores como medida de prevención de la COVID-19. Metodología. Revisión integrativa de la literatura. La estrategia de búsqueda: bases de datos Web of Science, Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL; tesauros MeSH y Emtree: “loneliness”, “elderly”, “Aged”, “Isolating”, “Social Isolation”, “COVID-19” y “Coronavirus Infections”. Criterios de inclusión: investigaciones primarias y secundarias, con texto completo disponible en línea, idiomas: inglés, español, portugués y francés entre los años 2015 al 2021. Resultados. Se incluyeron 27 artículos científicos entre los cuales se encuentran estudios descriptivos transversales y longitudinales, así como revisiones narrativas y sistemáticas, los cuales daban respuesta al objetivo de la revisión. Discusión. En la literatura encontrada diferentes autores resaltan la importancia de reconocer el aislamiento social como una situación de salud pública, que tiene repercusiones mentales, sociales y físicas en la población mayor. Conclusiones. La revisión realizada permite identificar el conocimiento generado a partir del concepto de aislamiento en la persona mayor, reconocer las repercusiones a nivel mental de este aislamiento (especialmente en aquellas personas mayores con antecedentes), y comprender el abordaje interdisciplinario que se requiere. Palabras clave: Anciano; Aislamiento Social; Soledad; Infecciones por Coronavirus; Salud Pública ABSTRACT Introduction. Social isolation resulted in the mitigation of COVID-19 cases, a disease that impacted the general population physically, emotionally and mentally, most specifically the elderly. Social isolation was identified as being associated with a 50% increased risk of dementia and other serious conditions. The present review aims to identify the scientific knowledge that has been built on the phenomenon of social isolation in the elderly as a preventive measure for COVID-19. Methodology. Integrative literatura review. Search strategy: Web of Science, Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL databases; MeSH and Emtree: “loneliness”, “elderly”, “Aged”, “Isolating”, “Social Isolation”, “COVID-19” and “Coronavirus Infections”. Inclusion criteria: primary and secondary research, with full text available online, languages: English, Spanish, Portuguese and French between the years 2015 to 2021. Results. Twenty-seven scientific articles were perused, including cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive studies, as well as narrative and systematic reviews, which responded to the objective of the review. Discussion. In the literature found, different authors highlight the importance of recognizing social isolation as a public health issue, which has mental, social and physical repercussions in the elderly population. Conclusions. The review made it possible to identify the knowledge generated from the concept of isolation in the elderly, to recognize the mental repercussions of this isolation (especially in elderly people with a history of isolation), and to understand the interdisciplinary approach required. Keywords: Aged; Social Isolation; Loneliness; Coronavirus Infections; Public Health RESUMO Introdução. O isolamento social permitiu a mitigação dos casos decorrentes da COVID-19, doença que impactou tanto física quanto emocional e mentalmente a população em geral, mas especificamente os idosos. O isolamento social foi identificado como estando associado a um aumento de 50% do risco de demência e outras condições graves. Esta revisão tem como objetivo identificar o conhecimento científico que vem sendo construído a partir do fenômeno do isolamento social em pessoas idosas como medida preventiva contra a COVID-19. Metodologia. Revisão integrativa da literatura. A estratégia de busca: bases de dados Web of Science, Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL. Tesauros MeSH e Emtree: “loneliness”, “elderly”, “Aged”, “Isolating”, “Social Isolation”, “COVID-19” e “Coronavirus Infections”. Critérios de inclusão: pesquisas primárias e secundárias, com texto completo disponível online, idiomas: inglês, espanhol, português e francês entre 2015 e 2021. Resultados. Foram incluídos 27 artigos científicos, dentre eles estudos descritivos transversais e longitudinais, além de revisões narrativas e sistemáticas, que responderam ao objetivo da revisão. Discussão. Na literatura encontrada, diferentes autores destacam a importância de reconhecer o isolamento social como uma situação de saúde pública, que tem repercussões mentais, sociais e físicas na população idosa. Conclusões. A revisão realizada permite identificar o conhecimento gerado a partir do conceito de isolamento em idosos, reconhecer as repercussões mentais deste isolamento (especialmente em idosos com histórico) e compreender a abordagem interdisciplinar necessária. Palavras-chave: Idoso; Isolamento Social; Solidão; Infecções por Coronavirus; Saúde Pública

Introduction: COVID-19 is accompanied by symptoms that are usually more evident when the disease is severe. Objective: to evaluate the symptoms of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 through the ESAS-r(es) questionnaire and compare their intensity according to severity. Material and methods: a cross-sectional, prospective and observational study was carried out, which consisted of the evaluation of the intensity of symptoms in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and was compared according to severity. Results: 110 evaluations were included, most of the symptoms presented with greater intensity in the severe severity group: exhaustion (p = 0.001), loss of appetite (p = 0.006), shortness of breath (p = 0.001), discouragement (p = 0.009) and nervousness/anxiety (p = 0.041). Conclusion: the symptoms occurred with greater frequency and intensity in severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the association between a history of comorbidities and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to prevent COVID-19 in Lambayeque, Peru. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study that used information from the database of the Red Prestacional Lambayeque of the Social Security of Health. The outcome variable was the self-report of having consumed and/or used some type of MAC during the pandemic to prevent COVID-19. The main independent variable was the self-reported history of having any comorbidity. Sociodemographic and clinical confounding variables were included. To assess the association of interest, crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust variances. Results: A total of 243 participants with a history of COVID-19 were surveyed. Most were male (54.7%), and the median age was 29 [25-59] years. 29.2% used CAM to prevent COVID-19. In the adjusted model, a history of comorbidity increased the probability of CAM use (PR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.28; p: 0.028). Conclusions: A history of comorbidity was associated with a higher probability of CAM consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the identification of COVID-19 disease in China, a pandemic began that affected health-care systems. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Hospital de Ginecobstetricia del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente experienced an increase in patient flow as part of the COVID-19 strategy of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). This study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonatal care and mortality indicators in our unit. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to compare the number of hospital births, pre-term newborns (PTNB), NICU admissions, and deaths. Changes in frequencies between 2019 and 2021 were analyzed using Poisson distribution. Changes in PTNB births, proportion of admissions, and deaths/NICU discharges were analyzed by z-test for two proportions. Results: Between 2019 and 2021, the number of births increased by more than 2-fold. NICU admissions increased from 770 in 2019 to 1045 in 2021 (p < 0.01). The ratio of deaths/discharge from the service was 16.9% in 2019 and 13.1% in 2021 (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Mortality indicators in the NICU decreased from 2019 to 2021, even with the increase in the number of patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nurses have provided care to patients with COVID-19, and many have had to deal with this virus when infected. Objective: To describe the experiences of frontline nurses infected with COVID-19 who received home care. Method: Descriptive qualitative research, the sample size was 12 nurses infected with COVID-19 who received home treatment in Chiclayo, Peru. Sampling was by snowball technique. To collect the data, the semi-structured interview was used through virtual media with prior informed consent. Results: Three categories emerged: a) Uncertainty regarding the mode of transmission, means of diagnosis, symptomatology and evolution due to COVID-19, b) Recuperative care at home: medical treatment, use of traditional medicine and biosafety measures, and c) Impact on the family, work, social, emotional and spiritual life when suffering from COVID-19. Conclusions: The nurses presented mild symptoms of COVID-19 and recovered at home, complied with medical treatment, some used home remedies. They strictly practiced biosecurity measures to prevent their family from getting infected. They used digital technology and strengthened their faith to cope with the family, emotional and social impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the school of medicines to opt for a virtual teaching modality due to the suspension of face-to-face activities imposed by the lockdown. Objective: To determine the advantages and disadvantages of the virtual teaching modality perceived by the students in an introduction to clinical medicine course of a school of medicine in Lima, Peru. Methods: A virtual non-validated survey was circulated among fourth year medical students. Results: 94 studentes answered the survey (51%). Perceived advantages were to have more time to study (57.4%) and saving time in transportation (39.4%). The disadvantages were lack of contact with real patients (42.6%) and not to be able to obtain a clinical history from patients (39.4%). The 72.3% of students were able to identify the medical problems of patients, but only 24.4% were able to obtain an adequate clinical history and just 9.6% performed an adequate physical examination. Conclusion: The virtual teaching modality allowed the student to have more time for self-study but limited their abilities to obtain a clinical history and to perform a physical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine life satisfaction in the university community of a Colombian university during the pandemic. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an associative phase was carried out involving 723 students and 257 employees of an institution of higher education during the pandemic. Results: The highest percentage of participants in both groups were female. With respect to life satisfaction, 83.7% of employees engaged in virtual activities during the pandemic felt either satisfied (33.9%) or very satisfied (49.8%) with life. In contrast, for students, the percentages of satisfaction were lower (33.3% satisfied and 37.6% very satisfied); a statistically significant association (p <0.05) was found between all sociodemographic variables and life satisfaction. Conclusions: Satisfaction with life during the pandemic differed between employees and students. These findings provide valuable insights for institutions of higher education, emphasizing the need to enhance multidisciplinary efforts and implement ongoing actions to improve resilience levels among university community members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A high percentage of patients that have suffered from covid-19 refer a series of clinical manifestations that persist after the original pattern. One of the population groups in which this happens most frequently is the elderly, to whom maximum care should be paid. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined modality therapy in elderly with psychosomatic manifestations due to postcovid-19 syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experiment study without control group of therapeutic intervention was carried out at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from March to May, 2021. The population studied was made up of 25 patients of 60 years and over with postcovid-19 syndrome, who presented psychosomatic manifestations and received combined modality treatment (group psychotherapy and floral therapy). Sex, age and psychosomatic manifestations were analyzed as variables, as well as the response to treatment, which effectiveness was evaluated according to the proportion of patients with a satisfactory response, taking into account a significance level of 5 %. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex and the 65-69 and 70-74 age groups. The most frequent manifestations were dyspnea, asthenia and anxiety. After applying the combined modality therapy, a significant proportion of patients with a favorable condition was achieved, since the number of psychosomatic manifestations decreased. Conclusions: Combined modality therapy was effective to reduce the number of psychosomatic manifestations in elderly with postcovid-19 syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a pandemic that has caused great number of complications and is usually fatal for pregnant and newlydelivered women. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pregnant and newly-delivered women with Covid-19 admitted to intensive care units. Methods: An observational descriptive, cross-sectional study of 56 pregnant and newlydelivered women with confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 was carried out; they were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2021. The analyzed variables were age, past health history, cause of admission, state when discharged from the institution and the main cause of death. For this purpose, the frequencies, percentages and case fatality rate were calculated. Results: There was a prevalence of pregnant women in all the age groups (58.9%) relative to the newly-delivered women (41.1%), mainly in the 31- 35 age group (30.3%). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity with 71.4 and 28.6%, for pregnant and newly-delivered women, respectively; as long as, 66.6% of the first ones and 33.3% of the second ones were admitted due to pneumonia. All the pregnant women were discharged alive and 7 newly-delivered women died. Case fatality rate was 12.5 and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appeared in 57.2% of those affected. Conclusions: Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity, viral pneumonia was the main admission diagnosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the first direct cause of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Avances en Odontoestomatologia is the property of Ediciones Avances SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic changes in people's living conditions and mental health. In higher education, students presented stress due to the cancellation of teaching, work and extension activities. Objective: apply academic, extension actions linked to psychotherapies of various types, in young university students in the Pedagogy-Psychology degree in post-COVID-19 times. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the “José Martí Pérez” University of Sancti Spíritus during the year 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied: a psychological test and academic and extension actions in the context of the “Smile” Project of attention to vulnerable communities. Results: the circumstances caused by COVID-19 influenced the behavior and mental health of the sampled students: anxiety disorders were observed due to prolonged interruption of studies compared to in-person forms of the teaching-learning process, academic indices decreased, and Safety and motivation for the study were affected, among other manifestations, so actions related to the “Smile” project and psychotherapy were applied in association with academic and extension activities. Conclusions: the actions applied led to positive changes in the lives of the university students in the sample. An effective transformation was achieved essentially related to greater coherence and participation in various activities in the group, and incorporation of others who were isolated from the planned and performed extension activities.

Resumen: En pandemia, en Argentina y en otros países se observó variabilidad en las políticas públicas implementadas sobre tecnologías sanitarias para prevención y tratamiento de la COVID-19. El objetivo fue analizar cómo se procesaron en Argentina los movimientos de coordinación vs. cooperación, y de autonomía vs. reparto de autoridad entre entidades, explorando asimetrías entre diferentes entidades en la implementación de políticas públicas sobre tecnologías sanitarias en pandemia y las influencias de otros actores. Se realizó una revisión documental del período 2020-2021 (informes técnicos publicados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, organismos nacionales y sociedades científicas, leyes, fallos judiciales, prensa, encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad a miembros de los Ministerios de Salud de Argentina). Se indagó sobre procesos y resultados de la toma de decisiones en los Ministerios de Salud, mapeando la cobertura y recomendación de cada tecnología y el partido político provincial gobernante. Hubo heterogeneidad en resultados y procesos entre los Ministerios, y disputas en el interior de los mismos. La adherencia a recomendaciones oficiales fue baja, influyendo distintos criterios técnico-políticos (relaciones de poder, presión social, de los medios, académicos, poder Judicial y Legislativo). En algunos casos se observó una fuerte tensión entre oficialismo y oposición al partido gobernante a partir de la discusión sobre tecnologías. Cada provincia argentina definió sus políticas sobre tecnologías sanitarias para COVID-19 con autonomía, y la toma de decisiones en la administración pública en pandemia fue desordenada, compleja y no lineal.

La COVID-19 es una enfermedad que afecta a los pulmones y al sistema endotelial, lo cual puede conducir a trastornos funcionales de todos los órganos internos. El presente artículo tiene como propósito compartir la opinión de los autores sobre el impacto, en convalecientes de la COVID-19 y en la sociedad cubana actual, de los hallazgos por eco-Doppler en los sectores arteriales periféricos. Según la opinión de los autores, pudieran dar inicio a la solución de un problema de salud latente en estos pacientes. A pesar de todos los cuestionamientos, interrogantes y desafíos que entraña este problema, y de las inevitables limitaciones que pueda tener su esclarecimiento en los momentos actuales, resulta una necesidad impostergable emprender los estudios en esta línea. Ellos aportarán a la comprensión del papel del daño endotelial producido por el SARS-CoV-2 y al perfeccionamiento de la práctica médica, en función de la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas eficaces en el alivio de la sintomatología de estos pacientes. Debe prestarse especial atención al abordaje teórico, metodológico e investigativo de este nuevo conocimiento en el campo de las ciencias de la salud, pues tendría importante repercusión en el plano económico, social, médico, personal, familiar y para los servicios de salud. Por tanto, la incorporación de esta modalidad diagnóstica al protocolo de atención a los convalecientes de la COVID-19, es una acción factible, por su amplia accesibilidad y a la vez de alto impacto en la salud de este grupo de pacientes y en el consecuente desarrollo científico social.

Introducción: en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 las manifestaciones clínicas otorrinolaringológicas y maxilofaciales son las que se presentan en menor porcentaje, dentro las cuales se incluyen lesiones ulcerativas, ampollas, enantemas, compromiso gingival, otitis media aguda, conjuntivitis y parotiditis. Presentación del caso: paciente masculino de 36 meses (año y medio), sin antecedentes de importancia que fue llevado a consulta por fiebre, tos y odinofagia. Al examen físico se encontró hipertermia, hiperemia conjuntival, aftas orales y sangrado gingival. Los paraclínicos mostraron anemia microcítica hipocrómica, tiempos de coagulación normales, LDH con ligera elevación y la prueba RT-PCR para SARS-CoV-2 positiva. Se hospitalizó y se mantuvo en vigilancia durante 4 días, con adecuada evolución y posterior egreso. Discusión: aunque se ha evidenciado que el SARS-CoV-2 puede generar compromiso en distintos sistemas incluida la región oro facial, hasta el momento no se han informado casos de gingivoestomatitis secundaria a COVID-19. Conclusiones: las manifestaciones de la cavidad bucal pueden considerarse como síntomas atípicos en esta infección, por lo que es importante realizar diagnóstico diferencial descartando otras posibilidades patológicas que pudiesen generar dicha sintomatología.

Background: the study of diseases must integrate perspectives and include variables related to health professionals. The emergence of new diseases such as COVID-19 has generated a group of research aimed at professionals and students immersed in its prevention and control. Objective: to characterize the attitudes of nursing students linked to active screening in cases of COVID-19. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at Camagüey Medical University from March to May 2021, with a combination of qualitative methodologies. Theoretical methods were applied to support the research and empirical methods, such as direct external observation, semi-structured interviews and composition, to a sample of 30 undergraduate Nursing students. Results: the attitudes were characterized by having a direction that did not indicate open rejection, but the difficulty of addressing the issue of the possibility of contagion itself was perceived in 49.30%. There was 62.10% of internal inconsistency in attitudes, as an antagonistic relationship was found among its components. Conclusions: the linking of Nursing students to clinical and community settings allowed the identification of characteristics in their components, consistency or functions that imply exposure to risk situations or limit performance; it is essential to modify them in order to guarantee sustainability actions and professional training.

Fundamento: en 2021 y producto de la pandemia por COVID-19, el curso de Promoción de la Salud, en la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta, se realizó en modalidad remota de emergencia. El aula invertida se presentó como una estrategia metodológica útil para dar continuidad a los procesos enseñanza aprendizaje en este contexto. Objetivo: analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta respecto a la metodología de aula invertida aplicada al curso de Promoción de la Salud durante la pandemia. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo transversal, en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta que participaron en el curso Promoción de la Salud en 2021 (N=60). Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia y se invitó a participar a los estudiantes. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: la medición con un cuestionario estructurado; estadísticos: análisis descriptivo, se analizaron diferencias significativas según sexo con la prueba t de Student, con un p valor

Introduction: A high percentage of patients that have suffered from covid-19 refer a series of clinical manifestations that persist after the original pattern. One of the population groups in which this happens most frequently is the elderly, to whom maximum care should be paid. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined modality therapy in elderly with psychosomatic manifestations due to postcovid-19 syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experiment study without control group of therapeutic intervention was carried out at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from March to May, 2021. The population studied was made up of 25 patients of 60 years and over with postcovid-19 syndrome, who presented psychosomatic manifestations and received combined modality treatment (group psychotherapy and floral therapy). Sex, age and psychosomatic manifestations were analyzed as variables, as well as the response to treatment, which effectiveness was evaluated according to the proportion of patients with a satisfactory response, taking into account a significance level of 5 %. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex and the 65-69 and 70-74 age groups. The most frequent manifestations were dyspnea, asthenia and anxiety. After applying the combined modality therapy, a significant proportion of patients with a favorable condition was achieved, since the number of psychosomatic manifestations decreased. Conclusions: Combined modality therapy was effective to reduce the number of psychosomatic manifestations in elderly with postcovid-19 syndrome.

Fundamento: la COVID-19 tuvo repercusión en el estado biopsicosocial de la población. Entre las actitudes y comportamientos, la discriminación se manifestó como una de las respuestas a diferentes niveles de interrelación personal y social.Objetivo: describir la discriminación percibida por pacientes en seguimiento por COVID–19.Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el periodo septiembre de 2021 a febrero de 2022, con todos los pacientes con seguimiento por COVID-19 (N=89) residentes en el barrio de Tajamar Regalado (Tulcán, Ecuador). Mediante la encuesta se obtuvo información sobre las variables: tipo de institución donde recibió seguimiento médico, percepción de discriminación, apoyo social y apoyo comunitario.Resultados: el 60,67 % de los pacientes refirió que casi siempre lamentaba haberse contagiado de COVID-19; el 59,55 %, que siempre sintió ser discriminado por haber padecido la enfermedad; el 40,45 %, que casi siempre consideró importante utilizar medidas de protección para evitar más contagios en su comunidad; el 48,31 % planteó que casi siempre recibió consejería por el personal de salud; y el 59,55 % consideró que su salud mental se vio afectada. Casi la mitad de los pacientes expresó haber recibido un apoyo social muy malo, y el 51,68 % un apoyo social malo parte de las autoridades en particular.Conclusiones: durante la pandemia de COVID-19 existió un rechazo social a los pacientes contagiados, el cual provocó afectaciones en la salud mental de estos. Se evidenció una falta de apoyo por parte de la comunidad y las autoridades; y una escasa consejería por el personal de salud.