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Business incubators (BIs) in China have predominantly exhibited a government-led characteristic, recently broadening their spatial and temporal scope and extending reach to the county level. Regarding the inadequacies of county-level analysis scale, this study leverages Points of Interest (POI) big data to overcome them. To comprehend the governmental rationale in the construction of BIs, we examine the evolution dynamics of BIs in conjunction with policies. An economic geography framework is developed, conceptualizing BIs as quasi-public goods and productive services, and incorporating considerations of county-level fiscal operations and industrial structures. Focusing on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region as a case study, our findings reveal that over 98% of County Administrative Units (CAUs) have built BIs. Using kernel density estimation and Moran's I, the spatial patterns of CAUs are identified. The CAUs are further classified into three categories of economic levels using the k-means algorithm, uncovering differentiated relationships between industry, finance, and their respective BI. Additionally, we analyze the density relationship between BIs and other facilities at a micro-level, showcasing various site selection rationales. The discussions highlight that while BIs tend to align with wealthier areas and advanced industries, affluent CAUs offer location advantages on BIs, whereas less wealthy CAUs prioritize quantity for political achievements. This paper concludes with recommendations about aligning BIs based on conditions and outlooks on future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society / Prace Komisji Geografii Przemyslu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego is the property of Press of Pedagogical University of Cracow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article is the logical and methodological establishment of the conceptual foundations of sectoral struc)tural shifts based on the need to ensure the competitiveness of the economy in the conditions of digital transformations. The article presents a targeted sectoral structure of the economy with an eye on its competitiveness based on the pro)spective importance and development of industries, their strategic orientation, innovation and modernization technology, the ability to provide a high level of added value, the efficiency of using resource potential. The characteristics of the system-forming role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the structural and sectoral development of the economy in accordance with the need to ensure its competitiveness and features and progressive requirements for the progressive development of the agro-industrial complex, digital trade and the financial services sector, the sphere of consumer services, construction industries, electronic industry, transport and communication. The positions of Ukraine in international competitiveness ratings are summarized and conclusions are drawn about the insufficient formation of our country's competitive potential for adaptation to globalization and digital transformations. Changes in the priorities of the structural and sectoral development of the economy in the conditions of digitalization have been identified, in which the technologies of precise management, adaptive production, IT systems for planning and regulating business operations, digital design and modelling, integrated communications, robotics, computerization of infrastructure, interactive systems, virtual and automated management, hardware and computer systems, remote maintenance and other progressive IT products. As a result, it is proved that the structural and sectoral reforming of the national economy should be oriented towards the target needs of ensuring competitiveness and development of the domestic market, and to achieve this, digitization and the use of ICT play a key role. At the same time, a successful relationship between various industries, types of economic activity and business areas should be considered as confirmation of a sufficient level of balance and rationality of the structure of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an economic point of view, ports contribute to the comprehensive development of cities and can have a comprehensive stimulating effect on the economy of the interior. As a hub connecting various modes of transport, such as railways, highways, aviation and pipelines, ports are an indispensable component of the state’s transport network. During the gradual improvement of the Chinese transport system. At the same time, ports are the gateway for the foreign trade of a country or region. The efficiency of ports is directly related to the effectiveness of foreign economic cooperation. In addition, the development of ports is closely linked to the economic security of the country. Ports initiate the socio-economic growth of the region, serve as a center of social activity. Ports are also a major source of employment, as ports employ a large number of workers. The emergence of China as a great maritime power is becoming a fait accompli before our eyes. In the context of profound changes in the domestic and international macro environment, the port industry of the People’s Republic of China is accelerating the pace of transformation and modernization, adhering to new development concepts and providing strong support for the economic development of the state. The study reveals China’s modern leadership in the global port industry, formed in the fierce competition of the largest ports in East Asia. The stages of development of the ports of the People’s Republic of China and the role of the planned economy in this process, the modern structure of the port economy of the People’s Republic of China and the leading ports of the country are analyzed. New trends and prospects for the development of both continental and foreign ports of the People’s Republic of China are considered. The paper analyzes the place of the People’s Republic of China in the modern world port industry, determines the stages of development of China’s ports and the role of the planned economy in this process, studies the modern structure of the port economy of the People’s Republic of China and the country’s leading ports, identifies new trends and prospects for the development of mainland and foreign ports of the People’s Republic of China, analyzes key trends and problems underlying recent changes in the the port system of China. To date, there has not been a comprehensive study in the Russian bibliography that gives a general idea of the role of the port economy in the development of the PRC economy and China’s leadership in the port and shipping industries of the world. The present study aims to fill this gap.

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corporate finance has turned into a field where researchers produce what seem like a constant flow of disconnected papers. Theories are never confirmed or refuted. At best, empirical papers confirm models without a realistic alternative to refute. The problem is that today's models are either static or have firms that never interact directly with other firms. Most industries are oligopolies. For firms in these industries the competition's actions in the product market are likely of paramount importance. If corporate finance is going to progress, we need papers with testable dynamic oligopoly models. Models where firms compete directly with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed at solving the actual problem of studying the factors of internal and external environment of functioning of sectoral structures. The authors analyzed an aggregate of various indicators for assessing the factors of development of sectoral structures using methods of multivariate statistical analysis. The completeness of the theoretical description of objects and objectivity of conclusions during the study of the problem of factor analysis of functioning of the mechanism of management of sectoral structures has been achieved. The problem of analysis of resource and investment-innovation factors of development of sectoral structures using factor analysis is examined. It is proposed to quantify the efficiency of functioning of the mechanism of enterprise management to use indicators of assessment of resource and investment-innovation potentials, which should be considered as indicators of outputs of the production system, transformed and obtained as a result of the influence of the management mechanism. The analysis was carried out in two directions: resource and investment-innovation. A large number of indicators characterizing the state of the internal and external environment of enterprises were processed, and using the methods of factor analysis, they were replaced with a certain set of uncorrelated parameters, which allowed to reduce the dimension of the studied totality of data. The state of resource and investment-innovation potentials of enterprises was considered as a result of the influence of the management mechanism, taking into account industry affiliation, that is, separately for enterprises of mechanical engineering, light or food industries. As result of the analysis, the following general factors were formed for light industry enterprises: economic direction of capital use; efficiency of use of the labor and material resources; efficiency of use of the equity and borrowed capital; efficiency of use of the borrowed funds. For food industry enterprises, the following factors are formed: the economic direction of capital use; efficiency of the financial and production activities; the ability of the management mechanism to provide a stable amount of profit; efficiency of use of fixed assets. Within the terms of investment and innovation direction for mechanical engineering and light industry enterprises, the most important factor is that which can be interpreted as the efficiency of research activities, the less important factor – the direction of using own investments for innovation; of the smallest importance is the direction of using investment resources for the production of innovative products.

This study aims to analyse the spatial and temporal characteristics of the transfer of pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX), and particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns (PM10), which are embodied in the bilateral trade between China and India, and the transfer paths between various industries. A multiregional input–output model (MRIO) is constructed based on the EORA Database to track the economic connections and the effects of specific products across regional supply chains. The empirical results indicate the following significant findings. China is a net exporter of embodied pollutants in bilateral trade, and India is a net importer. CO accounted for the most significant amount of pollutants emitted by the bilateral trade between China and India. The energy intensity has mainly adverse effects on emissions of six pollutants, while the consumption scale has overall positive effects. Metal products and mining and quarrying are the top two industries producing the highest emissions at the export ends. The emissions of certain pollutants, such as SO2, are also particularly pronounced in individual sectors. Construction and electrical and machinery are the highest CO‐importing sectors of China and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the predictors of the propensity to pay cash dividend including industry structure, natural log of revenue, firm size, big 4 auditors, and financial leverage. The paper draws upon the theory of uncertain binary choice. Pooled unbalanced panel logistic regression and artificial neural network were used to analyze data of 725 firm-year observations obtained from companies’ annual accounts and financial statements from 2012 to 2021. The documented results find that industry structure, natural log of revenue (big 4 auditors, firms’ size and financial leverage) significantly influence the propensity to pay (not to pay) cash dividend. The result on the interaction term shows that industry structure and log revenue has the propensity to significantly predict non-payment of cash dividend. Nagelkerke pseudo R2 indicates that the predictors explain about 36% of variability in payment of cash dividend. The ROC-curves indicate good model fits as areas under the curve are up to .85. We recommend that the management of listed companies and equity stockholders who are interested in dividend payment should consider the history of industry structure and companies’ revenue while those not interested in dividend payment should consider company size, the presence of big 4 auditors and financial leverage. Keywords: Cash dividends, Industry structure, Independent

Structural transformation is a crucial prerequisite for inclusive and sustainable development. In this context, this study examines the influence of natural resource dependence on the transformation of industrial structure in a panel of 30 Sub-Saharan (SSA) economies from 1995 to 2019, taking into account the role of financial development. The empirical analysis relies on the newly developed bias-corrected method-of-moments estimator. The findings indicate that natural resource dependence leads to a reduction in the output contribution of the manufacturing and service industries. On the other hand, financial development through the institutions channel decreases the output value of extractive industries while increasing the output value of manufacturing and service industries, resulting in a net positive effect on the evolution of industrial structure away from extractive-based industrialization. Considering the complex multidimensional nature of financial development, further findings suggest that the depth and efficiency of financial systems are critical areas for deepening structural diversification in the sub-region. Additionally, the findings reveal a U-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and industrial structure transformation. These findings highlight that natural resource dependence inhibits structural transformation in SSA and emphasize the importance of enhancing the depth and efficiency of financial systems as part of strategies to break the resource curse.

Copyright of Ekonomika is the property of Society of Economists 'Ekonomika' and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The inter-regional freight volume is a crucial factor for transportation infrastructure planning and investment decision-making. However, existing studies on freight volume estimation have mainly focused on the total freight volume within a specific region, without taking freight flow into consideration. In this research, a gravity model was employed to estimate the inter-regional trade coefficient matrix based on the input–output tables of the 31 provinces in China in 2017. The inter-regional freight volume was then determined by converting the value flow into freight flow. To determine the model parameters, we used information from 2017 and subsequently validated the results using dates from 2012 to 2020. We also studied the impact of industrial structure change on freight volume by simulating dates from the aforementioned model in 2017. The results indicated that the model can effectively simulate inter-regional freight volume while taking into account the influence of industrial restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the Yangtze River Delta region, the spatial distribution and change characteristics of the employed population were assessed by selecting three time points: 2000, 2010 and 2020. Firstly, a correlation was established between population employment statistics and spatial units of administrative divisions to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the employed population in general and by industry; secondly, the changing characteristics of the spatial distribution of the employed population over time, including the migration of the centroid and density changes, were analyzed; thirdly, a systematic clustering approach was adopted to carry out a typological analysis of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from three perspectives: industrial structure, time stage and spatial level. It was found that (1) regional differences within the Yangtze River Delta are still significant, but are narrowing; (2) different cities or regions show different characteristics of development stages, and late-developing regions can learn from early developing regions; (3) metropolitan areas are still the main areas of employment concentration, and the spatial distribution of employment in some cities is beginning to suburbanize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuation and increasing importance of mining is inevitable as society embraces both the transition to a low-carbon economy and application of circular economy concepts. However, across many parts of society, there is an ongoing sense that those who are carrying many of the costs and risks related to mining particularly over the long term (often host communities and countries) are not seeing a level of benefit that seems fair. In contrast, there is frustration within the industry that mining is not being given due credit for the importance of its role in contemporary society by those who would criticize industry practices. Over the past several decades, dozens of initiatives aimed at strengthening mining's social and environmental performance have been mounted from both within and outside the industry. These generally depend on a "leadership-trickle-down" change model. While progress has been achieved, the society-industry trust deficit continues. The global mining community comprises a corporate core and a complex range of other surrounding interests. We suggest that some key questions regarding the nature of this community and its appetite and capacity for change have not been explored thus impeding the effectiveness of change management. We offer (1) an estimate of the number of companies that lie at the core of the global mining community: some 25,000 operating in about 140 countries (using data from the mid-2010s); (2) a profile of these companies as an initial step towards understanding the "culture" of the global mining community; and (3) a listing of additional complexities and observations important to bringing global-wide improvement to mining's social and environmental performance. We argue that building on work to date, a fresh approach is required. We are calling for a dialog to reflect on the ideas presented here, refine them as appropriate, and develop the needed strategies and action plans. Such a process must build from a comprehensive understanding of the global mining community and its culture. It must be collaborative in nature and involve not only the range of mining companies but also with surrounding interests and governments. If this is not done, the change that is needed to align actions of all mining actors with social values will not occur and the trust deficit will remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, special attention is paid to increasing the regional role in training personnel for the economy and social sphere, to implementing the “Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”, and to balanced development of the entire territory of Russia. The purpose of the article is to study the regional economic features of the Russian Federation members in relation with a personnel training structure with higher education. The sectoral specialisation of the Russian Federation members is assessed in the article on the example of the Siberian Federal District. The assessment is based on a comprehensive analysis of the sectoral structures of the Russian Federation members, economic activities localisation, population employment. It is emphasised that a degree of sector production concentration, which characterise the sectors importance in a national scale, must be taken into account. This will make it possible to optimise the personnel training structure with higher education. A comparison of specialists graduation in terms of specialties and areas enlarged groups with the population employment structure has shown that the regions specifics are not sufficiently taken into account by the training areas of higher education institutions. The results of the study can be useful to the top management of higher education institutions in the Russian regions.

Agri-food global value chains (GVCs) are failing to provide healthy and affordable diets within planetary boundaries. Many cutting-edge technologies are being developed to address the sustainability challenges throughout agri-food GVCs. While several studies seek to analyze the impacts of specific innovations on socioeconomic and environmental dimensions, the relationship between industry structure and the process of technological change has not received much attention in the value chain literature. Here, we focus on the entrepreneurial landscape of innovation in agri-food GVCs to 1) identify which technologies have been receiving most support from investors and 2) analyze the corporate strategies of the largest agri-food multinational companies regarding their investments in new technologies. Using Crunchbase as our primary data source and machine learning for natural language processing, we have identified around 15,500 companies developing innovations linked to agri-food GVCs, from farming to last-mile delivery. However, our analyses show an imbalanced scene in which downstream technologies capture most investors' interest. Then, we use these results to explore the direction of investments by dominant agri-food firms, where we identify three trends: upgrading strategies to improve their core activities, defensive strategies to control technologies competing with their core business, and corporate portfolio strategies to seize profit opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine industrial structure is an important indicator of the quality of marine economic development. This paper used the shift-share analysis method and introduced the growth rate index, regional structure effect index and regional competitiveness effect index to compare and analyze the marine industrial structure and competitiveness of six cities in the Liaoning coastal economic belt from 2009 to 2018. The research showed that the marine economy of Liaoning coastal economic belt developed rapidly. The overall structure of the marine industry was good, but within the marine industry, the development of the marine primary industry was slow and the comprehensive competitiveness was low. The proportion of emerging marine industries in the secondary marine industry was relatively small. The marine tertiary industry had become the leading industry of Liaoning coastal economic belt with obvious development advantages. Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt should pay more attention to the rational allocation of industrial development and try hard to form a coordinated and complementary sustainable development structure among industries.

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM2.5 μg m−3) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 109 m3, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.

The article offers information about the economic dynamics and population change of Australia's regional cities. It mentions that regional urban center population decline has been associated with remoteness and exposure to the resource economy. It discusses that capital cities are the main source of migration to regional urban centers, principally coastal and satellite centers with regional-to-regional-center migration highly self-contained.

We study anticompetitive horizontal mergers in a dynamic model with noisy collusion. At each instant, firms either privately choose output levels or merge to form a monopoly, trading off the benefits of avoiding price wars against the costs of merging. The potential to merge decreases pre-merger collusion, as punishments effected by price wars are weakened. We thus extend the result of Davidson and Deneckere [Davidson C, Deneckere R (1984) Horizontal mergers and collusive behavior. Internat. J. Indust. Organ. 2(2):117–132.], who analyzed the weakening of punishments post-merger, demonstrating that pre-merger collusion is weakened, in a fully stochastic model. Thus, although anticompetitive mergers harm competition ex post, the implication is that barriers and costs of merging due to regulation should be reduced to promote competition exante. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars showed that in transition and developing countries originating from the Soviet period, the degree of market competition is rather low, as large corporates that had been operating were still prevailing. One can assume that the markets had been highly attractive and many newcomers must have been interested in entering the market, due to fewer market participants, i.e. processors and retailers, but numerous farmers are engaged in the commodity production. Th is had provoked relatively high profitability for downstream firms acting on the local market and likely increased the market competition. However, evidence exists that market structures and hence competition is still hampered. Therefore, this study aims to show how competition in markets of transition countries has developed and provide a detailed description of the market structure to derive the degree of competition. As the subject of research, the Armenian wine industry has been exemplarily chosen as its wine industry is emerging and represents a key sector in the Armenian agri-food industry. Similar cases exist in other transitioning and developing countries. Empirical results from the qualitative research that allows a comprehensive overview of the whole sector reveal that the competition intensity is relatively low, and wine producers act in an oligopolistic market surrounding. Based on this, implications for producers and policy makers are derived, which include competitive and rural policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The detrimental impact of dominant corporations active in health-harming commodity industries is well recognised. However, to date, existing analyses of the ways in which corporations influence health have paid limited attention to corporate market power. Accordingly, the public health implications of concentrated market structures, the use of anti-competitive market strategies, and the ways in which market power mediates the allocation and distribution of resources via market systems, remain relatively unexplored. To address this gap, this paper aimed to identify and explore key literature that could inform a comprehensive framework to examine corporate market power from a public health perspective. The ultra-processed food (UPF) industry was used to provide illustrative examples. Methods A scoping review of a diverse range of literature, including Industrial Organization, welfare economics, global political economy and antitrust policy, was conducted to identify important concepts and metrics that could be drawn upon within the field of public health to understand and explore market power. The Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model, a guiding principle of antitrust policy and the regulation of market power, was used as an organising framework. Results We described each of the components of the traditional SCP model and how they have historically been used to assess market power through examining the interrelations between the structure of industries and markets, the conduct of dominant firms, and the overall ability of markets and firms to efficiently allocate and distribute the scarce resources. Conclusion We argue that the SCP model is well-placed to broaden public health research into the ways in which corporations influence health. In addition, the development of a comprehensive framework based on the key findings of this paper could help the public health community to better engage with a set of policy and regulatory tools that have the potential to curb the concentration of corporate power for the betterment of population health.

In studies of low consumption in China, there is a lack of consideration of land policy, which may be an important factor contributing to the industrial structure, thus impacting consumption. This paper explores the relationship between local governments' distorted land supply strategies and final consumption and its mechanism of action based on panel data for 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017, using a fixed-effects panel model and a mediating-effects model. The results show that (1) the ratio of industrial land supply area to the land supply area of commercial and residential significantly suppresses the final consumption rate, and the results remain significant after robustness tests; (2) the effect of land supply structure on final consumption is related to the development strategy adopted by local governments and the urban–rural inequity, thus showing heterogeneity, with regions with high economic growth and large urban–rural income gaps further contributing to the suppression of consumption rates; (3) the intermediation effect suggests that the structure of land supply affects consumption through the industrial structure. As land supply favors the development of industrial enterprises, it increases the ratio of gross capital formation to GDP and can have a crowding-out effect on the income of the household sector, thus reducing the rate of final consumption. Under the Chinese decentralization system, in order to achieve regional economic development, local governments intervene in the allocation of land resources among different industries through differentiated land supply strategies, resulting in an industrial structure dominated by the secondary industry, which has an important impact on consumption. Therefore, the reform of the land supply structure should be accelerated to restrain the excessive intervention of local governments in the land supply structure and promote the transformation of the economic development model to enhance consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban systems, and regions more generally, are the epicenters of many of today's social issues. Yet they are also the global drivers of technological innovation, and thus it is critical that we understand their vulnerabilities and what makes them resilient to different types of shocks. We take regions to be systems composed of internal networks of interdependent components. As the connectedness of those networks increases, it allows information and resources to move more rapidly within a region. Yet, it also increases the speed and efficiency at which the effects of shocks cascade through the system. Here we analyzed regional networks of interdependent industries and how their structures relate to a region's vulnerability to shocks. Methodologically, we utilized a metric of economic connectedness called tightness which quantifies a region's internal connectedness relative to other regions. We calculated tightness for German regions during the Great Recession, comparing it to each region's economic performance during the shock (2007–2009) and during recovery (2009–2011). We find that tightness is negatively correlated with changes in economic performance during the shock but positively during recovery. This suggests that regional economic planners face a tradeoff between being more productive or being more vulnerable to the next economic shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides an evidence-based enquiry into the causes of low productivity, polarised industry structure and their relations with labour market institutions in major states of India. Unit level data of NSSO's 73rd Round of Unincorporated Enterprise Survey for the year 2015–16 and ASI 2015–16 unit level data have been used to estimate relevant parameters and these are cross-checked by using NSSO's 67th Round of Unincorporated Enterprise Survey for the year 2009–10 and ASI 2009–10. The debate that took place during the late 1990s and early years of the first decade of the twenty-first century was mainly centred on explaining the reasons for low productivity syndrome as pro-labour and anti-labour policies nurturing or weakening particular labour market institutions. However, the present study shows that the broader institutional environments, which are very sticky unless the state consciously makes attempts to change through mass involvement and strict laws, under which labour market institutions operate, state policies are framed and implemented play the most determining role in the evolution of industry structure and the performance of the industry. Pro-business institutional environments are lacking and anti-establishment institutions are prominent in many states where mobility of micro and small firms along the size-ladder has been highly restricted which results in polarised structure or the so-called phenomenon of "missing middle" and low productivity of a large majority of the workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the competitive development of regional agricultural producers in terms of correction of their sectoral structure in the context of European integration processes. Methodology / methodology / approach. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the theory and practice of competitive development of agricultural production considering exogenous and endogenous factors. Of the special research methods used economic and statistical — in analyzing the current state and forecasting the prospects for competitive development of regional agricultural producers in terms of European integration processes, graphical — to determine the projected volumes of livestock products on farms in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, abstract and logical substantiation of the institutional and economic mechanism of competitive development of agricultural producers of the Carpathian region of Ukraine in the context of correction of their branch structure. Results. The study revealed that given the possibility of establishing cross-border partnerships, deepening economic European integration with EU countries, an important economic priority of regional agricultural producers in the Carpathian region of Ukraine is the ability to form a market for various types of agri-food products with a geographical indication. The Carpathian region of Ukraine has a strong enough land and resource potential for the production of quality and safe dairy products with high added value. According to the calculations, provided the use of competitive advantages, which are enshrined in law in the EU, in the study region, the potential production of the most important livestock products — milk on farms can increase from 14 thousand tons to 252 thousand tons, or 18 times. In the region, the revival of traditional areas of specialization in agricultural production will contribute to the correction of its sectoral structure, improving organizational and economic conditions for self-sufficiency in livestock products, minimizing economic risk due to expanding areas of specialization, reducing transaction costs for transportation and sales enterprises of various organizational and legal forms of management that will produce products with high added value. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the organizational and economic principles of optimizing the sectoral structure of regional agricultural producers, considering the competitive advantages that are enshrined in law in the EU. Practical value / significance. According to the calculations in the Carpathian region, taking into account the principle of bonus of 10.0% for agri-food organic, including niche or craft livestock products with a geographical indication will adjust the industry structure of agricultural enterprises in accordance with scientifically sound requirements and increase the traditional level of production at the same time, the vital type of food products — milk by 13.0—22.0 percentage points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the topic is determined by the multifaceted role of telecommunications in the sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the tasks set in the government Strategy of Information Technology Industry Development in the Russian Federation for 2014–2020 and for the future until 2025. The development of telecommunication technologies as an integral part of sustainable spatial development of territories requires substantial investment, and their dynamics directly affects the quality and pace of new technologies implementation in daily life, and accordingly affects the amount of data transmitted and its mobility, which influence the development of socio-economic systems of different levels. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the data on the dynamics of investments in fixed capital of enterprises and organizations in the field of telecommunications in Russian Federation over the period from 1998 to 2017 and to determine the tendency of a number. Various methods were used in the study: general logical methods of cognition, comparative analysis, graphical, tabular and statistical analysis, forecast modeling method. The article contains: a review of publications on the relationship between investment and growth rate in telecommunications; characteristics of the object of study (temporal dynamics and regional revenue structure in the industry, industry structure); indicators characterizing the dynamics of capital investments in telecommunications. The results of the study are as follows: modern approaches to understanding of influence of investments in fixed capital on economic growth are identified; the characteristic of the economic condition of the telecommunication industry is given; the indicators characterizing the growth of investments in fixed capital of enterprises and organizations of the telecommunication industry are calculated; the growth rates that describe the trend of capital investments growth are determined. The main results, provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in development of strategies of telecommunication industry development, in making investment decisions.

Greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, are viewed as one of the core causes of climate change, and it has become one of the most important environmental problems in the world. This paper attempts to investigate the relation between CO2 emissions and economic growth, industry structure, urbanization, research and development (R&D) investment, actual use of foreign capital, and growth rate of energy consumption in China between 2000 and 2018. This study is important for China as it has pledged to peak its carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. We apply a suite of machine learning algorithms on the training set of data, 2000–2015, and predict the levels of CO2 emissions for the testing set, 2016–2018. Employing rmse for model selection, results show that the nonlinear model of k-nearest neighbors (KNN) model performs the best among linear models, nonlinear models, ensemble models, and artificial neural networks for the present dataset. Using KNN model, sensitivity analysis of CO2 emissions around its centroid position was conducted. The findings indicate that not all provinces should develop its industrialization. Some provinces should stay at relatively mild industrialization stage while selected others should develop theirs as quickly as possible. It is because CO2 emissions will eventually decrease after saturation point. In terms of urbanization, there is an optimal range for a province. At the optimal range, the CO2 emissions would be at a minimum, and it is likely a result of technological innovation in energy usage and efficiency. Moreover, China should increase its R&D investment intensity from the present level as it will decrease CO2 emissions. If R&D reinvestment is associated with actual use of foreign capital, policy makers should prioritize the use of foreign capital for R&D investment on green technology. Last, economic growth requires consuming energy. However, policy makers must refrain from consuming energy beyond a certain optimal growth rate. The above findings provide a guide to policy makers to achieve dual-carbon strategy while sustaining economic development.

The marketization of factors in China lags behind that of products, and this lag is directly manifested as insufficient effective supply of labor, rising labor costs of enterprises, and serious distortion of labor resource allocation, which to a great extent restricts the economic transformation from "quantity" to the "quality" growth. The labor allocation effect of smart cities plays an important role in promoting the transformation to high-quality development in China, but there is still a lack of empirical research testing this effect. Based on panel data of 151 cities at the prefecture level and above for the period 2006–2018, this paper uses a DID model to evaluate the impact of smart city pilot projects on labor misallocation. The results show that, first, smart cities can significantly reduce labor misallocation, and this finding holds under a series of robustness tests. Second, smart cities can reduce labor misallocation through the formation of industrial agglomeration and the upgrading of the industrial structure. Third, the effect of smart cities was more significant in central and eastern cities and large-scale cities than in western cities and small and medium-scale cities. Fourth, smart cities have a significant spatial spillover effect on the reduction of labor misallocation. • This paper enriches the smart cities and labor misallocation research. • This paper regards the construction of smart cities as a quasinatural experiment. • The smart city project is divided into direct, indirect and spatial spillover effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The detrimental impact of dominant corporations active in health-harming commodity industries is well recognised. However, to date, existing analyses of the ways in which corporations influence health have paid limited attention to corporate market power. Accordingly, the public health implications of concentrated market structures, the use of anti-competitive market strategies, and the ways in which market power mediates the allocation and distribution of resources via market systems, remain relatively unexplored. To address this gap, this paper aimed to identify and explore key literature that could inform a comprehensive framework to examine corporate market power from a public health perspective. The ultra-processed food (UPF) industry was used to provide illustrative examples.Methods: A scoping review of a diverse range of literature, including Industrial Organization, welfare economics, global political economy and antitrust policy, was conducted to identify important concepts and metrics that could be drawn upon within the field of public health to understand and explore market power. The Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model, a guiding principle of antitrust policy and the regulation of market power, was used as an organising framework.Results: We described each of the components of the traditional SCP model and how they have historically been used to assess market power through examining the interrelations between the structure of industries and markets, the conduct of dominant firms, and the overall ability of markets and firms to efficiently allocate and distribute the scarce resources.Conclusion: We argue that the SCP model is well-placed to broaden public health research into the ways in which corporations influence health. In addition, the development of a comprehensive framework based on the key findings of this paper could help the public health community to better engage with a set of policy and regulatory tools that have the potential to curb the concentration of corporate power for the betterment of population health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of home consumption pricing by Giblin and Copland in the 1930s preceded the development of an identifiable Australian agricultural economics profession. They demonstrated that costs of increasing domestic prices of agricultural products above export levels would be borne largely by lightly assisted exporters and hinder their development. This work was taken up later within a framework of computable general equilibrium modelling. Now largely of historical interest, their work sheds light on likely consequences of some past policy debates ‑ of protection all round in the 1920s and tariff compensation in the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In studies of low consumption in China, there is a lack of consideration of land policy, which may be an important factor contributing to the industrial structure, thus impacting consumption. This paper explores the relationship between local governments’ distorted land supply strategies and final consumption and its mechanism of action based on panel data for 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2017, using a fixed-effects panel model and a mediating-effects model. The results show that (1) the ratio of industrial land supply area to the land supply area of commercial and residential significantly suppresses the final consumption rate, and the results remain significant after robustness tests; (2) the effect of land supply structure on final consumption is related to the development strategy adopted by local governments and the urban–rural inequity, thus showing heterogeneity, with regions with high economic growth and large urban–rural income gaps further contributing to the suppression of consumption rates; (3) the intermediation effect suggests that the structure of land supply affects consumption through the industrial structure. As land supply favors the development of industrial enterprises, it increases the ratio of gross capital formation to GDP and can have a crowding-out effect on the income of the household sector, thus reducing the rate of final consumption. Under the Chinese decentralization system, in order to achieve regional economic development, local governments intervene in the allocation of land resources among different industries through differentiated land supply strategies, resulting in an industrial structure dominated by the secondary industry, which has an important impact on consumption. Therefore, the reform of the land supply structure should be accelerated to restrain the excessive intervention of local governments in the land supply structure and promote the transformation of the economic development model to enhance consumption.

Spaces that provide their main functions during the period they were built cannot meet the needs over time and become out of use. With the change and progress of the conditions of the period, industrial structures that have lost their original function and become idle must be refunctionalized and regained back to the city. Industrial structures should be preserved as our cultural heritage, ensured sustainability and transferred to future generations. It is an intense process that industrial structures are re-functionalized and regained to the city with their new identities. The response it finds in its users is very important in order for the new function of the transformed building to be included in life and to be adopted. The transformation should be realized by evaluating the perception of the space to be re-functional on the human with all its dimensions. In this way, buildings will be able to find a response in people and life with their new functions while preserving their original identity. In this study, the perception of space on human beings was quantificationed and evaluated for buildings with different functions, re-functionalized from industrial buildings. According to the given function, the findings regarding the physical and emotional perception of the participant on the basis of the old and new functions, interior and facade, and evaluations were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the potential of social space formation in the step streets and the affecting factors were discussed. Within the scope of the study, step streets, social space, public space, belonging to the city have been researched and aimed to establish conceptual links by associating them with the city. Just as there are popular step streets over the world, there are also step streets which attract attention in the historical regions of Istanbul. With the qualitative research method, the use of the public space of the staircase streets was examined through the parameters of accessibility, comfort, efficiency and aesthetics, and in this context, the success of use as a social space, the potentials of the stairs were determined by on-site observation and measurement methods. Within the scope of the study, Balat Merdivenli Mektep Street, Beyoğlu Hacı Ali Street and Üsküdar Yeni Dünya Street are evaluated in detail in terms of physical and social spatial features. Within the framework of the findings obtained, the contributions of the stairs to the environment and lifestyle were examined. The existence of the step streets as a social space and their participation in the city life were researched through the visibility of the social media, the photo and video sharing application "Instagram", and the visibility of the streets with the social media were evaluated through the users' shares. The research results show that the streets and the physical properties of the streets with stairs contribute to the potential of social space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates on the micro-foundations of strategy have reignited discussions about true determinants of performance heterogeneities in firms. According to the "structure-based view" of performance, the way a firm fits into the industry structure is seen as the primary source of competitive advantage. On the other hand, the "strategy-based view" contends that process-based aspects of firms should be accordedfar more importance in the study of the determinants of performance than macro, structural indicators. In this paper, we are arguing that linking the research on the strategic variables with structural research can explicate a number of unexplained facets of firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine industry is significantly affected by globalization and changes in consumption habits and shifts in lifestyle, which lead to changes in the market environment and intensity of competition in the wine markets. Overall, wine cooperatives have a market share of more than 40 % in Europe. In Germany, they account for around one third of the total wine production. The decreasing number of wine cooperatives and their members leads to the assumption that wine cooperatives have difficulties adapting to the different market environment and though, need to select and implement competitive strategies. The aim of this paper is to identify and develop competitive strategies for wine cooperatives in the German wine industry. Therefore, the external forces affecting competitive rivalry in the wine industry are being evaluated for wine cooperatives in Germany. A qualitative approach has been applied including in-depth interviews with managing directors and chairmen of the board (n=15). Data were transcribed verbatim and content analysed. Results showed that the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors is high. Bargaining power of wine cooperatives towards buyers and suppliers strongly depends on their size. However, generally the bargaining power of retailers is high, although this depends on the retail channel (discounters, food retail, specialized retail, specialized wholesale, gastronomy). Five main strategy dimensions emerged: (1) the cost leadership and cost focus strategy, (2) the differentiation and differentiation focus strategy, (3) collaboration among producers, (4) offering additional services, and (5) options for improved membership relations and increased youth involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the economics of pricing under imperfect competition. It studies how industry concentration interacts with the elasticity of demand to affect pricing. When the demand elasticity decreases with increased market concentration, it can have significant effects on pricing. This issue is investigated empirically in an analysis of the determinants of nitrogen fertilizer prices in the US. The U.S. nitrogen fertilizer industry is an interesting case study for two reasons: First, it has exhibited increasing concentration over the last few decades. Second, the elasticity of U.S. demand for nitrogen fertilizer has decreased over that time period. Our analysis documents how a more inelastic demand for fertilizer—in addition to increased market concentration—has contributed to higher fertilizer prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]