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This book reviews China's industrialization from the perspective of inclusiveness, and discusses the challenges arising from its industrialization process and how the Chinese people view and seek to overcome these challenges. By examining China's industrialization in the context of the global economy, it reveals how China should be further integrated into and contribute to the great endeavor of worldwide industrialization and human development in the new era of economic globalization, allowing it to become a responsible stakeholder through its national rejuvenation for the benefit of the entire world.

First published in 1999, this volume aims to explore the impact of China's recent economic reforms and dynamic economic progress on land use, the property market and construction activity under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping until his death in 1997. Following the famine and bloody mayhem of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping took on the task of piecing the country back together to once more become a leading world economy. Here, Jean Jinghan Chen and David Wills concentrate on his reforms and progress, examining at what point power can be said to have passed from Deng Xiaoping to Jiang Zemin, to what extent Deng's political philosophy remained in place under the new government and what this means for China's economic reforms on land, property and construction. The authors provide a view on how management of the physical environment needs to be considered in the context of economic progress to achieve sustainable development.

This book focuses on China's economic transformation at firm and institution levels. It shares insights into the growth of innovative Chinese firms in the automobile and telecom equipment sectors, both of which promoted social dialogue of policy-making and ultimately contributed to a policy paradigm shift in China's'indigenous innovation'. The book illustrates, through case studies on firms like Geely, the Chery, the BYD, Huawei, the ZTE and the DTT, how these firms behave differently from other local actors and what social conditions had contributed to their success. The book will help those who are interested to learn more about the rise of innovative Chinese firms to better understand the dynamics of China's industrial progress.

Based on long-term research, this book comprehensively and systematically discusses the industrialization process in China, analyzing the level, characteristics, achievements and experiences as well as the problems faced. It also provides answers to important questions related to economic development and the industrialization process in China, such as what level of industrialization China has achieved and whether China can become an industrialized country. Lastly, it offers an explanation of China's economic development from the perspective of industrialization.

This book explores the development of the putting-out system in hand-woven textile industries in late Qing Dynasty and China's Republican Period. In classic sociology theory, the putting-out system in handcraft production was regarded as traditional and inefficient. In the context of Republican China, it was believed that this kind of household-based production system would have totally failed in competition with the factory system of machinery production. However, this book exhibits the historical fact that the putting-out system was booming in handcraft textile production and subsequently provides an explanation to this phenomenon from the perspectives of institutional analysis and quantitative modeling. With rich county-level data and comprehensive analysis, this book is valuable for both researchers, academics and students in economics and social history studies.

China's westernmost province of Xinjiang has experienced escalating cycles of violence, interethnic strife, and state repression since the 1990s. In their search for the roots of these growing tensions, scholars have tended to focus on ethnic clashes and political disputes. In Natural Resources and the New Frontier, historian Judd C. Kinzley takes a different approach—one that works from the ground up to explore the infrastructural and material foundation of state power in the region. As Kinzley argues, Xinjiang's role in producing various natural resources for regional powers has been an important but largely overlooked factor in fueling unrest. He carefully traces the buildup to this unstable situation over the course of the twentieth century by focusing on the shifting priorities of Chinese, Soviet, and provincial officials regarding the production of various resources, including gold, furs, and oil among others. Through his archival work, Kinzley offers a new way of viewing Xinjiang that will shape the conversation about this important region and offer a model for understanding the development of other frontier zones in China as well as across the global south.

An account of China's transition into a global capitalist economy, as agrarian reform in the 1980s led Chinese peasants to industrial cities and into povertyIn the early 1980s, China undertook a massive reform that dismantled its socialist rural collectives and divided the land among millions of small peasant families. Known as the decollectivization campaign, it is one of the most significant reforms in China's transition to a market economy. From the beginning, the official Chinese accounts, and many academic writings, uncritically portray this campaign as a huge success, both for the peasants and the economy as a whole. This mainstream history argues that the rural communes, suffering from inefficiency, greatly improved agricultural productivity under the decollectivization reform. It also describes how the peasants, due to their dissatisfaction with the rural regime, spontaneously organized and collectively dismantled the collective system. A closer examination suggests a much different and more nuanced story. By combining historical archives, field work, and critical statistical examinations, From Commune to Capitalism argues that the decollectivization campaign was neither a bottom-up, spontaneous peasant movement, nor necessarily efficiency-improving. On the contrary, the reform was mainly a top-down, coercive campaign, and most of the efficiency gains came from simply increasing the usage of inputs, such as land and labor, rather than institutional changes. The book also asks an important question: Why did most of the peasants peacefully accept this reform? Zhun Xu answers that the problems of the communes contributed to the passiveness of the peasantry; that decollectivization, by depoliticizing the peasantry and freeing massive rural labor to compete with the urban workers, served as both the political and economic basis for consequent Chinese neoliberal reforms and a massive increase in all forms of economic, political, and social inequality. Decollectivization was, indeed, a huge success, although far from the sort suggested by mainstream accounts.

The Chinese economy has been the subject of substantial research in recent years in the United States and abroad. Much has been made of significant strides toward industrial development since the Communist takeover. But it is impossible to understand what has been achieved unless one measures these gains against economic events in the pre-Communist period. This book offers a record of China's industrialization, with its comprehensive statistical analysis of the industrial growth of pre-Communist China.Industrial Development in Pre-Communist China covers the period from 1912 to 1949 and deals with all of China irrespective of changes in political boundaries. For purposes of this study,''industrial production''includes mining, metallurgy, manufacturing, and fuel and power; the construction industry is not included. Chang finds that the average annual rate of growth of the modern industrial sector during the pre-World War I period was about 8 or 9 percent, including Manchuria. During the period from 1928 to 1936, under the Nanking Government, political unification was achieved. Peace and order were maintained and the necessary foundations for economic transformation in the post-World War II period were established.At the time of its original publication in 1969, Chang's work represented an important first step toward a comprehensive, quantitative study of the history of China's industrialization and a benchmark against which the Communist achievement can be measured, this work forces reconsideration of widely held views on China's economic and industrial development. An important reference for the study of Chinese history and economics, especially for the Republican period, Chang's work is of continuing value to all Sinologists and to specialists in economic development and economic history.

This book explores some of the most common mistakes made by multinational companies doing business in China, in both cultural and managerial contexts. These shared mistakes could be as far-reaching as managing talent, local vs. global decision making, or could be as mundane as managing title, pay and performance. Many mistakes are rooted in a lack of understanding of the Chinese market in two areas: the unique talent and culture environment, and the immense opportunity potential. Very often, MNCs'global or local leaders lack the ability to make discretional decisions with one-size-fits-all approaches under the cloak of global consistency, or treating a China operation as one-of-the outfits (and a small one in the world revenue pool), even though they understand the market potential in theory. MNCs have enjoyed great success in China while many others have yet to realize their opportunities. China business continues to grow, and opportunities continue to develop. This book will guide business leaders on how to avoid the most common management pitfalls in China business, and will help the capitalize on the huge opportunity that remains in this region.

It is a conventional belief that the Chinese industrial economy is dominated by large state-owned enterprises closely connected with political power. While this perception is correct for some industries, such as petroleum refinery, this fascinating book, edited by Mariko Watanabe, presents us with a vivid picture of another side of the economy, where smaller enterprises specializing in separate modular products compete with each other on the basis of a common platform, contributing to its dynamism. The book combines fresh theories and hypotheses, derived from intimate field work, with empirical testing. This is certainly an eye-opening work for everyone interested in the future of the Chinese economy.'- Masahiko Aoki, Stanford University, USIn the past two decades, China has experienced rapid industrial and economic growth. This fascinating book explores the unique Chinese business strategy of vigorous market entry and low prices, which has been the key feature of this accelerated industrial growth.Using a rich accumulation of research, the authors lay out a simple microeconomics framework to explain how Chinese industries have developed, aided by vertically disintegrated value chains and utilization of technology and transaction platforms. Case studies of specific industries - including electronics, automobiles, coal and energy, agriculture, finance, and pharmaceuticals - contribute to the comprehensive and timely analysis.This book will appeal to scholars and students of industrial development, industrial organization, and development economics, as well as Chinese and Asian studies.Contributors: Y. Asuyama, K. Ding, H. Hoken, N. Horii, K. Kimura, T. Marukawa, M. Ohara, J. Pan, M. Watanabe, M. Yamaguchi

In the past three decades, China has successfully transformed itself from an extremely poor economy to the world's second largest economy. The country's phenomenal economic growth has been sustained primarily by its rapid and continuous industrialisation. Currently industry accounts for nearly two-fifth of China's gross domestic product, and since 2009 China has been the world's largest exporter of manufactured products. This book explores the question of how far this industrial growth has been the product of government policies. It discusses how government policies and their priorities have developed and evolved, examines how industrial policies are linked to policies in other areas, such as trade, technology and regional development, and assesses how new policy initiatives are encouraging China's increasing success in new technology-intensive industries. It also demonstrates how China's industrial policies are linked to development of industrial clusters and regions.

This book provides new perspectives on recent Asian dynamism which go beyond the mainstream views, by attempting to situate the recent economic expansion within a broader analysis of capitalist accumulation and the various processes that it generates both within and across economies. The contributions in the book include analyses of recent growth patterns in both China and India; assessments of the sustainability of such growth and potential constraints and pitfalls; the role of international finance in affecting both national and international growth and employment patterns; the factors determining particular accumulation strategies and the results of these strategies. These forces within the two economies of China and India are situated within a broader assessment of the impacts on the world economy, by identifying long run tendencies in international capitalism and changing patterns of uneven development. Specific issues emerging within the Asian region are identified, including not just the relations between the three large Asian economies, but also the wider geopolitical implications as well as the political economy of these changes. This book therefore provides a more comprehensive examination of the longer run dynamics of the global capitalist system in which these economies are necessarily destined to play more significant roles in future.

Commodities permeate virtually every aspect of modern daily living, but for all their importance -- their breadth, their depth, their intricacies, and their central role in daily life -- few people who are not economists or traders know how commodity markets work. Almost every day, newspaper headlines and media commentators scream warnings of impending doom -- shortages of arable land, clashes over water, and political conflict as global demand for fossil fuels outstrips supply. The picture is bleak, but our grasp of the details and the macro shifts in commodities markets remain blurry.Winner Take All is about the commodity dynamics that the world will face over the next several decades. In particular, it is about the implications of China's rush for resources across all regions of the world. The scale of China's resource campaign for hard commodities (metals and minerals) and soft commodities (timber and food) is among the largest in history. To be sure, China is not the first country to launch a global crusade to secure resources. From Britain's transcontinental operations dating back to the end of the 16th century, to the rise of modern European and American transnational corporations between the mid 1860's and 1870's, the industrial revolution that powered these economies created a voracious demand for raw materials and created the need to go far beyond their native countries. So too is China's resource rush today. Although still in its early stages, already the breadth of China's operation is awesome, and seemingly unstoppable. China's global charge for commodities is a story of China's quest to secure its claims on resource assets, and to guarantee the flow of inputs needed to continue to drive economic development. Moyo, an expert in global commodities markets, explains the implications of China's resource grab in a world of diminishing resources.

Is China becoming the'workshop of the world'in the same way as Britain and the United States once were; or is China – as some multinational companies believe – simply a processing segment in global production networks? This book examines China's role in the international division of labor: it analyzes the scale and scope of China's manufacture; the type and relative sophistication of its exports in the world market; and its position in the global value chain. It shows that China monopolizes industrial production by being the processing center of world.Based on extensive original research, this book examines the structure of production in global manufacturing industries, applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. It analyzes each segment of the value chain, exploring in depth several specific industrial sectors. It concludes that China has become deeply integrated into global manufacturing industry; that China's position in the value chain is still quite low, with relatively low research and development (R&D) and other similar high-value activities; but that, in some sectors, China is catching up rapidly, especially in newly emerging sectors.

A great burst of globalization brought the 20th century to a close, creating upheaval in the world economy from roughly 1995 to 2008. And now a second upheaveal is in the offing following the severe financial crisis that plunged the global economy into recession in 2008-09. The first upheaval witnessed a massive migration of manufacturing and certain business services that transformed Asia into the industrial heartland of the world. The second upheaval will likely consolidate Asia's industrial preeminence and could result in a concentration of industrial activities in the two most populous and fastest-growing Asian economies -- China and India. As the two Asian giants become the industrial equals of the United States, Germany, and Japan, the ramifications will affect trade and growth worldwide, the future of development in China and India, and industrialization throughout Asia. This book examines these developments, focusing specifically on China and India. Its analysis and conclusions will be of particular interest to policy makers and academics, as well as anyone with an interest in how China and India are likely to reshape industry throughout Asia.

The world and China's place in it have been transformed over the past year. The pressures for change have come from the most severe global financial crisis ever. The crisis has accelerated China's emergence as a great power. But China and its global partners have yet to think or work through the consequences of its new position for the governance of world affairs. China's New Place in a World in Crisis discusses and provides in-depth analysis of the following questions. How have China's growth prospects been affected by the global crisis? How will the crisis and China's response to it impact China's major domestic issues, such as industrialisation, urbanisation and the reform of the state-owned sector of the economy? How will the crisis and the international community's response to it affect the rapidly emerging new international order? What will be China's, and other major developing countries', new role? Can China and the world find a way of breaking the nexus between economic growth and environmental sustainability — especially on the issue of climate change?

The growth of rural industry in China since 1978 has been explosive. Much of the existing literature explains its growth in terms of changes in economic policy. By means of a combination of privatization, liberalization and fiscal decentralization, it is argued, rural industrialization has taken off. This book takes issue with such claims. Using a newly constructed dataset covering all of China's 2000 plus counties and complemented by a detailed econometric study of county-level industrialization in the provinces of Sichuan, Guangdong and Jiangsu, the author demonstrates that history mattered. More precisely, it is argued that the development of rural industry in the Maoist period set in motion a process of learning-by-doing whereby China's rural workforce gradually acquired an array of skills and competencies. As a result, rural industrialization was accelerating well before the 1978 climacteric. The growth of the 1980s and 1990s is therefore likely to be a continuation of this process. Without prior Maoist development of skills, the growth of the post-1978 era would have been much slower, and perhaps would not have occurred at all - as has been the case in countries such as India and Vietnam. This is not to say that the Maoist legacy was without flaw. Many of the rural industries created under Mao were geared towards meeting defence-related objectives resulting in inefficiencies, and there can be no question that post-1978 policy changes facilitated the growth process. But without the Maoist inheritance, rural industrialization across China would have been unsuccessful.

For some twenty-five years after 1949, China did not exist and the country was only rediscovered in the 1970s. As China looks set to soar in the new millennium, there is an urgency to understand the world's most populous economy with a billion plus people. This book aims to shed light on the country's rapid industrialization and internationalization by looking at questions such as: Can China sustain its accelerated rate of growth? Can labor supply be sustained at a relatively low wage rate? Can inflow of foreign direct investment be sustained at a high rate, given the consequent exposure to inflation? Will China's domestic market absorb its own output as the limit on the ability to export manufactures to overseas markets is reached? Is China's currency undervalued? Given China's foreign exchange reserves, should the country have a freely convertible currency?

The updated edition of journalist Ted C. Fishman's bestselling explanation of how China is rapidly becoming a global industrial superpower and how the American economy is challenged by this new reality.China today is visible everywhere -- in the news, in the economic pressures battering the globe, in our workplaces, and in every trip to the store. Provocative, timely, and essential -- and updated with new statistics and information -- this dramatic account of China's growing dominance as an industrial superpower by journalist Ted C. Fishman explains how the profound shift in the world economic order has occurred -- and why it already affects us all. How has an enormous country once hobbled by poverty and Communist ideology come to be the supercharged center of global capitalism? What does it mean that China now grows three times faster than the United States? Why do nearly all of the world's biggest companies have large operations in China? What does the corporate march into China mean for workers left behind in America, Europe, and the rest of the world? Meanwhile, what makes China's emerging corporations so dangerously competitive? What will happen when China manufactures nearly everything -- computers, cars, jumbo jets, and pharmaceuticals -- that the United States and Europe can, at perhaps half the cost? How do these developments reach around the world and straight into all of our lives? These are ground-shaking questions, and China, Inc. provides answers. Veteran journalist Ted C. Fishman shows how China will force all of us to make big changes in how we think about ourselves as consumers, workers, citizens, and even as parents. The result is a richly engaging work of penetrating, up-to-the-minute reportage and brilliant analysis that will forever change how readers think about America's future.

China is shaping the global economy as never before. An insatiable demand for commodities, energy resources, capital, and deepening integration to the world economy has won China acclaim. Yet 25 years of rapid industrial development, far-reaching economic reforms, and increasing international competition have also created an array of challenging domestic policy demands. The China Boom and its Discontents discusses the financial and social challenges that have emerged in the wake of rapid economic growth. How well prepared is China for a rapidly changing labor market structure and ageing population? Is the financial and banking sector ready for foreign competition? Is growth sustainable at current levels and what are the implications of revaluing the yuan? Recent research on demographic trends, labor movements, financial development, social security, urbanization, and trade agreements highlight the unfinished progress of reforms in China.