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Three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical oxidation has become a popular advanced oxidation technology for wastewater treatment due to its various benefits. In this study, cerium (Ce) loaded biochar (Ce/BC) was used as a particle electrode to conduct the degradation of industrial wastewater released by the chemical industry. SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and BET were used to characterize the properties of Ce/BC. The effects of some variables, including Ce loading (0–5%), pH (5–9), Ce/BC dosage (12.5–50.0 g/L), and working voltage (12–20 V), were evaluated with regard to COD elimination. The kinetics of COD oxidation and the energy consumption were carefully investigated. Tert-butanol significantly reduced the removal efficiency of COD, indicating that hydroxyl radicals generated during the process rather than direct electro-oxidation were the main mechanism for COD degradation. The treatment of industrial wastewater might benefit from the use of Ce/BC as particle electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we successfully modified wood sponge (WS) with Fe3O4 (MWS) to enhance its ability to adsorb five different oils, eight organic solvents, metal ions, and degrade methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. MWS, possessing over 96% porosity, exhibited remarkable sorption capacities of 26.79 g g− 1 for CCl4 and 21.00 g g− 1 for pump oil. Notably, MWS maintained high sorption capacity even after repeated use. Furthermore, MWS effectively removed toxic metal ions including As3+, Cr6+, and Pb2+ from real industrial wastewater, at pH 4 and 50 °C to levels suitable for drinking water. Also, MWS demonstrated excellent photocatalytic properties for degrading methylene blue dye. The photodegradation process involved the generation of superoxide anion radicals and the participation of hydroxyl radicals. The magnetic properties of MWS allow for easy remote retrieval using a magnet, making it a cost-effective and reusable solution for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate estimation of pollution sources of industrial wastewater, which is detrimental to the environment and human health, facilitates river quality management. In this study wastewater-specific elements in downstream river water were used to trace back to pollution origin by upstream industry categories. In addition, a sensitivity test is performed on lanthanides to determine the importance of low-concentration elements in the analysis. Over a period of 45 days, water samples are obtained twice daily from a polluted river in southern Taiwan near industrial areas. During the monitoring period, wastewater samples from potential contamination sources are conducted to establish the source profiles. Positive matrix factorization is used to determine the pollution sources from the 31 elements measured in the stream. The results show that heavy metal pollution is primarily caused by wafers and semiconductors (47%), sewage treatment (27%), and electroplating products (12%). The sensitivity test results for lanthanides show that excluding some or all of them renders it impossible to classify pollution sources into the correct industry categories. Because lanthanides are key elements in certain industry categories, they are distinguishing factors in profiles among industries. Therefore, the source profiles of low-concentration lanthanides can aid in identifying pollution sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is an indispensable resource for human activity and the environment. Industrial activities generate vast quantities of wastewater that may be heavily polluted or contain toxic contaminants, posing environmental and public health challenges. Different industries generate wastewater with widely varying characteristics, such as the quantity generated, concentration, and pollutant type. It is essential to understand these characteristics to select available treatment techniques for implementation in wastewater treatment facilities to promote sustainable water usage. This review article provides an overview of wastewaters generated by various industries and commonly applied treatment techniques. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NM as a photocatalyst for MPW treatment to help zero wastewater discharge. • 74.25% TOC removal of MPW was obtained by NM photocatalysis. • •O 2 − was the main active species for MPW degradation. • Treated wastewater was reused in flotation system without affecting product index. Mineral processing wastewater (MPW) with large discharge and high toxicity affects environmental safety, and the realizing zero discharge of MPW is of great significance for reducing environmental pollution, saving water resources, and promoting the sustainable development of the mining industry. In this study, we reported natural marmatite (NM) as a low-cost and efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of MPW to help zero wastewater discharge. The photocatalytic activity of NM was evaluated by the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) from MPW under visible-light illumination, and the optimal degradation conditions were discussed. Results showed that superoxide free radicals (·O 2 −) were the dominant active species responsible for organic pollutants degradation, and 74.25% TOC removal was obtained after 120 min reaction under the optimum treatment conditions. Meanwhile, the wastewater treated by NM photocatalysis can be reused in the flotation system without adverse impact on the product index. Based on these findings, a model of zero wastewater discharge for flotation with the help of photocatalytic treatment was established, it indicated that the water of the whole system can be balanced without affecting the ore dressing index, which showed that visible light-driven photocatalyst has a promising application prospect in the treatment and recycling of industrial wastewater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial effluents pose a serious environmental problem, because they contain toxic contaminants mainly heavy metals that are the most dangerous to humans, animals, plants, and the environment in general. Phytoremediation using macrophytes is an adopted technique for the environment decontamination due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The present study aims to highlight the capabilities of macrophytes to remove heavy metals from wastewater of Biskra region (Algeria). The methodology consists of filling out the filters planted with Arundo donax and Phragmites australis with raw industrial wastewater, then recovering decontaminated water after 15 days to assess removal of lead, copper, zinc, and iron. Both plants had shown a good efficiency for the removal of metals loaded in wastewater eliminating about 94 to 98% of initial concentration. In addition, calculated bioaccumulation factor (BAF) had confirmed the accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of experimental plants; recorded values of BAF > 1 allowed the consideration of Arundo donax and Phragmites australis as good hyper-accumulator plants. Obtained results confirm the efficiency of phytoremediation technology using macrophytes for the wastewater treatment in particular and the environment decontamination in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted in order to explore the potential of fungi isolated from surface and bottom seawater collected from the fishing harbour of Bizerte on the bioremediation of industrial effluent (IE) contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon. Among the 128 fungal isolates, 11 were isolated from surface seawater and 7 from bottom seawater, representing 18 taxa in total. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the determination of hydrocarbon compounds in IE. An initial screening of fungal growth using six concentrations ranged between 20 and 70% (v/v) IE has allowed the identification of the optimal concentration for fungal growth as well as selection of species able to tolerate high amounts of hydrocarbon. Colorimetric test employing 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol and gravimetric method was applied for the assessment of fungal growth using 20% EI. By checking the phylogenetic affiliation of the high-performing stains as identified using ITSr DNA sequence, a dominance of Ascomycetes was detected. Indeed, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium expansum may degrade 82.07 and 81.76% of residual total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), respectively. Both species were collected from surface seawater. While, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum sp and Fusarium annulatum displayed comparable degradation rates 40.43%, 41.3%, and 42.03%, respectively. The lowest rate of degradation 33.62% was detected in Emericellopsis phycophila. All those species were isolated from bottom seawater, excepting A. niger isolated from surface water. This work highlighted the importance of exploring the potential of fungi isolated from the natural environment on the bioremediation of industrial effluent. Our results promoted the investigation of the potential of the high-performing isolates A. terreus and P. expansum on the bioremediation of IE at pilot-scale and then in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioelectrochemical processes are emerging as one of the most efficient and sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment. Their application for industrial wastewater treatment is still low due to the high toxicity and difficulty of biological treatment for industrial effluents. This is especially relevant in pharmaceutical industries, where different solvents, active pharma ingredients (APIs), extreme pH, and salinity usually form a lethal cocktail for the bacterial community in bioreactors. This work evaluates the impact of the anode architecture on the detoxification performance and analyzes, for the first time, the profile of some key bioremediation enzymes (catalase and esterase) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the operation of microbial electrochemical cells treating real pharmaceutical wastewater. Our results show the existence of oxidative stress and loss of cell viability in planktonic cells, while the electrogenic bacteria that form the biofilm maintain their biochemical machinery intact, as observed in the bioelectrochemical response. Monitorization of electrical current flowing in the bioelectrochemical system showed how electroactive biofilm, after a short adaptation period, started to degrade the pharma effluent. The electroactive biofilms are responsible for the detoxification of this type of industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study focuses on the development of a novel self-cleaning nanofiltration membrane for the efficient removal of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from industrial wastewater. The membrane is composed of vinyl resin (VR), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and titanium alpha aluminate (TAAL) nanoparticles. The TAAL loading ranged from 1 to 5 wt%, the pH varied from 5 to 10, and the initial MB concentration ranged from 10 to 50 ppm. Using a dead-end filtration system, the (VR/CNF@TAAL) membrane with 5 wt% TAAL at pH 10 demonstrated excellent performances. It achieved a remarkable 98.6% removal efficiency for 30 ppm MB dye, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 125.8 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics analysis revealed that the process followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The rate constant was determined to be 1.2732 × 10–3 g mg−1 min−1. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a better fit (R2 = 0.996) than the Langmuir model, suggesting multilayer adsorption on the nanocomposite membrane surface. In addition to its high adsorption and filtration capabilities, the (VR/CNF@TAAL) nanocomposite membrane exhibited cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness as an adsorbent for MB removal from industrial wastewater. The membrane’s self-cleaning property further contributes to sustainability by reducing the need for additional chemical treatments.

The efficient removal of low concentration, recalcitrant, and highly toxic organic heavy metal complexes in industrial wastewater is a hot issue in the field of heavy metal pollution control. Adsorption method has received considerable attention in the treatment of organic heavy metal complexes pollution due to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency and easy operation. This paper elaborated on the development situation and research progress of mainstream adsorbents in recent years in the field of removing typical EDTA-complexed heavy metals in water, commented on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of adsorbents and corresponding performance optimization methods, and summarized the reaction mechanisms of relevant adsorbents. The advantages and limitations of traditional organic heavy metal complexes pollution treatment technology and current new adsorption technology were compared, which provided a beneficial reference for reasonable selection of the best type of adsorbent in complex environments. The application performance and development potential of new adsorbents in the field of actual wastewater treatment contaminated with organic heavy metal complexes were listed. The priorities of future research and development directions of new adsorbents were envisioned to provide reference for the treatment of wastewater containing organic heavy metal complexes by adsorption.

This study treated heavy-metal pollution in industrial wastewater by isolating and characterizing heavy metal-tolerant bacterial strains for bioremediation of industrial wastewater. The effluent samples were sterilized and aseptically inoculated with isolated heavy metal-tolerant bacteria such as Bacillus lichniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, and titrimetric analysis. Further, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used for Heavy metal analysis. Phytotoxic assay was carried out by seed germination tests and pot culture study. Over 96-hour period, improvement featuring reduced turbidity, a stabilized neutral pH, and a substantial 72% decrease in total solids was observed. The application of the bioremediation techniques using heavy metal tolerant bacteria resulted in a significant reduction of heavy metal concentrations, surpassing 85%. Moreover, seed germination rates in the treated industrial effluent were higher than the untreated samples. Pot culture tests further revealed diminished toxicity (2.5%) in treated roots compared to untreated ones (36.7%), accompanied by increased root and shoot growth in the treated pots. The noticeable enhancement in germination rates and the improved growth of plants in the treated effluent underscore the promising potential for the sustainable application of these eco-friendly bacteria, making them a cost-effective microbial bioremediation solution for industrial wastewater.

In this study, Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite revealed a huge dielectric constant and fast adsorption–photocatalytic properties for industrial Congo red, Reactive yellow 145 and methyl green pollutants. Nanocrystalline ZnO, CuO and Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite was synthesized via sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction analysis verified that the composite structure has hexagonal ZnO and monoclinic CuO phases. The morphological study of Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite displayed different types of particles having hexagonal, sheet and very fine shapes. Optically, Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite has a high visible light absorption ability compared to its individual components. For energy storage, Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite showed a semi-stable giant dielectric constant with value of 7.6215 × 104 at 42 Hz. Furthermore, Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite exhibited a remarkable adsorption of Congo red, Reactive yellow 145 and methyl green dyes in addition to fast photocatalytic characteristics under sunlight. Herein, 75 mg of Al-doped CuO–ZnO composite exhibits adsorption capacity of 54, 49 and 45% for 100 mL solution contains 20 mg/L Congo red, reactive yellow 145 and methyl green, respectively. As well, the photocatalytic measurements under sunlight confirmed the full removal of all dyes after 20–25 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology of Water Treatment is the property of Technology of Water Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the development of a novel self-cleaning nanofiltration membrane for the efficient removal of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from industrial wastewater. The membrane is composed of vinyl resin (VR), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and titanium alpha aluminate (TAAL) nanoparticles. The TAAL loading ranged from 1 to 5 wt%, the pH varied from 5 to 10, and the initial MB concentration ranged from 10 to 50 ppm. Using a dead-end filtration system, the (VR/CNF@TAAL) membrane with 5 wt% TAAL at pH 10 demonstrated excellent performances. It achieved a remarkable 98.6% removal efficiency for 30 ppm MB dye, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 125.8 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics analysis revealed that the process followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The rate constant was determined to be 1.2732 × 10–3 g mg−1 min−1. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a better fit (R2 = 0.996) than the Langmuir model, suggesting multilayer adsorption on the nanocomposite membrane surface. In addition to its high adsorption and filtration capabilities, the (VR/CNF@TAAL) nanocomposite membrane exhibited cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness as an adsorbent for MB removal from industrial wastewater. The membrane's self-cleaning property further contributes to sustainability by reducing the need for additional chemical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the characteristics of the carbon emission of an industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP) and a domestic WWTP (DWWTP) located in a high-tech industrial park of Shaanxi Province, China. The results showed that the total carbon emissions of the IWWTP and DWWTP were 10.13 kg/t and 1.84 kg/t in 2020, respectively. Indirect carbon emissions play a dominant role in the total carbon emission of the IWWTP, which accounts for about 97.6% of the total amount. The direct carbon emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g., CH4, N2O) account for about 62% of the total carbon emissions in the DWWTP, followed by the indirect carbon emissions generated by electricity consumption (31.06%) and chemical consumption (6.94%). Additionally, the centralized recycling and re-utilization of the wastewater could achieve 1.06 kg/t and 1.16 kg/t of carbon emission reduction in the IWWTP and DWWTP, respectively, while the carbon emissions of the DWWTP are inversely proportional to the treatment capacity. Therefore, it is of great value to collect and utilize intensively the recycled water to achieve the goal of regional carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization of WWTPs in industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forward osmosis (FO) process has recently gained significant interest in treating wastewater, brackish/seawater and concentrating feedstocks for various operations, including desalination. The study investigates the effect of different synthesis conditions of the polyamide-based thin-film composite (TFC) FO membranes on the membranes' final performance. Taguchi statistical analyses were used to fabricate and optimize the polyamide TFC FO membrane. The process parameters as factors were the amount of polyethersulfone (PES), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), and trimesoyl chloride (TMC), and TMC reaction-time (RT). The Taguchi method was adopted to investigate the optimal conditions and the significance of individual factors using an L16 (45) orthogonal array. Another Taguchi analysis (Taguchi 2) was adopted to investigate the influence of other important parameters like optimal conditions for MPD, TMC, and TMC reaction-time factors using an L9 (33) orthogonal array. Confirmation tests validated a maximum water flux of 46.4 ± 2.32 L/m2·h with a specific combination of control factors for membrane synthesis: PES/PEG/PVP/MPD/TMC/TMC RT-16/7/0.5/1/0.05/30. These tests demonstrated a high-water flux of 7.05 ± 0.35 L/m2·h when exposed to industrial wastewater (secondary effluent) as the feed solution (FS) and fertilizer as the draw solution (DS) in the FO process. The R2 values were more than 90%. The experimental validation confirmed the models' predictive ability with different FSs, including industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have garnered significant attention due to their capacity to generate electricity using renewable and carbon-neutral energy sources such as wastewater. Extensive experimental work and modeling techniques have been employed to dissect these processes and understand their respective impacts on electricity generation. The driving force is to enhance MFC performance for practical applications commercially. Among the various statistical modeling approaches, one particularly robust tool is the Design of Experiments (DoE). It serves to establish the relationships between different variables that influence MFC performance and allows for the optimization of the MFC configuration and operation for scaled-up performances in terms of bioelectricity generation. This study focused on optimizing microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for bioelectricity production using industrial wastewater treatment, employing the Box–Behnken design (BBD) methodology. Through an analysis of response surface models and ANOVA tests, it was found that a combined approach of reduced quadratic, reduced two-factor interaction, and linear models yielded sound results, particularly in voltage yield, COD removal, and current density. Second-order regression models predicted optimal conditions for various parameters, with surface area, temperature, and catholyte dosage identified as critical input variables for optimization. Under these conditions, conducted by the four-factor and three-level Box–Behnken design methodology in a double-chamber MFC unit considering eight output variables—CCV yield, % COD removal, current density, power density, % TSS removal, % CE, and % P O 4 3 − —the optimum values were 700 mV, 54.4%, 54.4 mA/m2, 73.7 mW/m2, 99%, 21.2%, and 100%, respectively. At optimum operating conditions, the results revealed a desirability of 76.6% out of a total of 92 iterations. The paper highlights the effectiveness of statistical ANOVA fit-statistics modeling and optimization in enhancing DCMFC performance, recommending its use as a sustainable bioenergy source. Furthermore, validation results supported the above optimization output response findings and confirmed the viability of biorefinery wastewater as an anolyte for scaling up DCMFC bioelectricity generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective treatment of cadmium (Cd) in smelting wastewater is of great industrial importance. This study investigates the efficient removal of Cd from real industrial smelting wastewater via chemical precipitation using a series of experiments. In particular, the effects of different precipitants, agitation conditions, and the addition of NaOCl on Cd removal and pH variation are investigated. CaO (3.75 g/L), NaOH (3.50 g/L), and Ca(OH)2 (3.75 g/L) are found to be effective in elevating the wastewater pH and achieving high Cd removal rates (>99.9%), while the use of NaOH as a precipitant maintains a high Cd removal rate even at low agitation intensities. The properties of the produced sludge and supernatant are also determined using moisture content, particle size, and sludge leaching analyses due to the importance of economic and environmental sustainability in filtration, dewatering, and waste disposal processes. In addition, the addition of 2% NaOCl is tested, revealing that it can improve the Cd removal efficiency of Ca(OH)2, thus potentially reducing processing costs and enhancing the environmental benefits. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the removal of Cd from smelting wastewater, with potential implications for both environmental sustainability and economic viability. Practitioner Points: CaO, NaOH, and Ca(OH)2 effectively remove Cd (>99.9%) from smelting wastewater.The use of NaOH leads to high Cd removal rates even at low agitation speeds.Adding 2% NaOCl can reduce the Ca(OH)2 dose for more economical Cd removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the industrial wastewater discharge of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. It selects five water pollutant indicators from industrial wastewater discharge, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), petroleum pollutants (PP), and major heavy metal content (HM). A shadow price model for industrial wastewater discharge pollutants in each city of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is constructed, and empirical research is conducted using government-provided statistical data. The study reveals that the economic losses associated with industrial wastewater discharge in the 27 cities of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration range from 5.9296 billion to 6.448 billion yuan. Shanghai demonstrates the highest economic losses caused by industrial wastewater discharge, surpassing 0.45 billion yuan annually. In contrast, Anqing city experiences the lowest economic losses, approximately ranging from 93 million to 104 million yuan per year due to industrial wastewater discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Water pollution is an inextricable problem that stems from natural and human-related factors. Unfortunately, with rapid industrialization, the problem has escalated to alarming levels. The pollutants that contribute to water pollution include heavy metals (HMs), chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial byproducts. Numerous methods are used for treating HMs in wastewater, like ion exchange, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, adsorption, and electrochemical treatment. But the remediation through the plant, i.e., phytoremediation is the most sustainable approach to remove the contaminants from wastewater. Aquatic plants illustrate the capacity to absorb excess pollutants including organic and inorganic compounds, HMs, and pharmaceutical residues present in agricultural, residential, and industrial discharges. The extensive exploitation of these hyperaccumulator plants can be attributed to their abundance, invasive mechanisms, potential for bioaccumulation, and biomass production. Post-phytoremediation, plant biomass can be toxic to both water bodies and soil. Therefore, the circular bioeconomy approach can be applied to reuse and repurpose the toxic plant biomass into different circular bioeconomy byproducts such as biochar, biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel is essential. In this regard, the current review highlights the potential strategies for the phytoremediation of HMs in wastewater and various strategies to efficiently reuse metal-enriched biomass material and produce commercially valuable products. The implementation of circular bioeconomy practices can help overcome significant obstacles and build a new platform for an eco-friendlier lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation relates to the production of materials with noiseproof and vibration-absorbing properties, in the manufacturing of which a number of by-products are formed that require for safe disposal. When solving the production problems connected with wastewater treatment from toxicants, the concentration of which exceeds permissible values, it is proposed to use structured materials based on silicon dioxide as an adsorbent. In the course of conducting research, two experimental samples with a highly developed surface containing an extensive network of pores have been obtained and tested. The experimental testing of adsorbents has shown that such adsorbents are able to provide the removal of toxicants up to attaining a safe concentration level thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, biohydrogen was produced by R. johrii strain VT1 using an anaerobic photo-fermentation process on low-cost industrial wastewater and then used for nitrate reduction in the presence of a chemical catalyst. The effect of substrate, light intensity, and pH on biohydrogen production was investigated. For efficient nitrate reduction, a Pd–Cu/alumina bimetallic catalyst was prepared and analyzed by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and ICP. Accumulative biohydrogen production was 284.67 ml/h (0.409 ± 0.005 mol/m3h), with molasses, a light intensity of 5300 lux, and a pH of 9. Nitrate removal efficiency was 81.70%, and nitrogen selectivity was 94.25%. The XRD results also showed the stability of the catalyst structure during the reduction. Our study shows that this combined method is effective for nitrate removal and has the potential for large-scale work because of the affordable and sustainable green hydrogen production from wastewater. This is the first report of using biological hydrogen for harmful nitrate removal from drinking water in the presence of a chemical catalyst. [Display omitted] • R,johrii, produced biohydrogen with industrial wastes, as available and affordable substrate, efficiently. • This is the first report of the use of biohydrogen for nitrate reduction through chemical catalysts. • Pd–Cu//γ-Al 2 O 3 , used as an efficient and selective catalyst for nitrate removal from waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A drastic level of resource degradation was revealed through a preliminary evaluation (completed in 2016) of water quality in a recreational lake in the second industrial city in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The primary signs were a foul smell, algal bloom, high turbidity, and lack of aquatic life. This study aims to evaluate the influence of reverse osmosis (RO) on lake water quality. The recreational lake consists of two connected lakes (Lakes 1 and 2), which receive treated effluent from an industrial wastewater treatment plant. Composite samples were collected from the lakes to analyze their physiochemical parameters. Descriptive analyses were performed, and two water quality indices were developed to observe the variations in water quality conditions between the two periods (2016 and 2021). The results indicated that the water parameters of total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate (SO42−), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in 2016 (3356, 4100, 516, and 1.32 mg/L, respectively) were significantly improved in 2021 (2502, 1.28, 9.39, and 7.79 mg/L, respectively). The results of the water quality index (WQI) and comprehensive pollution index (CPI) indicated that the water quality in Lake 1 was significantly enhanced in 2021 (WQI = 85, CPI = 1) in comparison with assessment data from 2016 (WQI = 962, CPI = 8). However, the data from Lake 2 revealed higher pollution levels in 2021 (WQI = 1722, CPI = 18) than those recorded in 2016 (WQI = 1508, CPI = 13). As indicated by the absence of bad smells, algal blooms, and restoration of aquatic life, the RO intervention successfully improved the water quality in Lake 1. The WQI and CPI were helpful tools for evaluating lake water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-salt organic waste is a kind of pollutants that difficult to treat. In order to explore the feasibility of microbial transformation to treat high-salt organic waste, this study used the marine yeast H117as the research ob- ject, and Rhodotorula minuta was identified through morphological observation, physiological and biochemical analy- sis, and 26S rRNA sequence analysis. On this basis, the colony count analysis of R. minuta H117 was conducted in the simulated high salt organic wastewater, high-salt soy sauce wastewater and high - salt soy sauce residue, and the results showed that R. minuta H117 could tolerate 9% (m/v) salt concentration, and the maximum viable cell number was 2.91 x 10°cfu/mL. in the high salt soy sauce residue as the base material, while the number of colonies in the high salt soy sauce wastewater was lower relatively. This study provides data support for further research on the microecological preparations for mariculture using the Rhodotorula minuta H117 for transformation of high salt organic wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two flower-like magnesium silicate nanomaterials were prepared. These and another two commercial magnesium silicate materials were characterized using a scanning electron microscope, the N2 adsorption–desorption method, and other methods. The structure–activity relationship between the adsorption performance of these four magnesium silicate materials and their specific surface area, pore size distribution, and pore structure was compared. The results showed that the 3-FMS modified by sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) had the largest specific surface area and pore size, the best adsorption performance, and the largest experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,exp) for Co2+, reaching 190.01 mg/g, and Cr3+, reaching 208.89 mg/g. The adsorption behavior of the four materials for Co2+ and Cr3+ both fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model, indicating that chemical monolayer uniform adsorption was the dominant adsorption process. Among them, the theoretical adsorption capacity (qm) of 3-FMS was the highest, reaching 207.62 mg/g for Co2+ and 230.85 mg/g for Cr3+. Through further research, it was found that the four materials mainly removed Co2+ and Cr3+ through electrostatic adsorption, surface metal ions (Mg2+), and acidic groups (-OH and -SO3H) exchanging with ions in solution. The adsorption performance of two self-made flower-like magnesium silicate materials for Co2+ and Cr3+ was superior to that of two commercial magnesium silicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based solutions (NBSs) for remediation of various emerging contaminants have gained impetus during the last few decades. In the current study, watermelon (citrullus lanatus), a highly consumed seasonal fruit, was used as a feedstock waste biomass for biochar synthesis through valorization of watermelon rinds. The watermelon biochar (WM-BC) was synthesized through slow pyrolysis at 550°C under anoxic conditions. Langmuir model with R2>99, was found to best fit the adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Various characterization tools including FTIR, SEM, BET, XRD, and TEM were used to evaluate the surface morphology of the biochar. The removal efficiency increased from 35% (dosage = 0.4 g), to 81% at WM-BC dosage of 2 g. A maximum adsorption capacity of 115.61 mg/g was found. The results from kinetic and isotherm model model suggested that the adsorption was favorable and multilayer adsorption can be considered. The adsorption mechanism was found to be governed by the co-existing factors such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and aromatic interactions. Results suggest that WM-BC has high potential to be employed as an adsorbent for efficient remediation of methylene blue dyes from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater is one of the dirtied water coming about because of different human exercises, the improvement of modern cycles today has prompted the tainting of water, soil, and residue with risky substances and misuse of weighty metals, which is a consequence of modern exercises, for example, minig mining, refining, electroplating, and a few enterprises. the significance of the human wellbeing perspective is focused on exceptional consideration by the pertinent services and divisions, so the flow study was led on a few physical and compound properties of modern wastewater for the modern zone in Kirkuk Governorate for a time of five months from (25/2 to 24/6/2023). The results showed water temperatures ranging between (20.4 - 21.5°C). The electrical conductivity ratio was limited to (µS/cm 692.2-1455.6). The percentage of dissolved solids ranged between (450-973.2 µS/cm), and for turbidity, the rates ranged between (30.6-200.2NTU). A turbidity unit. The values of the pH function ranged between (6.68-7.36). It was found that total hardness is high in most study stations at rates ranging from (mg/L 445.2--682.6). The calcium and magnesium hardness ranged at a rate of (217.4-457.4 mg/L) and (180.4--237.8 mg/L) respectively, while the total basicity ranged between (194.6-300 mg/L) during the current study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel nano-composite ceramic adsorbent was synthesized and characterized for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. The adsorbent was prepared using low-cost materials including clay and human hair, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles derived from bovine bones. The synthesis method, material properties, and adsorption performance were thoroughly investigated wed XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and, BET. The adsorption process was optimized using Design Expert software, resulting in optimal conditions of pH 6.5, adsorbent mass of 22.5 g, temperature of 44.5 °C, initial concentration of 281 mgL−1, and retention time of 192 min. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption mechanism involved ion exchange, physical and chemical surface adsorption, facilitated by the unique surface properties of the nano-composite adsorbent. Moreover, the adsorbent exhibited high regeneration efficiency, with up to 73 cycles of reuse without a decrease in removal efficiency.

For separation and recovery of different but chemically similar metal from dilute wastewater with reduced process complexity and cost, a supported liquid membrane (SLM) system that utilizes a single carrier together with strip dispersion for selective stripping of coextracted metal ions was proposed to enable concurrent separation and recovery. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed SLM system for separative recovery of copper and zinc from real plating wastewater. Solvent extraction experiments were conducted to understand the effect of feed pH and carrier concentration on organic phase migration to the aqueous phase. The effect of stirring speed on the SLM transport rate was studied using synthetic feed. Combined with the insights from our previous study, appropriate settings were identified and applied to the SLM system. The SLM system could recover 83.7% copper with 91.0% purity and 85.5% Zn with 99.3% purity from the plating wastewater in 30 h. The findings indicate the feasibility of using SLM with selective stripping for the concurrent separation and recovery of copper and zinc from a dilute aqueous waste stream predominantly containing these two metals.

In China, the present implemented industrial wastewater discharge standards cannot objectively and correctly evaluate wastewater safety. The characteristics and application of the whole effluent toxicity evaluation methods at home and abroad were systematically summarized. The characteristics and application of whole effluent toxicity (WET), direct toxicity assessment (DTA), and whole effluent assessment (WEA) were emphatically discussed. The deficiencies of the comprehensive toxicity index system and evaluation methods of wastewater in China were analyzed. Reasonable suggestions on the establishment of the comprehensive toxicity methodology were proposed from aspects of species selection, experimental process and evaluation method. Finally, the actual situations of the characteristics of wastewater pollutants, discharge mode and environmental quality of receiving water should be considered as establishing comprehensive toxicity indices and evaluation methodology in line with Chinese national conditions.

The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the potential impacts of effluents from freezing plants and fishmeal and oil factories in the Levrier Bay on the aquatic environment through physicochemical and microbiological characterization. Effluent samples from various factories were collected and characterized by pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, temperature (T°), phosphate (PO4), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total coliforms (TC), Escherichia Coli (E.C), and fecal streptococci (FS). The concentration ranges of the effluents were as follows: pH (6.75 to 8.57), DO (1.56 to 4.66 mg/l), EC (26620 to 78520 µS/cm), TDS (13.15 to 38.70 g/l), salinity (16.26 to 49.68 PSU), T° (7.67 to 32.7 °C), PO4 (0.25 to 80.6 mg/l), NO3 (1.77 to 74.03 mg/l), NO2 (0.02 to 1.84 mg/l), and BOD5 (0.5 to 7150 mg/l). TC (2.3 x 103 to 4.6 x 106 UFC/100 ml), EC (50 to 2 x 106 CFU/100 ml), and FS (3.4 x 103 to 2.3 x 107 CFU/100 ml). The evaluated characteristics of these effluents are likely to contaminate and degrade the receiving water bodies (exceeding international standards). Hence, pretreatment of the effluent discharge is indispensable.

Abstract Novel nanocomposite sorbent was produced by depositing nanostructured water treatment residual (nWTR) onto zeolite (Ze) using high-energy ball milling process. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite (Ze-nWTR) prior and after Cd adsorption were analyzed by SEM–EDX, FTIR, BET and XRD. A batch study of cadmium adsorption (Ze-nWTR) was performed at various process parameters (sorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, competing ions, initial concentration and temperature). The obtained data were fitted to various equilibrium and kinetics models. The Langmuir and power function models successfully described Cd adsorption equilibrium and kinetic processes, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) value of Cd by Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (147 mgg−1) was 3 and 5.9 times higher than those of nWTR and zeolite sorbents, respectively. Increasing temperature from 287 to 307 K has resulted in increasing the maximum Cd adsorption capacity (q max) of the nanocomposite from 147.9 to 270 mgg−1. The calculated thermodynamics parameters suggested physical and chemical attraction between Cd and Ze-nWTR and the association of dissociative mechanism in Cd(II) sorption process. The excellent reusability and Cd removal ability of Ze-nWTR nanocomposite (98%) from industrial wastewater confirm its potential as promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.

Chitosan has been widely used as a natural adsorbent due to its wide sources，strong adsorption properties and natural degradation. Chitosan composite hydrogel（CCH） is a new composite material which is modified by chemical and physical methods and chitosan as main raw material. The main synthesis methods of chitosan composite hydrogels including chemical crosslinking，physical crosslinking and interpenetrating network were introduced. The adsorption mechanism and treatment effect of CCH on common dyes，heavy metal ions and other common pollutants in industrial wastewater in recent years were reviewed. The existing problems and solutions in the treatment of various pollutants in industrial wastewater by using CCH were discussed. Finally，the prospects of CCH in synthetic methods，selective adsorption，recycling，intelligent modification and practical industrial wastewater treatment were presented. It hopes to provided ideas for further research on improving the properties of CCH materials and broadening its application range in industrial wastewater treatment.

Abstract Reuse of wastewater is one of the ways to develop water resources. In addition to the need for drinking water, many industries also need high-quality water in the production line. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the advanced treatment of the wastewater treatment plant of Morche Khort industrial town using the processes of coagulation, flocculation with aeration, multi-layer filter, and disinfection by ultraviolet radiation to increase the quality of wastewater and reuse it in industries. In this study, to investigate the effect of coagulation and flocculation units along with aeration, filtration, and disinfection by ultraviolet rays (UV), on the quality of the secondary effluent from the wastewater treatment plant of Morche Khort industrial town, they were operated on a pilot scale. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was used as a coagulant. Layering of three layers of sand filter, from bottom to top including granulated silica at a height of 10 cm, sand at a height of 20 cm, and activated carbon at a height of 70 cm was used. The input and output sampling points of each unit were considered. By repeating twice in five stages of flow rates of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 (L/min), the samples were collected to determine COD, TSS, TDS, turbidity, pH, hardness, total coliform, and fecal coliform. Jar test results showed that Alum coagulant works almost the same as PAC in removing turbidity, but the efficiency of removing organic substances by PAC coagulant is higher than that of Alum at lower doses. The results of this study showed that the efficiency of the coagulation and flocculation process in removing turbidity, COD, TSS, TDS, and fat was 56.88%, 46.66%, 38%, 23.19%, and 91.43% respectively. In the current study, the results of the wastewater entering the sand filter showed that the percentage of removal efficiency with a loading rate of 1 (L/min) was turbidity, TSS, COD, TDS, and fat was 16. 93%, 56.84%, 50%, 5.67%, 33.44% respectively. In the UV disinfection unit, the removal efficiency percentage with a loading rate of 1 (L/min) for COD, TSS, turbidity, hardness, total coliform, and fecal coliform is 16%, 3.45%, 3.58%, 5.21%, 99.88%, and 98.37% respectively. Coagulation and flocculation system—multi-layer filter and disinfection can remove chemical–physical and microbial parameters to an acceptable level for using water in advanced purification systems and also for irrigation.

The three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation (3DEO) is a promising electrochemical system in the treatment of refractory wastewater, but still far from large-scale applications. In this work, we prepared 146.5 Kg Ti-Sn-Sb@γ-Al2O3 particle electrodes to construct a 3DEO system for the pretreatment of hypersaline and high-organic wastewater in an industrial park sewage plant, with activated carbon particle electrodes as a comparison. The average COD removal rates of Ti-Sn-Sb@γ-Al2O3 and activated carbon-based 3DEO systems were 24.43 and 48.73%, respectively, and the energy consumption of the two 3DEO systems were 102.8 and 31.4 kWh/Kg COD, respectively. However, compared to the negligible enhancement of wastewater biodegradability in the activated carbon 3DEO system, the Ti-Sn-Sb@γ-Al2O3 3DEO system greatly improved the biochemical index (B/C) from 0.021 to 0.166 (by 690.5%). Due to its superior catalytic capacity, Ti-Sn-Sb@γ-Al2O3 outperforms activated carbon in improving biodegradability as the latter relies mainly on adsorption. The results of this work provide a 3DEO engineering practice experience on the pretreatment of hypersaline and high-organic wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS A three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation (3DEO) system was established to pretreat hypersaline and high-organic wastewater.; Ti-Sn-Sb@γ-Al2O3 3DEO shows good ability to improve biodegradability.; Activated carbon 3DEO system shows higher but gradually decreasing COD removal.; Energy consumption is low in the pilot-scale pretreatment process.; Ti-Sn-Sb@γ-Al2O3 electrodes retain major active species in long-term use.;