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Andika Pramudya Wardana,1 Alfinda Novi Kristanti,2,3 Nanik Siti Aminah,2,3 Mochamad Zakki Fahmi,2 Muggundha Raoov,4 Indriani5 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 3Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Central Sulawesi, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Alfinda Novi Kristanti, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Tel +62-31-5936501, Fax +62-31-5936502, Email alfinda-n-k@fst.unair.ac.idBackground: After cardiovascular disease, cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to uncontrolled cell growth. Breast cancer is among the most prevalent types of cancer. Zingiber officinale Roscoe. rich in phenolic compounds, which can stimulate and function as endogenous antioxidants.Purpose: Investigation of the in vivo chemopreventive has the potential of nano Z. officinale Roscoe (Zo-NPs) in breast cancer.Study Design: Using female Mus musculus Balb/c induced with benzo[α]pyrene, the chemopreventive action of Z. officinale Roscoe. nanoencapsulated using κ-carrageenan was assessed.Results: Z. officinale Roscoe Extract. contains 58 compounds, with the main component being [6]-gingerol with [6]-gingerol content being 697.65 ± 8.52 mg/g extract. Nanoencapsulation of Z. officinale Roscoe. has been successfully prepared with a particle size of 483.30 ± 11.23 nm. Zo-NPs are generally resistant to pH, temperature, and salt content variations. Compared to group C1, which underwent ductular dilatation, the administration of Zo-NPs (group T2) to female Mus musculus Balb/c, induced by benzo[α]pyrene, revealed no histological alterations in breast tissue. Moreover, administering Zo-NPs can raise blood serum levels of CAT, GSH, and SOD. In addition, it showed a greater ability to lower TNF-α levels than the T1 group, which received Z. officinale Roscoe extract. (Zo).Keywords: breast cancer, chemopreventive, nanoencapsulation, red ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Background: Low Vision is an end-stage condition that cannot be cured. The best treatment for low vision is the early detection. However, there is still no integrated low vision data in health services, the lack of public knowledge about low vision, the low rate of case discovery, and the lack of optimal referral and treatment mechanisms for low vision are problems that must be addressed at this time. Purpose: This study aims to detect early low vision determinant factors using a self-assessment application. Methods: This study is analytical and quantitative research. Respondents for this research were from five selected populations in East Java who filled out the e-SIGALON application from September to December 2023. The respondents were suspected as having low vision if they had score of 6 or higher. The variables were analyzed using logistic binary regression, the validity and reliability test was also performed. Results: From 446 respondents, there were 237 people (53.14%) suspected of low vision but only 66 people came to referral hospital. The low vision suspect showed 12 of the 15 statistically significant questions (p

Upaya perlindungan terhadap burung jalak Bali Leucopsar rothschildi di Indonesia dilakukan antara lain melalui penangkaran. Keberhasilan upaya penangkaran dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya populasi satwa yang ditangkarkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis sumber protein yang menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan optimal anak jalak Bali di Penangkaran Kere Ayem Bird Farm. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan sumber protein, dan tiga ulangan. Pakan diberikan pada anak burung berumur satu minggu dengan cara diloloh (hands feeding), selama enam minggu. Pakan yang diberikan adalah bubur pur yang ditambahkan sumber protein berbeda, yaitu ulat Hongkong, ulat Jerman, dan jangkrik. Variabel yang diukur yaitu pertambahan bobot tubuh, panjang tubuh, panjang kepala, panjang sayap, panjang ekor, panjang kaki, panjang paruh, dan pertumbuhan bulu burung. Pemberian jangkrik dalam pakan menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan tertinggi anak jalak Bali, dibandingkan ulat Hongkong, dan ulat Jerman. Enam dari tujuh variabel pertumbuhan, menunjukkan beda nyata akibat perlakuan, sedangkan pertambahan panjang paruh tidak berbeda nyata. Pertambahan ukuran-ukuran tubuh anak jalak Bali yang tertinggi terlihat pada minggu ke dua perlakuan. Pemberian jangkrik sebagai sumber protein hewani lebih disukai anak jalak Bali, dan meningkatkan pertambahan ukuran-ukuran tubuh, serta pertumbuhan bulu.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan kembali Aksara Lontara sebagai media tulis pada masyarakat Bugis perantau di Kabupaten Pasangkayu, Sulawesi Barat, guna mempertahankan identitas budaya lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model ADDIE yang meliputi tahapan Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Pasangkayu dengan sampel sebanyak 40 siswa berusia 12–15 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dan angket, sementara data sekunder berasal dari karya siswa berupa surat sederhana yang ditulis menggunakan Aksara Lontara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan Aksara Lontara pada tahap sosialisasi sangat rendah, dengan 97,5% sampel belum memahami aksara tersebut. Namun, setelah dilaksanakan tahapan pengembangan, seluruh sampel mampu menguasai 23 huruf Aksara Lontara dalam penulisan kalimat sederhana. Pada tahap implementasi, seluruh siswa dapat menulis surat sederhana dengan tema “Izin Tidak Hadir ke Sekolah” menggunakan Aksara Lontara. Meski demikian, penguasaan diakritik masih menjadi tantangan, dengan hanya 15% sampel yang berhasil menempatkan diakritik dengan benar. Kesalahan yang umum terjadi meliputi penempatan tanda yang tidak tepat, penghilangan tanda, dan penggunaan tanda yang berlebihan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penguasaan Aksara Lontara antara lain penggunaan bahasa Bugis yang sudah berkurang dalam komunikasi sehari-hari, latar belakang keluarga, serta lingkungan sosial yang kurang mendukung.

A study has been conducted on materials containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coated with poly eugenol. This research aims to explore the synthesis process and properties of PVA coated with poly eugenol. Characterization of PVA includes tensile strength measurement and surface observation using SEM. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of PVA was also tested using the DPPH method. In this study, PVA films were obtained by dissolving PVA in a water solvent. The characterization results indicate that the tensile strength ranges from 25.56 to 271.10 Mpa, elongation reaches 315.20 to 320%, and the young modulus ranges from 4.05 to 6.27 Mpa. Surface observation with SEM shows a smooth surface without pores. The antioxidant activity test shows IC50 values ranging from 84.11 to 175.37 ppm.

Purpose – The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between the use of Canva-based SKI instructional videos and student motivation at MAS DDI As-Salman Allakuang. It aims to determine how Canva's integration influences aspects of student motivation such as interest, effort, and perseverance, providing insights into the effectiveness of digital learning tools in enhancing student engagement and motivation. Method – This study employs a quantitative correlational design to measure the impact of using Canva-based SKI instructional videos on student motivation at MAS DDI As-Salman Allakuang. A purposive sample of 54 students was selected. Data were collected using a validated motivation questionnaire covering aspects like interest, effort, and perseverance. Pearson correlation statistics were used to analyze the relationship between the use of Canva-based SKI instructional videos and student motivation. Findings – This study found a significant moderate positive correlation (r=0.617, p=0.001) between the use of Canva-based SKI instructional videos and student motivation in Aqidah Akhlak learning at MAS DDI As-Salman Allakuang. This indicates that more frequent use of Canva-based videos is associated with higher student motivation. These findings confirm the hypothesis and demonstrate that digital learning tools like Canva can enhance student motivation. Research Implications – Using Canva-based instructional videos in Aqidah Akhlak learning can practically enhance student motivation. However, to confirm this effect, more diverse, experimental, and long-term studies are needed due to limitations in causation and potential biases.

Tea mosquito bugs (TMB; Helopeltis bradyi, Hemiptera, Miridae) are a main pest in tea and cacao plantations worldwide. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) is a promising strategy to manage TMB populations. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the simultaneous effect of TMB female delayed mating (1, 3 and 5 days delayed mating) and pairing duration (1 day, 5 days, and entire lifespan) on several reproductive parameters. Results showed that female delayed mating obviously affected egg number, egg viability, and offspring number, but male delayed mating did not show such effects. Shortened pairing durations had a significant effect on egg viability and offspring number but not on egg number. Increased delayed mating and pairing duration negatively affected adult longevity. In general, we noted that TMB reproductive performance is vulnerable to delayed mating and shortened pairing durations, thus providing essential guidance for the implementation of MD strategies of TMB in the field.

Background: Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, stands as a leading non-communicable disease responsible for a significant number of global fatalities and health issues. This condition constitutes a primary risk factor for various health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disorders, and dementia. Hypertension frequently develops without noticeable symptoms, earning it the moniker "The Silent Killer." The prevalence of high blood pressure continues to increase, and low levels of physical activity are still a problem in Indonesia. Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the association between attributes such as age, gender, educational attainment, occupation, smoking habits, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical activity concerning hypertension within the elderly population affiliated with the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) of Sleman. Method: The research utilized a descriptive methodology with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select a sample size of 120 elderly participants as respondents. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square Test. Results: The analysis findings indicate that most of the respondents display the following attributes: 45% are aged between 49 and 59 years, 87.5% are females, 45.8% have a secondary education, 45.8% are obese, 90% are non-smokers, 54.2% have a low level of physical activity, and 81.7% are diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension. There is a notable association between the level of physical activity and the prevalence of hypertension (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: A connection exists between physical activity and hypertension among the elderly in the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) of Sleman.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kepuasan kerja memilki hubungan dengan komitmen organisasi pada karyawan Koperasi Unit Desa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan populasi 110 karyawan dan sampel 70 karyawan lapangan. Untuk menentukan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian, peneliti menggunakan skala kepuasan kerja dan skala komitmen organisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya hubungan positif antara kepuasan kerja dengan komitmen organisasi pada karyawan Koperasi Unit Desa “P” SJ. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian yang ditunjukkan dengan angka korelasi = 0,750 dengan nilai p = 0,000 0,05 yang artinya bahwa ada hubungan positif antara kepuasan kerja dengan komitmen organisasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sumbangan efektifitas kepuasan kerja sebesar BE % = 56,3 % mempengaruhi komitmen organisasi. Sedangkan 43,7 % dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti. Dari hasil tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi tergolong dalam kategori sedang.

The lack of physical activity was one of the causes of several health problems and deaths whose prevalence was increasing throughout the world. University was a gathering place for all university members including students, lecturers and teaching staff who were at risk of low physical activity and other lifestyle behaviors. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status sosial ekonomi dan motivasi terhadap aktivitas fisik pada usia produktif di Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. A cross-sectional method was used, and a random sampling technique was taken. The sample was 380 respondents with an age range of 20-59 years. Data analysis used the chi square test to determine the relationship between physical activity and its determinants and logistic regression to determine the predictors of physical activity. Based on 380 respondents, 47.2% were in the inactive category with an average of Metabolic Equivalent Task (METs)= 402.56 ± 121,140 and duration = 88.67 ± 59,600 per minute per week. There was a significant correlation between age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), motivation, availability of sports facilities with physical activity. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that BMI, age and motivation had an influence on physical activity. The level of physical activity among university members was still low and there was a need for university strategies to increase knowledge and behavior to become an active campus with healthy campus campaigns, organizing health checks, championships between campus sports clubs and other strategies.

Peanut shell has a high cellulose content as a carbon source which can be used as a basic ingredient for making activated charcoal. Research on peanut shells used as activated charcoal aims to determine the effect of contact time and pH on reducing levels of metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ in water. The research was conducted using contact time variables (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes) and pH (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). Measurement of adsorbed metal levels was determined by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The research results obtained showed that variations in contact time could reduce Ca2+ levels by 77.46% -84.89% and Mg2+ by 86.88%-88.91%. Adsorbents with variations in pH can reduce Ca2+ levels by 63.48%-88.74% and Mg2+ by 90.35%-94.49%. The best conditions for the absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions were a contact time of 60 minutes and pH 4. The adsorbent was applied to reduce Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels in water with different hardness levels. The results of the analysis of water samples from two different locations had Ca2+ levels of 94.180 mg/L and 210.20 mg/L, while Mg2+ levels were 13.536 mg/L and 17.420 mg/L. The percentages of Ca2+ adsorption for the two samples were 96.19% and 77.08%, and the percentages of Mg2+ adsorption for the two samples were 21.16% and 10.63%. Carbon from peanut shells activated with sodium acetate has the potential to be used to reduce hardness in water.

This article aims to realize the implementation of the independent learning curriculum in the formation of the disciplinary character of students in elementary schools. This article uses the literature study method, which is a research method that is carried out by collecting library data sources related to a topic and aims to explain a main content in accordance with the results that have been obtained. Discussions related to the application of an independent curriculum to the formation of the disciplinary character of students will be presented in a research design that focuses on discussions related to the application of an independent curriculum to the formation of students' character. Various relevant review literature from previous research has been included and studied as a source for writing this research. In the independent curriculum learning process which is carried out gradually or continuously, it is able to improve and shape the disciplinary character of students in completing the knowledge development tasks that have been given on time so that learning activities can be carried out actively and efficiently. In addition, the development of students' knowledge in class in the Independent Curriculum must be supported by various parties, one of which is very important, namely the role of a teacher who can encourage thinking skills and shape their character for the better.

Coconut pulp wasted from processed coconut oil has a protein content of up to 18.20%. The potential coconut pulp protein can be processed in protein concentrate which has many benefits. This research was conducted to determine the effect of NaOH and (NH4)2SO4 concentrations in isolating protein and producing protein concentrates that have the highest yield and protein content. Isolation of coconut pulp protein was carried out using NaOH at several concentrations, namely 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 M, while the protein concentrate was prepared using the salting out method with a saturation level of the ammonium sulfate salt of 55%, 60%, and 65%. Analysis of protein content was carried out using the Kjeldahl method. The use of NaOH 0.2 M and (NH4)2SO4 with a saturation level of 60% was the chosen treatment with crude protein content and yield of 75.63% and 33.83%, respectively.

Bemisia tabaci Genn merupakan vektor hama begomovirus CMV, TMV, ChiVMV, PepYLCV pada tanaman cabai. Berbagai penelitian telah memastikan efektivitas asap cair menurunkan jumlah serangga dan mampu mengendalikan kerusakan yang diakibatkannya. Pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan bahan baku lokal yang melimpah yang dapat dipirolisis menjadi asap cair dan diduga dapat mengendalikan intensitas serangan serangga pada tanaman cabai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh asap cair pelepah kelapa sawit terhadap jumlah nimfa kutu kebul, intensitas serangannya terhadap tanaman, mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, dan mengetahui hubungan dosis pemberian asap cair terhadap ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 32 percobaan ulangan di dalam screen UV Politeknik Hasnur dari Desember 2021 hingga Mei 2022. Analisis data menggunakan model uji Tukey's HSD dengan 5% α. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 15 mL per 1000 mL asap cair yang terbuat dari pelepah sawit mengurangi jumlah nimfa dan intensitas serangan, tetapi pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi tercekam dengan korelasi negatif (R2 = 35%) terhadap ketahanan tanaman pada setiap peningkatan dosis. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan asap cair harus bersentuhan langsung dengan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan.

This study aims to determine the effect of reading material of Indonesian course by student and teacher in Senior High School. The type of reading is in the form of folklore in the West Sumatra area. This research used quantitativeapproach towards descriptive method. It is to describe the learning effect for students and teachers, where it is related to master a reading with critical reading learning using the Sharing Reading Literacy model. The research subjects were students of class X SMAN 15 Padang studying critical reading material and consisting of 10 classes. The instruments used were questionnaire sheets and interview guidelines. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that 74% of students need critical reading learning resources, 73% of student need critical reading learning media, and 58% of student need critical reading learning methods called Sharing Reading Literacy as required by the learning indicators. It shows that the local content text based sharing model affect the Indonesian Language course in Indonesian Senior High School.

The long chain is one of the factors contributing to the high rice prices. The study aimed to examine the performance and mechanism of the rice supply chain in Gorontalo Province. The research was conducted between April and July 2023, and it involved surveying 150 actors within the supply chain, including rice mill operators, paddy farmers, and other stakeholders. The study used descriptive and SCOR analysis methods to analyse the data. The findings showed that Gorontalo’s modern rice supply chain mechanism involves horizontal information, product, and financial flows. The supply chain has ten distribution channels within and outside the Gorontalo region. The study also revealed that the performance of the rice supply chain in Gorontalo Province is generally excellent, with reliability, responsibility, flexibility, cost, and asset management falling into the superior category. However, daily supplies and costs fall into the advantage and parity categories. It is essential to focus on reducing input values and maximising output values to improve the performance and efficiency of the rice supply chain. Effective management and supervision are also necessary to optimise the three flows within the rice supply chain mechanism.

The use of plastics in daily life continues to increase in a variety of uses. One of the most commonly used plastic that is difficult to decompose is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic. In recent years, such as the construction industry, has been trying to reuse the waste as construction material. Therefore, this research aims to contribute by exploring the effect of PET plastic fiber substitution as fine aggregate on the flexural strength of concrete. PET plastic fibers were used at 0.8% as partial replacement of fine aggregates and then chopped to a size of 5 cm long, 1-3 mm wide. The test results indicate that concrete containing 0.8% PET plastic fiber as a substitution of fine aggregate has a higher flexural strength value of 4.32% which is better than normal concrete. Therefore, using recycled PET fiber in concrete is needed as an eco-friendly and sustainable construction material in the future in order to minimize PET plastic waste and replace it as a concrete constituent material.

Conventional geological mapping has several challenges such as limitation of area coverage, tough terrain, unstable weather condition, high-cost survey, also limitation of expert geologist that capable to do geological mapping. Remote sensing is an alternative solution to geological mapping through the combination of satellite gravity, satellite imagery, and seismic shear wave velocity. This research aims to optimise geological mapping activity in the Mount Salak geothermal area from ineffective area coverage mapping and inefficient budgeting allocation. Integration of rock density from satellite gravity, lithological distribution from satellite imagery, and seismic shear wave velocity from Vs30 are giving more detailed lithological units interpretation with specific physical conditions. There are two main area of Mount Salak that should be preserved geothermal resource sustainable. Northeast area needs to preserve heat source and groundwater recharge area, that consist of dense vegetation as landcover, relatively high rock density value (2.30 - 2.50 gr/cm3), high seismic shear wave velocity (600 – 900 m/s), also dominantly covers by Andesitic-Basaltic Lava. Southwest area preserve reservoir and caprock of geothermal conceptual model, where covers by dense vegetation with several bare land as geothermal wells and powerplants, relatively low rock density value (2.00 – 2.20 gr/cm3), moderate seismic shear wave velocity value (450-750 m/s), also dominated by several pyroclastic product such as Lapilli and Tuff. This research shows good indication in geothermal resource preservation in the Mount Salak, that keep natural aspect of geothermal conceptual model still preserved well.

Color is important factor ornamental fish, especially sword platy fish, because can affect selling value. One factor influences color brightness is carotenoids. Carotenoids cannot synthesized by fish's body so must be supplied through feed provided. Red spinach is a natural ingredient that contains carotenoids. Aim of research was to determine effect of adding red spinach leaf extract to artificial feed to increase color brightness, growth and survival of Xiphophorus helleri. Research method used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions. Concentrations of red spinach leaf extract are 0%, 3%, 6% and 9%. Parameters observed were color brightness, absolute weight, absolute length, survival rate and water quality. Results showed that addition of red spinach leaf extract had a significant effect (P0.05) on growth, weight, length and survival rate. Highest increase in color brightness and absolute weight growth was obtained in 9% treatment with an average color brightness score of 6.66, an absolute weight of 0.36 g. Highest absolute length growth occurred treatments C (6%) and D (9%) at 0.41 cm and highest survival rate was obtained treatments A, B and C with a survival percentage of 88%.

Oil palm midribs (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) are one of the wastes from oil palm plantations. The high carbon element composition in the palm midribs has the potential to be used as charcoal or activated carbon. Activated carbon can reduce COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. This study aims to determine the effect of activated carbon mass and contact time on decreasing COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. Palm midrib charcoal was activated using HCl 1N with the independent variable of activated charcoal mass (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 grams) and contact times (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes), while the dependent variable was the percentage decrease COD levels. Activated charcoal from the palm midribs was in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995 concerning the Quality Standard of Activated Charcoal. The effect of the adsorbent mass showed that the mass increase in activated charcoal was directly proportional to the percentage decrease in COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater, while the optimum contact time of activated charcoal was obtained at 60 minutes with a decrease in COD levels of 82.13%.

The study of the potential of Gempol wood stem extract (Nauclea orientalis L.) with three solvent polarities has been exercised to determine the extract with a certain polarity and the smallest concentration that can inhibit the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil. Extraction is performed using the maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. Furthermore, the potency in inhibiting the growth of bacteria was observed by the diffusion method with a range of extract concentrations from the largest to the smallest. The extract's ability to inhibit bacterial growth in the time range of up to 24 hours was measured using the turbidimetric method. The results showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were able to inhibit the growth of both bacteria in a wide concentration range (100 %– 5%), although n-hexane extracts showed the highest percentage in inhibiting both bacteria (15.27 mm and 16.89 mm, respectively). Turbidimetric assays showed the extract was stronger in inhibiting S. aureus compared to E. coli in the logarithmic phase range of 12 hours. This study showed that semipolar and polar extracts can inhibit the growth of bacteria with a wider concentration range compared to non-polar extracts despite having a higher inhibition capability.

Abstract This study aims to explore the deep meaning of profits seen from rural transport drivers’ point of view in Kamal, Bangkalan-Madura. This study uses qualitative research with transcendental phenomenology methods. The results indicate that profits as material are used to support the family needs and the cost of public transportation itself. Meanwhile, For the profits that are interpreted as a non-material form, namely inner satisfaction profits where they can help people who need transportation and spiritual profits by applying “flexible” cost. In spite of feeling anxiousness about their, they believe that will get more than what he gives to others. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali kesadaran dua informan secara mendalam mengenai makna keuntungan yang dilihat dari sudut pandang sopir angkutan pedesaan di Kecamatan Kamal, Bangkalan Madura. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi transcendental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keuntungan dimaknai sebagai bentuk materi digunakan untuk menghidupi keluarganya serta biaya angkutan pedesaan itu sendiri. Keuntungan dimaknai sebagai bentuk non materi yaitu keuntungan kepuasan batin dengan merasa bahagia membantu para masyarakat yang membutuhkan transportasi dan keuntungan spiritual dengan menerapkan tarif “fleksibel” dan tidak pernah merasa rugi membantu setiap penumpangnya, beliau akan mendapatkan rezeki yang lebih dari apa yang diberikannya kepada orang lain

Tofu pulp which generally becomes waste can be used as a source of protein concentrate. Protein concentrates from tofu pulp have been obtained at various ratios of tofu pulp: ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfate salt concentration. The research was conducted to obtain the highest protein yield and content of tofu pulp protein concentrate. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the independent variable being the ratio of tofu pulp filtrate: ammonium sulfate (1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7 (v/v)) and concentrations of ammonium sulfate (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%), while the dependent variables were the yield of protein concentrate and protein content. Production of protein concentrate used the salting-out method with ammonium sulfate salt. The ratio of tofu pulp: ammonium sulfate 70% obtained the best ratio of 1:5 with a yield of 41.6% and protein content of 84.58%. Tofu pulp as industrial waste can be a potential source of protein concentrate because it has a high protein content.

Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang digunakan secara lisan maupun tulisan yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan, hal ini termasuk ke dalam sosiolinguistik. bahasa pada zaman sekarang berkembang begitu cepat melalui media sosial salah satunya yang sering digunakan yaitu media sosial twitter, dimana setiap kata yang dilontarkan atau ditulis menjadi sebuah kata yang populer di kalangan masyarakat, banyaknya kata yang dilontarkan tersebut termasuk ke dalam bahasa slang atau bahasa gaul yang menjadi bahasa sehari-hari. Permasalahan yang terdapat yaitu mengenai penggunaan bahasa slang yang tidak diketahui maknanya oleh penutur sehingga dapat membuat orang tersinggung oleh perkataannya. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan bahasa slang di media sosial twitter. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengguna bahasa slang di media sosial. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menganalisis data yang termasuk ke dalam bahasa slang dan ditemukan di media sosial dengan cara menangkap layar lalu menyimpannya di sebuah dokumen dan dijadikan data transkripsi. Kata kunci: bahasa slang, media sosial twitter, sosiolinguistik

The research aimed to investigate the impact of debt default, disclosure, and financial distress on the acknowledgment of going concern audit opinion in manufacturing companies. The research applied a quantitative type of data complimented with secondary data retrieved from the official website of Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data obtained from purposive sampling method with 108 samples, consisting of 36 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018. The research used a logistic regression as data analysis method with several statistical tests which included descriptive statistics, multicolinearity, fit test goodness, etc. The results show that only financial distress influences the acknowledgment of going concern audit opinion, while other independent variables such as debt default and disclosure do not affect the acceptance of going concern audit opinion. The research is limited since it only refers to the manufacturing industry sector. Therefore, it is suggested that future research expand the scope by obtaining more firms’ sample from industrial sectors and using other independent variables to achieve a more accurate results.

In biology learning, the object of a virus cannot be seen directly. Augmented reality (AR) technology can help visualize the object of a virus in 3D, making it easier for students to learn about viruses. Therefore, this research aims to develop an AR-based learning media product called ARVi. ARVi was created using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the analysis revealed that students need learning media with engaging visualizations. Therefore, ARVi was designed as a mobile application with various colors, images, videos, AR, and quizzes. ARVi underwent validation tests by experts, including biology education lecturers and biology teachers. The user responses were evaluated through a small group test involving 20 students, where questionnaires were distributed. Based on the questionnaire results, the average score for the media expert was 3.84, and for the material expert was 3.80. These scores indicate that ARVi is very valid for use as a learning medium. The results of the small group test were 2.85, indicating that ARVi is valid for use after minor revisions are made. The implementation results for 60 students, as determined through a paired t-test, showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results, with the posttest score being higher than the pretest score. The research results concluded that ARVi is suitable as a biology learning media.

High-order cognitive skills (HOCS) are required to solve problems and make decisions. ARVi or augmented reality virus is a learning medium used to enhance HOCS. Aims of this research is to find out the effect of implementing ARVi media on enhancing high-level cognitive skills of students. The research is a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research was conducted in MAN 1 Kota Bogor class 10 using the Merdeka curriculum. The research instrument is a multiple-choice test that has been validated to measure high-level cognitive skills. The result of the t-test shows t-value (3.14) > t-table (1.98), indicating that there is a significant difference between the posttest scores of the control group and the experimental group. This means that the use of ARVi media has an effect on high-level cognitive skills. The improvement in high-level cognitive skills was continuous in C5 (evaluation) at 78%, C6 (creation) at 72%, and C4 (analysis) at 70%. These results are not independent of the support provided by the various content offered by ARVi media, such as augmented reality, literacy, and high-level questionnaires. Current education can benefit from technologies like ARVi media that help increase the high-level cognitive skills of students.

This study was to compare the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on contrast and macular light sensitivity improvement in dry type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. The subjects were eyes that had been diagnosed with dry type AMD which met inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group was given antioxidants and HBOT. The second group was given only antioxidants. Contrast and macular light sensitivity test were done using MARS contrast sensitivity chart and Humphrey Field Analyzer-3 for three times, pre-therapy, day-1 and 14 post- therapy. This study found that 25 eyes were included for analysis, 14 subjects in first group, and 11 subjects in second group. Statistical analysis results showed that there were significant increase on contrast sensitivity in intervention group between one-day post-therapy with pre-therapy, P = 0.003 (P

Kolesteatom kongenital dapat tumbuh di telinga tengah, apeks petrosus dari tulang temporal dan mastoid. Penyakit in biasanya ditemukan secara tidak sengaja saat melakukan tomografi komputer atau setelah ada komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering terjadi adalah mastoiditis yang menyebabkan abses retroaurikula. Diagnosis kolesteatom kongenital ditegakkan apabila ditemukan kolesteatom tanpa perforasi membran timpani, riwayat otore maupun riwayat operasi telinga sebelumnya. Operasi adalah terapi mutlak pada kasus ini. Dilaporkan satu kasus kolesteatom kongenital dengan komplikasi abses retroaurikula pada seorang anak perempuan berusia 12 tahun. Pada pasien ini dilakukan tindakan timpanomastoidektomi dinding utuh, yang di follow up selama 3 bulan dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Abses retroaurikula merupakan salah satu komplikasi kolesteatom kongenital yang sering menjadi awal gejala adanya kolesteatom kongenital. Deteksi dini dan tatalaksana yang tepat akan memberikan hasil yang maksimal. Kata kunci: abses retroaurikula, kolesteatom kongenital, membran timpani utuh

The development in the agricultural sector required an increase in human resource capacity. The special effort can be in the form of training and skills in processing agricultural products. The research aim was to analyze the factors that influence the dynamics of horticultural farmers groups, and assessed the level of group dynamics and the independence of horticultural farmer group members. The determination of the location of the research was performed by using a qualitative descriptive method, which was performed in two locations, which were Pujon Sub-district, Malang Regency and Batu City. The research was conducted from October to November 2019. The analysis used was descriptive analysis to describe the level of group dynamics in the two regions which were Pujon Sub-district Malang Regency and Batu City. The dynamics level of horticultural farmers in each region was categorized as low (? 20%), moderate (20.1% - 40%), normal (40.1% - 60%), high (60.1% - 80.00 %) and very high (? 80%). The results showed that the dynamics value of the horticultural group in Malang City was included in the high category, which was 77.18%. While the value of group dynamics in Malang Sub-district of Pujon was 77.08% and in Batu City was 77.27%, both regions were included in the high category.

This study was aimed to prepare polyeugenol with high molecular weight and to evaluate its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. First, polyeugenol was synthesized from eugenol in the presence of H2SO4-CH3COOH (4:1) as catalyst. The synthesized polyeugenol was weighed by using viscometer, revealing its high molecular weight of (7.76–21.9) × 105 g/mol. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the polyeugenol was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. It was conducted by applying well diffusion method at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentrations to observe inhibition zones, in which the tests showed that the antibacterial activity of the polyeugenol against S. aureus were 17.42, 17.76, 18.79, 21.42 and 22.55 mm, while those against E. coli were 15.87, 17.23, 17.56, 18.24 and 19.21 mm, respectively. In short, these results indicated a strong antibacterial activity. Then, tests on antioxidant activity against free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl) gave the IC50 value of 80.47 µg/mL, indicating a strong antioxidant activity. Therefore, the polymer synthesized in this work has a high potential to be applied in various biomedical applications.

Three stigmastane steroids: 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (1), stigmast-4-en-3-one (2), and 3-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one (3) were successfully isolated from the acetone extract of Dryobalanps oblongifolia stem bark. The structural determination of isolated compounds was carried out on the basis of data analysis of NMR and MS spectra. In order to identify the antiplasmodial activity, the isolated compound was put to test against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. Antiplasmodial activity of the isolated compounds showed that the IC50 values of 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one were 37.29 μg/mL while the IC50 values of stigmast-4-en-3-one were 43.54 μg/mL and the IC50 values of 3-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one were 13.34 μg/mL (chloroquine phosphate was used as a positive control, IC50 0.006 μg/mL). Judging from the results, the isolated compounds were proven to demonstrate mediocre antiplasmodial activity. Compound (3) indicated a better antimalarial activity than compound (1) and (2), even though there was no satisfactory activity that indicated its ability to combat chloroquine. Therefore, it might not be developed as an antimalarial drug.

This study aims to analyze the variable confirmation between the dividend payout ratio variable with the profitability variable and the lagged dividend variable by looking at the role of the share ownership variable as a dummy mediate variable. The research subject was carried out at the Regional Development Bank (BPD) in Indonesia. This study uses data and samples taken from data issued by the OJK (Financial Services Authority). Regional development banks were chosen because they have a different role in determining their dividend policy compared to other types of banks, but although this bank is different in its dividend distribution process, it is still capable of surviving even in times of crisis (Covid-19). By using OLS regression analysis, this study divides the research sample into a dummy group consisting of share ownership variables, these subsections are things that must be considered because they can be the key to why this type of bank is able to survive when other banks start to rush. goofy in giving dividends.

Research on the extraction and stability test of natural dye from red spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss) has been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of pH and length of sun exposure on the stability of the dye from red spinach. Extraction using the maceration method with ethanol solvent and measurement using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Stability testing is carried out at pH 2-5 and sun exposure for 1-4 hours using a dark and light container. The results obtained, at pH 2 and pH 3, anthocyanins were more stable, compared to pH 4 and 5 which had greater color degradation. In exposure to sunlight, dark containers with a degradation percentage of 31.70% were better than clear containers with a percentage of 48.78%. Keywords: Anthocyanin, red spinach, natural dyes stability.

Forest fire was a persistent concern management in conservation areas of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Many of the forest fire was sparked by anthropogenic ignitions like careless fire use for extracting forest honey. This study aims to map multi stakeholder roles on fire management in conservation areas. Twenty-seven actors were interviewed to learn who are the fire actors and network. These multi stakeholders included government officials, local businessmen, non-governmental organizations and community members. Study site and data collection were carried out in seven villages around conservation areas from July to September 2019. The relationships between the actors were analyzed with the software Node XL Basic and Gephi 9.0.2 using the Social Network Analysis. Our results identify close relationships and strong connections to all actors of more than half (63.2%) but social or personal approach between all actors were still required. Head of MCNP, Head of KBG and Head of AKAR (Aktivitas Anak Rimba) acted as the important actors. To prevent the area from further fire occurrences, management authorities should establish mutual confidence and make other actors believe that heads of conservation areas are a solid team to prevent conservation areas from burning.

Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of urban organic fertilizer and garden soil on the growth of mustard greens. Implementation at Experimental Garden Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University Surabaya Jl. Ketintang Madya VII / 2 Surabaya. This research method used a randomized block design (RAK), where the treatment used (1) factor, namely urban waste organic fertilizer consisting of 8 levels of treatment and repeated 3 times to obtain good results. The parameters of the observations carried out were observing plant length, number of leaves, plant wet weight, observations were made from the age of 14 DAS to 35 DAS with intervals of once a week. The results showed that the treatment of the effect of urban waste organic fertilizer on the growth of mustard greens can be concluded as follows: (1) There is a significant interaction in the treatment of organic fertilizers on the variable number of leaves aged 14 DAS and plant wet weight. The best results were shown in the treatment dose of 15% urban waste organic fertilizer and 85% soil (P3); (2) Treatment of urban waste organic fertilizer at a dose of 15% and soil 85% has a very significant effect on plant length growth at 14 DAS and plant wet weight at harvest and (3) Application of urban waste organic fertilizer with a composition of 15% and soil is 85%. The optimal dosage is able to bind nutrients and provide nutrients according to the needs of the mustard plant.

Sistem zonasi sekolah adalah sistem penerimaan peserta didik yang baru diterapkan beberapa tahun terakhir di Indonesia. Sistem zonasi sekolah mengharuskan calon peserta didik untuk menempuh pendidikan di sekolah yang memiliki radius terdekat dari domisilinya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengkajian tentang kemampuan sekolah menampung siswa dengan diterapkannya sistem zonasi ini. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Cilegon, Banten dengan daya tampung yang dihitung adalah daya tampung sekolah menengah atas negeri (SMAN) yang ada di Kota Cilegon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simulasi sistem dinamik. Beberapa alternatif skenario dapat digunakan dalam pengambilan kebijakan menggunakan simulasi. Skenario yang disimulasikan terdiri dari kondisi existing, skenario pertama dengan mengubah peluang jalur zonasi menjadi 85% dan skenario kedua dengan membangun sebuah sekolah baru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan daya tampung SMAN di Kota Cilegon dengan akan diterapkannya penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi masih belum dapat menampung seluruh total pendaftar untuk tahun 2020 sampai dengan tahun 2023. The school zoning system is a new student admission system that has been implemented in recent years in Indonesia. The school zoning system requires prospective students to register in schools with the closest radius from their domicile. Therefore, an assessment of the school’s ability to accommodate students is needed by implementing this school zoning system. The study was conducted in Cilegon City, Banten with the calculated capacity is the capacity of state senior high school (SMAN) in Cilegon City. This study uses a system dynamics simulation method to solve the problem. Several alternative scenarios are designed that can be used in policymaking. The simulated scenario consists of existing conditions, scenario one by changing the zoning pathway opportunity to 85%, and scenario two by building a new school. The results showed that the capacity of state senior high school in Cilegon City with the adoption of new student admissions using the school zoning system still could not accommodate all total registrants for 2020 to 2023.

Isolation and identification of secondary metabolite of ethyl acetate extract of jackfruit stem (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lmk.) as well as its activity as antibacterial have been carried out. The purpose of this study was to know the characterization and antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites from ethyl acetate extract of the Jackfruit stem. Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated and purified using several chromatographic techniques. The identification of the isolated compound was elucidated by spectroscopic UV-Vis, IR, and NMR. Based on data analysis of UV, IR, and NMR spectra showed that the isolated compound was a flavonoid derivative. Antibacterial activity test of the isolated compound to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was done by a well diffusion method. The inhibitory zone values of flavonoid compound in concentration series of 1000 µg/ml, 3000 µg/ml, and 5000 µg/ml against E. coli were 9.65 mm, 10.25 mm, and 11.00 mm, respectively. While, the inhibitory zone values in the same concentration series against S. aureus were 9.00 mm, 10.75 mm, and 11.38 mm. Keywords: Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lmk., flavonoid, antibacterial activity.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migrate and transmigrate to acute liver failure (ALF) area due to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation as an attractant molecule then actively giving the paracrine signaling and or differentiating into primary hepatocytes, however the best route of MSCs transplanted to liver injury area remains unclear. Aim: In this study we compare intravenous (IV) and intraperitoneal (IP) route of MSCs administration by analyzing serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and bilirubin level as improvement markers of liver function and VEGF as attractant-proliferation molecule on days 2 and 5. Materials and methods: Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 200 g were used in this study. They were divided in three study groups: vehicle control, IP and IV groups. The IV group was treated by MSCs at dose 1×106 by lateral tail vein injection and IP group received 1×106 MSCs via IP injection. The level of SGPT, SGOT and bilirubin were measured by an automatic analyzer, the VEGF level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the CD73 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results: This study showed that IV injection of MSCs was more efficient for increasing liver function than IP treatment group that confirmed by the observed significant decrease in SGPT, SGOT and bilirubin level on days 2 and 5 (p

Accurate quantification of nerves in cancer specimens is important to understand cancer behaviour. Typically, nerves are manually detected and counted in digitised images of thin tissue sections from excised tumours using immunohistochemistry. However the images are of a large size with nerves having substantial variation in morphology that renders accurate and objective quantification difficult using existing manual and automated counting techniques. Manual counting is precise, but time-consuming, susceptible to inconsistency and has a high rate of false negatives. Existing automated techniques using digitised tissue sections and colour filters are sensitive, however, have a high rate of false positives. In this paper we develop a new automated nerve detection approach, based on a deep learning model with an augmented classification structure. This approach involves pre-processing to extract the image patches for the deep learning model, followed by pixel-level nerve detection utilising the proposed deep learning model. Outcomes assessed were a) sensitivity of the model in detecting manually identified nerves (expert annotations), and b) the precision of additional model-detected nerves. The proposed deep learning model based approach results in a sensitivity of 89% and a precision of 75%. The code and pre-trained model are publicly available at https://github.com/IA92/Automated_Nerves_Quantification.

Scab disease is the main disease on sweetpotato, planting the resistance varieties to scab disease is an effective, easy, and inexpensive way. The research was carried out in Jambegede Experimental Station in January – April 2021. The material tested were 13 purple promising clones from the breeding section, four check varieties that are Antin 2, Antin 3, Papua Solossa and Ir, Melati. Inoculation of Sphaceloma batatas fungus (spore density 104 spores/ml solution) were done when the plantation 14 days old, in the afternoon, by evenly applying spore suspension to the entire plant. The severity of scab disease is observed when the plants at 60 days old. The sample used were 10 tendrils per clone, the scab intensity was percentage of tendril area infected by scab. Besides, tuber characters such sweetpotatoes as marketable tuber weight, tuber shape, dry matter content, also morphological characters such as plant type, leaf shape, anatomy of leaves such as number of bone leaves, number of stomata and stomata density and the The degree of infection of scab disease were observed. The experiment’s result showed that eight sweetpotato promising clones was resistant, one clones were moderately resistant, four clones were moderately susceptible. Four clone recommended as new variety based on high productivity, good quality of tuber performance namely MSU 10001-15, MSU 10003-07, MSU 10010-43 and MSU 10018-40.

This article explores the contribution of UNIQLO Indonesia’s CSR program in dealing with female refugees. Based on the case study, UNIQLO Indonesia's CSR program collaborates with UNHCR to assist female refugees in the Jakarta and Tangerang areas. This study uses the concept of CSV, in which Porter and Kramer express that the concept of CSR and CSV are dissimilar, whereas CSV creates higher capitalism. Moon, Parc, Yim, and Park agree that CSV generates higher wealth and contributes to economic growth. This study uses a qualitative approach and qualitative data analysis techniques, such as interviews with resource persons related to the UNIQLO Indonesia CSR program. The authors also conduct desk reviews and use secondary data as a supporting tool. This study found that UNIQLO Indonesia's CSR program runs effectively in helping female refugees. In contrast, UNIQLO Indonesia's CSR activities align with SDG 5 (gender equality) and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth).

A study was conducted on the antibacterial activity test on n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of ebony bark (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) using a diffusion method. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of ebony bark against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using n-hexane, ethyl acetate dan ethanol. The method of extraction used in this research was maceration method with three polarity levels of solvent. The antibacterial activity test was performed by diffusion-well test. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract gave the highest inhibition of 26.14 mm in gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and ethanol extract of 25.97 mm in gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Keywords: Ebony (Diospyros celebica. Bakh), Tree Bark, Inhibitory, Antibacterial

The utilization of waste as raw materials is one of the alternatives in applying the "zero waste" principal. Rice husk is one of the wastes of rice plantation which has very high silica content at around 80-90%. The extraction of silica from rice husk can be used to make slow release fertilizer. Slow release fertilizer is a fertilizer with a nutrient release mechanism that periodically follows the pattern of nutrient absorption by plants. This study aims to optimize rice husk tablets formulation by extraction using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and to determine the physical and chemical properties of the results of rice husk extract tablets. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely the concentration of KOH with variations in solvents 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% and warm-up durations of 5, 7.5 and 10 minutes. The largest hardness value was 3,356 kgf in 7.5% KOH with 10 minutes in microwave. The largest yield of silica was 7.5% KOH with the longest heating time of 10 minutes of 5.30%. Through XRF analysis, it was found that the largest silica value was 6.51% at 5% KOH with a heating time of 5 minutes. Based on the comparison with the conventional heating method, the results of extraction did not reach optimum results of silica extract (21.8%), whereas in this research the yield obtained was 6.51%. Thus, based on these results, heating using microwave did not produce optimal silica results.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang produksi maltodekstrin dari pati umbi talas (Colocasia esculenta) menggunakan enzim alfa amilase. Tujuannya adalah untuk menghasilkan maltodekstrin dengan variasi berat pati terhadap enzim dan waktu hidrolisis terbaik yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh maltodekstrin dengan rendemen dan nilai DE ≤20. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu berat pati dan waktu hidrolisis yang masing–masing dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rendemen maltodekstrin tertinggi diperoleh pada berat pati terhadap enzim 25 g dengan nilai 54,93% dan DE 12,56. Waktu hidrolisis pati yang menghasilkan rendemen maltodekstrin tertinggi adalah pada waktu 180 menit yaitu 64,29% dengan nilai DE maltodekstrin yang diperoleh yaitu 11,37. Kata Kunci :Enzim α- amilase, maltodekstrin, pati umbi talas.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kadar protein terlarut dan gula total biskuit fugsional beras jagung fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu fermentasi yang memiliki kadar protein terlarut dan gula total tertinggi terhadap biskuit fungsional. Variasi waktu fermentasi untuk menentukan kadar protein terlarut dan gula total biskuit fungsional yaitu (12, 24, 36, 48 dan 60 jam). Diperoleh hasil analisis perlakuan yang terbaik terhadap biskuit fungsional adalah pada waktu fermentasi selama 60 jam dengan kadar protein terlarut 2,274% dan kadar gula total 15,114%. Sedangkan hasil analisis untuk uji organoleptik biskuit fungsional yaitu nilai kesukaan rasa tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi selama 60 jam yaitu 5,4 (suka). Kata Kunci: beras jagung, fermentasi, biskuit, protein terlarut, gula total

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai ekstraksi dan karakteristik minyak biji salak (Salacca Edulis Reinw) dari salak lokal dan salak pondoh. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat profil asam lemak dan menentukan karakteristik kimia minyak biji salak. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode sokhletasi dengan pelarut n-Heksan. Kadar minyak yang diperoleh adalah salak lokal sebesar 0,52% dengan berat minyak 0,13 g dan salak pondoh kadar sebesar 0,82% dengan berat minyak 0,21 g. Hasil pengukuran GC – MS minyak biji salak lokal dan salak pondoh menunjukkan hasil yang sama. Kromatogram GC – MS dua jenis salak menunjukkan hanya tiga puncak yang teridentifikasi profil asam lemak yaitu metil 14-metil-pentadekanoat, metil cis-9,cis-12-oktadekanoat (Linoleat), dan metil oktadekanoat (Stearat). Hasil karakterisasi minyak salak diperoleh bilangan asam 46.00 mg KOH/g minyak, bilangan peroksida 40 meq O2/g minyak, materi tidak tersabunkan 55,27% untuk salak lokal dan bilangan asam 56,10 mg KOH/g minyak, bilangan peroksida 60 meq O2/g minyak, materi tidak tersabunkan 61,86% untuk salak pondoh. Kata kunci: Salacca edulis Reinw, minyak biji salak, profil asam lemak, sifat kimia