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Aquatic mammals in Indonesia are officially protected. However, there is a lack of research on these mammals, particularly in relation to potential diseasecausing bacteria. A study was conducted in a conservation pond to address this gap, where swab samples were taken from the blowholes of aquatic mammals. The focus was on identifying bacteria that could potentially cause infectious diseases in these animals. The results revealed V. parahaemolyticus bacterial isolates, which showed a 98% similarity to the registered V. parahaemolyticus in NCBI. These bacterial isolates exhibited hemolysin properties and demonstrated resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, cephalothin, and penicillin antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aeromonas hydrophila is a zoonotic, important primary fish pathogen in many economic fish species. Aeromonas acquires and exchanges antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) and has been widely studied as a potential reservoir of ARGs. This research aims to observe the impact of antibiotics used through the role of Aeromonas hydrophila as a pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. The tested antibiotics are based on the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 1/2019 Decree, namely tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin, which the Indonesian government allows to be used in aquaculture. Random sampling was conducted using four to five fishes per farm in West Java, namely Bogor (17 farms) and Sukabumi (10 farms), Central Java at Banyumas (38 farms), and Magelang (25 farms). The test method used is CLSI-2020, an Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test disk diffusion with standard bacteria ATCC Escherichia coli 25922. The results show that A. hydrophila is resistant to tetracycline by 15,06% and oxytetracycline by 54,54%. However, A. hydrophila is sensitive to enrofloxacin by 84%. The aquatic environment acts as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant A. hydrophila and emphasizes the importance of prudent antimicrobial use and timely AMR surveillance in aquaculture.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Clostridium perfringens sialidase treatment on monolayer cell behavior using computational screening and an in vitro approach to demonstrate interaction between enzyme-based drugs and ligands in host cells. Materials and Methods: The in silico study was carried out by molecular docking analysis used to predict the interactions between atoms that occur, followed by genetic characterization of sialidase from a wild isolate. Sialidase, which has undergone further production and purification processes exposed to chicken embryonic fibroblast cell culture, and observations-based structural morphology of cells compared between treated cells and normal cells without treatment. Results: Based on an in silico study, C. perfringens sialidase has an excellent binding affinity with Neu5Aca (2.3) Gal ligand receptor with Gibbs energy value (ΔG)--7.35 kcal/mol and Ki value of 4.11 µM. Wild C. perfringens isolates in this study have 99.1%-100% similarity to the plc gene, NanH, and NanI genes, while NanJ shows 93.18% similarity compared to the reference isolate from GenBank. Sialidase at 750 and 150 mU may impact the viability, cell count, and cell behavior structure of fibroblast cells by significantly increasing the empty area and perimeter of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, while at 30 mU sialidase shows no significant difference compared with mock control. Conclusion: Sialidase-derived C. perfringens has the capacity to compete with viral molecules for attachment to host sialic acid based on in silico analysis. However, sialidase treatment has an impact on monolayer cell fibroblasts given exposure to high doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study analyzes the mycobiome in wild and captive Sumatran orangutans. Materials and Methods: Nine orangutan feces samples from the wild and nine from captivity were divided into three repeats from 11- to 15-year-olds in good health. The Illumina platform for analysis of ITS bioinformatics was used according to the Qiime2 and CCMetagen approaches. Results: Wild Sumatran orangutans include 53% Ascomycota, 38% uncultured fungi, and 4% Basidiomycota. Orangutans in captivity are 57% Ascomycota, 26% uncultured fungi, and 2% Basidiomycota. Based on genuslevel, uncultured Neurospora (31%), Penicillium (10%), Aspergillus (3%), Fusarium (3%), Candida (2%), Cutaneotrichosporon (2%), and Limonomyces (2%) are found in wild orangutans. The most prevalent genus among captivity orangutans is Aspergillus (32%), followed by fungal sp. (11%), Lasiodiplodia (18%), Devriesia (2%), and Sordariomycetes (2%). According to the Chao1 diversity index and Shannon and Simpson, there was no significant difference between wild and captive Sumatran orangutans. Conclusion: Neurospora is unique to wild Sumatran orangutans, although Aspergillus predominates in captive orangutans. We hypothesize that the gut mycobiome of wild orangutans will resemble that of orangutans in captivity. The excellent range of food sources in the forest does not result in the prevalence of fungi in the typical gut microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at identifying and characterizing the bacteria and fungi present in white edible bird's nests with purple and pink discoloration in contrast to unaltered products. Samples were collected from raw material warehouses of various factories in Indonesia. Subsequently, the material was investigated for the presence of fungi and bacteria using culture and biomolecular identification methods. Additionally, bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and oxacillin was determined. Three coagulase-negative staphylococci strains were isolated, including Mammaliicoccus sciuri, Staphylococcus saprophyticus , and S. arlettae , as well as two Aspergillus fumigatus strains. Oxacillin resistance was found for M. sciuri, S. saprophyticus , and S. arlettae. The bacterial and fungal species isolated from white edible bird's nests with pink and purple discoloration were characterized phenotypically and genotypically. Therefore, this study might help ensure microbiological safety in the edible bird's nest industry and improve food safety surveillance. Finally, this work is the first to show the presence of S. arlettae in edible bird's nests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Vet Indones. The Indonesian Veterinary Journal / Jurnal Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extensive use of antibiotics on farms play a major role in the development of commensal and pathogenic bacterial resistance. The resistance characteristic of bacteria is brought by genes which can spread cell-to-cell. Escherichia coli is normal bacteria in poultry gut. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify E. coli, test E. coli against antibiotics and detect genes encoding antibiotics resistance. A total of 30 cloacal swab samples were collected from layer farm in Bogor Districts. Seventeen E. coli isolates were identified. The isolates also confirmed by PCR. Antibiotics susceptibility testing used disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer method. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin were used in this study. Antibiotics resistance were tetracycline (94.1%), oxytetracycline (94.1%), ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (70.6%), nalidixic acid (88.2%), ciprofloxacin (41.2%), enrofloxacin (41.2%), chloramphenicol (0%) and erythromycin (100%). The distribution of antibiotics resistance genes were tetA (81.3%), blaTEM (100%), aac(3)-IV (8.3%), gyrA (100%) and ermB (0%). In conclusion, E. coli had been isolated from layer farm in Bogor Districts. It was resistant to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and erythromycin. The tetA, blaTEM, aac(3)-IV and gyrA genes were detected in E. coli isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]