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Background and Study Aim. This research provides valuable scientific insights into internalized behavioral issues, particularly focusing on perfectionism. It explores both the adaptive and maladaptive aspects of perfectionism, providing comprehensive information that can guide future interventions and therapeutic strategies to address related psychological, pedagogical, and kinesiology challenges. Materials and Methods: This quantitative study included 256 participants aged 9-18, varying in sport type and gender. The Sport Multidimensional Questionnaire Perfectionism Scale 2 (SMPS-2) was used for this research. Mann-Whitney U test, Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), cluster analysis and Chi-Square analysis were used to analyze the results. Results. The obtained data showed significant differences in factors that are important according to sport type and gender. Also, results showed three different clusters inherent to athletes regarding their sport type. The majority of respondents belong to the "Moderate Perfectionists" cluster. In contrast, the "Maladaptive perfectionist" affiliation is significant for individual athletes, and the athletes who play team sports belong more significantly to the "Moderate Perfectionists" cluster. Conclusions. This paper provides an insight into the potential mental problems young athletes face in a challenging developmental phase, adolescence. Research provides valuable insights into perfectionism and its variations and offers practical information for coaches, parents, and teachers. It expands the limited literature on perfectionism in young athletes. This information can be used to direct their efforts towards promoting mental health and preventing issues related to perfectionism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tatsuya Yamaguchi,1– 3 Akari Kitahara,1,4 Kazuki Sato,1 Masaru Mimura3,5 1Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; 4Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; 5Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Tatsuya Yamaguchi, Email t.yamaguchi.cm@juntendo.ac.jpPurpose: To investigate the differences in characteristics between Japanese athletes who visited mental health outpatient clinics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Patients and Methods: Athletes who visited various healthcare facilities between 2018 and 2022 were considered. The independent variable was the timing of outpatient mental health clinic visits—either before or after COVID-19. The primary outcome was the F classification based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. We collected data on clinical psychiatric diagnoses, age, sex, referral pathway, and sports-related information such as the type of sport, level of contact, individual/team sport, involvement duration, and athletic competition level. Between-group comparisons were performed among the pre- and post-COVID-19 groups using the t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and chi-square test.Results: Eighty-six athletes (37 before COVID-19 and 49 after COVID-19) were deemed eligible for the study. No significant differences were detected between the pre- and post-COVID-19 groups. However, subgroup analyses revealed a significant increase in anxiety-related disorders among female athletes and in participation in individual sports among male athletes in the post-COVID-19 group compared with the pre-COVID-19 group.Conclusion: The increased anxiety among female athletes and the increased participation in individual sports among male athletes suggest that these groups should be a high-priority target for early intervention and prevention strategies. This study contributes to our understanding of how COVID-19 has affected the mental health of athletes seeking medical treatment in Japan, and it highlights which segments of the Japanese athlete population may be more vulnerable to mental health issues in the post-COVID-19 era. Although the sample size is small, this study also provides valuable insights for practitioners on how to target specific segments of the athlete population for the implementation of interventions aimed at mitigating the development of mental health issues after COVID-19.Keywords: Japanese athletes, mental health problems, medical facilities, individual sports, female athletes, anxiety

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting and preventing sports injuries across various disciplines. By exploring the application of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, such as random forests (RFs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and artificial neural networks (ANNs), this review highlights AI's ability to analyze complex datasets, detect patterns, and generate predictive insights that enhance injury prevention strategies. AI models improve the accuracy and reliability of injury risk assessments by tailoring prevention strategies to individual athlete profiles and processing real-time data. A literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science, focusing on studies from 2014 to 2024 and using keywords such as 'artificial intelligence', 'machine learning', 'sports injury', and 'risk prediction'. While AI's predictive power supports both team and individual sports, its effectiveness varies based on the unique data requirements and injury risks of each, with team sports presenting additional complexity in data integration and injury tracking across multiple players. This review also addresses critical issues such as data quality, ethical concerns, privacy, and the need for transparency in AI applications. By shifting the focus from reactive to proactive injury management, AI technologies contribute to enhanced athlete safety, optimized performance, and reduced human error in medical decisions. As AI continues to evolve, its potential to revolutionize sports injury prediction and prevention promises further advancements in athlete health and performance while addressing current challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Elite athletes adhere to strict daily routines, particularly concerning their nutritional habits. However, these practices can occasionally lead to a pathological fixation on healthy eating known as orthorexia nervosa which may adversely affect sleep quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between orthorexia nervosa tendencies and sleep quality in elite athletes, as well as to investigate potential differences in orthorexia nervosa tendencies and sleep patterns between athletes engaged in individual versus team sports. Methods: The present study explores how orthorexia nervosa tendency affects sleep quality in 249 elite athletes (115 women: aged 19.92 ± 2.48 years, sporting tenure: 8.16 ± 3.96 years, and 134 men: aged 20.69 ± 2.72 years, sporting tenure: 7.85 ± 3.59 years). The orthorexia nervosa tendency was evaluated using the ORTO-11 scale, while their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: The results of the present study indicate that orthorexia nervosa negatively affected sleep quality (rho = −0.173, p = 0.006). Additionally, no differences in the orthorexia nervosa tendency was observed between individual and group athletes (p = 0.287); however, individual athletes presented poorer sleep quality (p = 0.287). Conclusion: These results indicate that the elite athletes who present higher orthorexia nervosa tendency had a higher risk of having poorer sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) is an important predictor of physical and mental health preventing chronic degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate in a group of Italian high school students whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and lifestyle habits (diet) are associated with the level of physical activity performed (low, moderate, high). Data were collected from 2819 adolescents (n = 951 males). HRQoL was analyzed using the Italian version of the KIDSCREEN-52. Physical activity level was analyzed using the PAQ-A, while eating habits with KIDMED. Practicing physical activity in general improves HRQoL. Specifically, adolescents practicing moderate or high PA, in single dimensions of HRQoL, showed better mood (p < 0.001), self-perception (p < 0.001), family relationships (p < 0.001), reported a higher perception of socioeconomic status (p < 0.05), relationship with peers (p < 0.001), and social acceptance (p < 0.001). High PA subjects reported increased physical (p < 0.001) and mental health (p < 0.001), increased autonomy (p < 0.001), and school learning (p < 0.001). For lifestyle habits, practicing moderate PA showed higher adherence tox the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results highlighted a positive association between the frequency of PA levels, some dimensions of HRQoL, and risk behaviors. These findings demonstrated the protective role of sports not only as a preventive strategy for the onset of chronic degenerative diseases, but also as an educator of healthy lifestyle habits, thus suggesting the importance and need to implement strategies to promote sports practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Intercontinental Journal of Sport Management / Revista Intercontinental de Gestão Desportiva is the property of Revista Intercontinental de Gestao Desportiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the sport context, critical social agents, such as coaches and peers have a significant impact on youth developmental outcomes as well as participation decisions. While youth’s interpersonal relationships with coaches and peers in sport have received considerable attention, to-date, there remains a lack of research examining the impact of such dynamics for youth development and participation decisions according to sport type. The purpose of this study therefore was to explore youth’s relationships with coaches and peers in individual and team sports and the perceived influence of such dynamics on their developmental experiences and participation decisions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 youth athletes (10 boys and 10 girls), 13-19 years of age and data were analyzed through a reflexive thematic analysis approach. Regardless of sport type, all athletes highlighted the critical importance of coaches and peers for youth development and participation decisions. However, team sports were perceived to better satisfy youth’s developmental outcomes, such as meaningful connections, fun and enjoyment, athletic worth, and motivation and interest. The lack of connections beyond the coach-athlete relationship in individual sports reportedly contributed to decisions to leave sport. To optimize positive developmental experiences and sport participation for youth, coaches are encouraged to prioritize opportunities for youth to experience interpersonal connections with peers; specifically, nurturing peer connections beyond competition outcomes in individual sports remains an important area of interest. Recommendations for future research and practice are suggested.

Globally, millions participate in golf, however, the likelihood of transitioning to a professional level is only 0.006%. Success as a professional golfer is uncertain, even for individuals who attain this status. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the most significant research findings identifying factors that promote professional development in golf, thereby aiding aspiring golfers in their journey toward becoming professional athletes. Following a segregated design, quantitative and qualitative research findings were analysed using meta- and thematic analyses. Electronic searches were conducted in Scopus, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus™, Web of Science™, and EbscoHost™. Search terms included golf, athlete development, professional golfer, and golfer transition. The eligibility criteria included studies written in English from 2007 to present. The electronic search yielded 7216 records, and after evaluation, the review included 24 qualitative and 33 quantitative studies. The study identified seven main topics related to the professional development of golfers, namely the expertise of the caddie, the quality of coaching, the developmental environment of golfers, availability of funds, competition-specific training, strong psychological skillset, and physical conditioning. The review highlights the need for all stakeholders in a professional golfer’s environment to adopt a holistic approach to enhance golfers’ professional development and maximize their performance potential.

This study aims to investigate the risk perceptions of individuals who have an interest in both team and individual sports within the virtual world. The study has been structured utilizing the quantitative research methodology of a survey model. The study involved 207 participants who are avid users of smartphones and social media, and who have shown a keen interest in team or individual sports. The study was carried out at the sports facilities located in the Serdivan district of Sakarya province. The data collection process utilized the Virtual World Risk Perception Scale, a tool developed by Arslankara and Usta (2018), to assess individuals' perception of risk in virtual environments. In addition, a personal information form consisting of 8 items was administered to collect socio-demographic data. The data has been analyzed utilizing the SPSS 25.00 software package. Calculations have been performed to determine the frequencies, means, standard deviations, and percentage distributions of the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Given that the data followed a normal distribution, the analysis focused on virtual world risk perceptions of participants in team and individual sports, taking into account their sociodemographic characteristics. The independent samples t-test was employed for making pairwise comparisons, whereas the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was utilized for comparisons that involved more than two groups. The Tukey test was employed to determine the origin of the difference between groups, as indicated by the results of the variance analysis. Overall, there were no significant differences observed in any of the sub-dimensions of the virtual world risk perception scale when considering participants' educational background and their involvement in either individual or team sports. Regarding gender, women exhibited a greater perception of virtual opportunities, whereas men displayed a higher perception of virtual corruption. University graduates exhibited a greater perception of virtual opportunities and virtual awareness. Participants in all occupations exhibited a greater perception of virtual opportunities, virtual exhaustion, and virtual awareness. Individuals who were 32 years old or older exhibited a greater perception of virtual opportunities and virtual awareness. Individuals with a moderate income level exhibited a greater perception of virtual opportunities. Moreover, there was a substantial rise in the sub-dimensions of virtual opportunities for individuals who spent 5 hours or more using social media.

Copyright of Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Sportif Bakis: Spor ve Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Elite athletes adhere to strict daily routines, particularly concerning their nutritional habits. However, these practices can occasionally lead to a pathological fixation on healthy eating known as orthorexia nervosa which may adversely affect sleep quality. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between orthorexia nervosa tendencies and sleep quality in elite athletes, as well as to investigate potential differences in orthorexia nervosa tendencies and sleep patterns between athletes engaged in individual versus team sports. Methods The present study explores how orthorexia nervosa tendency affects sleep quality in 249 elite athletes (115 women: aged 19.92 ± 2.48 years, sporting tenure: 8.16 ± 3.96 years, and 134 men: aged 20.69 ± 2.72 years, sporting tenure: 7.85 ± 3.59 years). The orthorexia nervosa tendency was evaluated using the ORTO-11 scale, while their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results The results of the present study indicate that orthorexia nervosa negatively affected sleep quality (rho = −0.173, p = 0.006). Additionally, no differences in the orthorexia nervosa tendency was observed between individual and group athletes (p = 0.287); however, individual athletes presented poorer sleep quality (p = 0.287). Conclusion These results indicate that the elite athletes who present higher orthorexia nervosa tendency had a higher risk of having poorer sleep quality.

Across all sports, there has been increasing realization that mental health symptoms and disorders in athletes are common. More specifically, there has been increasing study of differences in mental health between individual and team sport athletes. However, this topic is still under-developed, and no comprehensive review on the topic has been undertaken. This manuscript aims to provide a narrative review of mental health symptoms and disorders, spanning depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance use and other addictive disorders, in individual versus team sports. Findings revealed that individual sports may be associated with relatively more negative mental health than team sports. This includes depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and concepts related to exercise addiction. Substance misuse and use disorders may be an exception to this pattern, with team sport athletes exhibiting higher rates of problematic alcohol use, use of certain forms of nicotine, and possibly use of illicit substances such as marijuana. Reasons for the greater overall mental health risk in individual versus team sports may include relatively more negative self-attribution after failure and less social cohesion/support. Steps can be taken to improve the sporting environment for all athletes—across individual and team sports—in order to optimize mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explosive strength has a decisive role in the rapid execution of movements and in achieving sports performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the differences in the level of explosive force for the upper and lower body, depending on the involvement in curricular physical activities, leisure physical activities or physical efforts in various sports disciplines. The participants are students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport/bachelor’s degree: 147 men (age = 20.82 years old). The study was based on a transversal research, with the division of students into 3 distinct investigation groups (as an independent variable), according to sports majors: IS (individual sports), TSG (team sports games) and NA (non-athletes). 7 lower body explosive force evaluation tests and 6 upper body explosive force evaluation tests were applied. The use of ANOVA/Analysis of variance and the comparison on pairs of sports specializations indicate statistically significant differences for most of the tests, between the TSG and NA, respectively IS and NA groups, with the superiority of the athletes. No significant differences are reported between the TSG and IS groups, with 2 exceptions: in the 30s-Plyometric Push-Ups the IS group has significantly better values, respectively in the 30s-lateral hop for the TSG group (p ≤ 0.05). The results of our study are in line with the average performance values provided by other research in the field (although they are weaker than those of elite athletes). The superiority of the individual values of volleyball players and sprinters/Track and field for the power of the lower body, respectively of combat sports practitioners and practitioners of sports games—which use the muscle groups of the trunk and arms in training—for the power of the upper body is confirmed, so the specificity of the effort also influences the explosive force values.

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of practicing sports activities on manual skills, focused on reaction time depending on manual laterality. The objectives of the study were to identify the differences in improving simple, optional, and cognitive reaction times in the manual executions of student athletes who practice team sports involving the manual handling of the ball (volleyball, basketball, handball) in comparison with student athletes who practice individual sports and with non-athletic students; to identify the differences regarding the reaction time of the right- and left-handed executions depending on the manual lateralization of the subjects (right- and left-handedness) between the three experimental samples: team sports group (TSG), individual sports group (ISG), and the group of non-athletes (NAG) through the use of computer tests. The study included 335 subjects who were divided into three groups: TSG with 102 subjects, ISG with 112 subjects, and NAG with 121 subjects. The subjects of the study were given five computer tests to evaluate three types of reaction time: simple reaction time (Start/Stop Test), choice reaction time (Check Boxes Test, Hit-the-dot Test), and time of cognitive reaction (Trail making Test part A and B). The results were analyzed regarding right- and left-handedness, as well as the execution hand (right hand or left hand) in solving the tests. The results of the study highlighted significant statistical differences between the three groups: TSG, ISG, and NAG. The best results were recorded by TSG in all tests, and the lowest by NAG. Statistically significant differences were also recorded between the executions with the dominant hand compared to the executions with the non-dominant hand in relation to right- and left-handedness. The study highlighted that the smallest differences in all the study groups were recorded in the simple reaction time test, where the differences between the right-handed and left-handed executions were the lowest, reflecting the best level of symmetrization of the motor executions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Plyometric exercises represent a typology of aerobic exercises that are used to improve speed, physical resistance and strength. Monitoring strength training and reaction speed has a number of unique difficulties due to differences in physical characteristics and capabilities between athletes and the environment in which they perform. Thanks to this, the analysis, reliability and accuracy of the data provided by new smart technologies based and controlled in the easiest way through smartphones or tablets, can provide us with exact values of the executions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Sports participation is associated with children's health and wellbeing; however, existing evidence is predominantly based on cross-sectional studies. This study examined the longitudinal association of sports participation with psychosocial wellbeing of Australian children. Data were from five waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children aged 6–7 years in 2010 (n = 4,242) and followed up until 2018. Outcomes were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Sports participation was measured using two items assessing regular participation in team and individual sports. Multilevel mixed effects modeling showed that any sports participation was beneficially associated with psychosocial wellbeing. Boys who participated in team sports had 1.78 point lower difficulties score (β = − 1.78; 95% confidence interval: − -2.01, − 1.55), while this was 0.58 points lower for individual sports (β = − 0.58; − 0.81,-0.34). In girls, difficulties score was 1.22 point lower for team sports (β = − 1.22; − 1.44,-1.00) and 0.49 point lower for individual sports (β = − 0.49; − 0.71,-0.26). Sports participation was positively associated with better quality of life with team sports (β = 4.72; 4.15,5.28 for boys; β = 3.44; 2.87,4.00 for girls) offering more benefits than individual sports (β = 1.00; 0.83,1.98 for boys; β = 1.40; 0.83,1.98 for girls). Participation in both team and individual sports had the strongest benefits. Prolonged engagement in sports was associated with better psychosocial wellbeing in a dose-dependent manner. Regular participation in any sports can benefit children's wellbeing with team sports being more beneficial than individual sports. Encouraging children to regularly participate and remain engaged in sports can help to optimize their psychosocial wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to examine the mental training and digital game playing behaviors of athletes in terms of various demographic variables. 280 volunteer athletes (174 men and 106 women) from Diyarbakır (140) and Elazığ (140) engaged in individual and team sports branches as members of the research group. The study used the "Personal Information Form" as a data collection instrument, the "Mental Training Inventory in Sports (MTIS)" to assess athletes' mental training levels, and the "Digital Gaming Attitude Scale (DGAS)" to assess their attitudes toward playing digital games. There was a significant difference between the type of sport performed, the status of playing digital games, the digitally playing the sport branch, the income status, the year of doing sports, the sportive degree, the weekly training time and the weekly digital game playing (p0.05). Male athletes outperformed female athletes on the Mental Training Inventory, whereas amateur athletes outperformed professional athletes. Female athletes outnumber male athletes in the research group; team sports athletes outnumber individual athletes; professional athletes outnumber amateur level athletes; athletes who play digital games outnumber those who do not; athletes with a high-income level do not play digital games; and athletes with a sports background of 12 years or more do not play digital games. The total scale score average appeared to be larger. As a consequence, it was discovered that there is a positive and highly significant association between athletes' mental training and digital game playing attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The first 2 years of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound effect on youth sports participation. Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth sports injury patterns, with a secondary aim of comparing organized team and individual sport–related injuries in diverse age groups. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was searched to identify injuries sustained by patients aged 11 to 23 years while playing organized team or individual sports from 2017 to 2021. We investigated reports of concussions, dislocations, fractures, and sprains/strains. Results: Between 2017 and 2021, there were 58,721 and 3778 team and individual sport–related injuries, respectively. When compared with the prepandemic years, there was a 57.07% decrease in 2020 and 22.31% decrease in 2021 for the number of organized team sport–related injuries. Organized individual sport–related injuries had a 56.24% and 35.18% decrease in number in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Male patients were most likely to be injured in team sports (81.0%), and female patients were most likely to be injured in individual sports (67.1%). High school athletes sustained the majority of injuries in team (57.0%) and individual (51.2%) sports. The years 2020 and 2021 saw a decrease in proportion of sprains/strains and an increase in proportion of fractures. Conclusion: The number of organized sport–related injuries reported to emergency departments decreased in 2020, and despite vaccinations and easing of social distancing, the 2021 value did not return to what it was prepandemic. As coronavirus-related restrictions have eased, there should be careful monitoring of sports injuries among youth athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the nutritional knowledge levels of individual and team sports athletes. The study was quantitative research and 96 athletes of Artvin Provincial Directorate of Youth Sport participated the study voluntarily. In the questionnaire form, there were 39 questions, including 8 demographic characteristics questions and 31 questions on the Nutrition Knowledge Scale (NKS). Since the data showed normal distribution considering the skewness and kurtosis values, independent groups t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation analyses were used in the statistical analysis. As a result of the analysis, no significant difference was found between the nutritional knowledge scores of the students and the variables of gender, age, amount of daily liquid consumption and sports experience; however, significant differences were found according to BMI, sports branch and daily food consumption (p<.05). According to the results of Post-Hoc (SCHEFFE), which was conducted to determine the source of the difference, it was determined that the nutritional knowledge level of individual with normal weight was significantly higher than overweight individuals, and the nutritional knowledge level of those who took 3 meals a day was significantly higher than the nutritional knowledge level of those who took 5 meals a day. Although nutrition is very important in ensuring the growth and development of individuals, it is the use of all nutrients by taking them into the body in a sufficient, balanced and regular way so that individuals can lead a healthy life. This study is of great importance both in this respect and in terms of sports nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regular book reading activity on attention level and reaction time in student athletes. The study group consists of 33 student athletes, 17 individuals in control group and 16 individuals in experiment group, doing individual or team sports. Experiment group read books for a period of 40 minutes, three times a week. In addition to personal information form, “Visual Attention Test” is applied to volunteers. The data of the research were evaluated in the SPSS program. Differences were observed in reaction time of students who regularly read books and not (p

Copyright of Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia is the property of Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The anxiety of an athlete in the process of participating in competitions and in the process of competitions is the main obstacle to achieving sports results. This study aimed to compare the state of anxiety before and during the competition of different levels and gender categories of kurash athletes. A total of 450 kurash athletes (international level - 225, national level - 225, males - 238, females - 212) voluntarily participated in this need to optimize the psychological training that kurash athletes of the national category received before competitions, and to organize the training of females based of an individualized approach, in particular, with the implementation of psychological training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Research on the microstructure of practice activities has reported equivocal findings. Limited sports have been included in systematic observations. Playing form activities have not been examined for individual sports. This study scrutinized the amount of time devoted to different activities during practice and refined the usability of playing form and training form for various sports. Methods. Systematic observations were conducted in an elite sports school. Youth athletes aged 16-20 years and coaches from 6 different sports (hurdling, archery, field hockey, netball, squash, volleyball) were involved. Practice activities were categorized as playing form, training form, and transition, and compared between sports. Results. The proportion of different activities conducted during practice varied for each sport and coach. Hurdlers employed the longest time on transition (43%), squash players utilized the majority of time on playing form (40%), whilst the archers and all 3 team sports athletes consumed most time on training form (51-83%). Representatives of 3 sports did not engage in any playing form activities. Conclusions. This study showed that elite coaches are still applying traditional approaches in structuring practice activities. Coaches should employ playing form during practice sessions, but the definition needs to be adapted to encompass multiple sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research in Sports Science is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to examine trends and determinants of organised sports participation among children of immigrant parents from low-and-middle-income countries, high-income countries, and Australian children. Longitudinal (nine-year follow-up). Data were from the birth-cohort of Australian Children aged 6–15 years with follow-up between 2010 and 2018. Organised sports participation was measured using two items about regular participation in team and individual sports. Multilevel logit modelling was used to assess the determinants of organised sports participation across groups. Both team sports participation and individual sports participation increased between 6 and 11 years and declined between 11 and 15 years across the three groups. Children of immigrant parents from low-and-middle-income countries (OR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.57–0.74) and high-income countries (OR 0.82; 95 % CI 0.76–0.89) had lower odds of team sports participation than Australian children. Children of immigrant parents from low-and-middle-income countries had lower odds of team sports participation (OR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.69–0.90) than children of immigrant parents from high-income countries. Female children, high screen time, high psychological difficulties, increased number of siblings and low socio-economic position were identified as determinants of lower team and individual sports participation. The present study identified evidence of disparities in organised sports participation among children of immigrant parents and Australian children. Multilevel and multicomponent interventions to promote children's organised sports participation should be prioritised, with a focus on children of the female sex, older children, children with lower socioeconomic status, and children with higher screen time and higher psychological difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine elite Canadian individual-sport athletes’ experiences with an Olympic team-selection process. Six nonselected Canadian individual-sport athletes who were attempting to qualify for the Olympics took part in 3 semistructured interviews during the Olympic team-selection process, after they gained knowledge of their selection status, and after the Olympic Games. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three major themes emerged from the interpretation of the athletes’ experiences: (a) pursuing and expressing the Olympic athlete identity; (b) navigating the Olympic team-selection process: expectations, barriers, and tensions; and (c) moving on: reactions, life-goal reinvestment, and athletic-goal adjustment. Participants’ experiences were shaped by personal motivation and social expectations, with changes shifting across the 3 interview periods. Athletes attempted to manage the discontent of nonselection through processes of positive reappraisal, athletic-goal adjustment, and accentuating other life goals and identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore female student athletes’ participation in initiation activities, specifically to examine whether activities in the United Kingdom followed trends similar to those reported elsewhere. A sample of 8 female athletes representing both traditional and nontraditional team and individual sports (M age = 20 yr 3 mo, SD = 1 yr 3 mo) who met inclusion criteria of having taken part in an initiation ceremony consented to participate in a semistructured interview. Thematic content analysis resulted in the emergence of 6 higher order themes represented by 2 general dimensions: the initiation event and initiation outcomes. Findings indicated that female student athletes’ initiation activities encompassed discrete stages as they moved from team newcomers to accepted team members. Of particular concern is the direct and indirect role of alcohol in these events and the health and behavioral risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The practices of strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches have been reported in various professional sports. This study aims to comprehensively assess this available evidence to help establish whether theoretical, practical, and evidence-based guidelines align with the practices employed by these experienced S&C coaches. Three databases were searched (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) until November 2020. Studies surveying the practices of S&C coaches in professional sports using a survey design with common questions, written in English, and published in peer-reviewed journals were reviewed. Eight studies (n = 318 S&C coaches) were finally included. All studies adapted a similar survey, providing a strong basis for comparison between sports. Periodization strategies were widely used (89%), with training volume consistently reduced during the in-season period. Olympic weightlifting was commonly used across sports, except in baseball (29%). Plyometric exercises were predominantly prescribed for speed development (74%) and lower body power (68%), which were mostly programed as complex training (45%) and conducted all year round (52%). Flexibility exercises were mostly performed before practice (83%) for 6–10 min (40%). Physical tests were mainly conducted during the pre season period (66%), with body composition (86%) being the most used test. S&C coaches generally adhered to current guidelines and research in S&C concerning training prescription and physical testing. Whereas, inter sport differences were also noted and further discussed. Results of this study can be used by S&C coaches to plan, implement, and review their professional practices. Furthermore, may inform the development of general and sport-specific guidelines, and future research in S&C.

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The practices of strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches have been reported in various professional sports. This study aims to comprehensively assess this available evidence to help establish whether theoretical, practical, and evidence-based guidelines align with the practices employed by these experienced S&C coaches. Three databases were searched (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) until November 2020. Studies surveying the practices of S&C coaches in professional sports using a survey design with common questions, written in English, and published in peer-reviewed journals were reviewed. Eight studies (n = 318 S&C coaches) were finally included. All studies adapted a similar survey, providing a strong basis for comparison between sports. Periodization strategies were widely used (89%), with training volume consistently reduced during the in-season period. Olympic weightlifting was commonly used across sports, except in baseball (29%). Plyometric exercises were predominantly prescribed for speed development (74%) and lower body power (68%), which were mostly programed as complex training (45%) and conducted all year round (52%). Flexibility exercises were mostly performed before practice (83%) for 6-10 min (40%). Physical tests were mainly conducted during the preseason period (66%), with body composition (86%) being the most used test. S&C coaches generally adhered to current guidelines and research in S&C concerning training prescription and physical testing. Whereas, inter-sport differences were also noted and further discussed. Results of this study can be used by S&C coaches to plan, implement, and review their professional practices. Furthermore, may inform the development of general and sport-specific guidelines, and future research in S&C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders and is often accompanied by sleep disturbances. Studies have focused on the ameliorative effect of sports games on anxiety and its subsidiary issues. However, the effect on the improvement of such mental and physical disorders between individual sports and team group sports is not yet clear, especially regarding their effects on anxiety and sleep quality improvement. Therefore, this paper explores the improvement effects of individual sports and team sports participation on anxiety symptoms and sleep quality amelioration. Objective: To explore the effects of individual and team group sports participation on ameliorating college students' anxiety symptoms and sleep quality. Methods: A total of 197 college students were sampled in the study. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms and level of sleep quality. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: team sports, individual sports, and control groups. The distribution ratio of these groups was 1:1:1. Results: Generally, compared with the control group, the subjects in the team sports group and individual sports group had greater improvements in anxiety amelioration and sleep quality improvements. Specifically, the improvement effect between individual and team sports groups was different. To assess the resulting differences, improvements in anxiety symptoms and sleep quality were compared between the team sports group and the individual sports group with reference to the mean change in the control group. In the corrected model, the odds advantage ratio (OR) of anxiety symptom improvement after individual sports was 3.18 (CI 2.87–11.21), and the advantage OR of anxiety symptom improvement after team sports was 4.99 (CI 4.06–14.87). The advantage OR of sleep quality improvement after individual sports was 7.32 (CI 5.53–18.22), and the advantage OR of anxiety symptom improvement after team sports was 7.98 (CI 6.69–19.98). Conclusion: After 6 weeks of intervention, it was found that both team sports and individual sports improved anxiety symptoms and sleep quality with different effects. Team sports were better at improving anxiety, while individual sports and team sports shared the same improvement effect with no significant difference in sleep quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempted to explore the motivation for sports participation among the disabled by some of their demographic characteristics. The sample consisted of 277 (135 females, 142 males) orthopedically (n = 105), hearing (n = 98), and visually (n = 74) disabled individuals. The data were collected using a demographic information form and the Sports Participation Motivation Questionnaire - Disabled (SPMQ-D), developed by Tekkurşun Demir et al. (2018). The data were compared between the groups through independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover, the significant differences resulting from ANOVA were subjected to the Scheffe test to reveal the source(s) of differences between the groups. The findings revealed that the participants with an orthopedic disability got significantly higher scores on the SPMQ-D and the extrinsic motivation and amotivation subscales than the visually impaired participants. Besides, the orthopedically disabled males had significantly greater amotivation for sports participation than their female counterparts, while the external motivation scores of the hearing disabled females were significantly higher than those of the males in the same disability group. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the participants on their scores on the SPMQ-D and its subscales by onset of disability. On the other hand, the participants - regardless of the type of disability - interested in individual sports and engaging in regular exercises had greater motivation for sports participation than those interested in team sports and not doing regular exercises. Finally, the disabled participants with 3 and 4+ siblings were also found to have higher motivation for sports participation than those with 1 sibling, 2 siblings, and no siblings. Overall, it can confidently be claimed that orthopedically, hearing, and visually disabled individuals differ in their motivation for sports participation by type of disability, gender, sports branch of interest, regular exercise status, and number of siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the self-perception of students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences regarding leadership behaviors according to team sports and individual sports preferences. 476 students studying at different departments of the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bayburt University participated. To measure the participants' self-perceptions about leadership behaviors, a questionnaire consisting of four dimensions developed by Özbek an d Kızılyallı (2017), "Self-Perception Scale Related to Leadership Behaviors of Undergraduate Students," and a demographic form containing gender and department variables were applied. The t-test and ANOVA analysis of the scores obtained by the questionnaire were performed. According to the findings, based on gender, it was determined that the male participants in the self-confident leader sub-dimension of the scale were significantly higher than the female participants. In the principled leader sub-dimension, the mean scores of the female participants were significantly higher than the male participants in individual sports. In team sports, it was found that the average score of male participants in the self-confident and determined leader sub-dimensions was significantly higher than that of female participants. According to the departments in individual sports, a significant difference was found in the self-confident leader sub-dimension in the self-perception score averages of the participants regarding leadership behaviors. The average score of the participants studying in the recreation department is significantly higher than in other departments. The self-perception score averages of the participants who prefer team sports, on the other hand, showed a significant difference in the Participative Leader subdimension of the scale. It was found that the average scores of the participants who studied in the department of coaching education were significantly higher than the participants who studied in other departments. As a result of the study, it was determined that gender and department variables affected the self-perceptions of athletes who prefer team sports and individual sports regarding leadership behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The birthplace (the place where an athlete was born) effect (BPE) has been found to be one of the environmental variables associated with early talent development and the achievement of a high level of proficiency in sport. The purpose of the current study is twofold: (1) to calculate the BPE in 14–18-year-old athletes who participated in individual and team sports and (2) examine how coaches perceived this effect. The participants were 1397 athletes (390 females and 1007 males) who competed in 5 individual (gymnastics, judo, swimming, tennis, and track and field) and 5 team (basketball, soccer, team handball, volleyball, and water polo) sports, as well as 147 coaches who provided their preliminary thoughts about the BPE. Data analyses revealed that although the BPE was not found to be associated with cities of a similar size, it was observed that growing up in cities of small and medium sizes was more beneficial than growing up in towns or cities of other sizes. Most of the coaches believed that certain characteristics of the place or city where the athlete grew up (e.g., proximity to sport facilities) could contribute positively to the athlete's development. We discuss how the BPE data can aid policymakers in developing a sport policy associated with early phases of talent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Education Technology & Scientific Researches is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary goal of this research was to study Emotional Intelligence (EI) and motivation and its relationship and impact with individual and team sport performance. The study was conducted with three objectives, which included acomparison of emotional intelligence and motivation scores of individual and team based female athletes; and to measure the relationship between emotional intelligence and motivation with sports performance of individual and team based female athletes; and to examine the impact of emotional intelligence and motivation on sports performance of female athletes.A Crosssectional research design was used and a total number of 134 female athletes of individual and team sports from four different universities participated in present study. There were no differences in mean scores of female athletes of individual and team sports on motivation, EI, and sports performance. On the other hand, there was no positive relationship between EI and sports performance of individual and team sports. Whereas, significantly positive relationship was not observed between EI, motivation and sports performance of individual and team sports. A statistically significant effect of motivation on sports performance of individual and team sports was observed, no significant impact of EI on sports performance was observed. The combined effect of EI and motivation on SP was not statistically significant. Based on the results, it was concluded that female athletes of individual and team sports showed similar level of EI and motivation, though EI didn't show a significant impact on sports performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is approximately 35 years since the publication of the first relative age effect paper in sport and despite the volume of empirical studies, book chapters, conference presentations, and column inches dedicated to this topic we appear to be no further on in eliminating or attenuating this discriminatory practice. This commentary argues that the ongoing use of univariate methods, focusing on primary or secondary analyses of birth-date data, unearthed from previously un-examined contexts is not conducive to stimulating discussion or providing empirical solutions to relative age effects. This paper concludes by suggesting a departure from the traditionally narrow view of relative age inquiry and instead consider the role of transdisciplinary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety represents a multifaceted response that can hinder or help performance. Anxiety experienced at high intensity and in the long term is a noxious phenomenon. However, moderate anxiety can lead to improved performance, stimulating on-task effort. The aims of our study are to determine the pattern of anxious reactions in coaches with superior results in competition and to identify which facet of anxiety is a better predictor of sports performance. A total of 57 coaches (19 women and 38 men) participated in the research. We assessed four facets of trait anxiety using the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales. The results highlight significantly lower scores in successful coaches compared to novice coaches for anxiety in new situations and in separation conditions. When talking about anxiety in physically dangerous and sociallyevaluative circumstances, no significant differences were found between the two groups of coaches (successful and beginner ones). After performing two separate binomial logistic regressions, we can argue that the scores for anxiety in separation conditions are a better predictor of sports performance than anxiety in new situations, the model explaining 30% of the variance in international or national performance and correctly classifying 75.4% of cases. The conclusions of our study represent valuable resources for sports psychologists, future (and current) coaches and researchers who are eager to better understand the impact of A-trait on sports performance, in the case of coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose . The purpose of the current research is to investigate tennis players and swimmers’ perceived coaching behaviors for sport with sport age. Material/Methods : A cross-sectional survey method was applied to tennis players and swimmers (Buyukozturk et al., 2012). Participants (nfemales=175; nmales=187) were selected from different tennis (n=122) and swimming (n=240) clubs in Canakkale, Istanbul and Hatay provinces. For data collection, a translated Turkish version (Yapar et al., 2014) of the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S) (Côté et al., 1999) was used. The CBS-S includes 47 items and 7 sub-dimensions. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics. The CBS-S sub-dimensions were evaluated with the sport age of tennis players and swimmers (p

Abstract Background In children physical activity has been shown to be associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study further explores this association for specific characteristics of sports participation, namely membership of a sports club, frequency of sports participation, performing individual versus team sports, performing indoor versus outdoor sports, while differentiating between specific dimensions in the physical, psychological and social domain of HRQoL. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from Dutch primary school children aged 10 to 12 years. They completed the Movement and Sports Monitor Questionnaire Youth aged 8 to 12 years (MSMQ) and the KIDSCREEN-52, an HRQoL questionnaire for children and adolescents. The data were examined using linear multilevel analyses because of the clustering of children in schools. Results The questionnaires were completed by 1876 children (response rate 81.3%). Membership of a sports club, moderate or high frequency of sports participation, and performing outdoor sports were all significantly associated with better HRQoL. These associations were largely found in the physical domain of HRQoL, to a lesser degree in the social domain, and to a limited extent in the psychological domain. Conclusion The association between sports participation and HRQoL in children depends on both characteristics of sports participation and the domain of life that is concerned. These differences offer starting points for developing tailor-made sports programs for children.

Copyright of Croatian Journal of Education / Hrvatski Časopis za Odgoj i Obrazovanje is the property of Uciteljski Fakultet u Zagrebu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)