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The article is devoted to the analysis of public administration in the field of national minorities rights protection. The author analyzes the system of authorities aimed at protecting the national minorities interests and nationalities in Ukraine. The Committee on Nationalities under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was the first ukrainian central state body of the executive power, entrusted with the functions of ensuring ethno-national policy and protecting the national minorities interests. It is emphasized that the structure of public authorities protecting the rights of national minorities was not limited exclusively to the activities of the specialized central executive body. The positions of Advisor to President on ethno-national problems of Crimea and Advisor to President on the affairs of the Ukrainian diaspora were introduced. At the regional (oblast) level, the Republican Committee for Nationalities and Deported Citizens of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea operates, as well as the relevant subdivisions at the local level-nationalities and migration departments of regional state administrations. The situation changed with the switch of the state policy vector from pro-Russian to pro-European. This was not least due to the recommendations of the OSCE and the need to converge with the acquis communautaire of the European Union. National minorities rights protection has been in focus since the independence of Ukraine. Establishing and functioning of the relevant Ministry (Committee) on National Minorities is a direct confirmation of this thesis. This issue was always in focus of the Ukrainian governments besides the period of the rule of the pro-Russian government (2010-2014), when most of the state institutions for the protection of national minorities were liquidated. This fact determined the revolutionary events of the Euromaidan (2014) to some extent. As of today, Ukraine fulfills its obligations regarding the protection of the national minorities rights. The current central authority (State Service of Ukraine for Ethnic Policy and Freedom of Conscience, DESS) was formed in accordance with the recommendations of the OSCE and taking into account the experience of the EU member-states. Its status is lower in the executive power hierarchy. However, its scope of competence and its actual activity best serves the interests of the national minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This phenomenological study aimed to explore the journey of non-IP teachers teaching IP students in selected IP schools of La Paz District II, La Paz, Agusan del Sur. The study investigated the experiences of non-IP teachers, their challenges, their coping mechanisms, and insights gained into the language barrier in the teaching and learning process. Utilizing the purposive sampling technique, the research informants were five non-IP teachers who were subjected to in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that the experiences encountered were the way they talk, their dialect, and the gap in communication. The challenges met were learning their language, dispensing knowledge, students' reading comprehension, and misunderstanding and misinterpretation. The difficulties encountered in handling IP students were the medium of communication, classroom management, school attendance, and understanding of the lesson. On the other hand, the study showed that the challenges and difficulties the informants encountered made them become passionate about teaching, motivated to teach students well, considerate in many things, and have a creative mind. The coping mechanisms included learning the IP native language, having students translate the language to their native language, and being flexible and adaptive. Further, their learning and realization included employing various strategies and approaches, a teacher must be approachable, utilize technology, be passionate about teaching, and there must be constant communication and interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) is a critically endangered primate, which within Malaysia has not been known to extend significantly outside the state of Johor. Traditionally, distribution studies on this highly threatened primate have relied on conventional methods such as DNA identification, live counting, and camera trapping. However, ethnoprimatology offers an alternative approach to data collection, involving the active participation of indigenous and local communities possessing valuable knowledge and experience with local primate species. This study employed an integrated approach incorporating ethnoprimatology by utilizing pooled local expert opinion, local surveys, interviews, and fecal DNA analysis, resulting in a novel distribution range for the banded langur. The combination of expert opinions revealed this species' most optimistic distribution scenario across Johor and Pahang, inhabiting various ecosystems, including lowland forests, peat swamps, and human‐modified landscapes. Further interviews and surveys conducted within the Orang Asli community in Tasik Chini and Tasek Bera have provided additional support for the revised distribution, documenting occurrences of banded langur utilization in indigenous practices, such as food consumption, cultural beliefs, medicinal applications, and craftsmanship. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated genetic differentiation between populations in Johor and Pahang, with the populations in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia likely serving as ancestral sources for other populations. Consequently, this study not only elucidated the updated distribution of banded langur through DNA records and direct observations but also established the efficacy of ethnoprimatology as a precursory tool for uncovering the present distribution patterns of other primate species in Malaysia. Research Highlights: An integrated approach that incorporates ethnoprimatology, pooled local expert opinion (PLEO), and fecal DNA analysis has successfully revealed a novel extended distribution for the banded langur.The study revealed that banded langur has been long utilized by the Orang Asli in various purposes, including as bushmeat, traditional medicine, religious beliefs, musical instruments, and other cultural usage.The analysis showed that the populations in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia serve as a plausible basal population in Peninsular Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a copyedited version of the 13 September 2019 presentation the author made at the conference of the Ethnicity, Race, and Indigenous Peoples (ERIP, a section of the Latin American Studies Association [LASA]), which took place at Gonzaga University, in the state of Washington, in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food insecurity exists when households do not have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences. Food insecurity remains a serious challenge for many households in Vietnam and the situation is even more prevalent among rural smallholders. Therefore, this study aims to assess the food insecurity status according to rural households' profile and present better intervention strategies for policy makers to reduce food insecurity among rural households in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the link between demographic pressure and inter-ethnic conflicts. Relying on a mixed-methods approach applied to the paradigmatic case of the Cauca region of Colombia, we argue that demographic pressure can play an important role in explaining a recent wave of conflicts between indigenous, mestizo peasant and Afro-Colombian communities. We find that increasing population density within indigenous territories (resguardos) increases the probability of conflict, and that this effect is most acute in resguardos with limited agricultural area. We also describe the complexities of claims and strategies linked to these conflicts and the impact on social relationships and livelihoods. We advocate for a more holistic understanding of land struggles, one that moves the discussion beyond territorial recognition for indigenous peoples and engages with the multiple challenges ethnic communities are facing, including demographic pressure, land scarcity, environmental fragility and endemic poverty and marginalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopted in 2010 as a supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, the Nagoya Protocol (NP) mandates the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources provided by Indigenous peoples. Member states must newly enact or amend domestic laws to align with the NP. Consequently, many countries are currently implementing legislative, administrative, and policy measures to ensure fair benefit sharing from the use of Indigenous genetic resources. We examined the inclusion of intellectual property (IP) protection in the sharing of benefits from research and development that utilizes Indigenous genetic resources. The NP does not specify guidelines for IP‐related benefit sharing, leaving each member state to establish its own rules. We used an economics‐based approach to explore the optimal scope and duration of IP protection for maximizing stakeholder interests, including those of Indigenous peoples, at the national level. The optimal duration of IP protection was when the marginal social cost and benefit of IP protection were equal. When this point occurred varied depending on various factors, such as the type of genetic resources in the country, existence of alternatives, number of users, and competing actors. The optimal scope of IP protection was when the social benefit of investment in fundamental research equaled the social benefit of application development. Likewise, this point of implementation also varied based on various factors, such as the type, uniqueness, potential for further discovery, and diversity of providers in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian railway histories are dominated by narratives of engineering triumphs, colonial expansion into empty land, and bringing civilisation and development through railway infrastructure. These settler‐colonial stories can be read back on themselves as histories and geographies of Aboriginal dispossession and colonial possession. Indeed, Aboriginal people, lands, waterways, and cultures have always been implicated in railway infrastructures, willingly or not. Aboriginal people’s entanglements with the New South Wales railways, to which we refer as “rail relations,” have involved dispossession, removal, employment, mobility, and travel, including the forced removal of children known as the Stolen Generations. These are relations of harm, loss, and grief but also of pride, connectivity, and survival. We argue in this paper that when Aboriginal communities engage in storying the New South Wales railways as Aboriginal they reassemble this infrastructure otherwise: not just as a tool of dispossession but also as life affirming. Indigenous storytelling can therefore overcome settler colonial erasure and the oversimplification of railway infrastructure hi/stories. Research about how Aboriginal lives have been interconnected with railways expansion and development is limited. While Aboriginal railway stories are continuously told within communities, they remain almost entirely silenced elsewhere. Overcoming the invisibility of Aboriginal rail relations is crucial as both truth‐telling of the past and to ensure more just infrastructural outcomes now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human T-limphotropic virus 1 infection has a global distribution, with a high prevalence in some regions of Brazil and the world, while HTLV-2 infection is endemic mainly among indigenous people and drug users. To analyze intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1/2 in five Kayapó indigenous peoples (Gorotire, Kararaô, Kokraimoro, Kubenkokre, and Xikrin do Bacajá), we investigated 1452 individuals who underwent serological and molecular tests. Among the 276 indigenous people with positive results, we identified intrafamily transmission in 42.7% of cases, representing 38 families. It was possible to suggest horizontal and vertical transmissions in 15.8% (6/38) and 47.4% (18/38) of the family groups, respectively. In 15.8%, it was not possible to suggest the route, which indicated that the transmission may have occurred through both vertical and horizontal routes. Through phylogenetic analyses, 35 samples positive for HTLV-2 were sequenced and classified as subtype 2c, and the two samples that tested positive for HTLV-1 were shown to belong to the cosmopolitan subtype, transcontinental subgroup (HTLV-1aA). This study confirms the intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1/2 infection in indigenous people of the Brazilian Amazon, highlighting the importance of the sexual and mother-to-child transmission routes in maintaining the virus in these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive phenomenology study aimed to glean insights from the narratives of Blaan learners, an indigenous community residing in Mindanao. Specifically, the study sought to capture the lived experiences and perspectives of Blaan learners, shedding light on their unique challenges and resilience. Five (5) Blaan learners from Lanao Kapanglao Elementary School were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that Blaan learners often traverse dangerous routes to school, assume independence at a young age, and come from large families. These experiences underscore the resilience of Blaan learners amidst adversity. However, they also highlight the significant challenges they face in accessing education and navigating their daily lives. In light of these findings, targeted interventions are recommended to support the educational journey and well-being of Blaan learners. Suggestions include the creation of safe road designs along school routes by the Local Government Unit (LGU), strengthening law enforcement within school zones, equipping learners with safety skills, and implementing weekly feeding programs for Blaan learners and other Indigenous youth. Additionally, initiatives such as counselling sessions addressing early marriage and parental separation among Blaan youth may be beneficial. This study emphasized the importance of understanding the unique experiences of indigenous communities like the Blaan, and advocates for proactive measures to address their specific needs and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Malaysia, despite a decline in cases, malaria remains a major public health concern, especially among the vulnerable indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in remote areas. Effective preventive and control measures require an evidence-based understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP regarding malaria in an indigenous settlement in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2024 in six Semai sub-ethnic indigenous villages in Pos Lenjang, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. A structured questionnaire was administered to randomly selected individuals (≥ 12 years old) to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and KAP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and predictors of KAP were determined using logistic regression. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 267 individuals from 160 households were interviewed. Nearly half had good knowledge (49.4%) and positive attitudes (54.3%) towards malaria, with high practice scores for prevention and control (83.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of good knowledge in those aged 40–59 years (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 6.90, p = 0.034), with primary (aOR = 2.67, p = 0.015) or secondary education (aOR = 2.75, p = 0.019), and with previous malaria history (aOR = 5.14, p < 0.001). Higher odds of a good attitude were found in those with secondary education (aOR = 4.05, p < 0.001) and previous malaria history (aOR = 2.74, p = 0.017). Lower odds were observed for the unemployed (aOR = 0.25, p = 0.018) and those collecting forest products (aOR = 0.25, p = 0.049) for attitude and practice, respectively. Discussion: The overall practice level on malaria prevention was high among the Semai Orang Asli in Pahang. However, to ensure sustainability, the low levels of knowledge and attitude regarding malaria must be strengthened through increased health education and continuous community engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparsely populated geographic edges of colonised nations exhibit heterogenous historical demographic trajectories. In this study, we analyse the longitudinal evolution of the settlement system in Northern Australia to quantify and visualise relative settlement dynamics over 165 years. We extend the existing literature by deviating from analysing each township as an individual entity, instead focusing the analysis on relativities within the entire settlement system. We quantify settlement and systemic volatility through measurement and visualisation of relative settlement sizes using rank-sizes and document rank-size changes between 1856 and 2021. We analyse rapid and non-synergic shifts in rank-trajectories and demonstrate rank-trajectories for selected settlements by types. We found that the expansion of a fly-in-fly-out workforce in the resource sector since the 1980s has meant less turbulent trajectories for the settlement system in the North could potentially open prospects for more sustainable population growth policies while relocating the risks of resource dependency in employment and growing unemployment during economic bust from edges to core areas. Beyond annotating the evolution of the settlement system in Northern Australia, this study demonstrates the potential for policy, economic conditions and definitional peculiarities to affect volatility in the settlement system at geographic edges elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Norwegian compulsory education increasingly recognises Sámi rights and the Sámi as an Indigenous people, the question of how we can provide inclusive education for Sámi pupils by recognising Sámi culture in teaching remains. I argue in this literary research, that inclusive education, both as a concept and as a practice in school, stems from a pathological field, targeting individual needs, and therefore misses the target when educating pupils with an Indigenous cultural belonging. Inclusion as a concept centres on practices such as fellowship, participation, equal access, quality, equity and justice, but its legacy is anchored in individual needs, influencing how we think about inclusion and implementing inclusive measures. This way of thinking still guides the national strategy for inclusive education but will not be sufficient for Sámi pupils, since they, as a group, are not disabled. So-called inclusive measures will rather enhance the integration of Sámi pupils into the Norwegian framework of schooling defined by the majority's expectations for fellowship, participation and so forth. While Indigenous inclusion takes integrative measures which uphold the status quo, thus dependent on a majority perspective, indigenising has an Indigenous baseline. I argue that non-Sámi society needs to re-contextualise itself towards the Sámi society if we want an education for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I interrogate the Philippine Indigenous Peoples Education's operational construct of culture to explicate its indigenous knowledge systems and practices (IKSP) integration into the K-12 curriculum. Pragmatism as a philosophical framework mainly guides the argument in this paper. In the first part, I introduce the old and contemporary meanings of culture and point out flaws in the IKSP integration. Literature backing the essence of IKSP integration into the school curriculum dominated by the Western knowledge system is discussed in the second part, followed by a discussion on culture and indigeneity that nuance further the IKSP integration in public education. The Philippine Indigenous Peoples Education is presented next, highlighting its definition of IPs, focus areas, support systems, and recent developments, ending with a critique. Analysis and discussion follow. The paper concludes with a challenge, especially for the education sectors, to reframe their lenses at looking at culture to build authentic relationships with indigenous communities and provide indigenous learners with an education that is need-based and culture-sensitive, one that respects their worldviews, knowledge systems, heritages, and identities, one that is truly liberating. Providing IPs an education responsive to the changing society can help them achieve a real sense of self-determination for social progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planting trees is widely regarded as a positive contribution to combating climate change and establishing a future-proof, green economy. Yet, there is mounting evidence from many tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions of the world that tree plantations can have multiple negative economic, social and environmental impacts. These are not always accounted for by the private and public institutions who have heavily supported the forestry sector in recent decades. This 'tropical provocation' reports from a recent fieldtrip to the Wallmapu, the region the Mapuche Indigenous people call their ancestral homeland. There, I saw with my own eyes that the so-called green economy does not work for Mapuche communities, as they experience extreme water shortages, wildfires and other plundering from what they regard as their territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand's older Indigenous people (Māori) are underserved and underrepresented as consumers of aged residential care services (ARC). This study seeks to ascertain, from the perspectives of older Māori and whānau (family), the influence of structural factors that impact the process of seeking aged residential care. This study used a qualitative Kaupapa Māori research approach. In-depth interviews were undertaken with older Māori (n = 30) and whānau members (n = 18). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed with themes identified using thematic analysis. Structural barriers related to 'Navigation' and 'Service design and locality' were identified by older Māori and whānau which provide insight into the oppressive nature of structural racism and highlighting various factors that affect older Māori and whānau access to ARC. Equity approaches that focus on optimising Māori access to ARC are needed in order to move ARC services towards equity. ARC services provide an important service for older New Zealanders. Our findings challenge and disrupt the universalistic nature that underpin New Zealand health structures. Health decision-makers should consider these findings to address the powerful and damaging effects structural racism has that compromise older Māori and whānau uptake and access to ARC services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In Malaysia, despite a decline in cases, malaria remains a major public health concern, especially among the vulnerable indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in remote areas. Effective preventive and control measures require an evidence-based understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP regarding malaria in an indigenous settlement in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2024 in six Semai sub-ethnic indigenous villages in Pos Lenjang, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. A structured questionnaire was administered to randomly selected individuals (≥ 12 years old) to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and KAP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and predictors of KAP were determined using logistic regression. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 267 individuals from 160 households were interviewed. Nearly half had good knowledge (49.4%) and positive attitudes (54.3%) towards malaria, with high practice scores for prevention and control (83.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of good knowledge in those aged 40–59 years (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 6.90, p = 0.034), with primary (aOR = 2.67, p = 0.015) or secondary education (aOR = 2.75, p = 0.019), and with previous malaria history (aOR = 5.14, p

The European Arctic is commonly thought of as a pristine and homogeneous area. In reality, it is a diverse region experiencing growth relying on natural resource extraction. Despite local communities being primarily affected by industry activities, most socioeconomic impact assessments are conducted at the macro level. This study addresses this gap by examining the impacts of economic activities on local communities. Using secondary data and semi-structured interviews from 15 hubs in five European Arctic countries, the study draws on locally relevant insights. Findings indicate that many activities focus on economic growth, and existing strategies do not adequately address biophysical boundaries. Furthermore, alternative activities need to be developed in a more balanced manner that aligns with the needs of indigenous and local communities. Finally, participation of various actors in future developments is critical to reduce the negative impacts of industry activities.

A partir de entrevistas y conversaciones a profundidad con cinco enfermeros técnicos de los pueblos Yine y Shipibo-Konibo que laboran en establecimientos de salud en la Amazonía de Ucayali en Perú, este estudio muestra que las prácticas desplegadas para atender a los enfermos con síntomas de Covid-19 hicieron uso de terapias y nociones biomédicas e indígenas. Dichas prácticas reflejaron su formación en salud intercultural y su capacidad para adecuar las normas establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud. En función de los síntomas observados en los pacientes, los enfermeros indígenas usaron una variedad de prácticas: vaporaciones, masajes, baños, infusiones y remedios. Las nociones de salud y enfermedad que los enfermeros técnicos indígenas comparten con sus pacientes fueron la base para interpretar el Covid-19 y estuvieron presentes en las atenciones brindadas. Esto se nutrió de la existencia de un sistema de cuidado familiar bastante articulado que fue tejiéndose y siendo negociado en función de los síntomas y las terapias aplicadas. Sus prácticas demuestran la creatividad en los pueblos indígenas. En ese sentido, el sector salud necesita repensar su mirada sobre la medicina indígena, a la que denomina "tradicional" y nos muestra la necesidad de repensar las ideas sobre adecuación de los servicios para la población indígena para colocar en el centro del debate el significado de interculturalidad en salud desde la perspectiva indígena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The understanding that students on varsity baseball teams exhibit lower academic performance amid the growth of baseball in Taiwan is well established. However, some studies have indicated a positive correlation between sports participation and academic achievement. Therefore, this study delved into the causal relationships between baseball-team participation and academic performance among ninth-grade students in Taiwan. It further explored the influence of various background factors based on the three facets of family capital on their academic performance. Data collected from an education longitudinal survey of secondary school students. Through bivariate analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis, the following findings emerged: (a) Baseball-team students exhibited 47.5 points lower academic performance than non-baseball-team ones. (b)The low academic performance was not exclusively a result of the poorer academic performance of indigenous students. (c)The hypothesis that three dimensions of family capital impact on academic performance was supported. (d) Baseball-team participation contributed to the low academic performance, which was not caused by the low eighth-grade results of the students. They exhibited low BCT scores after their 8th-grade results was controlled.

Indigenous people worldwide are at increased risk of mental health problems compared with non-Indigenous people. Longstanding impacts of colonisation, systematic exclusion from rights and subsequent discrimination, and lack of access to quality education and healthcare, including mental healthcare, have been identified as contributory factors to these disproportionate mental health problems. With limited access, Indigenous people are less likely to seek healthcare, owing to the insufficient number of healthcare professionals representing Indigenous communities. In the face of growing numbers of mental health problems in Indigenous people in Bangladesh, this paper sheds light on the inadequate number of mental health professionals, particularly from Indigenous communities, and the potential impacts of this on the well-being of Indigenous people, and considers ways to increase representation of Indigenous mental health professionals. The aim is to ensure that the mental health system in Bangladesh is inclusive and embraces the country's diversity.

New Zealand’s older Indigenous people (Māori) are underserved and underrepresented as consumers of aged residential care services (ARC). This study seeks to ascertain, from the perspectives of older Māori and whānau (family), the influence of structural factors that impact the process of seeking aged residential care. This study used a qualitative Kaupapa Māori research approach. In-depth interviews were undertaken with older Māori (n = 30) and whānau members (n = 18). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed with themes identified using thematic analysis. Structural barriers related to ‘Navigation’ and ‘Service design and locality’ were identified by older Māori and whānau which provide insight into the oppressive nature of structural racism and highlighting various factors that affect older Māori and whānau access to ARC. Equity approaches that focus on optimising Māori access to ARC are needed in order to move ARC services towards equity. ARC services provide an important service for older New Zealanders. Our findings challenge and disrupt the universalistic nature that underpin New Zealand health structures. Health decision-makers should consider these findings to address the powerful and damaging effects structural racism has that compromise older Māori and whānau uptake and access to ARC services.

The Sovereignty Principle in the Plantations Law legalizes dynamics that disproportionately empower plantation companies while disenfranchising indigenous peoples. Under this principle, plantation permits are granted to companies, not indigenous communities, limiting the latter's involvement in mandatory deliberations set by the law. Consequently, indigenous peoples are coerced into relinquishing their lands in exchange for compensation, leading to the erosion of their collective land rights. This practice is at odds with the protections intended under Article 28D Paragraph (1) and Article 28H Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, which safeguard collective rights to property. The lack of political will to recognize and protect these rights suggests a troubling disregard for the existence and sovereignty of indigenous peoples.

Sustainability is the goal of every entity requiring a holistic approach that considers the interconnectedness of environmental, economic, and social factors. It’s a dynamic process that necessitates continuous adaptation and collaboration among individuals, communities, businesses, and governments. Sustainable Development Goals of 2030 were formulated to improve people’s lives regardless of race, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Since time immemorial, the Indigenous people have been among the most vulnerable, marginalized, illiterate, and exploited sectors of society, thus, implementing intervention for their development could be a great contribution to attaining the SDGs. The Mindoro State University in collaboration with Mansalay local government unit planned to conduct a 5-year community development program. To ensure an effective and sustainable program, a SWOT analysis was conducted to determine the internal attributes (strengths and weaknesses), and external factors (opportunities and threats) that could be used in formulating a strategic plan for the development of the indigenous community in Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro in the Philippines. This study was part of the SWOT analysis and was focused on identifying the literacy level of the community. The research design utilized was ethnography through community immersion, survey, interview, and focus group discussions. The findings showed that there are professional teachers in the community, however, some elders are illiterate, and some are working instead of attending schools. The findings recommend conducting a literacy drive, especially for elders. As a way forward, the results of the study were integrated into the extension project for the College of Teacher Education.

This study investigates the culture of Manobo, Bagobo, and Mansaka Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao. It utilizes the qualitative-descriptive method to describe culture based on the practices of folk heroes in the collected oral narratives. Furthermore, the study uses the dramatist pentad theory of Kenneth Burke, including act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose, to produce cultural interpretations. Hence, the study reveals the culture mirrored in the oral narratives such as: (1) Manobo, pangayaw (hunting of enemies) and transcendental belief in Tubaran (magical instrument); (2) Bagobo, hunting of wild chickens and encountering Busaw (evil spirits); and, (3) Mansaka, courtship and marriage to a mythical creature and hunting of birds. This research facilitates critical discourses on culture through oral narratives. It may foster a sense of place and cultural identity among academic scholars to rediscover the epistemological and ontological knowledge of Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao.

The understanding that students on varsity baseball teams exhibit lower academic performance amid the growth of baseball in Taiwan is well established. However, some studies have indicated a positive correlation between sports participation and academic achievement. Therefore, this study delved into the causal relationships between baseball-team participation and academic performance among ninth-grade students in Taiwan. It further explored the influence of various background factors based on the three facets of family capital on their academic performance. Data collected from an education longitudinal survey of secondary school students. Through bivariate analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis, the following findings emerged: (a) Baseball-team students exhibited 47.5 points lower academic performance than non-baseball-team ones. (b)The low academic performance was not exclusively a result of the poorer academic performance of indigenous students. (c)The hypothesis that three dimensions of family capital impact on academic performance was supported. (d) Baseball-team participation contributed to the low academic performance, which was not caused by the low eighth-grade results of the students. They exhibited low BCT scores after their 8th-grade results was controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, many democracies progressed in the political inclusion of Indigenous people and the recognition of their rights. Does this contribute to how satisfied Indigenous people are with how democracy works? Prior empirical evidence suggests it does. As yet, there is, however, little study of the underlying mechanisms and we should not assume a categorically positive correlation between political equality and satisfaction with democracy. Instead, Indigenous affairs need to be sufficiently politicized to matter for Indigenous people's satisfaction with democracy. I test this argument in the case of the Sámi people in Norway and Sweden. While political inequality is comparatively higher in Sweden, Sámi issues are less politicized. Using novel original survey data, I find that here, satisfaction with democracy is not correlated with Sámi ethnicity. Satisfaction levels among Norwegian Sámi, though, are significantly lower than among their non-Indigenous compatriots and strongly shaped by considerations of political inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating deforestation and ecological degradation, linked to political and economic policies and agendas that endanger the health, well-being, and cultural survival of Indigenous people, present dire threats to the Amazonian biome and its inhabitants. Confronting these challenges necessitates a unified response by local and global partners. We argue for a more pluralistic approach that calls for an equitable footing between Indigenous knowledge and sustainability science. We present a case study of the Cofán community of Zábalo in the Ecuadorian Amazon, where collective efforts to tsampima coiraye (care for the forest) have resulted in dynamic institutions adapted to diverse challenges and opportunities. Tsampima coiraye exemplifies a form of caretaking that is distinct from and complementary to Western conservation and that provides important insights into understanding the context and meanings through which community governance fosters stewardship. We draw upon longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork and the emerging Cofán concept of puifama atesuye (Two-World Knowledge) as an epistemic framework for critical reflection and action based on the multiple knowledges available to Cofán people about caring for the rainforest. This approach highlights the Cofán's rejection of scarcity-driven conservation in favor of fostering abundance and conviviality, reshaping interactions with their environment. We argue that Western conservation could benefit from embracing community-based knowledge that reflect deep collective histories, cultural values, and understandings. Recognizing these perspectives challenges assimilationist conservation discourses and underscores the importance of respecting Indigenous ways of interacting with the environment, which remain distinct and politically significant for the Cofán of Zábalo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous people worldwide are at increased risk of mental health problems compared with non-Indigenous people. Longstanding impacts of colonisation, systematic exclusion from rights and subsequent discrimination, and lack of access to quality education and healthcare, including mental healthcare, have been identified as contributory factors to these disproportionate mental health problems. With limited access, Indigenous people are less likely to seek healthcare, owing to the insufficient number of healthcare professionals representing Indigenous communities. In the face of growing numbers of mental health problems in Indigenous people in Bangladesh, this paper sheds light on the inadequate number of mental health professionals, particularly from Indigenous communities, and the potential impacts of this on the well-being of Indigenous people, and considers ways to increase representation of Indigenous mental health professionals. The aim is to ensure that the mental health system in Bangladesh is inclusive and embraces the country's diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orang Asli (OA) Seletar is one of indigenous group categorized under Proto-Malay group alongside with other tribes such as Temuan, Semelai, Jakun, Kanaq and Kuala. OA Seletar also has been recognized as one of sea gypsies group, alongside with OA Kuala because their entire livelihood depends on the sea. Besides that, their understanding of the marine world is different with common people as the sea is not just a source of sustenance but also means to provide to their families. Because of that, most of OA Seletar have taken up fishing as their main occupation to ensure their survival. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic activities carried out by the Seletar indigenous community in Kampung Bakar Batu, Johor Bahru. This study has used a qualitative approach such as in-depth interview methods, participant observation, and library methods. A total of five informants were interviewed to obtain the necessary information. Participatory observation was also done to obtain evidence to support the information obtained during the interview session. The results of the study found that the Seletar community in Kampung Bakar Batu has carried out two main socioeconomic activities, namely traditional fishing and the sale of fishing bait. However, these activities are creasingly challenged by development projects near their settlement areas. This study is indirectly important to document the persistence of the Seletar community in carrying out socioeconomic activities to improve their living standards and economic standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the adoption of the Universal Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by the United Nations in 2007, the implementation of these indigenous rights has presented a persistent challenge for indigenous communities. Throughout the past three decades, Taiwan's indigenous peoples have undertaken diverse endeavors aimed at realizing their self-determination and cultural rights. Through an examination of a Constitutional Court case issued in 2021 (Constitutional Court Interpretation No. 803), this article reveals several factors which contribute to bridging the implementation gap of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need for intervention studies to address mental health issues with Indigenous youth. The purpose of this work is to: 1) consider calming approaches introduced by Native-American adolescents who described in writing how they manage day-to-day stress; and 2) identify culturally relevant constructs (elements and principles) for development of mental health promotion interventions for use with Indigenous youth. Central ideas shared by Native-American adolescents were merged with existing literature to identify essential elements and guiding principles for intervention development. Three essential elements (talking circles; mindfulness practice; tailored educational content) with associated guiding principles are recommended for intervention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study investigates the perspectives of urban Indigenous individuals in Saskatchewan, Canada, regarding their consumption of traditional foods. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 14 participants across Saskatoon, Regina, and Prince Albert, the research aimed to uncover the benefits, risks, and barriers associated with acquiring and consuming traditional foods. Participants emphasized the nutritional advantages of traditional foods, such as higher nutrient density and absence of industrial additives, which they linked to improved health outcomes and alignment with Indigenous biology. The study also highlighted the vital role of traditional foods in maintaining cultural identity and fostering community connections through practices of food sharing and intergenerational knowledge transfer. However, significant challenges were identified, including economic and physical barriers to access, environmental degradation, and regulatory issues that restrict the availability of traditional foods in urban settings. The findings suggest a complex landscape where cultural practices are both preserved and challenged within the urban environment. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how Indigenous populations navigate the preservation of their culinary heritage in the face of modern economic and environmental pressures, providing insights for policy and community-based interventions aimed at supporting Indigenous food sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the genetic diversity of wild edible mushrooms (WEM) in the East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh using simple sequence repeat markers. The study analyzes the polymorphism among the strains of WEM, including polymorphic alleles and polymorphic information content, as well as the genetic variation and similarity among WEN varieties.

The Philippines is a biodiversity hotspot with four endemic wild pig species. The Philippine Warty Pig is a medium to large size mammal that is usually solitary. They commonly exhibit crop raiding behavior, and hunting by farmers and poachers decreases populations of this species, which is listed as 'Vulnerable' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of Philippine Warty Pig conservation practices among locals in sitio Datal Bad, West Lamidan, Don Marcelino Davao Occidental, Philippines. Responses (N = 50) were gathered by a survey questionnaire. Respondents were highly aware of Philippine Warty Pigs and policies toward wildlife conservation. They reported hunting pigs using air guns 'sorit', bow and arrow 'papana', harpoon 'bangkaw', and snare 'lit-ag'. The respondents added that they performed religious rituals and farming that may pose threats to Philippine Warty Pigs. They also manifested a willingness to work with government and academic institutions to enhance knowledge about conservation of pigs and other wildlife in their locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the origin and evolution of the Scholarship for Amazonian Native Communities, Beca 18 (CNA) in Peru from 2014 and 2021, focusing on the perspective of both the national indigenous federation, Aidesep and the National Program of Scholarships and Educational Credit (Pronabec). The research methodology combines the analysis of institutional documents and in-depth interviews with members of both institutions. We highlight Aidesep's initiative to establish a dialogue with Pronabec in 2013, the collaborative efforts between Aidesep and Pronabec during the early years of the scholarship, and the lack of publicly available statistics, particularly regarding the retention and graduation of indigenous university students. Both institutions identify the "loss of the scholarship" as amajor limitation, though each has different views on providing support to students to help them complete their studies. The Amazonian notion of 'getting usedd to' (acostumbrarse) emerges as a key element of the indigenous approach to supporting indigenous students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]