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En Inde, les transitions énergétiques vers le charbon et l’hydroélectricité exercent une pression sur les ressources naturelles qui affecte gravement les communautés marginalisées, en particulier autochtones. Le modèle libéral de la transition « juste », centré sur la consultation et la participation des « parties prenantes », légitime en réalité les processus d’expropriation en ce qu’il ignore les asymétries et les violences d’État.

This article addresses Oliver Cromwell Cox's criticisms of the application of the concept of caste to understand race relations in the southern states of the Unite States. It proposes that there are deep similarities in the experiences of Dalits in India and Blacks in the United States, but argues that these derive from the modern construction of caste and race in the conjunction of colonialism and capitalism. In each case, the problems do not derive from the resilience of 'pre-modern' social structures, but from modern structures of colonialism that continue in the post-civil war United States and post-independence India. They are problems of democracy, not problems to be solved by the application of democratic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging out of religious conflict in early modern Europe, the terms race and caste as we understand them today went on to define hierarchical relations in different parts of the globe. Yet, they have never completely parted ways and Suraj Yengde's essay explores these hidden connections in the use that American sociologists made of both categories. They generally did so by setting one term against the other in the attempt to account for racial discrimination in the United States. Race and caste were mediated by class in these debates, a category seen as being more modern and progressive than either of them. The comments that follow argue that caste and race are not simply the precursors of class and continue to interact with each other without the latter's mediation. Anti-race and anti-caste politics are also more connected to religious forms of universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines datafication of the reproductive body in India through use of femtech mobile phone applications (henceforth, apps). Femtech apps quantify reproductive processes such as periods, conception, pregnancy and hormonal health and promise their users greater 'self-awareness' and 'control' through 'self-management'. Most studies on femtech refer to users in the Global North, while there are few studies on femtech adoption in the developing countries. This article, based on qualitative and quantitative data, and informed by a feminist technoscience framework, illustrates how femtech's promise of empowerment through datafication of reproduction is fraught with contradictions and tensions, and has exclusionary and risky consequences for Indian users. It examines the gendered technological landscape's bearing on concrete practices of design and innovation, and shows how femtech reinforces gendered social hierarchies rather than dismantling them and liberating users. Under datafication, health standards become extremely narrowly defined, marginalising those whose reproductive health trajectories may not conform to normative standards. Femtech's proliferation in India has also failed to recognise the structural inequalities and socio-economic disadvantages that characterise healthcare access. Finally, the legal grey areas and ill-defined data privacy policies in India allow for easy commercialisation of users' bodies and personal data possible. This further undermines the liberational rhetoric of femtech, as data privacy breaches are embodied forms of violence with consequences for users' bodily autonomy and dignity. Femtech's pursuit of maximising commercial gain is thus at odds with the feminist technoscience project of minimising women's exploitation and oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is a gap in the literature that qualitatively explores the effects of psychoeducation on siblings who serve as caregivers for persons with schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the qualitative effects of brief need-based psychoeducation on sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia from southern India. Ten sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia were recruited for the study, with five in each group receiving either brief need-based psychoeducation or standard care. The participants were interviewed and their responses were recorded. Qualitative data analysis was performed using a combination of thematic and summative content analysis. The study found that both the intervention and standard care groups of sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia reported similar themes. However, the frequency and prominence of the themes were greater among those in the intervention group, as shown by the summative content analysis. The thematic analysis revealed four major themes: 1) personal experiences with the treatment process, including reduced stigma, active caregiving involvement, bonding, reduced criticality, and coping; 2) improved understanding and management of illness; 3) service satisfaction, and 4) indirect effects on symptomatic and functional recovery. Brief need-based psychoeducation was found to be more beneficial for sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia, as evidenced by the greater prominence of themes in the intervention group. This study adds to the limited literature on psychoeducation for sibling family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Further studies utilizing rigorous qualitative methods are needed to explore the full scope of the intervention's effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb) is a perennial cucurbitaceous vegetable popular in the eastern and northern parts of India. In July 2018, an occurrence of southern blight disease was observed in a pointed gourd crop grown in Odisha state located in the eastern part of India. The typical symptoms included angular necrotic patches and disintegration of leaf tissues with the vein and veinlet intact, exhibiting a diagnostic netted pattern of veins. Silky white, fan-shaped mycelial growth with sclerotial bodies was observed on the lower surface of infected leaves. Eventually, the infected leaves dried up, leaving several bare patches in the field. Associated fungi were isolated, which resembled the reference strain Athelia rolfsii based on colony characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of rRNA gene region confirmed that the isolates were A. rolfsii. Pathogenicity was successfully proved on detached leaves as well as on potted pointed gourd plants. On the basis of symptoms associated with the disease, fungal morphology, molecular identification, and pathogenicity tests on host plants, the causal fungus was identified as A. rolfsii. This is the first report of southern blight disease caused by A. rolfsii on pointed gourd in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the role of language in shaping work processes in the Indian information technology (IT) industry, which has become synonymous with the country's 'new' middle class. In the South Indian city of Chennai, the industry has attracted a number of migrants from other parts of the country, including from non-metropolitan areas south of Chennai. Frequently referred to (and also self-identifying) as being from 'down South', many of these employees have been provided new opportunities for social mobility through IT work. Using qualitative methods, this article interrogates the discursive registers of 'down South'. It demonstrates how the term is layered over fluency in English, a crucial form of cultural capital in the industry, to mark certain employees as possessing less 'talent' (or 'merit'). Moreover, it moves beyond the emphasis on English in existing literature on the Indian middle class to determine the role of regional languages, particularly Tamil, on the IT office floor. By exploring the intersections of cultural capital with the spatialities of language and linguistic identities, this article reveals the internal diversity of the middle-class IT workforce and contributes to wider discussions on the structures of inequality that shape urban working lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: Les auteurs examinent l'effet des quotas d'emplois sur les performances des entreprises publiques indiennes. Utilisant des données sur les entreprises détenues par l'administration fédérale se rapportant à la période 2014–2017, ils mobilisent des méthodes par variables instrumentales et constatent que les quotas améliorent les performances de l'entreprise lorsqu'ils sont appliqués à tous les niveaux de la hiérarchie. Leurs résultats révèlent aussi que les catégories sociales visées par la discrimination positive sont surreprésentées au bas de la hiérarchie et sous‐représentées au sommet, en raison, principalement, de défaillances au niveau de la publication des vacances de postes et de pratiques discriminatoires au sein des organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Des réactions ambiguës et paradoxales, procycliques mais aussi contracycliques, ont été observées sur le marché du travail dans différents pays après un ralentissement économique. En l'absence de dispositifs de protection sociale adaptés, comme une assurance‐chômage, un taux d'emploi contracyclique pourrait être le signe de difficultés plutôt que de possibilités d'emploi productif. Confrontant les données sur l'emploi et le chômage aux recommandations de la 19e Conférence internationale des statisticiens du travail sur la sous‐utilisation de la main‐d'œuvre, l'autrice critique les statistiques du sous‐emploi en Inde et appelle à actualiser les méthodes de collecte de données pour mieux éclairer l'action publique dans le domaine de l'emploi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 1947, the Jesuit province of Ranchi faced several challenges: the context of a newly independent country, increasing modernization and industrialization, and growing societal diversity resulting from immigration and urbanization. The Jesuits not only needed to upgrade their primary education, but also had to meet a rising demand for more middle and high schools. They had to make choices: Should they keep uplifting marginalized communities? Or should they cater to the middle class and elite? This article, predominantly based on internal documents of the Society of Jesus in Ranchi, demonstrates that the Jesuits did not make clear decisions and invested their energy in various types of schools and students. As a result, problems and internal discussions persisted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The commoditization of nuclear power through the factory production of sealed micro-power units within a digitally enabled holistic assurance framework is described. This would revolutionize nuclear power-plant design, construction, operation and decommissioning through a paradigm shift to manufacture–operate–remove–recycle (MORR). The potential impact of recent research on an integrated nuclear digital environment for large bespoke nuclear power plants and the design, build and operation of fusion power plants using such a digital environment is explored. These strands are interwoven to discuss the technical, economic and socio-political implications of MORR in the context of micro-reactors and to consider the potential evolution of safeguarding issues based on a digital assurance framework that leads to type approvals. Commoditization of nuclear power would lower costs in line with offshore wind and the output from a single production line in a factory could replace a third of current fossil fuel-based electricity generation in the UK over a 15-year period, making a significant contribution to achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions. The challenges associated with the changes in culture, both in the nuclear industry and in society, as well as the technology gaps, that need to be addressed in realizing this paradigm shift are identified and discussed.

This monograph investigates the expression of anti-media populist sentiments by right-wing news media in India and the socio-technological, historical, economic, legal, and political factors that aid right-wing efforts to delegitimize professional journalism. Thematic analysis of 545 articles from Swarajya.com and OpIndia.com, a qualitative content analysis of Republic TV debates, and interviews with 24 Hindu nationalists on Twitter reveal the discursive strategies they use to discredit journalism. Themes in media criticism include claims that the mainstream media are corrupt and partisan, suppress Hindu voices, favor Muslim and Christian minorities, undermine national interests, and spread false narratives. These expressions aim to undermine journalists' credibility and position right-wing actors as challengers to the established media's hegemony. Meanwhile, the Modi government employs coercive measures to co-opt the media into providing favorable coverage to the BJP. These endeavors cause journalists to self-censor to safeguard personal safety and livelihood. Consequently, mainstream news content is increasingly homogeneous, eroding diverse perspectives. This shift weakens the media's watchdog role and shrinks the space for open debate and public deliberation in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartness in smart grids and cities is an assemblage of devices that produce data as truth claims and deploy new modes of governance focused on chal (deception, cunning) and bal (power) with a promise to reduce losses and maximise profits. Building on postcolonial geographies, the paper argues that chal (छल) and bal (बल) are central to understanding the deployment of smart grids in India. Managers use the idea of the practice of chal and bal by political citizen-subjects, and the disorder of governance this causes, to justify the deployment of smart infrastructure. However, the paper shows that smartness can be understood as automation, and deployment from a distance, of chal and bal by a capital-state nexus to counter the chaliya (छलिया) (deceptive/cunning/cheat/trickster) citizen-subjects. Planners and implementers expect data and digitalisation to bring order by (re)training and excluding lower-level workers and consumers. These promise to reduce resource losses, making electricity utilities profitable. Rather than being distinctly corporate or clearly in the domain of the state, smart is situated at the fracture of public and private resources, and political and civil spaces. By developing a postcolonial analysis of smart grids and focusing on the 'inbetweeners', electricity utility staff and middle-class citizen-subjects, the paper furthers the understanding of smartness and subalternity of elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper uses illustrations from rural India and Bangladesh to develop a critical analysis of practices and experiences of poverty often overlooked in development policies. It challenges the principle measurement, calculative rationality and static representation in anti-poverty interventions that present poverty as a 'problem' to be resolved. It draws on poststructuralist ideas to express poverty differently and shift from problem-solving to problematisation. Drawing on the concept of 'rhizome' it highlights the connectivity, heterogeneity and multiplicity of poverty. Examples from interviews and photo diaries illustrate manifold poverty as a combination of heterogeneous activities, objects and affects that complicate development ethics and challenge the logic of reason in existing policies. The paper explores improvisation, experimentation, hope and repetition as mechanisms for critically evaluating aquaculture-led development and attending to overlooked objects, uncertain outcomes and untold stories of disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twelfth/eighteenth and early thirteenth/nineteenth centuries saw the emergence in the Muslim world of great reformers, muǧaddid s and muǧtahid s, perceived as such by their contemporaries. Aware of a general crisis in the Muslim world and eager to maintain the unity of the umma , they wished to remedy it through their reform projects, and participated in the revival of Hadith that characterised the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, echoing the fifteenth. Many also discussed takfīr , practiced by Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. How to study them, how to read them, and with what methods? These are the questions posed by the two books surveyed here, while illuminating historiographical progress in the intellectual and religious history of the eighteenth century. Ahmad Dallal's important book, Islam without Europe: Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought , published in 2018, starts from a close reading of the works of six reformers, embedded in a Yemeni and Indian scholarly tradition: Ibn al-Amīr al-Ṣanʿānī (1099/1688-1182/1769), Šāh Walī Llāh al-Dihlāwī (Shah Waliullah, 1114/1703-1176/1762), Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (1115/1703-1206/1792), ʿUṯmān b. Fūdī (Usman Dan Fodio, 1168/1754-1232/1817), Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Šawkānī (1173/1759-1250/1834) and Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Sanūsī (1202/1787-1276/1859). Strongly scholarly, militant, but unfortunately representative of a poorly contextualised textual history, Islam without Europe is a very useful book, which encourages comparative reading of the main authors discussed, al-Šawkānī in particular. It is possible, however, to read the primary sources in a true historian's way of thinking. This is the point made by Stefan Reichmuth in The World of Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī , published in 2009, about Murtaḍā l-Zabīdī (d. 1205/1791), an Indian scholar trained in Yemen and settled in Egypt. Mixing biography, network studies, and general history of Islamic thought in the twelfth/eighteenth century in its social, political, and economic anchorage, the book concludes with the humanism of this Muslim scholar and Sufi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One of the most significant environmental issues on a worldwide scale is the invasion of natural ecosystems by non-native species (exotics), which poses a threat to native biodiversity. The activity of invasive earthworms may have a very harmful effect. Although geographically widespread, the spread of alien earthworms like Amynthas alexandri in India has remained patchy at the regional and field levels. An exotic and highly invasive A. alexandri was collected and reported for the first time from the Thrissur District representing Central Kerala. The identification of specimens at any life-stage, including the identification of non-native species, has made DNA barcoding a promising technique for earthworm study. This method also allows for the quick determination of the degree of invasiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’Union européenne et l’Union indienne ont industrialisé leur agriculture et leur alimentation depuis les années 1960. Elles mesurent aujourd’hui l’insoutenabilité d’un tel régime sociotechnique pour la santé des hommes et des écosystèmes. Elles formulent des vœux de « transition agroécologique » qui, en Europe, passent d’abord par l’Agriculture biologique (AB). Mais force est de constater que celle-ci est à la peine du fait de moindres rendements et de prix plus élevés. En Inde, ce modèle et d’autres sont aussi expérimentés. Celui de l’Agriculture naturelle (NF, Natural Farming) en Andhra Pradesh s’avère particulièrement prometteur. Notre regard comparatif permet, entre autres, de présenter les conditions d’émergence des deux formes alternatives d’agriculture (AB et NF), puis de montrer pourquoi le caractère véritablement agroécologique de l’Agriculture naturelle la rend plus performante en Inde car complètement émancipée du régime industriel énergivore de spécialisation-standardisation fondé sur quelques productions à grande échelle.

Drawing on GenUrb's comparative research undertaken in mid-2020 with communities in five cities—Cochabamba, Bolivia, Delhi, India, Georgetown, Guyana, Ibadan, Nigeria, and Shanghai, China—we engage in an intersectional analysis of the gendered impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in women's everyday lives. Our research employs a variety of context-specific methods, including virtual methods, phone interviews, and socially-distanced interviews to engage women living in neighbourhoods characterized by underdevelopment and economic insecurity. While existing conditions of precarity trouble the before-and-after terminology of Covid-19, across the five cities the narratives of women's everyday lives reveal shifts in spatial-temporal orders that have deepened gendered and racial exclusions. We find that limited mobilities and the different and changing dimensions of production and social reproduction have led to increased care work, violence, and strained mental health. Finally, we also find that social reproduction solidarities, constituting old and new circuits of care, have been reinforced during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Judith Gautier and Florence Ayscough respectively offered French and American audiences a zoo-centric narrative in which Asia is described through the eyes of an animal. This article compares the issues at stake in these two zoo-centric narratives, which renew representations of the Asian continent while exploiting very different writing strategies. In Judith Gautier's Mémoires d'un éléphant blanc, published in France in 1894, the eponymous white elephant travels from his native Laos to India, taking a critical look at the Western presence in Asia through a peaceful, animalistic plea. Judith Gautier's elephant can thus be likened to the narrator of Florence Ayscough's The Autobiography of a Chinese Dog, published in the USA in 1926. Yo Fei, the writer's dog, follows his mistress on her journeys between the Far East and the West and, as a true ethnographer, instinctively compares the two cultural worlds he explores. The aim of this article is to compare these two representations of Asia through the prism of the non-human, inviting Western public not only to move beyond ethnocentrism but also to question his place in the natural harmony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reflexive approach to explaining the process of data collection entails recognizing the delicate balance between being ethical and having empathy for participants, particularly vulnerable populations, whose life experiences may differ from those of the researcher. Conveying and displaying empathy is emotion work that can be a strain on the researcher because of the tenuous connection between relating to the narrative of the participant and maintaining confidentiality and remaining ethical. Drawing from research on women sex workers in India, I examine the research process, particularly empathy as emotion work that is involved in the interview conversations. Contributing to the area of qualitative research methods, I discuss the implications of the researcher's emotion work noting that it may ease and diminish the differential power between the researcher and the researched, but it is not eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the spread of Buddhism and the transmission of dhamma beyond its place of origins have been taking place for many centuries, these instantiations abroad are once again taking root in the homeland through a form of return globalization. Focusing on the Youth Buddhist Society of India, we examine the creative and pragmatic ways in which Indian youth are reclaiming the Shakya identity and ancestry associated with the historical Buddha for their low caste-community at the Buddhist sacred site of Sankissa. Central to these emergent forms of social and ethical self-engagement is the importance of Buddhist education and access to global and transnational religious networks as a source of cultural empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to initiate a discussion based on a new reading of field data I collected in Nepal and South India that was triggered by the notion of irrigated land tenure. The first part deals with the way of applying this notion to rice fields. In South Asia, rice fields occupy a discriminating position in administrative and vernacular classifications, which has been turned upside-down by the surge in groundwater irrigation. Moreover, some rice fields may be cultivated without irrigation thanks to monsoon rains. However, this is not reflected in the traditionally used visual representations of irrigation systems (aerial photos, satellite images, maps of irrigation networks) that overlook farmers' difficulties to access to water. The notion of irrigated land tenure, hence, has some limitation in the case of rice cultivation, if non-irrigated rice fields are not clearly identified. However, this notion has the advantage of making explicit the interest to analyse the links between water rights and land rights, which is the purpose of the second part of this paper. In a context of legal pluralism, the examples discussed show the diversity of these interactions: in some cases water rights are modified so as to increase the size of the irrigated land; in others the use of water is instrumental in obtaining a legitimate land right. In contrast, in the case of tenancy situations, the status of land tenure continues to jeopardize access to water. The tenure status of an irrigated or potentially irrigable land is important to consider in order to understand the dynamics of water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article, I present the potential of using a radical feminist approach to empowerment as an analytical framework in federal studies. To do so, I develop an analytical framework that is part of the fourth wave of gender and federalism studies that focuses on the interactions between embedded oppressions and federal arrangements (institutions, practices, discourses). I study the empowerment processes of farmers who protested against the implementation of new agricultural laws in India in late 2020. Through this case, I first illustrate how federalism contributes to the fragmentation of marginalized groups, while raising the need to build federal arrangements from local realities, ecosystems and environments. I then show how a radical feminist conception of empowerment can change analytical perspectives in federal studies and make visible structures that perpetuate interlocking oppressions within a federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnographic analysis of the two main exorcistic practices in which married women are involved in Garhwal (India) shows that the theme of domestic conflict is central to both rituals. Addressing classical debates in anthropology about possession, this text raises two main questions: are these practices forms of feminine resistance to patriarchal social rules? And what is the notion of the person and her or his action in the world underlying these practices? Although these rituals may sometimes bring benefits to the women participating in them, women do not seem to perceive themselves nor to act as individuals who are resisting social structures, but more as part of collective networks of human and spiritual persons. As for the effects of these rituals, they are geared towards the preservation of family unity. This is achieved by the fact that, while evoking human conflict, these ritual devices subordinate it to the problem of divine conflict. Yet these practices do not only have an integrative function vis-à-vis conflicts that potentially endanger the family unit, but they also firmly establish the position of married women and their irreplaceability in the fabric of social life. Being close to the deities of their natal villages and easily affected by spirits of the dead, married women have an essential role in mediating with them and therefore in building and preserving the network of human and non-human beings on which the well-being of the family depends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé: L'auteur analyse les phénomènes d'exclusion et de hiérarchisation en matière de protection des travailleurs dans quatre pays d'Asie (Chine, Inde, Malaisie et Viet Nam), en reprenant l'approche de la segmentation juridique de Dingeldey et al. (2021), mais dans une perspective qualitative. Plusieurs facteurs distinguent ces pays de ceux du monde du Nord et expliquent les spécificités de leurs marchés du travail: le nombre relativement important des travailleurs exclus du champ d'application de la législation du travail; la terminologie juridique, difficilement transposable, et le contexte historique (le passé colonial contribuant à expliquer l'écart entre le cadre légal et la réalité du travail). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earthworm fauna of Uttarakhand, a constituent of the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, has been revised citing the available literature to date. A total of 52 species belong to 20 genera and eight families viz. Almidae, Acanthodrilidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Lumbricidae, Octochaetidae, Ocnerodrilidae and Benhamiidae have been listed. The family Megascolecidae is the most diverse with 21 species followed by Octochaetidae with 13 species, Lumbricidae with nine species, Moniligastridae and Ocnerodrilidae three species each, remaining families are represented with one species in each. The present communication also included various aspects like colour, ecological categories, distribution and habitat to generate the definitive list of known earthworms from different districts of Uttarakhand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates how return migrant parents navigate primary and secondary education options in Bangalore, a city in southwest India, by addressing the following question: What factors do return migrant parents consider when making schooling decisions? Through analyzing interviews with return migrant parents from 37 different families, the author argues that parents ultimately want to give their children the skills necessary to pursue their educational and professional interests anywhere in the world. To do so, parents select the 'best' school for their child, taking into consideration its demographics, curriculum, and reputation. However, in the process of crafting their children's transnational futures, parents encounter stumbling blocks as they prepare for the transition from high school to college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Earthworm survey was conducted in the selected habitats of selected districts in Uttarakhand, India. Earthworms were collected from Ramnagar, Kilburry, Nanadhaur (Nainital), Champawat, Tehri, Pauri, Chakrata. Nine genera and 18 species of earthworms were identified, belonging to the families: LUMBRICIDAE: Aporrectodea caliginosa, Ap. rosea, Ap. trapezoides, Eiseniafetida, Octolasion tyrtaeum; MEGASCOLICIDAE: Amynthas alexandri, Am. corticis, Am. gracilis, Am. morrisi, Am. robustus, Metaphire anomala, M. birmanica, M. houlleti, M. posthuma; MONILIGASTRIDAE: Drawida nepalensis; OCTOCHAETIDAE: Eutyphoeus waltoni, Octochaetona sp.; EUDRILIDAE: Eudrilus eugeniae. This is the first record of Amynthas robustus in the state of Uttarakhand, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fascinating world has more than 700 species of leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea). On the other hand India possesses 83 species. There are two records terrestrial leech species from Nagaland: Haemadipsa satyanarayanai Mandal et al., 2020 and H. zeylanica dhritii Mandal et al., 2022. The authors had the opportunity to establish a new leech for science Haemadipsa zeylanica dimapurensis from Nagaland, India due to Somite VII 3 annulate and VIII 4 annulate; Eyes 3 and 4 are on contiguous annuli so it is under the subgenus Haemadadipsa zeylanica and due to presence of 3 breaking brown stripes, middle one not clearly visible. Ventral area is devoid of any stripe. Dorsal region bearings 3 pairs tubercular lines, lateral one is consisting 16 large tubercles, 2 nd dorsal line bears 12 and 3 rd dorsal line bears 18 large tubercles. Two tubercles before the1st pair of eyes. Sucker rays 96. Total body segments 105 (including 6 segments of anterior and 7 posterior sucker) which are not similar with rest of the subspecies Haemadipsa zeylanica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fascinating world of leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) has more than 700 species. On the other hand, India possesses 82 species. There is a record of only one terrestrial leech species Haemadipsa satyanarayanai Mandal et al., 2020. The authors had the opportunity to establish a new leech for science Haemadipsa zeylanica dhritii n. ssp. from Nagaland, India due to somite VII 3 annulate and VIII 4 annulate; eyes 3 and 4 are on contiguous annuli so it is a subspecies of Haemadadipsa zeylanica due to presence of single pair of chain stripes on the mid-dorsal region; two-thirds of the posterior dorsal part of the body bears 4 large black spots; male pore between segments 32-33; female pore between segments 37-38 and annuli 102 which are not similar with rest of the subspecies of Haemadipsa zeylanica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As India, a country with a complex relationship with cleanliness, modernizes rapidly, urban infrastructures are increasing even faster than the growing population. This paper explores the relationships between access to infrastructures, social mobility and resource consumption in everyday lives through the case of cleanliness in Mysore, Southern India. We draw on interviews with 28 Mysoreans about cleanliness perceptions and practices. Analysing cleanliness across class, caste and gender reveals that in the globalizing cleanliness cultures of Mysore those who are precarious and have less access to hygiene infrastructures, tend to have to clean more but don't resist expectations. We argue that, as cleanliness contours citizenship claims, the 'great unwashed' are excluded from participating in society. We question whether infrastructures and policies purported to increase the quality of life and provide basic human rights through increasing cleanliness, actually inadvertently contribute to deepening social stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The family is the dominant player in India's current long‐term care (LTC) system. Yet informal family‐based arrangements will be insufficient to accommodate India's growing need for LTC due to increasing longevity and geographic mobility, the prevalence of chronic disease and disability among the elderly, and the decline of extended family living arrangements. Addressing the growing need for LTC will require a robust expansion of the current LTC system, especially its non‐familial components. This overhaul will require investments in infrastructure, human resources and legal and regulatory environments. The objectives of this study are to i) provide a descriptive summary and analysis of the LTC system in India, with attention to cross‐state heterogeneity and to the financial, social and cultural factors that impede the operation of India's LTC system; ii) estimate and assess the current and future need for LTC and its critical financial and human inputs; and iii) critically analyse and discuss the institutions and policies, technologies and behaviours needed to bring capacity comfortably into conformance with the need for LTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura States comprise North-East India. More than 700 species of leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) are known in the world. In India, 82 leech species are recorded currently. Of the total number of leeches in all of India, 67 species, 24 genera and 5 families, are fresh water and 15 species, 1 genus, 1 family, are terrestrial. In North-East India there are 15 species, 9 species are freshwater and 6 species are terrestrial. Freshwater leeches are reported mostly from South India, West India, West Bengal, but unexplored in the north eastern regions of Sikkim and Gujarat. Freshwater leech species are well recorded: Jammu and Kashmir (27), Rajasthan (24), West Bengal (23), Andhra Pradesh (21), Himachal Pradesh (17), Tamil Nadu (15), Maharashtra (14), Karnataka (10), Meghalaya (9), Uttarakhand (8), Assam (6), Tripura (5) and Manipur (2). Terrestrial leeches are well documented from Arunachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]