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In this study, we present the bubble breaking mechanism of the rotating flow in the swirl type microbubble generator (MBG) on the resulting performance in this case the oxygen dissolution rate. This type of MBG is an aeration technology and has been developed in recent years by utilizing the turbulence of liquid fluid flow to produce micron-sized bubbles. The pressure difference created by changing the cross-sectional diameter causes air to be sucked in automatically in the mixing channel and forms a bubble channel before finally bursting to form micron-sized bubbles at the MBG outlet. The experiment was carried out in a transparent container measuring 2.8 m x 0.6 m x 0.6 m which was filled with water as high as 0.4 m. This study is focused on studying the mechanism of bubble breakdown at the MBG outlet on the dissolution rate of oxygen (dissolved oxygen/DO) which is influenced by the volumetric flow rate of liquid (Q_L) and volumetric flow rate of air (Q_G). Various combinations of Q_L and Q_G values were systematically compared with the resulting oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KLa) values. Dissolved oxygen (DO) values were measured at a distance of 60 cm from the MBG outlet. The final results of the study revealed that the higher the Q_Lvalue, the more frequent the intensity of bubble bursting, the greater the number of bubbles produced with the smaller diameter and the higher the DO value, and vice versa. Whereas the higher the Q_Gvalue, the intensity of the bubble breakdown that occurs is relatively the same, the number of bubbles produced is less and the diameter is larger and the DO value is lower, and vice versa.

This research is aimed to investigate the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of numerical simulation method for the study of flow in a waterwheel system by comparing the results to the results of experiment, as well as by comparing the computational load of various solution schemes. The simulation is performed using Ansys Fluent with sliding mesh interface (SMI) method to treat the interface between rotating waterwheel region and static channel region. The governing equations are solved using the SIMPLE and Coupled schemes, and the effects of spatial and temporal resolutions are investigated. In general, the values of torque and power and the flow patterns obtained using numerical simulation are in a good agreement with those obtained using the experiment, which confirms the reliability of the simulation method. Considering the accuracy and computational load, it is recommended to use the Coupled scheme instead of the SIMPLE scheme for numerical simulation using SMI method.

Penelitian mempunyai tujuan merancang dan menilai kemampuan aliran panas pada pengeringan tray dryer untuk menunjang proses pemasokan benih semangka non-biji. Peneliti bekerja sama dengan petani Desa Seputih Mayang Jember yang bermitra dengan perushaan produsen benih PT East West Seed Indonesia. Pengeringan tray dryer yang tersusun atas rangka, dinding triplek, sumber pemanas, rongga pembuangan udara, rak, thermostat, blower, serta alat pengukur temperatur digital; sirkulasi panas bergerak dengan zig-zag. Penentuan panas pada pengeringan dengan mengukur pergantian temperatur pada setiap rak. Rak 1 (bawah) mendapatkan panas paling signifikan daripada rak lebih atas. Untuk menurunkan kadar air sebesar 12%, mesin pengering mengonsumsi energi sebesar 2,272 kWh atau setara dengan 8179,5 kJ, sementara kalor yang dilepas selama pengeringan adalah sebesar 1603,800 kJ. Sehingga, didapat efisiensi mesin pengering sebesar 19,59%.

This study analysed the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in East Java Province by comparing two LULC maps interpreted from optical imagery. The images captured from 2015 to 2017 were selected to represent the initial LULC maps. Then, the images collected from 2020 to 2021 were considered the recent LULC maps. The input imagery was prepared using the Google Earth engine (GEE). The Random Forest algorithm was used for classification. In this study, eight significant LULC classes were categorised, i.e., built-up area (BU), heterogeneous-agricultural land (HAL), bare soil (BS), paddy field (PF), open water (OW), vegetation (VG), shrubland (SH), and wetland (WL). Next, the training samples were interpreted from Google Earth Pro. Then, the GEE satellite base map and the ground control points (GCPs) were collected. The collected GCPs were split into 70% training and 30% validation data. The results showed that significant LULC Change was more marked in the most urbanised areas (in and around the big cities), followed by LULC change in and around medium towns and rural areas. Four classes experienced an area increase, i.e., BU (+30.23%), HAL (+30.77%), BS (+24.52%), and PF (+14.36%). As a consequence, the other four classes compensated for the increase, i.e., OW (−32.79%), VG (−25.72%), SH (−6.59%), and WL (−25.53%). Regional development from 2015 to 2021 has increased built-up areas. Conversely, the development has reduced OW, VG, SH, and WL. The LULC changes have significantly changed the natural landscape to a human-dominated one.

Urban development, population growth, high traffic jams, and intensive disaster events are indicators of changing the landscape of the eastern area of East Java. Investigating these changes is vital for planning and environmental protection in the future. This study examines changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the past 50 years in the eastern part of East Java from 1972 to 2021. The changes are examined by contrasting four maps derived from Landsat images (1972, 1997, 2013, and 2021). The following are the main study procedures: (1) data inventory, (2) field survey, (3) image processing and classification, and (4) interpretation of LULC changes. With Google Earth Engine, all photos are downloaded (GEE). Landsat image classification was completed using the maximum likelihood algorithm with an overall Kappa accuracy of>85%. Eight (8) major classifications are therefore produced by the classification: (1) the pavement or urban area (PUA); (2) heterogeneous agricultural land (HAL); (3) bare soil (BS); (4) paddy field (PF); (5) open water body (OWB); (6) vegetation/plantation (VG); (7) shrubland (SL); and (8) wetlands (WL). In the areas with rapid development, the LULC change is more pronounced, i.e., Pasuruan, Jember, and Banyuwangi Regencies. LULC change in and near mid-regency and the rural regions comes next. Over the past fifty years, regional growth has resulted in increases in PUA (+4.4 percent), PF (+12.2 percent), and VG (+17.9 percent). On the other hand, the development has decreased SL, BS, and HAL by 5.8 and 15.9 percent, respectively (-13.1 percent ). LULC alterations for human activities have profoundly altered the natural landscape.

Citra penginderaan jauh dapat digunakan untuk pemetaan jenis tanaman atau Crop Type Mapping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan jenis tanaman pada musim kemarau I dan musim kemarau II. Dua citra pada waktu yang berbeda digunakan untuk memetakan jenis tanaman pada musim kemarau I dan II. Metode klasifikasi terbimbing (supervised) dan training area yang memadai digunakan untuk memetakan jenis tanaman yang ada pada wilayah tersebut. Prosedur penelitian mencakup: (1) pengambilan data lapang; pengambilan 43 titik GCP; (2) inventarisasi data citra sentinel-2; (3) pra pengolahan (mencakup komposit dan clipping); (4) pengolahan citra (mencakup penentuan kelas, pembuatan training area, dan klasifikasi citra); (5) uji akurasi; dan (6) pembuatan peta tematik. Uji akurasi menghasilkan nilai overall dan kappa akurasi sebesar 67.85% dan 59.93% (untuk MK I) serta sebesar 71.39% dan 64.58% (untuk MK II). Secara umum, citra sentinel dapat digunakan untuk memetakan jenis tanaman pada musim kemarau I dan II.

Abstrak. Wilayah Malang Raya merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang cepat di Jawa Timur. Selain jumlah pertumbuhan penduduk yang besar, wilayah Malang juga memiliki potensi wisata dan termasuk daerah dengan pusat pendidikan di Jawa Timur. Hal tersebut berpengaruh besar terhadap pertumbuhan pembangunan yang terjadi di wilayah Malang Raya. Saat ini informasi mengenai tutupan lahan mulai banyak dibutuhkan, salah satunya adalah untuk mengetahui ketersediaan lahan terbuka yang dapat digunakan dalam sektor pertanian. Informasi mengenai tutupan lahan dapat memanfaatkan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan tutupan lahan di Wilayah Malang Raya selama periode 2015 dan 2020 menggunakan Citra Satelit Sentinel dan metode Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC). Analisis yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan peta tematik tutupan lahan Wilayah Malang Raya tahun 2015 dan 2020. Peta tematik yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2015 memiliki kualitas citra yang kurang baik karena terdapat tutupan awan dan kabut. Pada tahun 2020 menghasilkan kualitas citra yang lebih baik. Hasil klasifikasi yang dilakukan menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2015 nilai Overall sebesar 87.81% dan Kappa 85.79%. Pada tahun 2020 menghasilkan nilai Overall sebesar 91.88% dan Kappa sebesar 90.56%. Perbandingan tutupan lahan periode tahun 2015 dan 2020 menunjukkan hasil peningkatan terbesar terjadi pada kelas tutupan tegalan/ladang. Sedangkan penurunan terbesar terjadi pada kelas tutupan kebun. Comparative Analysis of Land Cover in the Malang Regional Area Using Sentinel Imagery Abstract. The Greater Malang region is experiencing the swiftest population growth in East Java. In addition to substantial population expansion, the Malang area possesses tourism potential and serves as an educational hub in East Java. This growth significantly influeces the region's development. Comprehensive information about land coverage is essential, including determining the availability of open land for agricultural use. Remote sensing technology facilitates obtaining land coverage data. This study compares land coverage in the Malang region during 2015 and 2020, utilizing Sentinel Satellite Imagery and the Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method. The analysis produced thematic maps of land coverage for the Greater Malang Region in 2015 and 2020. The 2015 thematic maps suffered from poor image quality due to cloud cover and fog, which improved in 2020. The Maximum Likelihood classification results indicated an overall accuracy of 87.81% and a Kappa value of 85.79% for 2015, improving to 91.88% and 90.56% in 2020, respectively. A comparison of land cover for the 2015 and 2020 periods shows that the most significant increase occurred in wasteland/heterogeneous agricultural field areas, while the most significant decrease ensued in plantation areas.

The present work briefly investigates liquid/gas countercurrent two-phase flow phenomena which can be specifically found in a mitigation during an accidental scenario in the operation of a nuclear reactor. A comprehensive knowledge on the corresponding phenomena is obviously important to avoid the failure on the cooling mechanism. Here, a pair of fluid containing high viscous liquid/gas flows through a complex conduit representing 1/30 scaled-down of PWR hot leg’s typical geometry. Furthermore, the flow structures were visually observed, while the film thicknesses are extracted by an image processing algorithm through the corresponding optical-tabulated data. The obtained results reveal that a rather sharp decrease in liquid film corresponds to the flow regime transition. Keywords: Countercurrent two-phase flow, liquid film thickness, high viscous liquid, complex conduit

Lumajang Regency, especially Bades Village, is one of the central managements of coastal and marine areas in East Java Province. One of the fishermen groups in Bades Village is the Mina Dampar Fishermen Group. Until now, these fishermen groups have not been able to utilize coastal areas for small-scale people's ponds due to limited knowledge of intensive shrimp farming technology, limited access to capital, and limited market information. This Technical Guidance aims to broaden horizons and introduce vannamei shrimp farming technology to fishermen who are members of the Mina Dampar group. This technical guidance activity was carried out at the Fish Landing Base in Bades Village and was targeted at the Mina Dampar Fishermen Group. The mentoring method used is the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. This Technical Guidance aims to broaden horizons and introduce vannamei shrimp farming technology to 10 fishermen who are members of the Mina Dampar group. This technical guidance consists of outreach activities and field orientation. This activity shows that fishermen are interested in cultivating vannamei shrimp in Bades Village, especially freshwater vannamei shrimp cultivation. Cultivating freshwater vannamei shrimp can be a source of income for fishermen while doing housework.

AbstractSocial Entrepreneurship (SE) practice has become one of the solutions to the economic and social problems of the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Best Practice, which acts as a mediator in the influence of SE toward Sustainable Business Development (SBD). This study applied a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey. The samples are actors in Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) applying SE principles in Semarang, Central Java province, Indonesia, with 142 people obtained by purposive sampling. The structural equation model was used to test the relationship between variables. The results of the analysis prove that SE has a significant effect on the implementation of CSR Best Practice and SBD. The application of CSR Best Practice for employees and consumers can mediate the influence of SE toward SBD. In contrast, CSR Best Practice for Society and the Environment cannot act as mediators. Implementing the CSR Best Practice and SE strategies can encourage and develop added value and strengthen MSEs to achieve a sustainable business. The study results recommend that SE through CSR Best Practices is urgently necessary to solve economic and social problems in the community after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja panas pada pengering rak untuk mendukung proses penyediaan benih jagung. Penelitian bekerja sama dengan petani Kecamatan Wuluhan yang bermitra dengan perusahaan penyedia benih PT. East West Seed Indonesia. Pengering rak yang sudah dibuat terdiri atas sumber pemanas, blower, rak, dinding dalam dan luar, rangka, lubang pengeluaran udara, thermostat dan alat ukur temperatur secara digital; panas tersirkulasi dalam rak secara zig-zag. Panas dalam ruang pengering diukur

This paper presents the use of satellite data (i.e., Landsat-5 & Landsat-8) to interpret the change of land cover from 1997 to 2020. The study area covers the administrative boundary of Lumajang Regency. The land-cover map of the year 1997 derived from Landsat-5. The Land-cover map of the year 2020 interpreted from Landsat-8. This study uses two methods of image classifications (i.e., unsupervised and supervised). The procedure includes image enhancement, registration, and classification. Then, classification results evaluated by confusion-matrix (overall and kappa accuracy). The supervised classification produces 7 classes of Land cover (i.e., forest, pavement/urban area), paddy field, plantation, rural area, water body and sand mining area. Unsupervised classification produced four 5 class i.e., forest, built-area, paddy field, rural area, and plantation. Supervised classification done the overall and kappa accuracy = 86% and 82%, while unsupervised classification = 73% and 64% for 1997 imagery. Furthermore, for 2020 image, the Supervised classification reaches the overall and kappa accuracy = 93% and 90%, while unsupervised classification done 81% and 72%. The supervised classification method gives a better result than un-supervised. Comparison of 1997 to 2020, it also shows the increase in pavement or build-area, followed by paddy field, rural area, and sand-mining. The change also appears as the decrease in forest and plantation areas.

Uneven distribution of the phases between in the main channel when two-phase flow passes through the T-junction it can cause the formation of slug flow which affects performance in the downstream area. The slug is formed due to the acceleration of the gas phase moving towards an average or stable velocity. The bend radius of the T-junction affects the formation of slug because the radius can increase the velocity of the gas phase. Research on the slug velocity was carried out in the downstream region of the horizontal mini channel T-junction. The working fluid used is air as the gas phase and water. The flow pattern and velocity slug analysis were carried out by visualizing the flow at a distance of ±30 mm from the T-junction, that works as a mixer of the working fluid. High-speed camera is used to record video and processed in the form of image processing with the MATLAB program. Two-phase flow slug velocity analysis conducted in the downstream area of ​​the horizontal minichannel T-junction, it can be concluded that the slug velocity tends to increase linearly with increasing superficial velocity of air and water. Comparison of slug velocity experimentally with the results of calculations using the equations of Fukano and Kariyasaki (1993) and Sudarja et al (2018) shows conformity with less than 10% of error margin, while Nicklin et al (1962) is ±30%.

Termites in nature operate as cellulose decomposers, giving vital ecosystem services to nature, but they may also inflict significant damage to building structures. The durability of the wood construction of the building decreases with age, and the possibility of termite infestation increases. This study is a descriptive-analytic study that uses quantitative research methodologies and a cross-sectional research design. The study was carried out between May and July 2022 in Balik Bukit District, West Lampung Regency - Lampung. Building data gathering techniques were used by delivering questionnaires to 100 building owners utilizing accidental sampling techniques. Termites were discovered at the age of the building of more than 26 years, with the finding of four types of termites, namely Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), Bulbittermes constrictiformis (Holmgren), Schedorhinortermes mediobcorus (Holmgren), and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann). ABSTRAK: . Rayap di alam bertugas sebagai pengurai bahan selulosa, menyediakan jasa ekosistem yang berharga bagi alam, namun mereka juga dapat menyebabkan sejumlah besar kerusakan pada struktur bangunan. Semakin tua umur bangunan maka keawetan konstruksi kayu yang ada di dalamnya cenderung menurun dan potensi serangan rayap akan semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis deskriptif menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Juli 2022 di Kecamatan Balik Bukit, Kabupaten Lampung Barat – Lampung. Teknik pengumpulan data bangunan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling dengan menyebarkan kuesioner pada 100 bangunan. Titik ditemukan rayap adalah pada umur bangunan >26 tahun dengan ditemukannya empat jenis rayap yaitu Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), Bulbitermes constrictiformis (Holmgren), Schedorhinortermes mediobcorus (Holmgren), Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann)

This experimental study aims to examine the effect of the surface tension on the characteristics of unidirectional air-liquid interface waves on a horizontal pipe. The pipe used is an acrylic pipe with a diameter of 26 mm. To vary the surface tension, the working fluid consisted of 100% water and water mixed with 2% and 5% butanol. with surface tension (σ) values ​​of 72, 58, and 42.5 mN/m, respectively. The wave characteristics studied in this research include the interface wave structure which is analyzed from visual observations and parameters by image processing. The superficial velocities of gas and liquid were varied in the range of 4-16 m/s and 0.02-0.1 m/s, respectively. Wave velocity and frequency were determined by using cross-correlation and power spectra density (PSD) from time-series data of liquid film thickness. Generally, velocity increases as the gas superficial velocity and surface tension decrease, the high gas superficial velocity the dominant frequency is high.

Soil is a solid mineral and organic matter from weathering rocks over the years. The current condition shows many productive lands that are of low quality. Soil quality must be a top priority in land management efforts to support the sustainability of ecology. This study proposes to soil quality index (SQI) assessment of paddy fields in Jember Regency, Indonesia, using the principal component analysis (PCA) method based on spatial data. The research procedure consists of (1) making land units, (2) soil sampling, (3) laboratory analysis, (4) principal component analysis (PCA), (5) assessment of soil quality index (SQI), and (6) Thiessen polygon analysis. The correlation results show the average correlation value < 0.5 (not significant). The soil quality is determined by three main components: total P, silt fraction, and clay fraction. The results of the soil quality analysis showed that 68,888 Ha was in the very low-quality category, and 39,948 Ha was in the low-quality category. Meanwhile, paddy fields included in the medium category are only 3,513 Ha. The addition of organic matter can improve the quality of paddy fields.

Brantas Watershed and its tributaries (approximately 14,103 km2) are essential in supplying water for About 30% of the East Java province population. Management of water resources in this watershed has become a challenging issue. The modelling processes' conformity and results to mimic the existing hydrological processes are still in question. This study aims to analyze sensitive parameters of the SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) model on the significant watershed. The input model is climate and spatial (DEM, soil layer, LULC) data. The observes the hydrological processes monthly and annually from the model result. Next, Sensitivity analysis using the SWAT-CUP tool and SUFI algorithm shows 18 sensitive parameters. The nine (9) parameters have a more than 50% sensitivity level. The four (4) correlated to the soil layer's runoff generation and water movement. Then, eight (8) parameters are related to baseflow calculation. Simulation results illustrate the strong effect of climate change (especially rainfall) on water yield and sedimentation.

This research uses a swirl type MBG (MBG) with the gap variation between the air nozzle and the outlet of 1, 5 and10 mm. In this experiment, we used a tangential inlet of 25 mm and an outlet of 20 mm with a water flow rate of 20 – 70 l/min and an air flow rate range of 0.1 – 0.8 l/min, to determine the characteristics of MBG which include bubble distribution, pressure drop, hydraulic power, and efficiency. The probability of the diameter of the microbubble formed was in the range of 90 – 150 µm for all variations of the air nozzle gap. The larger the incoming water flow rate, the smaller the diameter of the bubbles formed, whereas if the water flow rate decreases, the diameter of the bubbles formed will increase. In contrast to the water flow rate, if the air flow rate increases, the diameter of the bubbles formed will increase, whereas if it decreases, the diameter of the bubbles will decrease. From the signal processing data, information was obtained about the comparison of the pressure drop of the three variations of the air nozzle gap, as follows: The higher the water flow rate, the pressure drop and hydraulic values increase significantly, while for air flow rate, the higher the air flow rate, the pressure drop and hydraulic power values will increase albeit not significantly. As for MBG efficiency, it will decrease significantly with increasing water flow rate and will increase insignificantly with decreasing water flow rate.

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of gas-non-Newtonian liquids flow patterns in square microchannels. The microchannels that used in this study was made by acrylic material with horizontal orientation and the side length of 8x10-4 m. Water, Air, Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0.2%wt (CMC 0.2%wt) aquoeus solution, and Xanthan Gum 0.2%wt (XG 0.2%wt) aquoeus solution were used in this study as the liquid test. Moreover, nitrogen gas was used as gas test. The liquid superficial velocity was varied of 0.1-1 m/s. Then, the gas superficial velocity variation of 0.26-7.8 m/s. The differential pressure transducer was used in this study to measure the pressure drop, which is occurs in square microchannels. Whereas, The flow patterns were recorded by using the high-speed camera. Furthermore the flow pattern video was analyzed by using image processing method to obtain the flow pattern charcteristics. The two-phase flow pressure drop of all gas-Newtonian/non-Newtonian liquids two-phase flows in this study increase by increasing JL in the same JG. The flow patterns that occur in this study are bubbly, slug, slug-annular and churn. The viscosity and rheological parameter of liquids test influenced the characteristic of flow patterns. The flow patterns in this study were plotted in the flow patterns map and suitable with the flow patterns transisiton lines based on the previous study. Likewise, the experimental pressure drop shows the good agreement with the pressure drop prediction correlation by Kawahara et al. (2011).

The integration of learning activities in schools and environmental education is considered capable of increasing students’ knowledge, understanding, and positive behavior towards the environment. The aim of the environmental education program at Taman Kehati Subang was to investigate its role in supporting environmental education activities of the students of SMK Tri Surya Bangsa, Subang. It was conducted on August 21, 2020 and was attended by 10 representatives’ students of class X, XI, and XII and 2 accompanying teachers. Outdoor activities, games, and field practice were used to deliver the material. It includes organic cultivation, biodiversity conservation, nurseries and compost making, cipondoh water sources, and soil and water conservation. Our evaluation showed that students hold high agreement that Taman Kehati has various types of plants and suitable to support environmental education activities in schools. Students assessed that a visit to Taman Kehati provided new experiences that could increase their knowledge of environmentally natural resource management. Delivering material with a combination of outdoor activities, field practice, and games makes them easy to be understood and can be practiced daily. It can be concluded that students and teachers generally consider that Taman Kehati is suitable to support the integration of learning in schools and environmental education. Students were very satisfied with the environmental education activities at Taman Kehati, Subang

Indonesia's food needs continue to increase along with population growth. Land development for supporting the cassava food estate is one of the priority programs of the central and regional governments. The purpose of this study was aimed at determining the need for power tiller for land management based on land area. This research was carried out at the planned location of the cassava plantation in Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan in 2020. The data on the land area planned was determined from a topographic map, while the tractor needs were obtained from the calculation of field capacity. The area of land suitable for cassava cultivation is 1227.57 ha which is divided into 25 blocks. The basis for the number of tractors as power tiller needed is determined from the time of tillage work so that it requires working capacity variables, including data on land area, work speed, and width of the plow implement. The plow studied in this study used 2, 3, 4, and 5 blades of disc plows. The need for a tractor with a 5-blade disc plow is 2 tractors that work fully and take turns cultivating an area of 1227.57 ha in the span of one cassava cultivation period (7-8 months). If the disc plow used is less than five blades, it will affect the working width of tillage, so the work time will be longer and the need for power tiller will increase.

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan sasaran masyarakat pengusaha UKM di Kampung Tematik tempe Kelurahan Sambirejo – Kecamatan Gayamsari Kota Semarang, Kegiatan ini merupak permintaan dari para pengusaha kecil di Kelurahan Sambirejo, yang seharusnya yang hadirkan sebanyak 25 pengusaha kecil, namun karena kondisi adanya pandemi Covid 19, maka kegiatannya hanya dilakukan bagi pengusaha kecil yang benar benar berminat dan mau mengembangkan usaha, maka dipilih hanya 4 orang pengusaha kecil kuliner dan pelaksanaan di Ruang Laboratorium Pangan FTP USM. Materi sosialisasi yang diberikan kepada pengusaha kecil berupa pentingnya pembentukan Kelompok Usaha Bersama bagi para pengusaha kecil dan sosialisasi pemasaran produk kuliner. Sedangkan pelatihan membuat diversikan produk dari bahan utama tempe yaitu membuat nugget tempe dan wedang tempe. Salah satu tolok ukur keberhasilan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat itu, adalah munculnya minat para penguaha ingin membentuk Kelompok Usaha Bersama dengan dibuktikan dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan keinginan memiliki kelompok usaha bersama. Sedangkan tolak ukur sosialisasi pemasaran produk kuliner adalah adanya keinginan dari kelompok sasaran mengajukan banyak pertanyaan mengenai pemasaran. Pelatihan dan praktek memproduksi makanan nugget dan minuman wedang tempe, para peserta pelatihan antusias sekali mencoba mempraktekkan dengan dipandu oleh tim, dilakukan dengan sangat antusias. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat,para peserta pelatihan lebih memahami dan mengetahui pentingnya Kelompok Usaha Bersama dalam upaya meningkatkan usahanya serta lebih memahami beberapa cara pemasaran produk kuliner dalam kondisi persaingan yang semakin kuat diantara para pengusaha,serta hasil pelatihan membuat Nugget Tempe dan Wedang Tempe akan dikembangkan dengan semakin bervariasi.

Sentinel-2 merupakan satelit eropa yang memiliki 13 band spektral. Citra sentinel-2 dapat digunakan dalam beragam bidang salah satunya bidang pertanian. Pada bidang pertanian citra sentinel-2 dapat dimanfaaatkan untuk memetakan luas sawah di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah data citra Sentinel-2 menjadi peta luasan sawah Kabupaten Jember dengan metode MLC, dan membandingkan luasan pada musim kemarau dan hujan. Tahapan penelitian ini adalah (1) unduh data satellite Sentinel-2 pada bulan Juni dan Oktober 2019 dan survei lapang untuk sebagai Ground Control Point (GCP), digunakan sebagai training area; (2) pra pengolahan data (atmospheric correction, composite, mosaic, dan clipping); (3) pengolahan data (pembuatan training area, klasifikasi metode MLC menggunakan aplikasi Multispec; (4) Uji akurasi; (5) Analisa hasil. Klasifikasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah: (1) hutan; (2) badan air; (3) pemukiman; (4) tegalan; (5) lahan kering/lahan kosong; (6) sawah, Pada hasil klasifikasi terdapat perbedaan luas sawah pada bulan Juni dan Oktober sebesar 134,332 km2. Hasil dari confussion matrix menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi terdapat banyak kesalahan pada kedua klasifikasi yakni pada kelas sawah dengan hutan dan kelas tegalan dengan lahan kering. Nilai akurasi hasil klasifikasi bulan Juni untuk uji Overall : 93,3% dan Kappa accuracy : 90,1%. Untuk hasil klasifikasi bulan Oktober untuk uji Overall : 94,27% dan Kappa accuracy : 90,55%. Terdapat perbedaan luas sawah pada daerah irigasi (DI) Salmon2 antara hasil klasifikasi dengan digitasi lapang. Hal ini menandakan bahwa klasifikasi citra sentinel-2 dengan metode maximum likelihood tidak dapat menginterpretasikan luas sawah dengan baik.

Flood mapping is an essential component of planning flood mitigation. The availability of remote sensing data makes rapid flood mapping possible. This article develops an accurate method for rapid flood mapping using satellite imagery. Sentinel-2 imagery was tested by acquiring data before and after a flood event in a lowland area. Flooding extraction was performed using the newly developed Flood Inundation Extraction Index (FIEI) and compared to the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), the most commonly used index. Based on the choice of threshold, the results are divided into flooded and non-flooded areas. Evaluation of the performance accuracy based on the total and kappa coefficients showed that the FIEI approach is more accurate than the MNDWI approach.

A nuclear power plant operation requires reliability safety systems. Therefore, an accidental scenario such as the LOCA becomes a specific attention. This relates to a countercurrent flow phenomenon which permits the occurrence of a flooding regime. This study aims to investigate the effets of I/D ratios of the riser on the onset of flooding and time-series voltage fluctuations of differential pressure signals of the flooding regime on a complex geometry representing a PWR hot leg. The test section contains a combination of a horizontal, an elbow and an inclined pipes. Three I/D ratios containing 1.9 (R1), 3.9 (R2) and 8.3 (R3) were assesed. The tabulated data are expressed in the term of a flooding curve. Meanwhile, the statistical features of the time-series voltage fluctuations of the signals are presented on both PDF and PSD graphs. The results obtained show that the assesed I/D ratios do not conduct significance effects on the onset of flooding. On the other hand, there are trends which can be obtained from the time-series signals with the increase of the I/D ratio. Those trends can also be observed in the such statistical features; the PDF and PSD graphs, respectively.

The Covid-19 pandemic is a milestone for the Gerakan Nasional Non-Tunai (GNNT) in Indonesia. This GNNT socialization activity to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) aimed to support the Indonesia Payment System Blueprint (BSPI) 2025. MSMEs are the largest business (98.67%) which contributes 60.34% to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Indonesia. The socialization, MSME actors can make transactions with the electronic leisure payment system. Electronic payments as a result of buying and selling transactions electronically through the internet (e-commerce). The method of implementing this activity is to conduct socialization and Forum Group Discussions (FGD) face-to-face under health protocol standards during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to socialization, e.g. of the application of using electronic money through smartphones was also given. The enthusiasm of the participants was shown during the discussion session. They feel that they understand more about the benefits of the electronic payment system in the GNNT policy and will apply it to their productive economic business activities. After receiving the socialization, we have recorded that three of the eight micro-business actors participating in the socialization applied the non-cash transactions. Warung Kamu had applied the payment using the Quick Response Code Indonesia Standard (QRIS). The Olahan Bandeng and Ida Collection market their products through the Kopimi E-Gerai.

Kawasan hulu daerah aliran sungai telah lama dianggap memainkan peran strategis dalam konservasi air pada lanskap yang kompleks dan dinamis. Sementara banyak studi telah meneliti pentingnya upaya konservasi air, studi yang berfokus pada pengelompokan niat penduduk untuk terlibat dalam inisiatif konservasi air di hulu daerah aliran sungai masih belum banyak dipelajari. Untuk memahami bagaimana warga mengelompok, kami mengklasifikasikan warga di dua desa (Cibeusi dan Sanca) berdasarkan pendapat mereka yang khas terhadap variabel Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), yaitu sikap, norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku yang dipersepsikan, niat perilaku, dan perilaku terhadap inisiatif konservasi air. Secara total, 200 kuesioner yang dapat digunakan dalam analisis telah diambil. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa warga dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua kluster yaitu “pendukung konservasi air” dan “pendukung pasif”. Pendukung konservasi air dicirikan dengan kesepakatan yang tinggi pada semua variabel TPB, sedangkan pendukung pasif adalah sebaliknya. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa persepsi masyarakat tidak homogen, tetapi merupakan kelompok individu yang memiliki pemikiran berbeda. Lebih lanjut, studi saat ini berimplikasi bahwa pengelola sumber daya air harus menyadari fakta bahwa masyarakat dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam kelompok yang berbeda berdasar pendapat dan kepentingannya masing-masing. Rancangan kebijakan, strategi, dan intervensi yang efektif harus dirancang sesuai dengan kelompok yang berbeda tersebut. ABSTRACT Upstream areas have long been considered to play strategic roles in the water conservation of complex and dynamic landscapes. While earlier studies have examined the importance of water conservation efforts, studies that focused on clustering residents’ intention to engage in water conservation initiatives in the upstream areas remain understudied. To understand how residents are clustered, we classify residents in two villages (Cibeusi and Sanca) based on their distinctive opinions of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables, i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior toward water conservation initiatives. In total, 200 usable questionnaires were retrieved. The study finds that residents are clustered into two clusters named water conservation supporters and passive supporters. Water conservation supporters are characterized by high agreement on all the TPB variables, while passive supporters are the opposite. These findings confirm that communities are not homogenous but constitute a distinctive group of like-minded individuals. Furthermore, the current study implies that water resource managers should be aware of the fact that residents are clustered into distinct groups with their own opinions and interests. The design of effective policies, strategies, and interventions must be arranged according to those different groups.

The use of intensive chemical inputs causes lower availability of nutrients, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and soil degradation.Therefore, this study aims to assess the soil quality index (SQI) for paddy fields in Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Input data for this study consist of land cover (interpreted from the Sentinel-2 image), soil type, and slope maps. Furthermore, the procedure to calculate soil quality index (SQI) include (1) spatial analysis to create the land unit, (2) preparation of soil sampling, (3) soil chemical analysis, (4) principal component analysis (PCA), and (5) reclassifying soil quality index (SQI). The PCA results showed that three variables i.e., % sand, total- P, and % silt were strongly correlated to SQI, while three classes namely very low, low, and medium of SQI were sufficiently used to describe the spatial variability of the paddy field. Furthermore, approximately 41.14% of the paddy field area were classed as very low while 52.23%, and 6.63% were categorized as low and medium SQI respectively. Based on the results, about 93.37% of paddy fields in Jember Regency still require improvement in soil quality via the addition of ameliorants such as organic fertilizers to increase quality and productivity. This application needs to focus on areas with very low-low quality hence, the quality increased to the medium category.

Jompo river is one of many tributaries in Jember regency has become one of water sources for residents nearby to meet their daily needs. People activities may lead to the emergence of pollution in Jompo river in long term. The measurement needs to determine water quality of the river. The research site ranged from Patrang to Kaliwates district with six nodes and covered a distance of 625 m. Based on the data analysis, average value of water quality in the river was characterized by 67 mg/l TSS (Total Suspended Solids), 72 mg/l TDS, pH at 6.73, 8.34 mg/l DO, 1.20 mg/l BOD, and EC at 145 µmhos/cm. Based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and Electricity value, the water quality of Jompo river was included in Grade II criteria. Jompo River was appropriate to irrigation water.

Mayang Watersheds frequently hit by floods during the rainy season and drought during the dry season. This study aims to assess the water balance by calculating water resource availability and water demand in the Mayang watershed. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used as the primary tool for the analysis. The supply of water comes only from precipitation. Demand was calculated based on the water demand for irrigation, domestic, urban, industrial, and livestock uses. The unit of time to calculate the water balance is ten days. It means that each month is divided into three-time steps. Analysis of the WEAP is based on the water demand from 2002 to 2019. The results showed that from 3rd December to 1st May, the Mayang river and its tributaries could supply all demand sites up to 100%. However, unmet demand occurs from 2nd May to 2nd December. The highest first unmet demand occurred in October, with 0.67 million m3. The management of water resources, especially in terms of distribution during the rainy season and dry season, must be considered.

Tree diameter and circumference measurements are important metrics that should be monitored periodically and which can be used to determine rates of plant growth, timber production (wood), rubber tapping time, and to estimate the nutrient content of the soil in agroforestry especially for rubber and Albizia sp. trees. In this study, we evaluated the use of optical sensors, including a smartphone camera, which were analyzed by an image processing technology to estimate tree circumference of homogeneous and production forests especially rubber and Albizia forest plantations, through a real-time tree diameter measurement approach. Camera measurements were carried out for the diameter at breast height (DBH) and a certain distance of each tree (with the diameter of tree range of ∼6–50 cm). The results show that the use of smartphone camera measurements is highly correlated with manual measurements obtained using a tree caliper or meter tape in estimating tree circumference with coefficient of determination (R2) and RMSE of 0.95 and 7.9 cm, respectively. Thus, this tool can be employed as an alternative method for measuring tree diameter and circumference.

Precision Agriculture has been a significant issue since the middle of the 1980s. Evapotranspiration is one of the main parameters in precision agriculture to analyze real water needs in the agriculture area and managing water resources. Traditionally evapotranspiration estimates by directly measured methods, i.e., lysimeter, pan-evaporation, eddy covariance, Bowen ratio, soil water, and climate data analysis. These methods are expensive techniques with low spatial representativeness. The utilization of remote sensing technology is expected to be an alternative solution for providing evapotranspiration data with a cost-effective and high spatial representative. This research aims to evaluate the MODIS global evapotranspiration as satellite-based evapotranspiration in estimating evapotranspiration in West Papua. Four (4) statistical parameters, i.e., mean error (ME), root means square error (RMSE), relative bias (RB), and mean bias factor (MBF), are using for evaluation. The research showed that MODIS global evapotranspiration was overestimated in estimating evapotranspiration in West Papua. However, MODIS global evapotranspiration has an acceptable accuracy in estimating evapotranspiration in West Papua indicated by ME = 0.66 mm/day, RMSE = 0.94 mm/day, RB = 0.27, and MBF = 0.81. Therefore, MODIS global evapotranspiration can be used as an alternative solution for providing evapotranspiration data in West Papua with a cost-effective.

Soursop leaf tea is a health drink that contains steroid compounds, terpenoids, flavonoids, kumari, tannins, and alkaloids. The flavonoids and tannins in soursop leaves act as antioxidants. Since it has an unpleasant aroma, cinnamon is added to add scent and flavor. This study aimed to determine the effect of cinnamon powder on the soursop leaf tea's antioxidant activity. This study employed the completely randomized design method (CRD) with two factors: the soursop leaves and cinnamon powder concentrations. This study consisted of four treatments, namely SP0 (100% soursop leaves), SP1 (90% soursop leaves and 10% cinnamon powder), SP2 (80% soursop leaves and 20% cinnamon powder), and SP3 (70% soursop leaves and 30% cinnamon powder) within three repetitions. The proximate test was focused on antioxidant activity analyzed by ANOVA at α = 5%. The organoleptic test covered the color, taste, aroma, and other overall preferences by qualitative descriptive tests. The results showed that the highest antioxidant (29.19%) could be found in the SP3 sample (70% soursop leaves and 30% cinnamon powder), while the preferred organoleptic test was the SP2 sample.

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) merupakan salah satu indeks vegetasi yang digunakan untuk menganalisis kerapatan vegetasi. Penelitian ini menyajikan potensi aplikasi NDVI untuk memetakan Lahan Sub-Optimal kering (LSO-kering). Penelitian dilakukan di bagian timur wilayah Kabupaten Situbondo yang mencakup tiga kecamatan, yaitu, Arjasa, Asembagus dan Jangkar. Citra Sentinel 2A rekaman tahun 2018 yang sudah terkoreksi dan 450 training area atau GCP (Ground Control Point) digunakan sebagai input utama. Wilayah tersebut merupakan daerah dengan karakteristik iklim yang khas, dimana musim kemarau lebih lama dibanding dengan musim penghujan. Analisis menggunakan tool "plug-in SNAP" dan "QGIS". Prosedur penelitian mencakup: (1) inventarisasi data, (2) pra-processing data, (3) processing data dan (4) uji akurasi. Klasifikasi NDVI dapat membedakan 6 kelas peruntukan yaitu : badan air, area pemukiman, LSO-kering, tegalan-sawah tadah hujan, sawah irigasi, hutan-perkebunan. Klasifikasi NDVI menghasilkan nilai Overall dan Kappa akurasi sebesar 66,9% dan 61,6%. Nilai akurasi yang didapat masih jauh dari standar klasifikasi, namun metode ini dapat menjadi pijakan penelitian selanjutnya terkait dengan indek citra yang dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi LSO-Kering.

Climate Hazzard Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHRIPS) dan Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) merupakan pengamat curah hujan berbasis satelit. CHIRPS dan GPM menyediakan data hujan harian serta digunakan secara luas pada berbagai bidang, diantaranya pertanian hidrologi, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan performa CHIRPS dan GPM dalam membangkitkan informasi curah hujan harian di Jawa Timur. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data hujan harian CHIRPS versi 2.0, GPM versi 6.0, dan automatic weather station (AWS) perekaman tahun 2015 – 2019. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji presisi dan akurasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CHIRPS versi 2.0 lebih presisi serta lebih akurat dari GPM versi 6.0 dalam membangkitkan informasi curah hujan harian di Jawa Timur. Namun GPM versi 6.0 lebih akurat dalam mendeteksi hujan serta memiliki korelasi yang lebih baik terhadap data hujan lokal (AWS).

Analisa variabilitas spasial digunakan untuk mempelajari variablitas hujan yang diterima pada luasan tertentu. Analisis tersebut juga dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kalender tanam, mitigasi banjir, kekeringan, dan potensi bencana hidro-meteorologi terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variabilitas spasial hujan bulanan dan tahunan di wilayah Kabupaten Jombang, Kediri, dan Nganjuk. Data diperoleh dari 137 stasiun hujan dengan panjang rekaman data dari tahun 1990 sampai dengan 2016. Tahap penelitian mencakup: (1) pengolahan data, (2) Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) menggunakan tool histogram, Voronoi-map dan Normal QQ-plot, (3) interpolasi, dan 4) analisis regresi-korelasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa data hujan yang digunakan tidak terdistribusi normal. Nilai standar deviasi 126,9 mm untuk hujan bulanan dan 629,1 mm untuk hujan tahunan. Peta tematik menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah penelitian menerima hujan bulanan maksimum 621 – 760 mm/bulan, dan mengalami hujan tahunan maksimum 2.178 – 3.202 mm/tahun. Analisis korelasi regresi menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang kuat antara ketinggian tempat dengan besarnya hujan yang diterima.

DAS bajulmati merupakan DAS kecil (± 173.4 km2) yang berada di wilayah timur pulau Jawa. DAS bajulmati memiliki iklim yang spesifik yaitu relatif kering dengan musim kemarau yang panjang (8-9 bulan selama setahun). Meskipun kondisi iklim yang kurang mendukung, sebagian besar masyarakat bekerja sebagai petani landang. Adanya perluasan lahan pertanian non irigasi/ladang mengakibatkan tutupan vegetasi semakin berkurang. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi DAS bajulmati diperlukan untuk mengetahui dampak perluasan lahan pertanian terhadap laju aliran dan sedimentasi dengan kondisi iklim yang cukup spesifik (kering). Salah satu model evaluasi pengelolaan DAS terhadap perubahan lahan adalah model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). SWAT dapat menggambarkan proses hidrologi (erosi dan sedimentasi) unit lahan. data DEM resolusi (10x10 m) sebagai masukan utama untuk proses delinasi DAS. Data tanah, tutupan lahan, dan kontur digunakan untuk menentukan unit lahan/hydrolocal response unit (HRU) DAS. Data curah hujan dan iklim (suhu, kelembaban rata-rata, intensitas matahari, kecepatan angin) diperoleh dari stasiun yang tersebar di wilayah DAS. Semua data diintegrasikan ke dalam SWAT untuk menghitung proses hidrologi, erosi dan sedimentasi. Debit yang diamati digunakan untuk mengkalibrasi keluaran debit hasil SWAT di outlet DAS. Hasil kalibrasi debit menunjukkan nilai Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency sebesar 0,53 dan validasi sebesar 0,5 serta koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,58 dan 0,78 (memuaskan) dan model dapat digunakan untuk ilustrasi proses hidrologi dalam DAS bajulmati. Analisis tingkat erosi SWAT menunjukkan bahwa 34,46; 39,19; dan 17,83 menunjukkan tingkat erosi sangat ringan sampai kategori sedang. Oleh karena itu, DAS Bajulmati masih dalam kategori aman karena rata-rata erosi berat dan sangat berat dibawah 10%. Nilai sedimentasi tertinggi pada HRU 512 dan SubDAS 23. Wilayah tersebut merupakan wilayah perkebunan dengan tingkat kemiringan diatas 40%.

Sentine-2 menjanjikan citra yang gratis, pada ketelitian spasial sedang dan ketelitian spektral tinggi. Data citra ini mungkin dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pemetaan tutupan lahan (land cover) dan pruntukan lahan (land use) sampai dengan level Desa. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengevaluasi peta tematik yang dihasilkan dari: (1) Klasifikasi dari citra Sentinel-2A, (b) digitasi manual dari Google Earth Image, (c) dan peta RBI (Rupa Bumi Indonesia). Citra Sentinel-2A, citra google earth dan peta RBI digital digunakan sebagai input utama. Pengolahan citra Sentinel-2A mencakup: atmosferic correction, image composite, klasifikasi terbimbing, koleksi training area, dan uji-akurasi. Selanjutnya, ke tiga jenis peta tematik yang dihasilkan digunakan untuk membandingkan luasan per jenis tutupan lahan yang dipetakan dan interpretasi perubahan peruntukan lahan yang terjadi. Selanjutnya, wilayah empat desa digunakan sebagai sampel pengukuran. Penelitian menghasilkan peta tematik tutupan dan peruntukan lahan pada level Desa. Perbandingan peta tematik menunjukkan bahwa citra Sentinel mampu untuk menangkap fitur tutupan lahan yang utama (yaitu: Lahan-sub-optimal kering, lahan irigasi, lahan non-irigasi, area terbangun, hutan-perkebunan, dan badan air) pada level desa. Lebih lanjut peta yang dihasilkan dari citra Sentinel dapat digunakan untuk memperbaharui, perencanaan dan evaluasi kegiatan pembangunan di Desa. Kata Kunci: Sentinel-2A, Pemetaan, Tutupan Lahan, peruntukan lahan, desa. Sentinel-2 provide a free of cost imagery in medium spatial and high spectral resolutions. These data promise a rapid, low-cost and easy to apply imagery for the end-user. These free data may produce a rationale thematic land cover and land use (LCLU) map at the village level. This paper aims to compare and to evaluate the thematics maps created by (a) Sentinel-2, (b) digitalisation from Google Earth and (c) RBI (Rupa Bumi Indonesia) Digital Map. Sentinel-2 image, google earth image, and RBI digital map used as the primary input. The treatment of sentinel 2A imagery consists of atmospheric correction, image composite, supervised classification, collecting training areas, and accuracy assessment. The three types of maps use to compare area extent mapped for each type of land cover (LC), and the interpretation of land-use change occurred. Four villages used as samples of measurement. The research produces thematic LCLU maps at the village level. Comparison of maps shows that Sentinel capable of capturing major LC (i.e., Dry-marginal land, non-irrigated area, irrigated area, pavement areas, forest - plantation, and water body) at the village level. Moreover, Sentinel-2A produce more detail of land cover type. Finally, the maps derived from Sentinel data provide data for up-dating, planning and evaluation of village development. Keywords : Sentinel-2A, mapping, land cover, land use, village.

Ambient air temperature is main variable in climatological and hydrological analysis, however limited number of meteorological stations in Indonesia was becoming a problem to provide air temperature data for large areas. The objective of this study is to generate air temparature using relationship of land surface temperature and vegetation index. A total of 6 climatological station and 84 MODIS Images for three years (2015 to 2017) were used for the analysis. Research methods include: image georeferencing, band extraction from modis, derivation of NDVI, gererating ambient air temperature, calibrating using local meteorological station, and image interpretation. Results show that the accuracy of MODIS Surface Reflectance product to generate ambient air temperature in East Java at any periods is 86,37%. So MODIS Surface Reflectance product can be used as alternative solution to generate ambient air temperature.

Rainfall data is the main parameter in flood analysis. The limited number of climate stations and rain stations in Manokwari due to low spatial representativeness of rainfall. This study aims to utilize Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) as a satellite-based rainfall observer to analyze and floods hazard mapping in Manokwari. The method used in this research is landscape analysis. Research showed that almost all areas in Manokwari had high levels of flood hazard at any period except Tanah Rubuh district.

Madura is prone to high level of flood hazard. One of the main causes of floods is the extreme rainfall. Global warming allows changes in the amount of extreme rainfall. This research was conducted to identify and analyze trends, changes, and randomness of the maximum period of 24-hour extreme rainfall data on Madura Island. The method used was a non-parametric method which includes the Median Crossing test, the Mann-Kendall test, and the Rank-Sum test at the significance level of α =0.05. There were 31 rain gauge stations that were selected out of 66 rain gauge stations which has 20 consecutive years period rainfall data. The period of rainfall observation data was between 1991-2015. The highest extreme daily rainfall data was observed at Ketapang station (430 mm) while the lowest extreme daily rainfall data was observed at Saronggi Station (25 mm). It was found that the west side of Madura Island and the mountain area show higher value of extreme daily rainfall than other area. High intensity of rainfall (> 100 mm) was occurred in Arosbaya, Ketapang and Ambunten stations while other three stations showed lower intensity of rainfall (Tragah, Larangan and Saronggi). The results of the analysis showed that based on the Median Crossing test, most rain stations have data originating from random processes. A small part of the rain stations was analyzed based on the Mann-Kendal test and the Rank-Sum test. The result showed that the maximum 24-hour extreme rain trend was significantly decreased in a few locations (Kamal, Ketapang, dan Ganding), while most stations (26 stations) have no experience a significant trend.

The research objective is to analyze the factors affecting profitability and their impact on firm value of manufacturing companies on the IDX for the 2017-2019 period. Data collection is done by reading secondary data, with the number of companies that match the characteristics of 27 companies, so that the number of samples becomes 81. The analysis method uses SEM-PLS. The research results are asset structure and profitability influence to firm value, while leverage, capital structure, firm size, liquidity, and firm growth have no effect on firm value. The capital structure has an influence to profitability, but leverage, asset structure, firm size, liquidity, and company growth are not having significant results and profitability is not an intervening variable.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of financial knowledge on financial behavior with financial attitudes and self-efficacy as mediating variables. The population of this research is that all students in Semarang are unknown. The number of respondents to 96 people. The sample selection method is purposive sampling, namely: students have taken courses in financial management and intermediate financial accounting and the analytical tool used in this study was Warp PLS version 5.0. The results showed that financial knowledge has a positive and significant direct effect on financial attitudes, self-efficacy and financial behavior of students in Semarang City, so that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted. Financial attitudes and self-efficacy have a positive and significant direct effect on the financial behavior of students in Semarang City, so that the proposed hypothesis can be accepted. Financial attitudes and self-efficacy do not mediate the effect of financial knowledge on financial behavior of students in Semarang City.

Erosion is an event of eroding soil that occurs naturally. However, human activities that change land use from natural (forestry, plantation, rural areas) to urban features can alter the erosion processes. Rapid calculation of erosion level for the wide area is necessary for the management and conservation planning. This research aims to analyze the erosion level in East Java area using USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) and GIS. The erosivity factor (R) is calculated from rainfall data. Vegetation factor (C) and the conservation factor (P) estimated from land use map. The length and slope factor (LS) are calculated from the ASTER GDEM2, and the erodibility factor (K) is obtained from interpretation of soil map. Furthermore, all factors were analysed to calculate erosion rate. The result shows that the average erosion rate in East Java regions is 10,30 tons/ha/year. The result also show that 78,71% area of East Java is classified as very low erosion rate (0-15 tons/ha/year); 10,75% classified as low erosion rate (15-60 tons/ha/year); 6,39% classified as moderate erosion rate (60-180 tons/ha/year); and 2,83% is severe type (180-480 tons/ha/year). Only 1,31% from the total area is classified as very severe erosion rate (>480 tons/ha/year). The result also shows that USLE can be used to facilitate rapid erosion prediction for wide area.

A hydrological process on the watersheds is driven by rainfall as the input. Physical properties also affect the magnitude response of the watershed to produce run-off. This paper presents the identification, assessment and visualisation of morphometric and hydrological properties of the watersheds. Six watersheds in the eastern part of East Java were used for the analysis. Physical characteristics obtained by cropping the GIS layer with a watershed. Topographic and morphometric properties of the watersheds derived from the ASTER G-DEM2. Furthermore, hydrological properties are derived statistically by analysing available rainfall and discharge data. Hydrological data (rainfall and discharge) are available from 1996 – 2014. Finally, simple statistical analysis by plotting obtained values are used to interpret the relation between morphometric and hydrological properties of the watersheds. The results show the quantitative number (unit) to describe the morphometric and hydrological properties of the six watersheds that can be used for watershed classification.

Artikel ini menyajikan identifikasi, penilaian dan visualisasi sifat fisik, topografi, morfometrik dan hidrologi daerah aliran sungai kecil di Wilayah Jawa Timur. Empat puluh empat (44) DAS digunakan untuk analisis. Sifat fisik (yaitu, jenis tanah dan penggunaan lahan) diperoleh dengan memotong lapisan GIS dengan batas daerah aliran sungai. Kemudian ASTER G-DEM2 digunakan untuk menurunkan sifat morfometrik daerah aliran sungai. Selain itu, sifat hidrologis diperoleh dengan menganalisis data curah hujan dan debit yang tersedia. Parameter yang dipilih adalah untuk mewakili setiap properti daerah aliran sungai. Akhirnya, korelasi sederhana antara sifat-sifat fisik, topografi, morfometrik, dan hidrologi daerah aliran sungai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa DAS menunjukkan kesamaan dan perbedaan pada parameter morfometrik dan hidrologi.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun binahong dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan berbagai macam konsentrasi dari 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%, serta klindamisin sebagai pembanding dan aquades sebagai kontrol. Ektrak daun binahong diperoleh dari maserasi daun binahong dengan pelarut metanol dan dipartisi dengan menggunakan pelarut etil asetat, kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Parameter yang diamati adalah diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Hasilnya diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun binahong memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes terlihat dengan adanya zona hambat yang terbentuk. Konsentrasi yang paling efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes adalah pada konsentrasi 100% sebesar 9,00 mm pada waktu 24 jam dan 11,20 mm pada waktu 48 jam.

Erosion processes are still the dominant factor affecting land degradation. The rapid calculation of erosion loss is urgently required for conservation planning and management at the watershed level. This paper is reporting the use of USLE method and GIS at Brantas Watershed. The digital layer data of rainfall from 2005 to 2014, soil types, land use, and DEM (from ASTER GDEM2) were used as the main input. The research procedures consist of (1) data inventory dan preparation, (2) calculation of the erosion factors (R, K, LS, CP), and (3) calculation and classification of the erosion hazard. The erosivity factor (R) is calculated from the analysis of annual rainfall data. The erodibility factor (K) is obtained using analysis of soil type map. The length and slope factor (LS) is calculated from the DEM and Soil layer data. The crop cover and conservation activities (CP) is interpreted from RBI maps year 2014. The results showed that the erosion hazard in Brantas Watershed dominated by very low with predominantly the erosion yield of 0,96 ton/ha/year. Thus required conservation and watershed management activities to prevent an increase erosion hazard in the Brantas Watershed. Keywords: erosion yield, USLE, GIS, Brantas, Watershed

This research proposes to evaluate whether there has been a change in hydrological regimes of the watershed. The research was conducted at the the administrative area of UPT PSDA Surabaya. Furthermore, Surabaya-Perning and Lamong-Simoanggrok watersheds were used as a sample for this study. The analysis was conducted using the Indicator of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). The main input is the daily discharge data series from the two watersheds. The discharge data range from 1996 to 2015. Then, the time series data is divided into two periods, the pre-impact period (1996-2005) and the post-impact period (2006-2015). A total of 33 IHA parameters classified into 5 categories were used to evaluate the change. The results of the assessment are then used for RVA (Range of Variable approach) calculations. RVA calculations were used to discover changes occurring from the pre-impact period to the post-impact period. The data series from the two watersheds also analyzed using Environmental Flow Components (EFC) and Flow Duration Curves (FDC). The result of the research shows the difference in parameter value that indicating the hydrological change between the pre-impact period and the post-impact period. RVA analysis results show an increased flow in the Surabaya-Perning watershed from January to September and December. RVA analysis results also show an increased flow in the Lamong-Simoanggrok watershed from January to July and December. The results of the EFC analysis can provide information about flows that have the potential to cause floods and droughts. The Surabaya-Perning watershed has the potential to encounter a small flood with a value 254,7 m3/s which last for 9 days with a chance of occurring 0,5 times every 2 years.

This study aims to analyze trends, shift and spatial variability of extreme-rainfall in the area of UPT PSDA Pasuruan. The daily rainfall data from 64 stations from 1980 until 2015 were used as main input. The 1-day extreem rainfall data is determined as the maximum annual of 24-hour rainfall events. The statistical analysis using Mann-Kendall, Rank-Sum, and Median Crossing Test using significance level α = 0,05. The spatial variability of extrem rainfall data is described using average annual 24-hour rainfall during the periods of record. Each station is represented by one value. The values are then interpolated using IDW interpolation methods to maps the spatial variability of extreem rainfall event. The results show the value of statistical test for each stations that show the existing trend, shift, or randomness of data. The result also produce thematic maps show the spatial variability of extreme rainfall and the value of each trend.