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Beef cattle are the third commodity (6.16%) in providing meat for consumption of the Indonesians. East Java province is the centre of the largest beef cattle population in Indonesia. The management of calf feed is one of the critical points in the production of beef cattle. This study aims to assess the feeding management of beef cow-calf from birth to post-weaning in small-scale beef cattle farms in East Java Province. The survey was conducted on one group of beef cattle farmers (40-60 farmers) in each regency/municipality as many as 475 farmers. Data analysis is carried out descriptively about the activities of the management of cow feeding. The results of the survey of feeding management of beef cow-calf in East Java Province showed that: (1) Management of newborn calf in the condition "Good Enough", (2) Management of colostrum feeding in the condition "Good Enough", (3) Management of milk, milk replace and calf starter feeding in the condition "Bad", (4) Management of forage feeding in the condition "Good", (5) Management of feeding at post-weaning in the condition of "Good", (6) Management of feeding aged 6-12 months in the condition of "Good Enough", and (7) Overall the management of feeding calves from birth to post-weaning in the condition "Good".

Beef cattle are the third commodity (6.16%) in providing meat for consumption of the Indonesians. East Java province is the centre of the largest beef cattle population in Indonesia. The management of calf feed is one of the critical points in the production of beef cattle. This study aims to assess the feeding management of beef cow-calf from birth to post-weaning in small-scale beef cattle farms in East Java Province. The survey was conducted on one group of beef cattle farmers (40-60 farmers) in each regency/municipality as many as 475 farmers. Data analysis is carried out descriptively about the activities of the management of cow feeding. The results of the survey of feeding management of beef cow-calf in East Java Province showed that: (1) Management of newborn calf in the condition "Good Enough", (2) Management of colostrum feeding in the condition "Good Enough", (3) Management of milk, milk replace and calf starter feeding in the condition "Bad", (4) Management of forage feeding in the condition "Good", (5) Management of feeding at post-weaning in the condition of "Good", (6) Management of feeding aged 6-12 months in the condition of "Good Enough", and (7) Overall the management of feeding calves from birth to post-weaning in the condition "Good".

How farmers are willing to pay bio-activators needs to bestudied. The purposes of this study are to analyze theknowledge and use of bio-activators, as well as thewillingness to pay for bio-activators in rice farming. Theresearch was conducted in Malang Regency, with a sampleof 82 farmers from Ngajum and Gondanglegi Districts. Datawere analyzed by descriptive and multiple linear regression.The results showed that the farmers are aware of one tofour brands of bio-activators, and three of the brands areused by the rice farmers. The benefits of using bioactivators that are mostly perceived by rice farmers arefertilizing the soil and plants, thereby increasing theproduction of rice farming. Willingness to pay for bioactivators is based on the prevailing market price, there isno willingness to pay a premium price. Factors that have apositive effect on willingness to pay are land area andbenefits of bio-activators. The wider the agricultural landowned by the farmer and the greater the perceived benefits,the greater the value of willingness to pay will be. Thisinformation can be taken into consideration formanufacturers of bio-activators as a new introductionbefore being released in the market.

The research objective was to produce a product assembly and feed technology and natural additives to improve food quality and sustainable food security. The results of the first year obtained isolates of lactic acid bacteria and lignochloritic bacteria that have potential as probiotics for livestock, namely growth, high production, and enzyme activity. Isolates of lignochloritic bacteria grow well in the intestine, but lower in the gizzard and ventricles. Isolates as probiotics tend to increase feed intake, growth, the production of eggs, meat and egg protein but lower feed conversion, meat fat, and egg cholesterol.Key words: feed additive, food additive, probiotic, antibiotic, antioxidant

Hartatie ES, Prihartini I, Widodo W, Wahyudi A. 2020. Short Communication: Detection of bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2821-2825. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) commonly known as West Indian lemongrass is a member of the Poaceae family and belongs to genus Cymbopogon. It is one of the plants commonly used in fresh form as a spice by the people in Indonesia and widely planted in the yard of the house. Lemongrass contains several bioactive compounds and it might be extracted to obtain essential oils useful for many applications such as flavor and fragrance ingredients, perfumery, cosmetics, food preservation, pharmaceutical. The chemical composition of essentials oil can be variable, according to the genetic diversity, habitat, weather, and cultural treatment. The aim of study was to investigate the bioactive compounds in essential oil from lemongrass stalk and lemongrass leaves which cultivated in Ngantang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Detection of bioactive compounds was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of study are the main compound in lemongrass essential oil was citral. There is a difference between the citral content of essential oils from lemongrass stalk compared to essential oils from lemongrass leaves, both in quantity and components. The citral (geranial and neral) content of essential oil made from stalk was higher than made from leaves, but the amount of bioactive compounds of essential oils from leaves more than from the stalk.

This study aims to determine customer satisfaction on probiotic products plus Biofarm, the main factors of customer satisfaction on probiotic products plus Biofarm, and to determine customer attitudes towards the attributes of probiotic products plus Biofarm in Malang Regency. This research was conducted in Malang Regency in November until December 2019. This study used a survey method with descriptive data analysis, Fishbein analysis, Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA), and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). The researchers analyze the data using Microsoft Excel 2010. The results of this study indicate that customer attitudes toward Biofarm products are quite good. However, customers are less amenable to the ease of obtaining products, and the prices are considered expensive. Customer satisfaction level starts with product attributes, product qualifications, product quality, product promotion, product prices, and the ease of obtaining products. The customer attitude towards Biofarm products' attributes can be seen from the value of customer satisfaction, in which 58.6913% show a positive response.

Rahayu ID, Widodo W, Prihartini I, Winaya A. 2019. Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from Zingiber zerumbet rhizome against Salmonella spp. Biodiversitas 20: 3322-3327. The study aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of the Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) rhizome against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 31194 and S. typhimurium ATCC 23564. An experimental method was employed for testing the antibacterial activity, with a completely randomized design (CRD) of factorial patterns. Factor I, ethanol concentrations which consisted of 45%; 70% and 95%, while factor II was the concentration of extracts, i.e 0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5% and 10%. The phytochemical screening results showed that the Z. zerumbet extracts with 45% and 70% ethanol, contained alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins; however, the-95%-ethanol did not result in any saponins, but flavonoids instead. Meanwhile, the chromatogram patterns of all extracts showed zerumbone is a dominant compound. Extraction of Z. zerumbet using 95% ethanol has higher antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis than S. typhimurium. The extract with 10% concentration gave the highest antibacterial activity than other concentrations. It can be concluded that the Z. zerumbet L. Smith extracts with 95% ethanol and 10% concentration has the best antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis. Whereas S. typhimurium is effectively inhibited by extracts with 45% ethanol and 7.5% extract concentration.

Organic farming is a new way to increase agricultural production, food security, human and environment health, and empower farmers. This study aims to: (1) Analyze farmers' knowledge of organic farming systems, and (2) Analyze farmer's assessment of organic farming practices. The research was conducted by a survey method on 70 farmer members of Mandiri Farmers Group in Lombok Kulon Village, the location of organic rice farming pilot project in Bondowoso Regency. Farmers' knowledge of organic farming systems shows: (1) 88.57% of farmers know that agricultural land must be converted from non-organic to organic without contamination of synthetic chemicals for 2-3 years; (2) 98.57% of farmers know that organic farming uses organic fertilizer; (3) 72.86% farmers know that organic farming uses natural variety seeds, not genetically modified seeds; (4) 92.86% of farmers know that pest and disease control using organic pesticides; and (5) 87.14% of farmers know that irrigated water and land for organic farming should be separated from conventional farming. Farmers' assessment of the complexity of organic farming practices shows: (1) Agricultural land which should be converted from non-organic soil to organic one without polluted synthetic chemicals for 2-3 years is considered long time by 44.29% and very long by 24.29% farmers; (2) The use of organic fertilizer is considered easy by 50% of farmers; (3) As many as 50% of all farmers stated that the price of organic seeds is not different from the seeds used by conventional farmers; (4) Control of plant pests and diseases by using organic pesticides is considered more difficult than the control of plant pests and diseases by using synthetic chemical pesticides by 47.14% of farmers; and (5) A total of 55.71% of farmers find it difficult and very difficult to separate land and irrigation sources from conventional farming. The results conclude that although most farmers already have knowledge of organic farming systems, there is still difficulty in organic farming practices. This is one of the strong reasons why organic farming practices are not widely adopted by farmers.

Competition among businesses in agricultural sectors keeps growing along the time; needs and interests of customers are the key determiners of designing and improving products. This current research aimed at investigating customer satisfaction level on bio-farm product particularly among agricultural product customers. The locations of this research were in Malang Regency, Malang City, and Batu City. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) were employed to analyze the data. It has been revealed that the customer satisfaction has been shown to be 73.88%. The correlation between importance and customers’ satisfaction has shown that the price and packaging are of low priority; whereas, the product’s benefit, information, and content are salient for customers. Those three potential aspects are to be retained by businessmen and companies.

This study aimed at replacing the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) as the feed additive with the Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith extract (ZZE) to control Salmonellosis in broiler chickens. This study employed the completely randomized design (CRD), five treatments, namely: T0 (basal diet), T1 (basal diet + S. enteridis infection), T2 (basal diet + S. enteridis infection + 0.33 % ZZE), T3 (basal diet + S. enteridis infection + 0.67 % ZZE), and T4 (basal diet + S. enteridis infection + 1 % ZZE). The addition of the Z. zerumbet extract did not seem to affect the production performances, in which the average feed consumption was 69.38 g ± 4.43 g to 72.71 g ± 4.92 g, body weight gain was 35.67 g ± 1.40 g to 38.30 g ± 3.85 g, feed conversion was 1.89 ± 0.11 to 2.04 ± 0.11, final weight was 1 287.80 g ± 49.97 g up to 1 380.50 g ± 134.90 g, and percentage of carcass was 60.90 % to 68.48 %. However, the use of Z. zerumbet extract with the highest concentration at 1 % decreased the crude fat of meat.