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The present study aimed to investigate the immunolocalization of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 1 and 2, and proteins associated with exocytosis, i.e., core components of the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex (synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa, syntaxin 1, and vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2) and synaptotagmin‐1 (Syt1), in incisive papillary taste buds of rats using double‐indirect immunofluorescence. No VGLUT1 immunoreactivity was observed, whereas VGLUT2‐immunoreactive punctate products were closely associated with guanine nucleotide‐binding protein G(t) subunit α3‐immmunoreactive cells in taste buds. VGLUT2 was immunolocalized in P2X3 purinoceptor‐expressing afferent nerve endings. Synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa, syntaxin 1, and vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2 were immunolocalized in nerve endings containing VGLUT2‐immunoreactive products as well as a few cells in taste buds. VGLUT2 was co‐immunolocalized in some intragemmal nerve endings immunoreactive for Syt1, a calcium sensor implicated in vesicle membrane fusion. The present results suggest that afferent nerve endings innervating incisive taste buds release glutamate by exocytosis to modulate taste cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents a case of a 33-year-old female with an uncommon localization of a leiomyoma in the oral cavity—the anterior palatal fibromucosa and the incisive papilla. The patient referred to the Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of Emergency City Hospital Timisoara, Romania, complaining of a slight discomfort in the act of mastication and the occurrence and persistence of a diastema between the upper central incisors, due to the presence of a nodule located in the anterior palatal mucosa, between the upper central incisors, without any changes of the subjacent bone structure in the anterior hard palate visible on a cone beam computed tomography image (CBCT). The lesion was removed using a surgical excisional biopsy and a histopathological examination was performed using morphological Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining and additional immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions, in order to confirm the diagnosis. On microscopic examination, bundles of spindle cells were found with eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei, with finely granular chromatin. The immunohistochemical reactions were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin and negative for vimentin. The treatment of choice for leiomyoma of the oral cavity is surgical excision with clear margins, followed by periodical clinical monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personalization of complete dentures (CDs) may improve their acceptance by patients. This study sought to develop an individualized predictive model for central incisor length in CDs based on the relationship of the incisive papilla with central incisors. Methods: Seventy-three adult participants were included in the study. The vertical distance (VD) and horizontal distance (HD) from the incisive papilla to the central incisor margins and the mean crown heights (CHs) of both central incisors were determined and recorded along with potential confounders. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to develop a best-fit model equation for predicting the CH from the VD and HD. Results: Thirty-seven males and 36 females (mean age: 33.4 ± 7.8 years) participated in the study. The ovoid arch form (61.6%) was the most common, whereas the square-shaped arch form (4.1%) was the least common. The mean CH, HD, and VD were 10.12 ± 1.02 mm, 10.64 ± 1.36 mm, and 8.00 ± 1.19 mm, respectively. Further, 49% of CH variability (Model 1) was explained by HD (b = 0.61, t = 7.02, P < 0.001) and VD (b = 0.29, t = 3.29, P = 0.002). Participant sex (Model 2) explained another 3% CH variability (b =0.18, t = 2.09, P = 0.04). The predictive equation from Model 2 was CH (mm) = 3.28+ (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) +0.37 × participant sex. Conclusion: The central incisor CH can be predicted with 52% accuracy using the equation CH (mm) =3.28 + (0.46 × HD) + (0.22 × VD) + 0.37 × participant sex. This finding may aid the fabrication of more individualized dentures.

Background and purpose: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in complete dentures and compare that with dentate people. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the horizontal distance between the maximum prominence of labial surface of maxillary central incisors to the middle and posterior points of incisor papilla was measured using a caliper, on the casts prepared from 30 dentate patients and 30 complete dentures made in Dental School affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Results: Average distance between the midpoint of incisive papilla to the labial surface was 9.641±0.866 mm in dentate people and 8.851±1.504 mm in complete dentures. The mean distance between the posterior point of incisive papilla and the labial surface was 12.815±1.264 mm in dentate people and 10.788±1.837 mm in complete dentures. Independent t-test showed significant difference between the two groups in mean distance between the midpoint and the labial surface (0.790 mm, P

Background and purpose: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in complete dentures and compare that with dentate people. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the horizontal distance between the maximum prominence of labial surface of maxillary central incisors to the middle and posterior points of incisor papilla was measured using a caliper, on the casts prepared from 30 dentate patients and 30 complete dentures made in Dental School affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Results: Average distance between the midpoint of incisive papilla to the labial surface was 9.641±0.866 mm in dentate people and 8.851±1.504 mm in complete dentures. The mean distance between the posterior point of incisive papilla and the labial surface was 12.815±1.264 mm in dentate people and 10.788±1.837 mm in complete dentures. Independent t-test showed significant difference between the two groups in mean distance between the midpoint and the labial surface (0.790 mm, P<0.05). The distance between the posterior point and the labial surface was also found to be significantly different between the two groups (2.026±0.407 mm, P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the limitations of this study, the midpoint of incisive papilla is suggested to be more reliable than posterior point in assessing the position of anterior maxillary teeth among complete denture patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents a case of a 33-year-old female with an uncommon localization of a leiomyoma in the oral cavity—the anterior palatal fibromucosa and the incisive papilla. The patient referred to the Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of Emergency City Hospital Timisoara, Romania, complaining of a slight discomfort in the act of mastication and the occurrence and persistence of a diastema between the upper central incisors, due to the presence of a nodule located in the anterior palatal mucosa, between the upper central incisors, without any changes of the subjacent bone structure in the anterior hard palate visible on a cone beam computed tomography image (CBCT). The lesion was removed using a surgical excisional biopsy and a histopathological examination was performed using morphological Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining and additional immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions, in order to confirm the diagnosis. On microscopic examination, bundles of spindle cells were found with eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei, with finely granular chromatin. The immunohistochemical reactions were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin and negative for vimentin. The treatment of choice for leiomyoma of the oral cavity is surgical excision with clear margins, followed by periodical clinical monitoring.

The present study investigated the cellular components and afferent innervations of taste buds in the rat incisive papilla by immunohistochemistry using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Taste buds containing guanine nucleotide‐binding protein G(t), subunit α3 (GNAT3)‐imunoreactive cells were densely distributed in the lateral wall of incisive papilla forming the opening of nasoincisor ducts. GNAT3‐immunoreactive cells in the taste buds were slender in shape and the tips of apical processes gathered at one point at the surface of the epithelium. The number of taste buds was 56.8 ± 4.5 in the incisive papilla. The incisive taste buds also contained ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2‐immunoreactive cells and synaptotagmin‐1‐immunoreactive cells in addition to GNAT3‐immunoreactive cells. Furthermore, GNAT3‐immunoreactive cells were immunoreactive to taste transduction molecules such as phospholipase C, β2‐subunit, and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor, type 3. P2X3‐immunoreactive subepithelial nerve fibers intruded into the taste buds and terminated with hederiform or calix‐like nerve endings attached to GNAT3‐immunoreactive cells and synaptosomal‐associated protein, 25 kDa‐immunoreactive cells. Some P2X3‐immunoreactive endings were also weakly immunoreactive for P2X2. Furthermore, a retrograde tracing method using fast blue dye indicated that most of the P2X3‐immunoreactive nerve endings originated from the geniculate ganglia (GG) of the facial nerve. These results suggest that incisive taste buds are morphologically and cellularly homologous to lingual taste buds and are innervated by P2X3‐immunoreactive nerve endings derived from the GG. The incisive papilla may be the palatal taste papilla that transmits chemosensory information in the oral cavity to the GG via P2X3‐immunoreactive afferent nerve endings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the hard palate of Rahmani sheep (Ovis aries). Samples from nine healthy adult male sheep were investigated using morphometrical, histological and scanning electron microscopic examination. Morphologically, the hard palate was elongated, narrow rostrally, and wide caudally. The incisive papilla was heart‐shaped, flanked on both sides by a groove on which the nasopalatine duct opened. The palatine raphe was in the form of a groove that contained a ridge caudally. On both sides of the raphe, 13–15 pairs of palatine ridges were present and mainly occupying the narrow part. The wide part had a rough part that contains few ridges rostrally and a smooth part caudally. Histologically, the incisive papilla and palatine ridges were lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium resting on a dense layer of lamina propria. The incisive papilla characterized by the presence of seromucoid salivary glands and hyaline cartilage fragments in the lamina propria. The salivary glands became abundant and well‐developed in the wide part till the end of hard palate. All palatine salivary glands were Alcian blue‐periodic acid–Schiff positive. By scanning electron microscopy, numerous gland openings were scattered on the surface of the palatine ridges. In conclusion, the hard palate of Rahmani sheep presented characteristic features, which may be related to the species differences, feeding behavior, and possible functional adaptations. This is the first study to report the presence of cartilaginous segments and salivary glands in the incisive papilla and provide detailed descriptions of the Rahmani sheep hard palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The distance between the central incisor to incisive papilla (CI-IP) is constant and regarded as one of the landmarks for the placement of artificial teeth in the prosthesis. Earlier studies were done in relation to anterior border of papilla but after extraction the incisive papilla recedes changing the position of anterior border. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 dentulous subjects were divided into two groups (males and females) with 50 in each group. Maxillary alginate impressions were made and base poured using levelling instrument to standardize all casts and surveyed on the surveyor for uniformity of the casts. The measured distances were analyzed using Student t-test analysis. Results: The ovoid arch was the commonest arch form found in both males and females with slightly more prevalent in females. Analysis was done using Student t-test analysis and found that the mean distance from CI-IP was found to be at 12.85 mm and 12.39 mm in males and females, respectively. Conclusion: When square arch form (both male and female) mean CI-IP was compared with the total sample mean CI-IP, the mean CI-IP of square arch form was less than that of total sample with greater significance (P < 0.05). When ovoid arch form (both male and female) mean CI-IP was compared with the square arch form (both male and female) mean CI-IP, the mean CI-IP of ovoid arch form was greater than that of square arch form with greatest significance (P = 0).

Purpose: The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is one of the most significant anatomical markers in the anterior maxillary region. Its location is quite important, especially for implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the morphology, size, and anatomic variations of the NPC., Methods: A total of 150 individual CBCT images were assessed in various sections to evaluate the dimensions, morphology, and extent of the NPC. Reformatted sagittal images were chosen to classify the shape and course of the canal. The Student's t -test, the χ² test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used., Results: The NPC was longer in males than in females, and the mediolateral diameter of the canal was greater in older adults. In sagittal sections, the canal predominantly exhibits a cylindrical shape, while a spindle shape is the least common. In coronal sections, a single shape is most frequently observed, with a Y-shape being the least common. Regarding the orientation of the canal, slanted canals are more prevalent, whereas vertically curved canals are rare. Typically, 2 canal openings are observed, with 4 openings being the least common., Conclusion: The current study highlights the challenges associated with identifying the anatomical appearance and variations of the NPC. Consequently, possessing a thorough understanding of this anatomy is essential before undertaking any surgical procedures, such as implant placement. This knowledge helps prevent complications such as nerve injury-related loss of sensation, bleeding due to blood vessel injury, and the development of a nasopalatine duct cyst following trauma to the canal during surgery., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024. Korean Academy of Periodontology.)

Aim: This case report aims to describe a rare congenital lesion of the incisive papilla with a high labial frenulum attachment, clinically mimicking congenital epulis but histopathologically diagnosed as an oral leiomyomatous hamartoma., Background: Oral leiomyomatous hamartoma is a very rare congenital lesion, mainly appearing on the median anterior maxilla/incisive papilla and tongue., Case Description: This clinical paper is about a rare lesion in a 6-year-old female child whose parents reported to the department with the complaint of slow-growing soft tissue overgrowth between the front teeth of the upper jaw, present since birth. The soft tissue growth is now causing difficulty in biting food and is visible during smiling and speaking, causing an esthetically unpleasing appearance. The clinical examination also revealed a high labial frenulum attached to the lesion. The lesion was provisionally diagnosed as congenital epulis based on the clinical picture. However, after excisional biopsy and histologic evaluation with special stains, the lesion was finally diagnosed as leiomyomatous hamartoma., Conclusion: Surgical excision of the lesion followed by frenectomy was performed with no postoperative complications., Clinical Significance: Owing to the rare occurrence and nature of mimicking congenital epulis, it is important for a dental practitioner to have knowledge about these types of lesions. The final diagnosis of such lesions can only be made after histopathological evaluation using special stains. This case report describes the clinical and histopathological features of a rare leiomyomatous hamartoma of the incisive papilla, along with high frenulum attachment and its management., How to Cite This Article: Pal SS, Khan SA, Navit S, et al. Leiomyomatous Hamartoma of Incisive Papilla with High Frenal Attachment: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(6):717-722., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Patient consent statement: The author(s) have obtained written informed consent from the patient’s parents/legal guardians for publication of the case report details and related images.Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2024; The Author(s).)

The present study investigated the morphology of the palate of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Samples from 12 healthy adult rabbits were examined by gross observation, morphometry, scanning electron and light microscopy. The hard palate was elongated and narrowed rostrally. The incisive papilla appeared as a diamond‐shaped prominence flanked on both sides by a groove on which a slit‐like opening of the nasopalatine duct opened. The palatine raphe was in the form of a groove. On either side of the raphe, 14–16 palatine ridges were present. The direction of these ridges differed according to their position. An incomplete (short) palatine ridge was occasionally present at the caudal part of the hard palate. Several gland openings were scattered on the surface of the palatine ridges. The soft palate extended to about the middle of epiglottis caudally. Its ventral surface had numerous thin transverse mucosal folds separated by furrows, and several openings of glands. Histologically, the incisive papilla, palatine ridges, and soft palate were lined by a parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium resting on a dense connective layer of lamina propria. The degree of keratinization and the thickness of the lamina propria decreased caudally. Seromucoid glands were present in the rostral and caudal parts of the hard palate, as well as in the soft palate. In conclusion, the palate of rabbit presented characteristic features suggesting functional adaptations for their herbivores diet. Studying the morphological characteristics of the hard and soft palate of rabbits will help veterinary practitioners to investigate pathology malformations and diseases of the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this report is to describe symptoms that can suggest the presence of a patent nasopalatine duct and to illustrate three cases. Summary: Patent nasopalatine ducts connecting the oral cavity with the nasal cavity are extremely rare. This malformation can be considered a developmental abnormality. Clinically, patent nasopalatine ducts appear as single or double spherical or oval apertures lateral or posterior to the incisive papilla. This type of anatomical malformation can be associated with an unclear pain sensation in the anterior maxillary region, which may be misinterpreted for example as toothache of endodontic origin. However, persisting nasopalatine ducts can also exist as an asymptomatic abnormality with no clinical sign of discomfort. Accordingly, understanding the differential diagnosis of a possible patent nasopalatine duct can prevent a general practitioner from performing unnecessary interventions, such as endodontic treatments, apical surgeries, or tooth extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic reactive growth commonly found in the oral cavity and skin. It is benign in origin and may arise due to factors like trauma, local minor irritation and an imbalance in the levels of hormones. Oral pyogenic granuloma occurs commonly in young females in second decade of their life possibly due to hormonal influences leading to changes in the vascular system. Oral pyogenic granuloma presents itself as a smooth or lobulated growth, mostly pedunculated but occasionally with a sessile growth. The colour of pyogenic granuloma may vary from pink, red and purple and this variation in colour is related to the age of the lesion. Clinically the most common site for oral pyogenic granuloma is gingiva, lips, tongue and buccal mucosa. This report presents a unique location for oral pyogenic granuloma at incisive papilla. Palatal pyogenic granuloma is rarely reported.

Context: The incisive papilla as a guide for complete dentures. Aims: To evaluate incisive papilla as a guide to maxillary anterior teeth position for complete dentures. Settings and Design: To measure the linear distances from the incisive papilla to the maxillary central incisors in Odia population and compare it to other ethnic groups. Subjects and Methods: The subjects were selected following inclusion & exclusion criteria. The impressions of maxillary & mandibular arches were taken and poured with die stone to produce the cast. The incisive papilla & incisors were marked on casts with a pencil. The photographs of casts were traced on an acetate tracing paper. The anterior-most points of maxillary incisors, anterior, middle & posterior-most points of incisive papillae were marked on the tracing as A, I1,M, I2 respectively. The A to M and A to I2 distances were measured, analysed and compared with Caucasians, Southern Chinese, and Dravidians. Statistical Analysis: Independent sample “t” test and Analysis of Variance followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni test were used. Results: A sample of 100 subjects in the age group of 20 to 40 years with was selected. The A to M measurements of Odia population differed significantly from Caucasians but were similar to Southern Chinese population. The A to I2 measurements of Odia population differed significantly from Caucasians & Dravidians but were similar to Southern Chinese. Conclusion: The linear measurements from incisive papilla to maxillary incisors of the Odia population are similar to that of Southern Chinese but differ significantly from Caucasians and Dravidians.

Introduction: Incisive papilla has been used as a fixed anatomical landmark to guide teeth arrangement. However, controversy exists in literature whether to use anterior, middle, or posterior border of the incisive papilla for the determination of position of maxillary canines. Hence, a study was planned to ascertain the location of the incisive papilla to the intercanine line in a sample of population reporting to a teaching institute in Moradabad. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 participants aged 20–40 years were selected for the study. Impressions of the maxillary arches were made, and the casts were poured. The anterior point, midpoint, and posterior point of the incisive papilla and the tips of canines were marked on the cast. Photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0. The intercanine line was analyzed to assess whether it passed through the anterior, middle, or posterior border of the incisive papilla. Results: The Chi-square test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) of intercanine line in relation to different borders of the incisive papilla. The intercanine line passed through the anterior border of the incisive papilla in 8% of the participants, the middle border in 33.5% of the participants, between the middle and posterior border in 17.5% of the participants, and the posterior border in 41% of the participants. Conclusions: It was concluded that the intercanine line passed through the posterior border of the incisive papilla in maximum cases followed by the middle third, middle-posterior, and least through the anterior border of the incisive papilla. Hence, the posterior border of the incisive papilla is a reliable indicator for the placement of maxillary canines.

Context: The study of palatal rugae forms an important basis of human identification, especially due to mass disasters where routinely used techniques may not be helpful. Aims: This study aimed at evaluating the palatal rugae and incisive papilla on the basis of shape. Settings and Design: The study was conducted in 280 individuals (males and females) among dental students of Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences. Materials and Methods: The study included 280 students from Dayananda Sagar College and out-patients from the orthodontics department. Pictures of rugae and the incisive papilla were taken from individuals aged 10–36 using a camera, mirror, and lighting. Two investigators analysed the shape of the rugae and incisive papilla using classification systems by Thomas and Kotze, and Ortman and Tsao, respectively. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 20.0 software, and a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was used. Results: The results suggested that rugae showing a wavy shape were the most common pattern in both the genders. Significant differences were observed in the curved rugae type between males and females. In incisive papillae evaluation, the pear shape was the most common, with the triangular shape being the least common. Conclusions: It can be concluded that evaluation of palatal rugae along with the incisive papilla can be an important tool for identification of an individual and for evaluating various ethnic populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incisive papilla has been considered a stable anatomic landmarks and various measurements from it have been considered while arranging prosthetic teeth in full dentures. Distance from incisive papilla to the incisal edges of maxillary central incisors and the canine tips have been measured in population of different race and ethnicity. The results vary as per variation of anthropometric parameters of people across the word. This study compared those distances among two prevalent ethnic population of Nepal viz. Aryans and Mongoloids. Two hundred subjects from each ethnic descendant were studied comprising 100 males and 100 females. Maxillary dentate casts were obtained. Distance from center of Incisive papilla to the incisal edges of maxillary central incisors and canine tips were measured using a Vernier's caliper. Data obtained were analyzed using a software SPSS version 11.5. Mean distance from the center of incisive papilla to the central incisors were 9.68 mm for Aryans and 8.35 mm for Mongoloids, the difference being statistically significant (p <0.001). Distance from papilla to the right canine tips were 17.04 mm for Aryans and 16.29 mm for mongoloids, and to the left canine tips were 17.02 mm for Aryans and 16.31 mm for Mongoloids. All the differences were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). With different ethnic variation the anthropometric measurement varies similarly as these dental measurements. Hence while implementing in practice these factors need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The distance between the central incisor to incisive papilla (CI‑IP) is constant and regarded as one of the landmarks for the placement of artificial teeth in the prosthesis. Earlier studies were done in relation to anterior border of papilla but after extraction the incisive papilla recedes changing the position of anterior border. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 dentulous subjects were divided into two groups (males and females) with 50 in each group. Maxillary alginate impressions were made and base poured using levelling instrument to standardize all casts and surveyed on the surveyor for uniformity of the casts. The measured distances were analyzed using Student t‑test analysis. Results: The ovoid arch was the commonest arch form found in both males and females with slightly more prevalent in females. Analysis was done using Student t‑test analysis and found that the mean distance from CI‑IP was found to be at 12.85 mm and 12.39 mm in males and females, respectively. Conclusion: When square arch form (both male and female) mean CI‑IP was compared with the total sample mean CI‑IP, the mean CI‑IP of square arch form was less than that of total sample with greater significance (P < 0.05). When ovoid arch form (both male and female) mean CI‑IP was compared with the square arch form (both male and female) mean CI‑IP, the mean CI‑IP of ovoid arch form was greater than that of square arch form with greatest significance (P = 0). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Identification and establishment of the occlusal plane in patients with impaired occlusal plane, presents a major hurdle for the execution of natural esthetics, speech, and function. The aim of this study was to minimize such errors while occlusal rehabilitation, and employ hamular notchincisive papilla (H.I.P) plane as landmark and scribe it on the cast using H. I. P evaluator and utilise for occlusal corrections. Settings and Design: HIP plane being parallel to the occlusal plane could ease the operator when it could be scribed on cast to analyze and restore the compromised occlusal plane. Materials and Methods: Dentulous casts of two hundred participants were mounted on the Hanau Wide--Vue articulator. Reference points were marked on the maxillary right central incisor and maxillary molars on casts for attaining different occlusal planes, the incisive papilla and hamular notch region were also marked for HIP plane. A plane parallel HIP was scribed on cast using HIP Evaluator. The casts were then scanned using a three-dimensional coordinate measuring machine attached to perception V5 laser scanner and measurements were made using Geomagic X design software. The most parallel occlusal plane to HIP plane was evaluated, and the reliability of HIP evaluator was verified. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA test, Post hoc-Bonferroni test, and independent sample "t"-test were carried out for the comparison between occlusal planes, among the genders and for the analysis of the angle of deviation of scribed plane on the cast to HIP plane on the right and left sides. Results: Occlusal plane III (Mesio-labial incisal edge of upper right central incisor to Mesio-buccal cusp tips of upper second molars) showed least angle of deviation with 1.316° ± 1.158° to HIP plane among tested subjects. There is no significant difference between the genders. The plane scribed on the cast with H. I. P evaluator showed relative parallelism to H. I. P plane with minimum deviation of 0.010° ± 0.363°. Conclusion: Occlusal plane III is more parallel to H. I. P plane. Scribed plane on the cast using H. I. P evaluator is parallel to H. I. P plane. H. I. P evaluator can be used as an alternative tool to establish the occlusal plane to rehabilitate patient with deficient dentition or disordered occlusal plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Incisive papilla has been used as a fixed anatomical landmark to guide teeth arrangement. However, controversy exists in literature whether to use anterior, middle, or posterior border of the incisive papilla for the determination of position of maxillary canines. Hence, a study was planned to ascertain the location of the incisive papilla to the intercanine line in a sample of population reporting to a teaching institute in Moradabad. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 participants aged 20-40 years were selected for the study. Impressions of the maxillary arches were made, and the casts were poured. The anterior point, midpoint, and posterior point of the incisive papilla and the tips of canines were marked on the cast. Photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0. The intercanine line was analyzed to assess whether it passed through the anterior, middle, or posterior border of the incisive papilla. Results: The Chi-square test revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) of intercanine line in relation to different borders of the incisive papilla. The intercanine line passed through the anterior border of the incisive papilla in 8% of the participants, the middle border in 33.5% of the participants, between the middle and posterior border in 17.5% of the participants, and the posterior border in 41% of the participants. Conclusions: It was concluded that the intercanine line passed through the posterior border of the incisive papilla in maximum cases followed by the middle third, middle-posterior, and least through the anterior border of the incisive papilla. Hence, the posterior border of the incisive papilla is a reliable indicator for the placement of maxillary canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The incisive papilla as a guide for complete dentures.Aims: To evaluate incisive papilla as a guide to maxillary anterior teeth position for complete dentures.Settings and Design: To measure the linear distances from the incisive papilla to the maxillary central incisors in Odia population and compare it to other ethnic groups.Subjects and Methods: The subjects were selected following inclusion & exclusion criteria. The impressions of maxillary & mandibular arches were taken and poured with die stone to produce the cast. The incisive papilla & incisors were marked on casts with a pencil. The photographs of casts were traced on an acetate tracing paper. The anterior-most points of maxillary incisors, anterior, middle & posterior-most points of incisive papillae were marked on the tracing as A, I1,M, I2 respectively. The A to M and A to I2 distances were measured, analysed and compared with Caucasians, Southern Chinese, and Dravidians.Statistical Analysis: Independent sample "t" test and Analysis of Variance followed by the post-hoc Bonferroni test were used.Results: A sample of 100 subjects in the age group of 20 to 40 years with was selected. The A to M measurements of Odia population differed significantly from Caucasians but were similar to Southern Chinese population. The A to I2 measurements of Odia population differed significantly from Caucasians & Dravidians but were similar to Southern Chinese.Conclusion: The linear measurements from incisive papilla to maxillary incisors of the Odia population are similar to that of Southern Chinese but differ significantly from Caucasians and Dravidians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: The incisive papilla remains relatively constant in position and is frequently used as an anatomic landmark for anterior teeth. Several attempts have been made to use the incisive papilla as guides to arrange maxillary anterior teeth for edentulous patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and the incisive papilla, while comparing the findings with the classical estimate value. Materials and methods: Horizontal distances between the labial surface of the central incisors and the incisive papilla [the distance from the labial surface of the central incisors and the posterior border of the incisive papilla (CPIP), the distance from the labial surface of the central incisors and the anterior border of the incisive papilla (CAIP), and the distance from the labial surface of the central incisors and the center of the incisive papilla (CCIP)] and the size of the incisive papilla (SIP) were measured by a digital caliper on the stone casts formed for 103 dentate persons. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate and quantify the correlation, while simple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the association between the variables (α = 0.05). Results: Pearson correlation coefficients for SIP and the distance between the labial surface of the central incisors and the incisive papilla (CPIP, CAIP, and CCIP) were significant (P

Congenital soft-tissue tumors of oral cavity are mostly hyperplastic and benign in nature. This article presents an unusual case of congenital subcutaneous hamartoma of incisive papilla in a 2-year-old female child causing feeding and breathing difficulty. Total excisional biopsy was done under local anesthesia. Histopathology of tissue in reticulin-stained slide showed the presence of immature muscle fibers whereas Masson's trichrome stain revealed collagen fibers and smooth muscles confirming the diagnosis of oral midline subcutaneous smooth muscle (leiomyomatous) hamartoma of incisive papilla. It is important for dental professionals to be aware of this oral lesion present from birth mimicking overgrowth of incisive papilla, by its presentation, differential diagnosis, histopathology, and management.

Hemangioma is a common tumor characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels. It is often congenital in nature and usually but not invariably follows a benign course. Hemangioma is often present at birth, but may become more apparent later in life. Capillary hemangioma is known to have a significant predilection for lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. This case report describes a hemangioma at an unusual site which is seldom reported earlier in the published literature. Despite being benign in nature, hemangiomas are of clinical importance to the dental professionals as they may pose serious bleeding risk. Because of their uncommon clinical presentations they may mimic other gingival lesions; hence, dental practitioners need to be aware of these lesions.

Certain extra-oral landmarks such as the philtrum, ala of the nose, pupils, canthus of the eye, and various distances in the face have been related to the size and shape of teeth and arch form to obtain values which would guide in the selection and arrangement of teeth in the complete denture. In the maxillary complete denture, it is desirable to place the anterior teeth as close as possible to a position occupied in natural dentition to achieve "realism." Several investigators have extensively studied the relationship of the incisive papilla to the labial surface of incisor teeth in the horizontal plane and suggested certain values which are useful to set the incisor teeth in dentures. In the past one of the pre-extraction landmarks, namely the incisive papilla has been shown to be a stable and definitive anatomic landmark as a guide to arranging artificial anterior teeth in an anterior-posterior position, and this is documented by the findings of several authors. Although several studies have been conducted earlier to investigate the horizontal relationship of the incisive papilla to the labial surfaces of maxillary central incisors, there is a paucity of data on the vertical relationship between the incisive papilla and the incisal edges of maxillary central incisors. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to find out the relationship of incisive papilla with artificial teeth arrangements in completely edentulous patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunohistochemistry for several neurochemical substances was performed on the human incisive papilla and other oral structures. Sodium channel alpha subunit 7 (SCN7A) protein-immunoreactive (IR) Schwann cells and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-IR nerve fibers made nerve plexuses beneath the epithelium of the palate, including the incisive papilla, tongue, and lip. SCN7A immunoreactivity could also be detected in lamellated and nonlamellated capsules of corpuscle endings. Lamellated SCN7A-IR corpuscle endings were mostly restricted to the mucous and cutaneous lips. These endings had thick and spiral-shaped PGP 9.5-IR axons without ramification. Nonlamellated SCN7A-IR corpuscle endings were most numerous in the incisive papilla among the oral regions. On the basis of axonal morphology, the nonlamellated endings were divided into simple and complex types. PGP 9.5-IR terminal axons in the simple type ran straight or meandered with slight ramification, whereas those in the complex type were densely entangled with abundant ramification. Substance P (SP)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2)-IR varicose fibers were rarely seen beneath the epithelium of oral structures. The present study indicates that the human incisive papilla has many low-threshold mechanoreceptors with nonlamellated capsules. SP-, CGRP-, and TRPV2-containing nociceptors may be infrequent in the incisive papilla and other oral regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nasopalatine region is composed of structures such as the vomeronasal organ and nasopalatine duct. The nasopalatine duct may provide the communication of the mouth to the nasal cavity in human fetuses and can be obliterated in an adult human. Knowledge on the development of the nasopalatine region and nasopalatine duct in humans is necessary for understanding the morphology and etiopathogenesis of lesions that occur in this region. Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the morphological aspects of the nasopalatine region in human fetuses and correlate these aspects with the development of pathologies in this region. Material and Methods Five human fetuses with no facial or palatine abnormalities were used for the acquisition of specimens from the nasopalatine region. After demineralization, the specimens were histologically processed. Histological cuts were stained with methylene blue to orient the cutting plane and hematoxylin-eosin for the descriptive histological analysis. Results The age of the fetuses was 8.00, 8.25, 9.00 and 9.25 weeks, and it was not possible to determine the age in the last one. The incisive canal was observed in all specimens as an opening delimited laterally by the periosteum and connecting oral and nasal cavity. The nasopalatine duct is an epithelial structure with the greatest morphological variation, with either unilateral or bilateral occurrence and total patent, partial patent and islet forms. The vomeronasal organ is a bilateral epithelized structure located alongside the nasal septum above the incisive canal in all the fetuses. Conclusions The incisive canal, nasopalatine duct and vomeronasal organ are distinct anatomic structures. The development of nasopalatine duct cysts may occur in all forms of the nasopalatine duct.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the natural denture cleanser saturated salt solution on disinfection of C. albicans for the maxillary complete denture (An in vivo study). Mate-rials and Methods: An in vivo study testing anti fungal efficiency of the natural denture cleanser satu-rated salt solution on disinfection of C. albicans for 60 patient wearing maxillary complete denture by using light microscope with camera and connected to computer. The swab was taken from the fitting surface of the denture of about 2.5 cm following the median line starting from incisive papilla. This study compared the effect of disinfection between before and after immersion in distilled water (Con-trol), saturated salt solution (Iraq), and protefix(Germany). Results: The results demonstrated that there were significant differences between salt solution and distilled water, that there were no signifi-cant differences between salt solution and protefix at p=0.05. Conclusions: saturated salt solution was very efficient for disinfection of C. albicans for acrylic denture base material.

The use of the incisive papilla as an important guide for setting maxillary teeth has been applied in prosthetic dentistry. The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and the incisive papilla of young adults with approximately optimal occlusion in Taiwan. Study casts of 100 young adults (50 males, 50 females; mean age, 22.4 years) were selected in this study. All of the marked points on maxillary casts were measured using a three-dimensional precise measuring device. The relative positions of maxillary teeth landmarks to incisive papilla were measured and analyzed using SAS software (JMP 4.02). Student's t test and Pearson's correlation test were used to test the statistical significance of any differences (p < 0.05). The results showed that the mesiolabial incisal edge of the upper central incisor was 7.30 ± 0.64mm anterior to the center of the incisive papilla. There was no significant difference in gender (p > 0.05). The intercanine line was 0.27 ± 1.30 mm posterior to the center of incisive papilla. There was no significant difference in gender (p > 0.05). The horizontal distances of the mesiolabial incisal edge of the upper central incisor and the intercanine line to the center of the incisive papilla showed only weak correlation (r < 0.5). In addition, the three-dimensional relationship of maxillary anterior teeth to the center of the incisive papilla was measured and analyzed. We suggest using the incisive papilla as a reference landmark for the setting of maxillary anterior teeth.

Background/purpose The incisive papilla remains relatively constant in position and is frequently used as an anatomic landmark for anterior teeth. Several attempts have been made to use the incisive papilla as guides to arrange maxillary anterior teeth for edentulous patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and the incisive papilla, while comparing the findings with the classical estimate value. Materials and methods Horizontal distances between the labial surface of the central incisors and the incisive papilla [the distance from the labial surface of the central incisors and the posterior border of the incisive papilla (CPIP), the distance from the labial surface of the central incisors and the anterior border of the incisive papilla (CAIP), and the distance from the labial surface of the central incisors and the center of the incisive papilla (CCIP)] and the size of the incisive papilla (SIP) were measured by a digital caliper on the stone casts formed for 103 dentate persons. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate and quantify the correlation, while simple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the association between the variables (α = 0.05). Results Pearson correlation coefficients for SIP and the distance between the labial surface of the central incisors and the incisive papilla (CPIP, CAIP, and CCIP) were significant (P < 0.05). A simple linear regression analysis of the data was performed, which showed that SIP contributed significantly to the prediction of the distances between the labial surface of the central incisors and the incisive papilla (CPIP and CCIP; P < 0.05). Conclusion Using regression methods within the population tested, it was determined that the distance between the labial surface of the central incisors and the incisive papilla could be predicted by the size of the incisive papilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of the dental midline is necessary in most dental procedures."nOne of the methods to fulfill this goal is to determine the facial midline based on the midpoints of the"nforehead, nose, upper lip and chin. However, for various reasons, this method has not always been"nproved successful. In such cases, different techniques, based on the investigations in the edentulous"npatients, have been suggested."nPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the conformity of some landmarks such as labial"nfrenum, incisive papilla and mid palatal suture with dental and facial midlines among people with natural"ndentition in order to obtain accurate anatomic landmarks for denture replacement."nMaterials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 96 dental students, having all their permanent teeth"nand without any orthognathic problem, were chosen. For each subject, Alginate impressions and dental"ncasts were prepared. Then, centric occlusion was recorded with a biting wax and the facial mid line was"ndetermined on the anterior part of it. The distances from the facial midline to the upper teeth midline,"nincisive papilla, labial frenum and mid palatal suture were determined with a special tool and were"nmeasured by a VERNIEH two times. In order to analyze the results, Chi- Square and t-student tests were"nused."nResults: The average of facial midline distance to the upper teeth midline, the labial frenum, the incisive"npapilla and the mid palatal suture were 0.83±0.60, 0.67±G.54, 0.83±00.63 and 0.81±0.62 mm,"nrespectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. Labial frenum showed the"nminimum distance to the facial midline, while the incisive papilla had the maximum. There was no"nsignificant difference between these anatomic landmarks, in conformity or unconformity with the facial"nmidline"nConclusion: Considering the low percentage of the subjects with complete conformity and the lack of"nsignificant differences between these three landmarks, it is suggested that there is no superiority among"nthese landmarks for the determination of facial midline. The similar distances from the facial midline to"nthe incisive papilla and upper teeth midline indicate that using incisive papilla to determine the upper"nteeth midline in edentulous patients lead to normal face.