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Background: Uterine fibroids are the most frequent benign tumor of the female reproductive system, with a significantly lower frequency in pregnancy. This could be due to the fact that uterine fibroids are linked to infertility and low implantation rates following in vitro fertilization (IVF). The goal of this study was to look at the obstetrics outcomes of uterine fibroids and their consequences in a tertiary hospital., Materials and Methods: The current study was a observational cohort study that evaluated the cases of pregnancy with fibroid. Study was undertaken at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGY) at a medical college in central India and it was conducted over a period of nine months from 1st November 2021 to 31st July 2022. All pregnant women who had an ultrasonography (USG)-documented uterine fibroid diagnosed prenatally or antenatally were enrolled. All demographic information, laboratory and USG results were noted and their mode of delivery, obstetric complications, if any, and neonatal outcomes were evaluated., Results: A total of 110 cases were enrolled as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of patients (42.73%) were in the 26- to 30-year-old age group. In this study, the majority of cases were carried to term (80.9%). The most prevalent mode of delivery was caesarean section (61.82%). Major complications during pregnancy were threatened preterm labor (21.82%), and blood transfusion (20.00%), whereas postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 9.09% cases, and 47 patients (42.72%) were asymptomatic throughout pregnancy. Major neonatal outcomes in our study were neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization (20%), required neonatal resuscitation (14.55%), and neonatal mortality occurring in 1.82% cases. Gestational age at termination of pregnancy, when compared with different characteristics of fibroid, like type (p value 0.663), location (p value 0.552) and number of fibroid (p value 0.112), did not show any significant association. Similarly, maternal complications also did not show significant association (p value >0.05) with different characters of fibroid.  Conclusion: Pregnancies with fibroid are high-risk pregnancies that are linked to difficulties throughout the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods, as well as increased chances of cesarean delivery and PPH., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Choudhary et al.)

Context: Availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has helped to decrease morbidity and increase the longevity of children living with Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (CLHIV/CLHA). These children require the special involvement of family members for adherence to care and support programs. Long-term caregiving stress can result in physical, social, emotional, and medical consequences for both the caregiver and the CLHIV. This study explores the burden and needs for support among CLHIV caregivers., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at an ART Centre of Tertiary level Health Care Institute among 126 caregivers of CLHIV pretested and piloted semi-structured questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBIS) were employed to assess study objectives. Descriptive statistics and caregiver burden scoring were calculated. ZBIS score of 22 and above were considered additional burden for caregivers., Results: Mean age of caregivers was 34 ± 7.15 years. Among 126 CLHIV caregivers, 116 were female, while 110 had positive HIV serostatus. Ninety-seven percent disclosed their and the child's status to one or more family members. Mean caregiver ZBIS was 25 ± 7.08 with 71.5% caregivers having mild-to-severe levels of burden. Around 85% of caregivers knew correctly about four routes of HIV transmission although 8.7% had misconception regarding HIV transmission., Conclusions: ZBIS assessment shows emotional, financial, and future of child-related burden among CLHIV caregivers. There were gaps in the knowledge about HIV transmission, care and support needs of the CLHIV. The acquisition of HIV from parents in CLHIV suggests the need of strengthening the prevention of parent-to-child transmission program in Indian settings., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Indian Journal of Community Medicine.)

Background: Early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinomas is essential for improving survival. In this regard, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) has established itself as the method of choice for its ability to target lesions smaller than those which could be targeted by the traditional imaging methods like transabdominal ultrasound. Identifying these tumors correctly on FNA may be challenging because pancreatic adenocarcinomas may show a wide range of morphological features and the presence of contaminants from the gastrointestinal tract may show up as potential pitfalls. This study presents detailed cytomorphological analyses of 59 cases reported as pancreatic adenocarcinomas on smears and cell blocks. The clinical and histopathology follow-up data wherever available have also been presented., Materials and Methods: EUS-FNAC smears and cell blocks from cases reported as pancreatic adenocarcinomas were retrospectively evaluated with individual assessments of a range of features related to cellularity, cellular arrangement, cytoplasmic qualities, and nuclear features. Aspirates from peripancreatic lymph nodes, histopathology sections, and clinical records were reviewed wherever available., Results: Nonneoplastic cells like pancreatic ductal cells and acinar cells, duodenal, and gastric epithelia were detected along with neoplastic cells showing a wide range of variations in different cytomorphological characters. Often, a mixture of features was noted in the same case. Cell block preparations served as useful adjuncts since they made it possible to render unequivocal diagnoses of malignancies in cases where smears were hypocellular., Conclusion: The study creates a useful knowledge base of cytomorphological features of pancreatic adenocarcinomas., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Cytology.)

L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine), a modified amino acid, is an expansively used drug for the Parkinson's disease treatment. In the present study, optimization of nutritional parameters influencing L-DOPA production was attempted using the response surface methodology (RSM) from Mucuna monosperma callus. Optimization of the four factors was carried out using the Box-Behnken design. The optimized levels of factors predicted by the model include tyrosine 0.894 g l(-1), pH 4.99, ascorbic acid 31.62 mg l(-1)and copper sulphate 23.92 mg l(-1), which resulted in highest L-DOPA yield of 0.309 g l(-1). The optimization of medium using RSM resulted in a 3.45-fold increase in the yield of L-DOPA. The ANOVA analysis showed a significant R (2) value (0.9912), model F-value (112.465) and probability (0.0001), with insignificant lack of fit. Optimized medium was used in the laboratory scale column reactor for continuous production of L-DOPA. Uninterrupted flow column exhibited maximum L-DOPA production rate of 200 mg L(-1) h(-1) which is one of the highest values ever reported using plant as a biotransformation source. L-DOPA production was confirmed by HPTLC and HPLC analysis. This study demonstrates the synthesis of L- DOPA using Mucuna monosperma callus using a laboratory scale column reactor.

The objective of the study was to execute mutant bacteria for efficient biodegradation of sulfonated azo dye, Green HE4B (GHE4B). UV irradiation was used to introduce random mutations in Pseudomonas sp. LBC1. Genetic alterations induced by UV irradiation in selected mutant bacteria were confirmed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA technique. The mutant bacteria named as Pseudomonas sp. 1 F reduced the time required for complete degradation of recalcitrant dye GHE4B by 25 % when compared with the wild one. The biodegradation was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Activities of enzymes like laccase, lignin peroxidase, veratryl alcohol oxidase, and NADH dichlorophenol indophenol reductase were found to be boosted in mutant bacteria as a consequence of UV-induced mutation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight analysis of differentially expressed proteins of mutant bacteria suggested active role of antioxidant enzymes in the degradation of the dye. The degradation product was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results revealed few variations in the degradation end products of wild-type and mutant bacteria. Phytotoxicity study underlined the safer biodegradation of GHE4B by mutant Pseudomonas sp. 1 F.

Objective: To study serum gonadotropin (FSH, LH) levels in cases of subclinical and overt hypothyroid women in reproductive age group., Material and Method: Female patients of reproductive age group attending thyroid clinic of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Hospital were included in the study. Detail menstrual history was taken, and serum FSH and LH levels were estimated by radio immuno assay method., Result: Eighty patients were included in the study, out of whom 46 (57.5%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 34 (42.5%) had overt hypothyroidism. In subclinical hypothyroidism group the menstrual dysfunction which dominated in our study was oligomenorrhea (28.2%) followed by menorrhagia (17.39%). 39.13% had normal menstruation. In overt hypothyroidism group again it was oligomenorrhoea (23.5%) which was the principal menstrual abnormality followed by menorrhagia (17.64%). The percentage of females with normal menstruation was 47.05%. The levels of serum FSH and LH were significantly low in cases of both subclinical and overt hypothyroid women. They were significantly low when done between day 2 and 5 of the cycle., Conclusion: Hypothyroidism decreases levels of serum FSH and serum LH. Subclinical hypothyroidism is one of the major etiological factors of infertility. Autoantibodies against thyroid should be searched for in cases of female patients with infertility.

Aims and Objectives: To study the accuracy of hysteroscopy in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding and to correlate hysteroscopic findings with histopathologic findings., Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at AVBRH and JNMC, Sawangi (M), Wardha, from May 2006 to September 2008. One hundred cases were selected for this study from patients of age group 18 and above, who were admitted with the history of abnormal uterine bleeding. Hysteroscopic examination was done in all patients post-menstrually, whenever possible, except in those cases where menstrual cycles were grossly irregular or patients came with continuous bleeding per vaginum. The patients then underwent dilatation and curettage and endometrium was sent for histopathologic examination. The correlation between findings on hysteroscopy and histopathologic examination was tabulated., Results: FOLLOWING WERE THE FINDINGS ON HYSTEROSCOPY: proliferative 34%, secretary 16%, hyperplasia 18%, atrophic 8%, endometrial polyp 9%, submucous myoma 11%, carcinoma of endometrium 03%, misplaced Cu-T 1%., Conclusion: In patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, hyster-oscopy provides more accurate dia-gnosis than dilatation and curettage.