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1. Effect of second booster vaccinations and prior infection against SARS-CoV-2 in the UK SIREN healthcare worker cohortResearch in context

Author

Peter D. Kirwan, Victoria J. Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Ashley D. Otter, Katie Munro, Dominic Sparkes, Anna Howells, Naomi Platt, Jonathan Broad, David Crossman, Chris Norman, Diane Corrigan, Christopher H. Jackson, Michelle Cole, Colin S. Brown, Ana Atti, Jasmin Islam, Anne M. Presanis, Andre Charlett, Daniela De Angelis, Susan Hopkins, Tracy Lewis, Steve Bain, Rebeccah Thomas, John Geen, Carla Pothecary, Sean Cutler, John Northfield, Cathy Price, Johanne Tomlinson, Sarah Knight, Emily Macnaughton, Ekaterina Watson, Rajeka Lazarus, Aaran Sinclair, Joanne Galliford, Bridgett Masunda, Tabitha Mahungu, Alison Rodger, Esther Hanison, Simon Warren, Swati Jain, Mariyam Mirfenderesky, Natasha Mahabir, Rowan Pritchard-Jones, Diane Wycherley, Claire Gabriel, Elijah Matovu, Philippa Bakker, Simantee Guha, S. Gormley, James Pethick, Georgina Butt, Stacey Pepper, Luke Bedford, Paul Ridley, Jane Democratis, Manjula Meda, Anu Chawla, Fran Westwell, Nagesh Kalakonda, Sheena Khanduri, Allison Doel, Sumita Pai, Christian Hacon, Davis Nwaka, Veronica Mendez Moro, A. Moody, Cressida Auckland, Stephanie Prince, Thushan de Silva, Helen Shulver, A. Shah, C. Jones, Banerjee Subhro-Osuji, Angela Houston, Tim Planche, Martin Booth, Christopher Duff, Jonnie Aeron-Thomas, Ray Chaudhuri, David Hilton, Hannah Jory, Zehra'a Al-Khafaji, Philippa Kemsley, Ruth Longfellow, David Boss, Simon Brake, Louise Coke, Ngozi Elumogo, Scott Latham, Chinari Subudhi, Ina Hoad, Claire Thomas, Nihil Chitalia, Tracy Edmunds, Helen Ashby, John Elliott, Beverley Wilkinson, Abby Rand, Catherine Thompson, K. Agwuh, Anna Grice, Kelly Moran, Vijayendra Waykar, Yvonne Lester, Lauren Sach, Kathryn Court, Nikki White, Clair Favager, Kyra Holliday, Jayne Harwood, Brendan Payne, Karen Burns, Lynda Fothergill, Alejandro Arenas-Pinto, Abigail Severn, Kerryanne Brown, Katherine Gray, Jane Dare, Qi Zheng, Kathryn Hollinshead, Robert Shorten, Alun Roebuck, Christopher Holmes, Martin Wiselka, Barzo Faris, Liane Marsh, Clare McAdam, Lisa Ditchfield, Zaman Qazzafi, G. Boyd, N. Wong, Sarah Brand, Jack Squires, John Ashcroft, Ismaelette Del Rosario, Joanne Howard, Emma Ward, Gemma Harrison, Joely Morgan, Claire Corless, Ruth Penn, Nick Wong, Manny Bagary, Nadezda Starkova, Mandy Beekes, Mandy Carnahan, Shivani Khan, Shekoo Mackay, Keneisha Lewis, Graham Pickard, Joy Dawson, Lauren Finlayson, Euan Cameron, Anne Todd, Sebastien Fagegaltier, Sally Mavin, Alexandra Cochrane, Andrew Gibson, Sam Donaldson, Kate Templeton, Martin Malcolm, Beth Smith, Devesh Dhasmana, Susan Fowler, Antonia Ho, Michael Murphy, Claire Beith, Manish Patel, Elizabeth Boyd, Val Irvine, Alison Grant, Rebecca Temple-Purcell, Clodagh Loughrey, Elinor Hanna, Frances Johnston, Angel Boulos, Fiona Thompson, Yuri Protaschik, Susan Regan, Tracy Donaghy, Maurice O'Kane, Omolola Akinbami, Paola Barbero, Tim Brooks, Meera Chand, Ferdinando Insalata, Palak Joshi, Anne-Marie O'Connell, Mary Ramsay, Ayoub Saei, Maria Zambon, Ezra Linley, Simon Tonge, Enemona Adaji, Omoyeni Adebiyi, Nick Andrews, Joanna Conneely, Paul Conneely, Angela Dunne, Simone Dyer, Hannah Emmett, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Nishanthan Kapirial, Jameel Khawam, Edward Monk, Sophie Russell, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Jean Timeyin, Silvia D'Arcangelo, Cathy Rowe, Amanda Semper, Eileen Gallagher, Robert Kyffin, Lisa Cromey, Desmond Areghan, Jennifer Bishop, Melanie Dembinsky, Laura Dobbie, Josie Evans, David Goldberg, Lynne Haahr, Annelysse Jorgenson, Ayodeji Matuluko, Laura Naismith, Desy Nuryunarsih, Alexander Olaoye, Caitlin Plank, Lesley Price, Nicole Sergenson, Sally Stewart, Andrew Telfer, Jennifer Weir, Ellen De Lacy, Yvette Ellis, Susannah Froude, Guy Stevens, Linda Tyson, Susanna Dunachie, Paul Klenerman, Chris Duncan, Rebecca Payne, Lance Turtle, Alex Richter, Thushan De Silva, Eleanor Barnes, Daniel Wootton, Oliver Galgut, Jonathan Heeney, Helen Baxendale, Javier Castillo-Olivares, Rupert Beale, Edward Carr, Wendy Barclay, Maya Moshe, Massimo Palmarini, Brian Willett, John Kenneth Baillie, Jennie Evans, and Erika Aquino

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine effectiveness, Asymptomatic, Symptomatic, Healthcare worker, Cohort study, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Summary: Background: The protection of fourth dose mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is relevant to current global policy decisions regarding ongoing booster roll-out. We aimed to estimate the effect of fourth dose vaccination, prior infection, and duration of PCR positivity in a highly-vaccinated and largely prior-COVID-19 infected cohort of UK healthcare workers. Methods: Participants underwent fortnightly PCR and regular antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and completed symptoms questionnaires. A multi-state model was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection from a fourth dose compared to a waned third dose, with protection from prior infection and duration of PCR positivity jointly estimated. Findings: 1298 infections were detected among 9560 individuals under active follow-up between September 2022 and March 2023. Compared to a waned third dose, fourth dose VE was 13.1% (95% CI 0.9 to 23.8) overall; 24.0% (95% CI 8.5 to 36.8) in the first 2 months post-vaccination, reducing to 10.3% (95% CI −11.4 to 27.8) and 1.7% (95% CI −17.0 to 17.4) at 2–4 and 4–6 months, respectively. Relative to an infection >2 years ago and controlling for vaccination, 63.6% (95% CI 46.9 to 75.0) and 29.1% (95% CI 3.8 to 43.1) greater protection against infection was estimated for an infection within the past 0–6, and 6–12 months, respectively. A fourth dose was associated with greater protection against asymptomatic infection than symptomatic infection, whilst prior infection independently provided more protection against symptomatic infection, particularly if the infection had occurred within the previous 6 months. Duration of PCR positivity was significantly lower for asymptomatic compared to symptomatic infection. Interpretation: Despite rapid waning of protection, vaccine boosters remain an important tool in responding to the dynamic COVID-19 landscape; boosting population immunity in advance of periods of anticipated pressure, such as surging infection rates or emerging variants of concern. Funding: UK Health Security Agency, Medical Research Council, NIHR HPRU Oxford, Bristol, and others.

Published
2024
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2. Neutralising antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron BA.1 and BA.4/5 variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with infliximab and vedolizumab after three doses of COVID-19 vaccine (CLARITY IBD): an analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Zhigang Liu, Kaixing Le, Xin Zhou, James L Alexander, Simeng Lin, Claire Bewshea, Neil Chanchlani, Rachel Nice, Timothy J McDonald, Christopher A Lamb, Shaji Sebastian, Klaartje Kok, Charlie W Lees, Ailsa L Hart, Richard C Pollok, Rosemary J Boyton, Daniel M Altmann, Katrina M Pollock, James R Goodhand, Nicholas A Kennedy, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Powell, Madiha Islam, Nick Croft, Bessie Cipriano, Caroline Francia, Nosheen Khalid, Ashley Kingston, Irish Lee, Anouk Lehmann, Kinnari Naik, Kevin Samuels, Nicolene Plaatjies, Hafiza Khatun, Farjana Bokth, Elise Pabriaga, Rebecca Saich, Hayley Cousins, Wendy Fraser, Rachel Thomas, Matthew Brown, Benjamin White, Nikolaos Kirkineziadis, Bernadette Tilley, Pennie Porter, Rachel Bryant, Natalia Robaczewska, Rafeeq Muhammed, Rehana Bi, Catherine Cotter, Jayne Grove, Kate Hong, Ruth Howman, Monica Mitchell, Sophie Clayton, Louise Rogers, Sugrah Sultan, Melanie Rooney, Charlotte Cottrill, Salil Singh, Chris Dawe, Robert Hull, Natalie Silva, Julie Chadwick, Laura Robertson, Jonathan Manning, Lauren Finlayson, Allison Roebuck, Joy Dawson, Sunil Sonwalkar, Naomi Chambers, Matthew Robinson, Andrew Haigh, Lear Matapure, Tim Raine, Varun George, Christina Kapizioni, Konstantina Strongili, Tina Thompson, Mohamed Ahmed, Christos Kontos, Claire Dawson, Christophe Bourges, Isabella Barbutti, Megan E Gozzard, Philip Hendy, Rhian Bull, Patricia Costa, Lisa Davey, Hayley Hannington, Kribashnie Nundlall, Catarina Martins, Laura Avanzi, Jaime Carungcong, Sabrina Barr, Richard Appleby, Emma Johnson, Eathar Shakweh, Kath Phillis, Rachel Gascoyne, Amanda Crowder, Amanda Whileman, Ian London, Jenny Grounds, Emmeline Martin, Susie Pajak, Jude Price, Kathryn Cawley, Sandra Powell, Nichola Kearsley, Anjan Dhar, Ellen Brown, Amanda Cowton, Kimberley Stamp, Ben Warner, Carmel Stuart, Louise Lacey, Shanika de Silva, Clare Allcock, Philip Harvey, Lesley Jones, Elise Cooke, Jayne Slater, Dominic King, Johanne Brooks, Pearl Baker, Hannah Beadle, Carina Cruz, Debbie Potter, Joe Collum, Farzana Masters, Aashish Kumar, Samantha Coetzee, Mihaela Peiu, Becky Icke, Jill Williams, Meena Raj, Edward Gaynor, Sibongile Chadokufa, Bonita Huggett, Hamza Meghari, Sara El-Khouly, Fevronia Kiparissi, Waffa Girshab, Lynda Russell-Walker, Christopher Jackson, Sara Sidler, Andrew Claridge, Emily Fowler, Laura McCafferty, Lesley Haxton, Peter Irving, Karolina Christodoulides, Angela Clifford, Patrick Dawson, Sailish Honap, Samuel Lim, Raphael Luber, Karina Mahiouz, Susanna Meade, Parizade Raymode, Rebecca Reynolds, Anna Stanton, Sherill Tripoli, Naomi Hare, Sopuluchukwu Odukwe, Senthuran Balachandran, Emma North, Jessica North, Bria Browne, Jessica Cordle, Ella Jameson, Yih Harn Siaw, Lane Manzano, Jonathan Segal, Ibrahim Al-Bakir, Imran Khakoo, Sofiya Portukhay, Nora Thoua, Katherine Davidson, Jagrul Miah, Lisa Canclini, Alex Hall, Hassina Furreed, Christine Mitchell-Inwang, Melony Hayes, Sally Myers, Alison Talbot, Jack Turnbull, Emma Whitehead, Katie Stamp, Alison Pattinson, Verghese Mathew, Leanne Sherris, Julie Wilcox, Sankaranarayanan Ramachandran, Hayley Robertson, Angela Harvey, Lucy Hicks, Tara-Marie Byrne, Leilani Cabreros, Hannah Downing-Wood, Sophie Hunter, Mohammad Aamir Saifuddin, Hemanth Prabhudev, Sharmili Balarajah, Jan Krucznski, Kalliopi Driva, Andrea D'Mello, Parith Shah, Rocio Castro-Seoane, Hajir Ibraheim, Laura E Constable, Jonathan W Lo, Melissa Torkizadeh, Sherine K Hermangild, Helen Sutherland, Elva Wilhelmsen, Katherine Mackintosh, Ajay M Verma, Juliemol Sebastian, Mohammad Farhad Peerally, Anne-marie Guerdette, Susan Coburn, Ching Yee Novem lam, Donna Durrant, Belinda Schaefer, Solange Serna, Muhammad Shahzad, Alexandra Kent, Lee Meng Choong, Benedetta Pantaloni, Pantelis Ravdas, Babu Vadamalayan, Stephen Foley, Becky Arnold, Cheryl Heeley, Wayne Lovegrove, Donna Sowton, Lynne Allsop, Heidi Gregory, Mandy Gill, Megan Holmes, Valeria Balan, Susan Smith, Sarah Turner, Philip J Smith, Alan Steel, Giovanna Bretland, Sarah King, Martina Lofthouse, Lindsey Rigby, Sreedhar Subramanian, David Tyrer, Kate Martin, Christopher Probert, Nikolaos Kamperidis, Temi Adedoyin, Manisha Baden, Jeannette Brown, Feba Chacko, Lisa Young, Michela Cicchetti, Mohammad Saifuddin, Priya Yesupatham, Rohit Gowda, Maureen Williams, Karen Kemp, Rima Akhand, Glaxy Gray, Anu John, Maya John, Tasnim Mohammed, Diamond Sathe, Natasha Jones, Jennifer Soren, Michael Sprakes, Julie Burton, Patricia Kane, Stephanie Lupton, Jacqueline Bartholomew, Elizabeth Denis, Alison Daniels, George MacFaul, Diane Scaletta, Loria Siamia, Felicity Williams, Chloe Green, Zeljka Ver, Chris Lamb, Mary Doona, Ashleigh Hogg, Lesley Jeffrey, Andrew King, R Alexander Speight, Jennifer Doyle, Ruth Owen, Jenny Haworth, Linda Patterson, Vithusa Varnaulasingam, Craig Mowat, Debbie Rice, Susan MacFarlane, Anne MacLeod, Samera Mohammed, Shona Murray, Anne Elliott, Mary Anne Morris, Louise Coke, Grace Hindle, Eirini Kolokouri, Catherine Wright, Claire Lee, Nicola Ward, Adele Dann, Melanie Lockett, Charlotte Cranfield, Louise Jennings, Ankur Srivastava, Lana Ward, Nouf Jeynes, Poonam Ranga, Praveen Rajasekhar, Lisa Gallagher, Jill Ward, Rae Basnett, Judy Murphy, Lauren Parking, Emma Lawson, Stacey Short, David Devadason, Gordon Moran, Neelam Khan, Lauren Tarr, Charmaine Olivia, Samantha Warbarton, Sian Kelly, Jimmy Limdi, Kay Goulden, Asad Javed, Lauren McKenzie, Julie Melville, Eleanor Liu, Joseph Sabine, Patricia Jacob, Denise McSorland, Nick Schofield, Lisa Cornwall, James Quirke, Emma Crook, Anne Turner, Pradeep Bhandari, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Joanne Dash, Alison Le Poidevin, Hayley Downe, Lucille Bombeo, Helen Blackman, Rebecca Smith, Alan Wiles, Hannah Bloxham, Jose Dias, Evelyn Nadar, Hollie Curgenven, Ellie Gilham, Jonathan Macdonald, Shona Finan, Faye McMeeken, Misbah Mahmood, Stephanie Shields, John Paul Seenan, Des DeSilva, Susanna Malkakorpi, Rachel Carson, Holly Lawrence, Ofori Boateng, Felix Kpodo, Simon Whiteoak, Kelli Edger-Earley, Luke Vamplew, Joanna Samways, Sue Roffe, Sarah Ingram, Joel James, Sharon Botfield, Fiona Hammonds, Clare James, Zoe Berry, Gemma Aspinall, Sarah Hawkins, Marian Parkinson, Helen Gardner-Thorpe, Suzie Marriott, Clare Redstone, Halina Windak, Ana-Marie Adam, Hannah Mabb, Emma Stevenson, Jessica Record, Charles Murray, Cynthia Diaba, Fexy Joseph, Glykeria Pakou, Yvonne Gleeson, Annalyn Nunag, James Berrill, Natalie Stroud, Carla Pothecary, Lisa Roche, Keri Turner, Lisa Deering, Lynda Israel, Evelyn Baker, Maxine Nash, Andrew Fagbemi, Felicia Jennings, Imelda Mayor, Jill Wilson, Alice Wheeler, Nicola Phillips, John Gordon, Emma Levell, Silvia Zagalo, Ina Hoad, Bindu Anil, Richard Russell, Paul Henderson, Margaret Millar, Christopher Alexakis, Natalia Michalak, Cheryl Marriott, Sarah Stone, Veronika Pristopan, John Saunders, Helen Burton, Vanessa Cambridge, Tonia Clark, Charlotte Ekblad, Sarah Hierons, Joyce Katebe, Emma Saunsbury, Rachel Perry, Matthew Brookes, Kathryn Davies, Marie Green, Ann Plumbe, Clare Ormerod, Helen Christensen, Hannah Howlett, Anne Keen, Jonathan Ogor, Marie Greenhaigh, Karen Knowles, Shanzi Yin, Maria Poulaka, Alpha Anthony, Emily Newitt, Fiona Trim, Ruth Casey, Katherine Seymour, Catherine Reed, Lijo Joy, Edward Fogden, Kalisha Russell, Samia Hussain, Anne Phillips, Muaad Abdulla, Jeff Butterworth, Colene Adams, Mandy Carnahan, Elizabeth Buckingham, Danielle Childs, Alison Magness, Jo Stickley, Nichola Motherwell, Louise Tonks, Hannah Gibson, Kate Wistance, Caradog Thomas, Elaine Brinkworth, Lynda Connor, Amanda Cook, Tabitha Rees, Rachel Harford, Sean Farley, Marie Jones, Emma Wesley, Alison Moss, Jacob Lucas, Claire Lorimer, Maria Oleary, Maxine Dixon, Fiona Goodchild, Rebecca Twenlow, Corinne Pawley, Arvind Ramadas, Julie Tregonning, Olaku Okeke, Wendy Jackson, Ioannis Koumoutsos, Viji George, Swapna Kunhunny, Sophie Laverick, Isla Anderson, Sophie Smith, Joan Joyce, Sarala Janarthan, Kamal Patel, Mariam Ali, Hilda Mhandu, Aleem Rana, Katherine Spears, Joana Teixeira, Mark Mencias, Abigail Seaward, Jessica Sousa, Nooria Said, Mark Soomaroo, Valentina Raspa, Asha Tacouri, Nicholas Reps, Rebecca Martin, Tinashe Samakomva, Christian Selinger, Jenelyn Carbonell, Felicia Onovira, Doris Quartey, Alice L'Anson, Andrew Ashworth, Jessica Bailey, Angie Dunn, Gjuzel Bespaloi, Harold Rasalan, Zahid Mahmood, Racheal Campbell, Liane Marsh, Tricia Coughlan, Wisam Jafar, Janet Marrs, Christopher McPheat, Monira Rahman, Sarah Davies, Ruth Habibi, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Teishel Joefield, Reina Layug, Vinod Patel, Joanne Vere, Victoria Turner, Susan Kilroy, Martina Coulding, Martyn Clark, Jacqueline McCormick, Attiya Nisar, Gareth Walker, Stacey Atkins, Jasmine Growdon, Becky George, Charlotte McNeill, Bryony Reed, Angela Foulds, Catherine Marshall, Michele Allison, Briony Dillon, Rachel Cooney, Lillie Bennett, Louise Bowlas, Sharafaath Shariff, Aileen Fraser, Dwayne Punnette, Rebecca Lambert, Charlotte Bishop-Hurman, Elizabeth Undrell, Katherine Belfield, Said Din, Catherine Addleton, Marie Appleby, Johanna Brown, Kathleen Holding, Catherine Fraser, Janice Birkenshaw, Jodie Williams, Kamille Maulion, Meg Lane, Arita Kravale, Claud Smith, Patricia Hooper, John deCaestecker, Olivia Watchorn, Ellie Clarke, Chris Hayward, Susan Inniss, Lucy Pritchard, Karen Rudge, Amanda Carney, Sarah Griffee, Jervoise Andreyev, Sathish Babu, Caroline Hayhurst, Carol Lockwood, Lynn Osborne, Amanda Roper, Karen Warner, Julia Hindle, Tara Lawrence, Kimberley Netherton, Caroline Watt, Kinga Szymiczek, Shameer Mehta, James Bell, William Blad, Lisa Whitley, Roman Jastrub, Dhamaraj Durai, Mark Baker, Elizabeth John Sivamurugan, Mim Evans, Fraser Cummings, Clare Harris, Amy Jones, Liga Krauze, Sohail Rahmany, Michelle Earl, Jenny Vowles, Audrey Torokwa, Mirela Petrova, Andrew Procter, Jo Stanley, Claudia Silvamoniz, Marion Bettey, Amar Wahid, Zoe Morrison, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Louise Yendle, Jennifer Muller, Marcus Mitchell, John Kirkwood, Anna Barnes, Rakesh Chaudhary, Melanie Claridge, Chiara Ellis, Cheryl Kemp, Ogwa Tobi, Jentus Milton, Emma Johnston, Metod Oblak, Carmen Winpenny, Marie-Louise Svensson, Jo Godden, Marium Ashhar, Debbie Alexander, Kate Covil, Lauranne Derikx, Sryros Siakavellas, Helen Baxter, Scott Robertson, Linda Smith, Beena Poulose, Anne Colemam, Margareta Balint, Gareth Rhys-Jones, Helen Watters, Susan Begg, Beatriz Grosalcalde, Judy Coyle, Kerrie Johns, Rachel Hughes, Janet Phipps, Abigail Taylor, Catherine MacPhee, Suzanne Brooks, Jolene John, Michelle Edwards, Katie Smith, Linda Howard, Dianne Wood, Ajay Muddu, Laura Barman, Janine Mallinson, Tania Neale, Diana Ionita, Kerry Elliot, Alison Turnball, Iola Thomas, Alice Thomas, Kelly Andrews, Jonathon Sutton, Caroline Mulvaney Jones, Julia Roberts, and Jeannie Bishop

Subjects
Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Inflammatory diseases Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 5]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 291657.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF drugs, such as infliximab, are associated with attenuated antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We aimed to determine how the anti-TNF drug infliximab and the anti-integrin drug vedolizumab affect vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies against highly transmissible omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.1, and BA.4 and BA.5 (hereafter BA.4/5) SARS-CoV-2 variants, which possess the ability to evade host immunity and, together with emerging sublineages, are now the dominating variants causing current waves of infection. METHODS: CLARITY IBD is a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study investigating the effect of infliximab and vedolizumab on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients aged 5 years and older with a diagnosis of IBD and being treated with infliximab or vedolizumab for 6 weeks or longer were recruited from infusion units at 92 hospitals in the UK. In this analysis, we included participants who had received uninterrupted biological therapy since recruitment and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5 after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the risk of breakthrough infection in relation to neutralising antibody titres. The study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN45176516, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS: Between Sept 22 and Dec 23, 2020, 7224 patients with IBD were recruited to the CLARITY IBD study, of whom 1288 had no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and were established on either infliximab (n=871) or vedolizumab (n=417) and included in this study (median age was 46·1 years [IQR 33·6-58·2], 610 [47·4%] were female, 671 [52·1%] were male, 1209 [93·9%] were White, and 46 [3·6%] were Asian). After three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 50% neutralising titres (NT50s) were significantly lower in patients treated with infliximab than in those treated with vedolizumab, against wild-type (geometric mean 2062 [95% CI 1720-2473] vs 3440 [2939-4026]; p

Published
2023

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