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1. Risks, benefits, and knowledge gaps of non-native tree species in Europe

Author

Anastazija Dimitrova, Katalin Csilléry, Marcin Klisz, Mathieu Lévesque, Steffi Heinrichs, Maxime Cailleret, Enrique Andivia, Palle Madsen, Henrik Böhenius, Branislav Cvjetkovic, Bart De Cuyper, Giovanbattista de Dato, Peter Ferus, Berthold Heinze, Vladan Ivetić, Zoltan Köbölkuti, Jelena Lazarević, Dagnija Lazdina, Tiit Maaten, Kristaps Makovskis, Jelena Milovanović, Antonio T. Monteiro, Marina Nonić, Simon Place, Radoslaw Puchalka, Antonio Montagnoli, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE RASZYN POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), InNovaSilva ApS, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Banja Luka, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], University of West Hungary [Sopron], University of Montenegro (UCG), Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', ESTONIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES TARTU EST, Singidunum University, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE), Chartered Forester UK, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)CA19128, Appeared in source as:COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
Invasive species, Ecology, Grey literature, Forestry, Distribution, Non-native tree species, assisted migration, climate change, database, distribution, forestry, grey literature, hybridization, invasive species, Climate change, Hybridization, Database, Assisted migration, Europe, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Changing ecosystem conditions and diverse socio-economical events have contributed to an ingrained presence of non-native tree species (NNTs) in the natural and cultural European landscapes. Recent research endeavors have focused on different aspects of NNTs such as legislation, benefits, and risks for forestry, emphasizing that large knowledge gaps remain. As an attempt to fulfill part of these gaps, within the PEN-CAFoRR COST Action (CA19128) network, we established an open-access questionnaire that allows both academic experts and practitioners to provide information regarding NNTs from 20 European countries. Then, we integrated the data originating from the questionnaire, related to the country-based assessment of both peer-reviewed and grey literature, with information from available datasets (EUFORGEN and EU-Forest), which gave the main structure to the study and led to a mixed approach review. Finally, our study provided important insights into the current state of knowledge regarding NNTs. In particular, we highlighted NNTs that have shown to be less commonly addressed in research, raising caution about those characterized by an invasive behavior and used for specific purposes (e.g., wood production, soil recultivation, afforestation, and reforestation). NNTs were especially explored in the context of resilient and adaptive forest management. Moreover, we emphasized the assisted and natural northward migration of NNTs as another underscored pressing issue, which needs to be addressed by joint efforts, especially in the context of the hybridization potential. This study represents an additional effort toward the knowledge enhancement of the NNTs situation in Europe, aiming for a continuously active common source deriving from interprofessional collaboration., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, ISSN:2296-701X

Published
2022
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2. Mapping carbon accumulation potential from global natural forest regrowth.

Author

Cook-Patton SC, Leavitt SM, Gibbs D, Harris NL, Lister K, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Briggs RD, Chazdon RL, Crowther TW, Ellis PW, Griscom HP, Herrmann V, Holl KD, Houghton RA, Larrosa C, Lomax G, Lucas R, Madsen P, Malhi Y, Paquette A, Parker JD, Paul K, Routh D, Roxburgh S, Saatchi S, van den Hoogen J, Walker WS, Wheeler CE, Wood SA, Xu L, and Griscom BW

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Data Collection, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Global Warming prevention & control, Internationality, Kinetics, Carbon metabolism, Carbon Sequestration, Forestry statistics & numerical data, Forestry trends, Forests, Geographic Mapping, Trees growth & development, Trees metabolism
Abstract

To constrain global warming, we must strongly curtail greenhouse gas emissions and capture excess atmospheric carbon dioxide 1,2 . Regrowing natural forests is a prominent strategy for capturing additional carbon 3 , but accurate assessments of its potential are limited by uncertainty and variability in carbon accumulation rates 2,3 . To assess why and where rates differ, here we compile 13,112 georeferenced measurements of carbon accumulation. Climatic factors explain variation in rates better than land-use history, so we combine the field measurements with 66 environmental covariate layers to create a global, one-kilometre-resolution map of potential aboveground carbon accumulation rates for the first 30 years of natural forest regrowth. This map shows over 100-fold variation in rates across the globe, and indicates that default rates from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4,5 may underestimate aboveground carbon accumulation rates by 32 per cent on average and do not capture eight-fold variation within ecozones. Conversely, we conclude that maximum climate mitigation potential from natural forest regrowth is 11 per cent lower than previously reported 3 owing to the use of overly high rates for the location of potential new forest. Although our data compilation includes more studies and sites than previous efforts, our results depend on data availability, which is concentrated in ten countries, and data quality, which varies across studies. However, the plots cover most of the environmental conditions across the areas for which we predicted carbon accumulation rates (except for northern Africa and northeast Asia). We therefore provide a robust and globally consistent tool for assessing natural forest regrowth as a climate mitigation strategy.

Published
2020
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