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Utilizing plant extracts in the green synthesis of bimetallic nanoalloys receives more attention due to its eco-friendly, cheap, single-step, easy-handling method, producing highly active and biocompatible nanoalloys. Therefore, the aqueous extract of ginger rhizome was used to form bimetallic gold/silver (Au/Ag) nanoalloys. There were 37.3 mg.g−1 of total soluble carbs, 0.75 mg.g−1 of proteins, and 0.03 mg.g−1 of phenolic compounds quantified in ginger rhizome. The production of BAu/Ag-NPs relies on these components. The as-formed BAu/Ag-NPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the peak surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurred between 440 and 545 nm. The existence of several functional groups involved in the reduction and stability of the generated nanoalloys was shown by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). The nanoalloys, with an average size of 49.1 ± 16.2 nm, were observed to be spherical using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) indicated that the synthesized nanoalloy mainly consisted of Au and Ag ions, which made up (31.2 % and 47.1 %) and (45.9 % and 28.6 %) of the sample’s atomic and weight percentages, respectively. The crystallography of the nanoalloys was confirmed using XRD analysis. When examined for their capacity to suppress viral replication, the synthesized nanoalloys showed remarkable results, with 78.2 % inhibition against HAV and 69.6 % against Cox-B4. In addition, the anticancer activity of nanoalloys against oral epithelial cells (OEC), MCF7 adenocarcinoma cells, and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells was investigated using the MTT assay method. While the nanoalloys exhibited moderate toxicity towards normal OEC (IC50: 502.5 ± 2.8 g.mL−1), they showed substantial cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, MCF7 and HepG2, with IC50 values of 212.6 ± 4.4 and 117.9 ± 6.6 µg.mL−1, respectively. According to these data, BAu/Ag nanoalloys show potential as antiviral and anticancer drugs that selectively kill cancer cells.

Pharmaceutical substance sitagliptin has long been used to treat diabetes. However, subsequent researches have shown that sitagliptin has additional therapeutic effects. Anti-inflammatory effects are observed. Combining sitagliptin with biodegradable polymers like nanoparticles for chemotherapy may be effective. This method enhances therapeutic agent pharmacokinetics. This study tests sitagliptin (SIT) chitosan base nanoparticles against MCF-7 cancer cell lines for anti-cancer effects. Sitagliptin chitosan-based nanoparticles are tested for their ability to suppress MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation. Ionic gelation, a typical nanoparticle manufacturing method, was used. A detailed examination of the nanoparticles followed, using particle-size measurement, FTIR, and SEM. Entrapment efficiency, drug-loading, and in-vitro drug release were assessed. Loaded with chitosan and sitagliptin, the nanoparticles averaged 500nm and 534nm in diameter. Sitagliptin has little effect on particle size. Chitosan-based Sitagliptin nanoparticles grew slightly, suggesting Sitagliptin is present. SIT-SC-NPs had 32% encapsulation efficiency and 30% drug content due to their high polymer-to-drug ratio. SEM analysis showed that both drug-free and sitagliptin-loaded nanoparticles are spherical, as shown by the different bands in the photos. The SIT-CS-NPs had a 120-hour release efficiency of up to 80%. This suggests that these nanoparticles could cure hepatocellular carcinoma, specifically MCF-7 cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, Lidocaine: β-Cyclodextrin (LDC:β-CD) complex is formed and confirmed through analytical methods. The absorption and fluorescence maxima of the complex is shifted toward the blue region with the increasing concentration of β-CD. The FT-IR study predicts the entrapment of the aromatic part into the cavity of the host, as the stretching frequencies of those groups are higher than the frequencies of the pure LDC and its physically mixed (PM and KM) products. A best model is arrived through the molecular docking study with the help of Patch-Dock server for the complex formation. The cytotoxic activity of the complex is improved due to the encapsulation process and it is active toward the cancer cells even though, the pure LDC is inert to the cell line in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing drug delivery carriers for highly selective, controlled, and sustained release of the anti-cancer drugs is one of the crucial issues in the cancer strive. We herein report the synthesis of Fe3O4 (M) and SiO2 (S) nanoparticles and their nanocomposites with chitosan (CS) for high loading efficiency and subsequent release potentiality of Doxorubicin (DOX) anticancer drug. The as-synthesized nanostructures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and thermal analysis techniques. The average crystallite sizes of the as-prepared M, S, CS/M, CS/S, and CS/M/S nanostructures were found to be 5, 15, 70, 22, and 29 nm, respectively. The loading and cumulative release of Doxorubicin for the produced nanostructures were examined, and the results exhibited loading efficacy of 71%, 95%, 96%, 79%, 17%, and 42% for M, S, CS, CS/M, CS/S, and CS/M/S nanostructures, respectively. The Doxorubicin releasing results revealed a promising cumulative release percentages at pH 4.2 and pH 5 compared with those at pH 7.4. At pH 4.2, the cumulative release percentages for DOX-M, DOX-S, DOX-CS, DOX/M, and DOX/CS/M/S were 94%, 96%, 92%, 95%, and 98%, respectively. While the corresponding percentages at pH 5 were 97%, 90%, 46%, 43%, and 70%. The percentage for DOX-CS/S was 60% at pH 5, though. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of M-DOX, CS-DOX, and M/CS-DOX was explored against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and Hep-G2) using SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay. The DOX-loaded M/CS exhibited the highest cytotoxicity and its IC50 values were 2.65 and 2.25 μg/mL against Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively, compared to the corresponding values of 5.1 and 4.5 μg/mL for free DOX. The results indicated that M/CS nanocomposite is a good candidate as drug delivery nano-carrier for the Doxorubicin anti-cancer drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green nanotechnology provides tools for the transformation of biological systems toward safe and cost-effective approaches of nanomaterial synthesis for biomedical applications. The aim of the current investigation was to mycosynthesis of functional platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) by Penicillium pinophilum cell-free filtrate using hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV) hexahydrate (H2PtCl6) as substrate. The UV–Visible spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, TGA–DSC and GC–MS were used to characterize the mycosynthesized PtNPs. UV–visible spectrum of mycosynthesized PtNPs showed maximum absorption peak at 263 nm. The band gap energy of the PtNPs was estimated as 3.78 eV. TEM showed the PtNPs in different shapes with the size ranged from 2 to 25 nm. DLS demonstrated the size range of 2–30 nm for synthesized PtNPs. A zeta potential of − 43.0 ± 1.0 mV with a single peak was recorded for PtNPs. The XRD peaks 40.3, 46.8 and 68.2 with the plane of platinum crystals (111), (200), and (220) were identified indicating that the PtNPs were face-centered, cubic, and crystalline in nature. Mycosynthesized PtNPs were analyzed by simultaneous TGA–DSC showed thermal stability for PtNPs. The FTIR results showed the presence of some bio-molecules in fungal cell-free filtrate as possible bio-reducing and capping agent of PtNPs. GC–MS analysis of fungal cell-free filtrate showed 10 peaks representative of related compounds. The mycosynthesized PtNPs displayed antimicrobial activity (8.1 ± 0.8 to 24.3 ± 0.8 mm) against various important fungal and bacteria pathogens. They were toxic for cancer cell-line HepG-2 at IC50 value of 184.07 μg/ml. Microscopy images showed morphological changes and reduction of cancer cells populations in PtNPs-treated cell-line. Altogether, our results demonstrated for the first time the green synthesis of PtNPs using Penicillium pinophilum. Synthesized PtNPs were not only active against fungal and bacteria pathogens, but also they showed strong cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell-line HepG-2. Thus, they may be considered as promising chemotherapeutics to combat malignancies and overcome life-threatening infections arisen from multidrug resistant fungi and bacteria in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 2-Chloroquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone derivate of Cu(II) complexes. • DNA/BSA binding studies for the ligands and their corresponding complexes. • In vitro studies were carried out against human kidney cell (HEK) and HeLa cells. • AO/EtBr and DAPI staining studies were carried out for the compounds. Copper(II) metallates of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone (CuQ1, CuQ2, CuQ3, CuQ4) were synthesized, characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Mass spectrometry. The true nature of the ligands and a representative complex was confirmed by X-ray single crystal analysis. During the complexation, the ligands underwent cyclisation to form thiadiazole and two units of thiadiazole were coordinated to copper ion through N2-nitrogen atom. The remaining sites were occupied with two chloride ions and a water molecule which led to a square pyramidal geometry around copper ion. Absorption and emission titration methods confirmed the partial intercalative mode of binding interaction between CT-DNA and the metal complexes. The interaction between complexes and BSA led to the formation of ground state fluorophore-quencher complex by following static quenching mechanism. In vitro cytotoxic effect of the ligands and complexes were done by taking Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and toxicity of the test compounds were analyzed by using normal human kidney cell (HEK). The complexes CuQ2, CuQ3 and CuQ4 showed better cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells as compared with the standard cisplatin. Among the complexes, CuQ3 exhibited higher activity with least IC 50 value (17 µM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Inclusion complexes (ICs) of AMY/CDs were fabricated using ultrasonication. • AMY formed inclusion complexes with CDs at 1:1 M ratio. • Physicochemical properties of AMY/CD-ICs were significantly modified. • AMY/CD-ICs displayed burst drug release profiles. • AMY/CD-ICs exhibited excellent inhibitory capacity with HeLa cancer cells. Nanoencapsulation has gained considerable attention because of its unique features and advantages in anticancer drug delivery. Amygdalin (AMY) is an anticancer compound, showing limitations in its applications by low stability. Herein, the inclusion complexes (ICs) of AMY with β -cyclodextrin (β CD), and its derivatives such as 2-hydroxypropyl- β CD (HP β CD) and methyl- β CD (M β CD) were fabricated. The fabricated AMY/CD-ICs were thoroughly evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence techniques. Double reciprocal profile study of the absorption and fluorescence spectra revealed that the AMY formed the ICs with β CD derivatives at a guest/host stoichiometric ratio of 1/1. The thermal stability of AMY was enhanced as the IC formation aid observed by the shift of thermal degradation temperature of AMY from the range of ∼ 220–250 °C to > 295 °C. Theoretical analyses of the energetic, electronic, and global reactivity parameters of the AMY/CD-ICs were evaluated using the PM3 method. Further assessment of the dissolution diagrams of AMY/CD-ICs revealed a burst release profile. In addition, cell toxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, and the results showed that AMY/CD-ICs had significantly more efficacious in inhibiting HeLa cancer cells than AMY. These results proved that the IC formations with CDs significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of AMY. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing plant extracts in the green synthesis of bimetallic nanoalloys receives more attention due to its eco-friendly, cheap, single-step, easy-handling method, producing highly active and biocompatible nanoalloys. Therefore, the aqueous extract of ginger rhizome was used to form bimetallic gold/silver (Au/Ag) nanoalloys. There were 37.3 mg.g−1 of total soluble carbs, 0.75 mg.g−1 of proteins, and 0.03 mg.g−1 of phenolic compounds quantified in ginger rhizome. The production of BAu/Ag-NPs relies on these components. The as-formed BAu/Ag-NPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the peak surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurred between 440 and 545 nm. The existence of several functional groups involved in the reduction and stability of the generated nanoalloys was shown by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR). The nanoalloys, with an average size of 49.1 ± 16.2 nm, were observed to be spherical using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) indicated that the synthesized nanoalloy mainly consisted of Au and Ag ions, which made up (31.2 % and 47.1 %) and (45.9 % and 28.6 %) of the sample's atomic and weight percentages, respectively. The crystallography of the nanoalloys was confirmed using XRD analysis. When examined for their capacity to suppress viral replication, the synthesized nanoalloys showed remarkable results, with 78.2 % inhibition against HAV and 69.6 % against Cox-B4. In addition, the anticancer activity of nanoalloys against oral epithelial cells (OEC), MCF7 adenocarcinoma cells, and HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells was investigated using the MTT assay method. While the nanoalloys exhibited moderate toxicity towards normal OEC (IC50: 502.5 ± 2.8 g.mL−1), they showed substantial cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, MCF7 and HepG2, with IC50 values of 212.6 ± 4.4 and 117.9 ± 6.6 µg.mL−1, respectively. According to these data, BAu/Ag nanoalloys show potential as antiviral and anticancer drugs that selectively kill cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inclusion complex of Primaquine (PQ) with 2-(Hydroxypropyl)-β-Cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) in liquid state have been investigated by using absorption and fluorescence spectral techniques. From the spectral data, a binding constant (K) and the stoichiometric ratio between the host-guest system is calculated by using the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. Gibb's free energy changes of the complexation process are spontaneously at room temperature. The host-guest complex of PQ with 2-HP-β-CD is prepared by various methods like physical mixture, kneading, and co-precipitation methods. The solid inclusion complexes are characterized by using FT-IR, SEM, Powder XRD, and DSC analysis. The orientation and structure of the inclusion complex are proposed based on the results of PM3 optimization. Mutual interactions between the guest (PQ) and host (2-HP-β-CD) are identified by NBO analysis. The anticancer activity also performed for pure PQ and its inclusion complex with 2-HP-β-CD. It clearly showed that the solid complex did not enhances in their anticancer activity than PQ alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagrammatic sketch showing the Ag-NPs green synthesis steps. [Display omitted] • Ag-NPs were synthesized via using Ginseng root extract and microwave irradiation. • Assaying of NLV was based on switching off the fluorescence of the Ag-NPs. • The prepared Ag-NPs showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. • Evaluation of in-vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared Ag-NPs on different cell lines. Nanoparticles are a boon for humanity because of their improved functionality and unlimited potential applications. Considering this significance, the proposed study introduced a simple, fast and eco-friendly method for synthesis of fluorescent silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using Panax Ginseng root extract as a reducing and capping agent. Synthesis of Ag-NPs was performed in one step within three minutes utilizing microwave irradiation. The resulting Ag-NPs were characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV/Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The prepared Ag-NPs, which act as a fluorescent nano-probe with an emission band at 416 nm after excitation at 331 nm, were used to assay nilvadipine (NLV) spectrofluorimetrically in its pharmaceutical dosage form with good sensitivity and reproducibility. The proposed study is based on the ability of NLV to quantitatively quench the native Ag-NPs fluorescence, forming a ground state complex as a result of static quenching and an inner filter mechanism. The suggested approach displayed a satisfactory linear relationship throughout a concentration range of 5.0 μM − 100.0 μM, with LOD and LOQ values of 1.18 μM and 3.57 μM, respectively. Validation of the suggested approach was examined in accordance with ICH recommendations. In addition, the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated, and they demonstrated effective anti-microbial activities and opened a future prospective to combat future antibiotic resistance. Finally, in-vitro cytotoxicity assay of Ag-NPs against normal and cancerous human cell lines was studied using MTT assay. The results proved the potential use of the produced Ag-NPs as an adjunct to anticancer treatment or for drug delivery without significantly harming healthy human cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the metabolites secreted by brown algae, Cystoseira crinita, were used as biocatalyst for green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy linked with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed successful formation of crystallographic and spherical MgO-NPs with sizes of 3–18 nm at a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 320 nm. Moreover, EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O in the sample with weight percentages of 54.1% and 20.6%, respectively. Phyco-fabricated MgO-NPs showed promising activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 50 μg mL−1. The IC50 value of MgO-NPs against cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was 113.4 μg mL−1, whereas it was 141.2 μg mL−1 for normal cell lines (Vero cell). Interestingly, the green synthesized MgO-NPs exhibited significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity against Musca domestica. At 10 μg mL−1 MgO-NPs, the highest mortality percentages were 99.0%, 95.0%, 92.2%, and 81.0% for I, II, III instars’ larvae, and pupa of M. domestica, respectively, with LC50 values (3.08, 3.49, and 4.46 μg mL−1), and LC90 values (7.46, 8.89, and 10.43 μg mL−1), respectively. Also, MgO-NPs showed repellence activity for adults of M. domestica at 10 μg mL−1 with 63.0%, 77.9%, 84.9%, and 96.8% after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.

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Antimicrobial hydrogels are of immense value in wound care applications. However, the rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance has made it necessary to look for new antimicrobial additives for such materials. In this study, a novel antimicrobial hydrogel for wound care applications has been developed. The material combines TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose hydrogel with a new class of antimicrobial agent, phenyl bis-phosphinato bismuth (III) complex. The hydrogel was characterized using scanning electron microscope imaging to show the overall distribution of the complex particles within the nanocellulose hydrogel matrix phase. The rheological properties of the bismuth loaded hydrogel are comparable to commercial over-the-counter burn hydrogels and behave like true gels. Activity of the different concentrations of the complex was studied against a range of medically important bacteria and mammalian fibroblast cells. Bismuth complex target loading of 9 µg/g showed bactericidal activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacteriostatic effect against MRSA and VRE, while having no toxic effect on mammalian fibroblast cells. However, Escherichia coli was less susceptible to this concentration comparatively. Our study has identified a range of bismuth complex loading levels for the material at which the additive appears to be safe and active. This study is a step towards the design of a biocompatible and renewable hydrogel containing a safe antimicrobial additive, which has an excellent safety margin to pathogenic bacteria over mammalian cells and would appear to be a promising material for active wound dressing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the suitability and potential of two biocompatible mixed valent non-stoichiometric spinel nanoferrites viz., Zn 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (ZCNF) and Mg 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (MCNF) with a minor impurity of CaCO 3 have been explored for magnetic hyperthermia and in-vitro cytotoxicity against normal and lung cancer cell lines. Nanocrystalline samples of ZCNF and MCNF in fcc structure were synthesized using the citrate-based sol-gel method and characterized by a variety of standard techniques. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron spin resonance and dc-magnetometry studies revealed that ZCNF is dominantly superparamagnetic while, MCNF is a soft ferrimagnet at 300 K. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) for 1 mg/mL suspension of nanoferrite powder in de-ionized water was found to be 179 W/g and 338 W/g for ZCNF and MCNF, respectively. Further, the highest hyperthermia temperature of 41.5 °C and 52 °C was achieved in 900 s at 15.98 kA/m for ZCNF and MCNF, respectively. Both ZCNF and MCNF showed good cytocompatibility with a tested concentration of 0.5 mg/mL against the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 (>75% cell viability) cell line. Additionally, simulated in-vitro treatment at an optimum magnetic hyperthermia temperature of 45 °C for 30 min in the presence of ZCNF and MCNF powder (up to a concentration of 1 mg/mL) led to suppression of ∼55% lung cancer cell lines (A549) while, in similar simulated condition the cell viability of normal HEK 293 cell lines remain unaffected. In summary, ZCNF and MCNF are appropriate therapeutic nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia-related cancer therapies. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of non-stoichiometric Zn 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (ZCNF) and Mg 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (MCNF) nanoferrites by sol-gel route. • SAR = 179 W/g and 338 W/g with decent ILP values of ∼ 2.1 and 3.9nHm2kg−1 for ZCNF and MCNF respectively. • ZCNF and MCNF showed good cytocompatibility with a tested concentration of 0.5 mg/mL on embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells. • Lung cancer A549 cells incubated in the presence of ZCNF and MCNF at 45 °C (simulated hyperthermia conditions) for 30 min led to reduction in cell viability upto 55%. • ZCNF and MCNF are suitable nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia based cancer theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CeO 2 -ZnO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by chemical precipitation method in different molar ratios. • Various physical properties were studied using primary characterization tools like XRD, EDX, HRTEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy. • Synthesized nanoparticles were used in intended application in a photo-degradation of MB dye under UV irradiation. • Highest photo-degradation (∼95 %) was obtained for Ce:Zn (1:3) nanocomposites. • In vitro-cytotoxicity of synthesized composites was also studied in detail using A549 cell lines. In present study, we employed a simple and cost-effective chemical precipitation method to synthesize CeO 2 :ZnO nanocomposites with various Ce:Zn molar ratios. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of a cubic structure of CeO 2 and a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO in the Ce:Zn nanocomposites. Structural parameters were determined through a Rietveld refinement process using the X-ray diffraction pattern. The elemental composition of the synthesized compounds were assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of the F 2g vibrational mode corresponding to CeO 2 NPs as well as the E 2 mode corresponding to ZnO NPs. Transmission electron microscopy shows the lateral dimensions of both CeO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles in the prepared composites. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were analysed to examine the defects present in the samples. Absorption spectra were recorded in the wavelength range of 325–1100 nm using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples was studied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. Among all prepared composites, the Ce: Zn (1:3) nanocomposite showed the highest photodegradation activity (95 %) against the methylene blue (MB) dye. We also examined in detail the anticancer potential of the Ce:Zn composites against human lung carcinoma cells (A549). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3(2H)-Pyridazinone derivatives based on 4-biphenyl, naphtha-2-yl, pyridine, or piperidine moiety were synthesized and characterized using I-R and 1HNMR spectra. The activity and cytotoxicity of some synthesized compounds on the skin epidermoid cancer cell proliferation and progression were investigated. The pyridazine isomer with pyridine revealed a significant decrease in the level of nitric oxide p  < 0.01 than the activity of caffeine phenecyl ester. The activity of the three active isomers recorded significant activity for their total antioxidant content that triggers their ability for the scavenging the oxygen free radicals significantly p  < 0.01. Moreover, revealing the pharmaceutical activity of the isomers as anti-inflammatory agents, IL-6, IL10, and IL12 have been decreased by variable significant values. Additionally, the active isomers revealed variable actions on the skin cancer cell to induce apoptosis using annexin V-FITC/PI. Pyridine was the highest isomer to induce late apoptosis and necrosis for the skin cancer cells against the use of cisplatin. Importantly, Molecular modeling experiments including docking and dynamic simulations were done for the most active 3 analogs to explore the ligand binding and stability leading to exploring the structure-activity relationship with biological target PARP1 which showed a good binding propensity to pyridazine binding site which supports the in vitro data. In conclusion, the pyridazine moieties with piperdine, naphthayl, and pyridine have pharmacological activities against skin cancer epidermoid by triggering action in inhibition of the proliferation and progression with an up-regulated apoptotic mechanism that evades the emergence of cisplatin resistance among different cancer cells.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Abstract Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are fabricated using Coleus aromaticus leaf extract with an environmental friendly method and studied using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Also, a new aptamer-conjugated hybrid delivery system using green synthesized CuO NPs is developed to deliver miRNA-29b to A549 cells. This delivery system can effectively deliver miRNAs to cancer cells, with superior performance compared to traditionally available transfection agents, thus acting as an efficient platform for intracellular miRNA delivery and improving therapeutic outcomes for lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To synthesis and characterize some novel isatin-incorporated thiadiazoles and screen them for anti-breast cancer activity in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). Method: A series of isatin incorporated Schiff bases of thiadiazoles (3a-3l) was synthesized by reaction of substituted thiadiazoles (1a-1d) with isatin (2a) and N-alkyl substituted isatin (2b-2c) and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LCMS. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) methods. Results: Compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3g and 3j showed anticancer activity in both MTT and SRB assay. Compound 3-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)-1-ethylindolin-2-one (3g) showed most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines. Conclusion: The novel isatin incorporated thiadiazoles synthesized and characterized in this study possess anti-cancer activities in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). This can possibly lead to emergence of new anti-breast cancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five metal complexes with Schiff-base ligand, 3-((4-phenylthiazol-2-ylimino) methyl)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid were synthesized with metal ions such as Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II). The reaction likely proceeds via condensation of 2-amino-4-phenyl thiazole with 3-aldehydosalicylic acid and characterized by elemental analysis and various spectral studies like FT-IR, 1H NMR, ESI mass, and TGA/TDA and molar conductance studies. The spectral results revealed bidentate O-O donor and forms the complexes having square planar geometry. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the ligand and its metal complexes was found based on the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. The brine shrimp biological assay was also carry out to study the In vitro cytotoxicity properties for the ligand and its metal complexes against Artemia salina. Moreover, DNA cleavage experiments revealed that the Cu (II), Co (II) and Zn (II) complexes exhibited remarkable DNA cleavage activities via the generation of hydroxyl radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preparation of different weight percentages of CQD and MWCNT supported MnO 2 hybrid nanoparticles. • Photocatalytic degradation of MB dye under UV–Visible light with an efficiency of 89.83 %. • Study on anticancer activity of prepared hybrid samples against HeP2 Cell line. • The optimized weight percentage of MWCNT /CQDs/MnO 2 shows improved photocatalytic degradation and anticancer activity. The multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) supported MnO 2 hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by simple hydrothermal approach. Photocatalytic degradation and anticancer activity of the as-prepared hybrid samples were investigated against the methylene blue (MB) dye and HeP2 cell respectively. The hybrid nanoparticles show improved photocatalytic degradation against MB dye due to its fast charge carrier generation and improved charge carrier mobility. Similarly, the photocatalytic degradation ability of the 0.1 weight percentage of MWCNT loaded MnO 2 /CQDs hybrid samples show improved photocatalytic activity compared to other samples. In addition, the as-prepared MWCNT/CQD/MnO 2 -1, and MWCNT/CQD/MnO 2 -2 hybrid nanocomposites were assessed for their scavenging anti-cancer ability against HeLa cell lines in the different doses at various incubation intervals. In anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines, the high weight percentage of chitosan derived CQDs supported MWCNT/MnO 2 hybrid samples shows a high inhibition rate at minimal concentration due to their good synergy through effective molecular bindings. Also, the observed effective IC50 concentration of the MWCNT/CQD/MnO 2 -2 exhibits 15.6 μg/mL. All these results affirm that CQDs derived from chitosan play a significant role in comparison with MWCNT in achieving 50 % cell viability at minimum IC50 concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halloysite is a clay mineral with chemical similarity to kaolin, a pharmaceutical ingredient. It consists of mainly aluminosilicate nanotubular particles in the size range of ∼200–1000 nm. Many studies have tried to empirically explore this novel clay for its potential in drug delivery systems but no work has yet studied its cytotoxicity from the perspective of oral drug delivery system. In this study, the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were subjected to size distribution analyses, which reveal more than 50% of nanotubes in the size range of 500 nm and rest mainly in the sub micrometer range. HNTs were then evaluated for in-vitro cytotoxicity against HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells which represent the earliest entry point and the first accumulating organ, respectively, for nanoparticles en-route to systemic circulation after oral delivery. Moreover, HNTs were tested for their cytogenetic toxicity against human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Both these results collectively indicated that HNTs are generally safe at practical concentrations of excipients for oral dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is part of an ongoing program to develop a new CF/Flax/Epoxy bone fracture plate to be used in orthopedic trauma applications. The purpose was to determine this new plate's in-vitro effects on the level of bone formation genes, as well as cell viability in comparison with a medical grade metal (i.e. stainless steel) commonly employed for fabrication of bone plates (positive control). Cytotoxicity and osteogenesis induced by wear debris of the material were assessed using Methyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 3 osteogenesis specific gene markers, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix. Moreover, the Flax/Epoxy and CF/Epoxy composites were examined separately for their wettability properties by water absorption and contact angle (CA) tests using the sessile drop technique. The MTT results for indirect and direct assays indicated that the CF/Flax/Epoxy composite material showed comparable cell viability with no cytotoxicity at all incubation times to that of the metal group (p ≥ 0.05). Osteogenesis test results showed that the expression level of Runx2 marker induced by CF/Flax/Epoxy were significantly higher than those induced by metal after 48 h (p = 0.57). Also, the Flax/Epoxy composite revealed a hydrophilic character (CA = 68.07° ± 2.05°) and absorbed more water up to 17.2% compared to CF/Epoxy, which reached 1.25% due to its hydrophobic character (CA = 93.22° ± 1.95°) (p < 0.001). Therefore, the new CF/Flax/Epoxy may be a potential candidate for medical applications as a bone fracture plate, as it showed similar cell viability with no negative effect on gene expression levels responsible for bone formation compared to medical grade stainless steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrido[2,3- a]carbazoles were synthesized by multicomponent reactions using l-proline as catalyst. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by all spectral means. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized pyrido[2,3- a]carbazoles was evaluated by SRB (sulforhodamine B) assay against MCF-7 (Breast Cancer), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma), and A549 (Human Lung adenocarcinoma). Cisplatin, a clinically used antitumor agent was also evaluated for standard. All the newly synthesized pyrido carbazoles showed moderate to good cytotoxic activity and their structural activity relationship has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Double w/o/w SNEDDS of imatinib mesylate (IMT) prepared by aqueous phase titration. • From the pseudo ternary diagram, F-SEN-5 was found to be optimized formulation. • F-SEN-5 has a higher %CDR (99.42 ± 5.23%) at 60 min & transmittance(%)(98.56 ± 0.56%). • F-SEN-5 has 20% more In-vitro cytotoxicity than free IMT when studies on MDST8. • Double w/o/w SNEDDS of IMT would be the best approach to target colon cancer. The aim of the research was to prepare & evaluate double w/o/w self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of imatinib mesylate (IMT) and to investigates its anticancer activity against MDST8 human colon carcinoma cell lines. The self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system was prepared by the aqueous phase titration method. After the necessary screening, the optimized formulation (F-SEN-5) was characterized for surface morphology, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (Philips CM 120 BioTwin, U.S.A.). Furthermore, average droplet diameter (Δdm), polydispersity index (PDI), refractive index (Ri), viscosity (η), percentage transmittance (%T), percentage drug content (% DC), In-vitro drug release studies were measured for all the formulations; The optimized F-SEN-5 shows R2 = 0.9987, n (0.5 < n < 1.0) = 0.732, indicating the Korsmeyer-Peppas drug release model and anomalous transport. The higher drug release profile (99.42 ± 5.23%) at 60 min, higher transmittance (%) (98.56 ± 0.56%), low viscosity (28.67 ± 3.67cps), low PDI (0.078 ± 0.05), low average droplet diameter (47.56 ± 5.78 nm) at 2:1 S mix ratio. The in-vitro cytotoxicity (%) and IC 50 value of F-SEN-5 while treating MDST8 human colon carcinoma cell lines were found to be 93.71 ± 8.11% and 15 µM. The formulation provides an additional 20% more efficiency than the free IMT drug. Overall, these findings suggested that double w/o/w nanoemulsions can be successfully used for SNEDDS of IMT for chemoprevention of colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the metabolites secreted by brown algae, Cystoseira crinita , were used as biocatalyst for green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy linked with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Data showed successful formation of crystallographic and spherical MgO-NPs with sizes of 3-18 nm at a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 320 nm. Moreover, EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O in the sample with weight percentages of 54.1% and 20.6%, respectively. Phyco-fabricated MgO-NPs showed promising activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 50 μg mL -1 . The IC 50 value of MgO-NPs against cancer cell lines (Caco-2) was 113.4 μg mL -1 , whereas it was 141.2 μg mL -1 for normal cell lines (Vero cell). Interestingly, the green synthesized MgO-NPs exhibited significant larvicidal and pupicidal activity against Musca domestica. At 10 μg mL -1 MgO-NPs, the highest mortality percentages were 99.0%, 95.0%, 92.2%, and 81.0% for I, II, III instars' larvae, and pupa of M. domestica , respectively, with LC 50 values (3.08, 3.49, and 4.46 μg mL -1 ), and LC 90 values (7.46, 8.89, and 10.43 μg mL -1 ), respectively. Also, MgO-NPs showed repellence activity for adults of M. domestica at 10 μg mL -1 with 63.0%, 77.9%, 84.9%, and 96.8% after 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Fouda, Eid, Abdel-Rahman, EL-Belely, Awad, Hassan, AL-Faifi and Hamza.)

Herein, bacterial isolate HIS7 was obtained from contaminated soil and exhibited high efficacy to degrade pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin. The HIS7 isolate was identified as Lysinibacillus cresolivuorans based on its morphology and physiology characteristics as well as sequencing of 16S rRNA. The biodegradation percentages of 2500 ppm cypermethrin increased from 57.7% to 86.9% after optimizing the environmental factors at incubation condition (static), incubation period (8-days), temperature (35 °C), pH (7), inoculum volume (3%), and the addition of extra-carbon (glucose) and nitrogen source (NH4Cl2). In soil, L. cresolivuorans HIS7 exhibited a high potential to degrade cypermethrin, where the degradation percentage increased from 54.7 to 93.1% after 7 to 42 days, respectively. The qualitative analysis showed that the bacterial degradation of cypermethrin in the soil was time-dependent. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the soil extract showed one peak for control at retention time (R.T.) of 3.460 min and appeared three peaks after bacterial degradation at retention time (R.T.) of 2.510, 2.878, and 3.230 min. The Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis confirmed the successful degradation of cypermethrin by L. cresolivuorans in the soil. The toxicity of biodegraded products was assessed on the growth performance of Zea mays using seed germination and greenhouse experiment and in vitro cytotoxic effect against normal Vero cells. Data showed the toxicity of biodegraded products was noticeably decreased as compared with that of cypermethrin before degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The color change of the upconversion emission color was tunable for the Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped layered perovskites. • Upconversion driven NIR luminescent single oxide nanosheets were fabricated by chemical exfoliation. • In-vitro cytotoxicity of the upconverting Ruddlesden-Popper type perovskites and their nanosheets was reported. The upconversion behavior of Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped Ruddlesden-Popper type K 2 Ln 2 Ti 3 O 10 layered perovskites was investigated. The lanthanide pair was selected for achieving 980 nm-driven green, red, and NIR emission. The perovskites having different dopant compositions were synthesized by a conventional solid-state procedure by substitution of La3+ ions in the host lattice. Moreover, the single nanosheets having approximately 1.8 nm thickness and 2 μm lateral size were obtained via chemical exfoliation. The non-doped and co-doped layered materials and the nanosheets derived from these materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and custom-made experimental set-up of upconversion emission spectroscopy. According to the XRD profiles, the perovskites had the layered orientation and water molecules in the interlayer domain because of their hygroscopic nature. The co-doped layered perovskites presented two-photon excited green and red emissions, identified as 4S 3/2 →4I 15/2 with 2H 11/2 →4I 15/2 and 4F 9/2 →4I 15/2 of the Er3+ transitions with a NIR emission. The intensity of red to green ratio emission of the materials increased with respect to the co-dopant concentration. The nanosheets' upconversion emission was weak in the visible region compared to their layered morphology. On the other hand, the NIR emission based on 3H 4 → 3H 6 transition of the Tm3+ ions was preserved despite the acid and solvent treatments to break apart the layered orientation. MTT assay and Calcein/PI staining were conducted to evaluate cytotoxicity of non-doped and Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped K 2 Ln 2 Ti 3 O 10 perovskites and their exfoliated nanosheets on HEK 293 and HepG2 cell lines. Both assays indicated that although cell viability decreases with increasing concentration, good cell viability was observed at even 100 μg/mL. In addition to their excellent luminescent and optical features, the nanomaterials also demonstrated low cytotoxicity increasing the potential for their use in laser-based biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single step method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was developed. • Cytotoxicity of Acacia lignin and AGNP on MCF-7 cancer cell line was studied. • Study reported the ultra-sensitivity detection ability of AGNPs towards heavy metal ions. • The lignin-silver nano catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity in the degradation of MB and p -NP. • AGNPs displayed antimicrobial properties against gram positive and gram negative microorganism. The present study uncovers the in-vitro cytotoxicity, sensing properties, catalytic and antibacterial activity of lignin functionalized silver nanoparticles (AGNPs). Fabricated AGNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, particle size, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) analyses. The typical surface plasmon resonance peak of AGNP was recorded at 410 nm, as confirmed from UV–vis spectrum. Synthesized AGNPs displayed spherical shape and face centric cubic structure with average size of 10–50 nm. In-vitro cytotoxicity assay using MCF-7 cancer cell line revealed that the extracted lignin was non-toxic while AGNPs displayed toxicity at both 5 and 50 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. Evaluation of the sensing property of AGNPs suggested that the lignin stabilized silver nanoparticles have potential to detect the concentration of heavy metal ions up to nanomolar range. AGNPs also showed good catalytic activity with the rate constants of 0.00098 and 0.01525 min−1 respectively for methylene blue dye and p -nitrophenol reduction. Moreover, AGNPs displayed antibacterial efficacy against both gram positive and negative strains. These findings suggest that lignin mediated AGNPs can find applications in different fields including biomedical, drug delivery, textile, biosensor, food packaging material, and textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]