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Triterpenoid saponins (TSs) are common plant defense phytochemicals with potential pharmaceutical properties. Platycodon grandiflorus (Campanulaceae) has been traditionally used to treat bronchitis and asthma in East Asia. The oleanane-type TSs, platycosides, are a major component of the P. grandiflorus root extract. Recent studies show that platycosides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer, antiviral, and antiallergy properties. However, the evolutionary history of platycoside biosynthesis genes remains unknown. In this study, we sequenced the genome of P. grandiflorus and investigated the genes involved in platycoside biosynthesis. The draft genome of P. grandiflorus is 680.1 Mb long and contains 40,017 protein-coding genes. Genomic analysis revealed that the CYP716 family genes play a major role in platycoside oxidation. The CYP716 gene family of P. grandiflorus was much larger than that of other Asterid species. Orthologous gene annotation also revealed the expansion of β-amyrin synthases (bASs) in P. grandiflorus, which was confirmed by tissue-specific gene expression. In these expanded gene families, we identified key genes showing preferential expression in roots and association with platycoside biosynthesis. In addition, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing showed that CYP716 and bAS genes are hypomethylated in P. grandiflorus, suggesting that epigenetic modification of these two gene families affects platycoside biosynthesis. Thus whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome data of P. grandiflorus provide novel insights into the regulation of platycoside biosynthesis by CYP716 and bAS gene families.

Triterpenoid saponins (TSs) are common plant defense phytochemicals with potential pharmaceutical properties. Platycodon grandiflorus (Campanulaceae) has been traditionally used to treat bronchitis and asthma in East Asia. The oleanane-type TSs, platycosides, are a major component of the P. grandiflorus root extract. Recent studies show that platycosides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer, antiviral, and antiallergy properties. However, the evolutionary history of platycoside biosynthesis genes remains unknown. In this study, we sequenced the genome of P. grandiflorus and investigated the genes involved in platycoside biosynthesis. The draft genome of P. grandiflorus is 680.1 Mb long and contains 40,017 protein-coding genes. Genomic analysis revealed that the CYP716 family genes play a major role in platycoside oxidation. The CYP716 gene family of P. grandiflorus was much larger than that of other Asterid species. Orthologous gene annotation also revealed the expansion of β-amyrin synthases (bASs) in P. grandiflorus, which was confirmed by tissue-specific gene expression. In these expanded gene families, we identified key genes showing preferential expression in roots and association with platycoside biosynthesis. In addition, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing showed that CYP716 and bAS genes are hypomethylated in P. grandiflorus, suggesting that epigenetic modification of these two gene families affects platycoside biosynthesis. Thus whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome data of P. grandiflorus provide novel insights into the regulation of platycoside biosynthesis by CYP716 and bAS gene families.

MicroRNA (miRNA) are found in numerous biofluids including blood and are considered a new class of biomarkers. The data presented here are related to the research article entitled “Profiling and identification of pregnancy-associated circulating microRNAs in dairy cattle” (Markkandan et al. 2018). In the cited article, we sequenced the circulating microRNAs of the three healthy dairy cows of normal and 30 days of pregnancy (DOP) using Illumina RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis between normal and pregnant samples showed perturbations in miRNA expression. Herein, we made a comparison of DEGs at normal and 60 DOP libraries. The analysis results showed that 147 known miRNAs were differently expressed at 60 DOP groups when compared to the normal group. In addition, stage specific miRNAs were also predicted. Keywords: Circulating microRNA, Holstein, MiRNA-sequencing, Exosome, Pregnancy

Background Transposon-mediated, non-viral gene delivery is a powerful tool for generating stable cell lines and transgenic animals. However, as multi-copy insertion is the preferred integration pattern, there is the potential for uncontrolled changes in endogenous gene expression and detrimental effects in cells or animals. Our group has previously reported on the generation of several transgenic cattle by using microinjection of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) and PiggyBac (PB) transposons and seeks to explore the long-term effects of this technology on cattle. Results Transgenic cattle, one female (SNU-SB-1) and one male (SNU-PB-1), reached over 36 months of age with no significant health issues and normal blood parameters. The detection of transgene integration and fluorescent signal in oocytes and sperm suggested the capacity for germline transmission in both of the founder animals. After natural breeding, the founder transgenic cow delivered a male calf and secreted milk containing fluorescent transgenic proteins. The calf expressed green fluorescent protein in primary cells from ear skin, with no significant change in overall genomic stability and blood parameters. Three sites of transgene integration were identified by next-generation sequencing of the calf’s genome. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrate that transposon-mediated transgenesis can be applied to cattle without being detrimental to their long-term genomic stability or general health. We further suggest that this technology may be usefully applied in other fields, such as the generation of transgenic animal models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4760-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Table S1. All transgene integration sites in SNU-F1â 2. (DOCX 24 kb)

In the background of rapidly increasing domestic cloud service demand, worries about security and privacy incidents can hinder the promotion of cloud service industry. Thus, it is crucial that the independent 3rd party assures the reliability for using the cloud service. This paper compares several external and internal cloud service certification cases, for example CSA certification, FedRAMP certification, KCSA certification, and concludes that insufficient security and privacy controls are prevailing. As a consequence, several enhanced countermeasures by using ISO/IEC 27017, KISA’s ISMS considering manageability and expertise are proposed in the cloud service c ertification system.Keywords: Cloud, Certification, Security, Control I.서 론 클라우드서비스(cloud service)는 IT분야에서 모바일 환경으로 전환되면서 전세계적으로 가장 빠른 성장세를 보이고 있다. 2013년 시만텍 조사에 의하면 2012년에 전세계의 기업 중 90% 이상이 클라우드서비스를 도입할 예정이라고 하였다[1]. 또한 2012년 시스코에서 발간한 보고서에 의하면 전 세계 클라우드 트래픽은 2011년부터 연평균 44% 성장하여 2016년에는 전 세계 데이터센터 트래픽의 60% 이상을 차지

A key distribution scheme is used to distribute a session key for broadcasting systems(multicast communications). None of the existing key distribution schemes with the exception of the Jeong-Kwon-Lee key distribution scheme provide both security against session state reveal attacks and security against long-term key reveal attacks. Unfortunately, the Jeong-Kwon-Lee key distribution scheme suffers from three disadvantages in terms of efficiency unlike the existing schemes: (1) Unscalability for the dynamic user group, (2) Abuse of cryptographic algorithms, and (3) Inefficiency. In this paper, we propose an ID-based key distribution scheme which is secure against session state reveal attacks and long-term key reveal attacks. Also, our scheme offers the scalability, non-usage of additional cryptographic algorithms, and efficiency similar to those of the existing schemes.

The rapid advance of communication technology is evolving the network environment into the broadband convergence network. Likewise, the IT services operated in the individual network are also being quickly converged in the broadband convergence network environment. VoIP and IPTV are two examples of such new services. Efforts are being made to develop the video phone service, which is an advanced form of the voice-oriented VoIP service. However, the new IT services will be subject to stability and reliability vulnerabilities if the relevant security issues are not answered during the convergence of the existing IT services currently being operated in individual networks within the wider broadband network environment. To resolve such problems, this paper attempts to analyze the possible threats and identify the necessary security measures before the deployment of the new IT services. Furthermore, it measures the quality of the encryption algorithm application example to describe the appropriate algorithm in order to present security technology that will have no negative impact on the quality of the video phone service., {"references":["Basic BcN Establishment Plan II (draft), Ministry of Information and\nCommunication, 2006.3.","Standard BcN Model v2.0, TTA, 2006. 12. 21.","Status of BcN Information Security Technology Development, Korean\nSociety for Internet Information, 2005. 9.","IBM Systems Science Institute.","Cynthia Irvine, Timoty Levin, \"Quality of Security Service\", pp22-25,\nDARPA/ITO Quorum PI Meeting, New Orleans, LA May.2001.","DongHoon Shin, \"Study of Information Security Pre-Evaluation Model\nfor New IT Service\", Korea Information Processing Society, 2005.11.","Status of BcN Information Security Technology Development, ETRI,\n2005. 9.","VoIP Security and Privacy Threat Taxonomy, VoIPSA, 2005. 10.","Next Generation Networks and Security: An Introduction,\nvoipsecurity.org, 2005. 4.\n[10] TISPAN NGN Security (NGN_SEC) Requirements, NGN Release1\n(draft ETSI TS 187 001), 2005.10.\n[11] ITU-T FGNGN, http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ngn/fgngn/"]}

At present, interest in the new IT services (Wibro, DMB, VoIP, IPTV, etc) is on the rise, and the government is promoting the IT839 Strategy. Any service provider who wants to provide a new IT service needs to secure appropriate security measures based on a threat and vulnerability analysis from the service planning stage. In addition, the need to prepare countermeasures against the possibility of quality deterioration due to the application of security measures has frequently been pointed out. However, it is difficult to use the existing methodologies to perform a threat and vulnerability analysis that enables the application of the security technology without sacrificing quality (when applied at the planning stage for a new IT service), as these methodologies are only suitable for the information assets of an organization that has already been established. This paper proposes an information security framework capable of identifying security threats at the new IT service planning stage, and of easily identifying the relevance between the security technologies and QoS, so that the security technology can be applied while maintaining the quality of the service.

In this paper, we present design and implementation of SITIS: a middleware for intrusion tolerance of internet service. SITIS is designed for scalable deployment of intrusion tolerant capability in essential internet services. SITIS has abnormal status monitoring and group management modules. The monitoring module gathers various system-information such as memory and processor usages, and group management module manage the server farm using several mechanism such as group leader selection, abnormal server isolation and joining of new server. Also, the voting mechanism is utilized in the group management to check the integrity of each member’s service. In our work, we developed the web server’s intrusion tolerance system using SITIS middleware and it is presented at the end of this paper.