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Background: Double J stent is used to prevent complications after extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) like ureteric obstruction. Extent the ureteral stent affects stone fragments passage in patients, with renal stone, who had shock wave lithotripsy. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Double J stent on stone clearance after extra corporeal shockwave lithotripsy. Methods: A total of 194 patients with pelvic renal stones were treated with extra corporeal shockwave Lithotripsy, divided into two groups: Group 1 represents n= 97, 50%, patients with double-J (DJ) stent while, Group 2 n= 97, 50%, patients without DJ stent. These patients were further subdivided into two more groups as per stone burden: Group A n=184, 94.4% hold the stone size of ≤ 1.0 cm – 2.0 cm and Group B, n=11, 5.6% consisted of 2.1 cm – 3.0 cm stone size. The effect of DJ stent on stone passage was evaluated by statistical analysis included Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U test, Cross-Tabulation and p-value=0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 194 patients, the male: female ratio was 136(69.7%):55 (30.0%) with a mean age of 42.77±14.24. Single and multiple stones were present in 133(68.2%) and 62(31.8%) respectively. In cross-tab analysis stone clearance rates were 83(42.7%) with DJ stenting while 14 (7.2%) stones were pending, similarly, 87(44.8%) were stone free without DJ stenting and 10(5.1%) were pending. Large stones were reportedly more prone to complications such as hematuria and loin pain (p=0.074). Conclusion: Stone free rate is significantly higher in the non-stented group than in stented with pelvic renal stone. Keywords: Renal Stones; DJ Stents; Lithotripsy; DJ Stent Complications.

Background: Simple nephrectomy is a technique of removing the kidney from within the gerota’s fascia and is usually for a non-functioning kidney. While for renal tumors, radical nephrectomy is done, which involves the removal of the kidney with gerota’s fascia along with the ureter. Histopathology of patients who undergo simple nephrectomy sometime reveals renal malignancy. Such patients often need further treatment as simple nephrectomy in such cases is mostly suboptimal. The number of studies reporting tumors in simple nephrectomy specimens is limited. We aim to report single-center pathological findings in nephrectomy specimens from patients treated for non-functioning kidneys due to renal stone disease. Methodology: The medical record of patients (n=210) who underwent simple nephrectomy between 2014 and 2021 at the Kidney Centre Postgraduate Training Institute due to renal stone disease was reviewed retrospectively. Results: The total number of patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for non-functioning kidneys due to stone disease was 210. Of those patients, 117 were males, and 93 were females. The mean age was 45.33 ± 17.65 years. The histopathology report of specimens revealed renal malignancy in 10 patients (4.76%), xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 11 patients, tuberculosis of the kidney in 7 patients, and chronic pyelonephritis in 182 patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of renal malignancy in patients undergoing simple nephrectomy is significantly high.

Background: Predicting stone clearance before intervention can be useful to plan the modality of treatment and calculate the cost of procedures. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of successful stone clearance in a patient undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with different categories of Guy's Stone Score (GSS). Methodology: A total of 115 patients undergoing standard PCNL from January to December 2018 were included in this study. According to GSS I-IV, patients were then categorized into four groups after having pre-operative Computed Tomography of Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB). All the patients received standard general anesthesia and underwent standard PCNL in a prone position. The Percutaneous nephrostomy 18-gauge needle is passed into the pelvis of the kidney, Pelvi-calyceal system opacified and confirmed using fluoroscopy, a guidewire is passed, and 30 Fr Amplatz sheath is introduced after serial dilatation. A 26 Fr nephroscope is then inserted through the working sheath, and the stone is fragmented and removed. Finally, a nephrostomy drain tube is kept at the puncture site. The outcome was accessed in terms of stone clearance rate after PCNL on the 2nd postoperative day using the radiological modality of CT-KUB. Results: Among the 115 patients here were 48(41.7%) categorized as GSS I, 26(22.6%) categorized as GSSII, 20(17.4%) categorized as GSS III, and 21(18.3%) categorized as GSS IV. The overall stone clearance observed was 64.3%, individual stone clearance was GSS I=91.66%, GSS II=53.84%, GSS III=50%, and GSS IV=28.57%. Stone clearance among the different GSS categories was significantly different (p

This study examined the potential impacts of entrepreneurial leadership on followers' psychological wellbeing and proactive work behavior through sustainable employability and work uncertainty in a sample of 218 employees employed in SMEs of Pakistan. Hierarchical regression results demonstrated that entrepreneurial leadership was positively connected with sustainable employability and negatively linked with work uncertainty. Sequentially, sustainable employability was positively correlated with proactive work behavior and employees' psychological wellbeing, and work uncertainty was negatively associated with proactive work behavior and employees' psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 crisis. Furthermore, bootstrapping confirmed the mediation effects of work uncertainty and sustainable employability on proactive work behavior and the psychological wellbeing of employees. Sustainable employability did not mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and psychological wellbeing. Mediators, sustainable employability, and work uncertainty positively linked employees' psychological wellbeing and proactive work behavior. The results highlighted the significant roles of sustainable employability and work uncertainty and interpreted why entrepreneurial leadership may affect employees' positive behaviors.

Based on the theory of planned behavior, this paper presents a study on the core components of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and introduces a moral emotional variable, namely environmental indebtedness, as the emotional factors in the attitude variable to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of consumer green purchase behavior. To examine the predictors of consumer green purchase behavior, data were collected from Chinese consumers and a total of 408 responses were considered valid. Through comparative analysis, it is found that environmental cognition, descriptive norm, and self-efficacy have a highly significant positive impact on green purchase intention, and self-efficacy was found the best predictor of intention. In addition to that, when environmental indebtedness, self-efficacy, controllability, and green purchase intention jointly have significant effects on green purchase behavior, environmental indebtedness has the best effect. This research offers significant contributions and provides decision-making recommendations.

This paper investigates the impact of trade openness and public expenditures on health status in OIC member countries. Panel data of 47 OIC member countries from 1991 to 2017 is taken from the World Development Indicators (WDI). The econometric results are estimated using GMM technique to avoid the endogeneity issue in panel data analysis. The results reveal that trade openness, public health expenditures, public education expenditures and economic growth are positively and significantly correlated with life expectancy in overall OIC countries and high income OIC countries. GDP is negatively and significantly correlated with life expectancy in low income OIC countries. Trade openness, public health expenditures, public education expenditures and GDP are negatively and significantly correlated with infant mortality rate in overall OIC countries and high income OIC countries. GDP has positively and significantly correlated with infant mortality rate in low income OIC countries

Countries across the world have acknowledged that poverty alleviation has to be of critical importance among the objectives of economic development. This paper sheds light on the Multan division, as one the important division of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The primary data was collected through a household survey during the year 2019.The study concluded that occupation of the household head in the primary sector and household size are significant and positively associated with household poverty. However, human capital of the household is found to be significant and negatively related to household poverty in the Multan division. Economic development or per capita income of the households are found to be significant and positively related with human capital of the households.

The present study focuses on the D. G. Khan division, which is one of the important divisions of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Being less developed, this study tries to find out different factors that can contribute to the betterment of this region. The study was based on primary data collected during the year 2019. The findings revealed that human capital is the most significant factor that can contribute to alleviating poverty and promoting the development of the D.G. Khan division.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of monetary policy on inflation and investment in Pakistan. Methodology: Our study employs the Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) over the time of 1972 to 2019. Findings: The empirical findings show that in the long-run impact of money supply has significant and positive on investment and other variables trade, foreign direct investment, gross domestic saving, services are also positively associated with the investment. While other variables interest rate and exchange rate negatively linked with investment. Empirical findings of the second econometric model show the core variable money supply has a significant and positive on inflation including other variables foreign direct investment, exchange rate, exports and government expenditures on education but other variables interest rate, gross domestic saving and agriculture output negatively linked with inflation. Implications: The study indicates that a stable monetary policy should be introduced to improve a country's economic development. Monetary policy should be used to build an agreeable environment of uncertainty that draws both domestic and outside investors to promote economic growth. Economic growth can be accomplished by encouraging efficient monetary policy steps for inflation stability and attractive interest rates.

This study aims to examine the influence of Trade Liberalization, Environmental Quality (CO2 Emission) on Services Sector Growth in some selected developing. The estimation of the study considers panel data unit root and panel data ARDL approach. The environmental quality is represented by Carbon Dioxide Emission and trade liberalization is by trade openness. The results of Panel Unit Root test summarize that Panel ARDL is the most appropriate method of estimation for having Panel Coefficient values due to mixed order of integration for developing countries. The empirical findings of model, in Developing Countries, Labor Force, Capital Stock, Trade Openness, Money Supply, Government Expenditure and Human Capital exert upward pressure on Services Value Addition while Carbon Dioxide Emission and Price Level is putting download pressure on Services Value Addition.

Different socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households have been examined over time, across the world. Developing countries are struggling and striving to achieve the path of economic development. The present study has based on primary data, collected through a household survey during the year 2019. Human capital constitutes education, health, skills and on-the-job training are the most significantly related to the prosperity of the households. The results of the study conclude human capital is the most significant and influential factor that would play a vital role in promoting the prosperity and development of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Government should develop various projects to promote education in Pakistan. Vocational training schools would help to enhance the skills of the households.

To pursue the poverty reduction goals, various socio-economic, demographic, human development factors should be linked together for a better quality of life, good macro-economic performance and overall economic development of the developing countries. The present study focuses on the Bahawalpur division, Pakistan. A household survey was conducted to collect data from 353 household heads. i.e., respondents using the Binomial Logit and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression techniques. The findings of the study reveal that human capital is the most influencing factor that positively affects the per capita income of households. Moreover, Human capital negatively affects the household’s poverty.

This paper covers previous studies' deficiencies and re-examine the theoretical model using a heterogeneous panel GMM technique, which overcomes cross-section dependency. In the current sample of developing nations, developed two models'; model 1 consists of the domestic output gap, and the second model includes the foreign output gap. According to model 1, foreign globalization and imports boost the inflation level in developing countries and disaggregation analysis (low, lower-middle, and upper-middle-income countries). The output gap impedes inflation in overall, lower-middle, and upper-middle-income countries, while it boosts inflation in low-income nations. And unemployment level increases the inflation rate in the overall and middle-income groups, while in low- and high-income countries, it decreases. According to the second model, foreign globalization and the foreign output gap boost overall low-income, middle-income, and upper-middle-income groups. While import reduces the inflation level globally, while in low-income, middle-income, and upper-middle-income groups, it increases inflation. Finally, the unemployment level boosts the global inflation level and as well as in low income, and it impedes inflation rate in upper-middle-income group. Despite this, there is considerable variation in countries' effect, perhaps due to differences in political institutions' quality, central bank independence, exchange rate systems, financial development, and legal traditions.

This study examines the relationship between trade liberalization, gender inequality and economic development in 18 selected developing countries over the time period from 1993 to 2017. Panel ARDL approach has been employed to examine the relationship among variables. The results of the study suggest that trade openness and gender inequality in education and employment, and female to male ratio have negative impact on GDP per capita in developing countries. Based on these results and keeping in view the importance of trade openness and gender equality for economic development, this study is useful to suggest that export led trade policy and provision of equal opportunities to both male and female in education and employment should be adopted in order to achieve higher levels of economic development and for bringing gender equality in all economic activities.

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare safety and efficacy of supine versus prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in terms of stonefree rate, operative time, anesthesia time and blood loss in a retrospective case-control trial.Materials and Methods:Fifty patients underwent supine PCNL during the study period (group A). Equal number of patients, who underwent prone PCNL during same period with similar demographic and clinical attributes, were taken as controls (group B). Demographic details, such as gender and age, and body mass index, stone size, stone location and stone laterality were comparable between the two groups. Pre- and post-operative hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients in both groups were tabulated. Variables analyzed to compare the groups included operative time, anesthesia time, fall in Hb, blood transfusion, stone clearance and need for auxiliary procedure.Results:The median operative time (minutes) in patients of group A [35; interquartile ratio (IQR): 25], was significantly different from group B (70; IQR: 40) (p=0.000). The median anesthesia time (minutes) in patients in group A (50; IQR: 25) was significantly different from group B (85; 45) (p=0.000). The median fall in Hb (g/dL) in patients in group A (1.700; IQR: 1.2) was significantly different from group B (1.200; IQR: 2.4) (p=0.967). Two patients in group A and 7 in group B needed blood transfusion (p=0.080). Thirty two patient in group A and 34 in group B achieved stonefree status (p=0.833). Eleven patients in group A and 6 in group B needed auxiliary procedure in the form of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (p=0.287).Conclusion:Supine PCNL is as safe and effective as conventionally performed prone PCNL, with an added benefit of decreased operative and anesthesia time.

Objective: To evaluate the importance of post-operative hemoglobin and electrolyte monitoring after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and establish the parameters to be considered for monitoring.Materials and Methods:Data of patients who underwent TURP between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. Data regarding prostate size, irrigation fluid volume, resection time, pre- and post-operative electrolytes, hemoglobin levels taken within 48 hours before and after surgery, and blood transfusion information were collected. In order to establish parameters for post-operative laboratory monitoring, we categorized prostate size, resection time, and irrigation fluid into groups i.e. (80 g), (60 min) and (40 L) respectively.Results:A total of 1.000 patients were included. The median age was 66 years with the minimum of 46 years and maximum of 98 years. The median prostate size was 54.26 g. Among all pre- and post-operative laboratory parameters, only hemoglobin and sodium showed a significant change, which were analyzed further. Drop in hemoglobin was significantly associated with increasing prostate size and volume of irrigation fluid. Patients with a prostate size of >80 g had 27.3 times higher chance of significant (>2 g) drop in hemoglobin while 5.1 times higher when irrigation volume exceeded 40 liters. Low levels of sodium were strongly associated with prostate size, irrigation fluid volume, and resection time. However, all these factors become insignificant (p≥0.05) for their effect on low sodium, when these variables were adjusted with each other. Blood transfusion was performed in 27 patients. All these patients belonged to a group of patients with prostate size of more than 80 g with high resection time and irrigation fluid volume. Three patients had TUR syndrome. Post-operative hemoglobin and electrolytes monitoring contributed to a change in the management of only 14% of patients.Conclusion:Routine post-operative hemoglobin and electrolyte measurement is not required in every patient undergoing TURP. Use of risk stratification approach will help us to decide which patient needs post-operative lab testing.

The current examination ascertains the impact of foreign direct investment, urbanization, economic growth, fossil fuel consumption on carbon emissions in eleven rising Asian economies. Panel data has been scrutinized from 1990 to 2018, and (ARDL)/PMG model is executed. The outcomes of the model exemplify that in these growing Asian economies, the triumph to cuitivate economic growth, foreign direct investment, urbanization and fossil fuels are bestowing CO2 emissions and deteriorating the environmental circumstances at the regional level. Moreover, the conclusions emphasis that foreign direct investment is a source of environmental humiliation and increases carbon emissions at the regional level. Furthermore, outcomes of the investigate also confirmes the existence of (EKC) in these eleven emerging Asian economies. The study also suggest that by lessening the consumption of fossil fuel energy and encouragement of an environmental responsive economic growth policy will be suitable for the affluence in these emerging developing Asian economies and also the rest of world.

The present study explores the influence of challenge stressors on identity orientation directly and via thriving at work and employee investment. Drawing on the broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions, this study proposes challenge stressors as a critical predictor of identity orientation. The purpose of this article is to explore if a particular identity is salient in different contextual factors, and this study suggests that challenge stressors stimulate personal, relational, and collective identities to respond to a situation. The relationships hypothesized in this study were tested using a sample of 225 employees from the banking sector of Pakistan. A time-lagged research design consisting of two waves of data collection was employed. A structural equation modeling technique was used to test the hypotheses regarding the relationship between challenge stressors and identity orientation, including the role of thriving at work and employee investment as intervening mechanisms of this relationship. Results showed that challenge stressors had a significant positive relationship with identity orientation. The results also confirmed the sequential mediation of thriving at work and employee investment in the relationship between challenge stressors and identity orientation. The findings suggest that the positive side of stress as a strength motivates employees for continued self-development. Importantly, challenge stressors enhance employees’ ability to thrive at work and, in turn, they invest in the work more and identify themselves strongly with their organization and work.

Background: Nephrostomy tract itself is the most common source of hemorrhage during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which can be avoided by puncturing through the calyx with minimal angulation between calyceal system and the nephroscope shaft. Smaller the sheath diameter, lesser would be the bleeding. Our objective was to compare mean change in hemoglobin (HB) level in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with 24 versus 30 French Amplatz sheath. Methods: In this study, 142 patients were randomly divided into Group A undergoing procedure with 24 French Amplatz sheath; and Group B with 30 French sheath. At the end of procedure in both groups, nephrostomy tube was kept for 24 hours. On first post-operative day, patients’ HB was checked and compared with pre-operative data, along with blood transfusion rates. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Median age and interquartile range of Group-A and Group-B patients was (40; 18) and (41; 21) years respectively. While stone size of Group-A and Group-B patients reported as (2.0; 0.60) and (2.1; 0.70) cm. The operative time and interquartile ratio of Group-A and Group-B patients was (75; 45) and (85; 45) minutes and we found significant change in HB of Group-A (0.90; 0.80) with Group-B patients (1.90; 0.70) gm/dl respectively [p = 0.000]. Conclusion: It was observed that use of 24 French Amplatz sheath lead to less renal hemorrhage and less hemoglobin drop compared to standard 30 French Amplatz sheath. Thus, small size Amplatz sheath in percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be considered effective and safe option for treatment of renal stones.

The strategies expected to mitigate poverty tend to identify factors that are closely related to poverty and that could have influenced the policy implications. A household level data was collected to examine the poverty status and factors affecting poverty in Southern Punjab. A logistic regression technique was employed for the present analyses. The findings show that age and education of the household head, own house, spouse participation, remittances, number of earners in the household and physical assets reduces the probability of being poor in Southern Punjab. However, large household size, occupation in the primary sector, high dependency ratio and mental disability are associated with an increased probability of being poor in Southern Punjab. Government should adopt effective policy measures to generate employment and encourage the attainment of education for the poor households for the mitigation of poverty in this region.

This paper aims to examine stock market with a capacity building perspective for economic growth, focusing on the factors that enhance stock market capitalization in the long term. This study evaluates cross country series data of 26 emerging countries listed at MSCI index, through a period of 2006 to 2019. The data were collected through World Bank, Pakistan Stock Exchange and SECP database. Vector Error correction model and Multiple Regression analysis were applied on data to analyze the impact of assorted factors on stock market capitalization to GDP as a measure of long term capacity. The findings suggest that political stability and corporate tax rate are two important factors that may have significant impact on stock market capitalization to GDP. This research is different from all past researches with respect to methodological, aeon and acclimatization perspective. Capacity building is a relatively new phenomenon adopted from complex adaptive ecosystems and most studies in this area are of theoretical nature. Moreover, the fact that this research has considered not only the long term but also short-term market capitalization perspective, adds to its overall value and originality.

This paper aims to examine the differences in financial resilience of Islamic and Conventional Commercial banks with respect to the short term and long-term perspectives to pliability. The selected banks are compared on their resilience quotient exhibited by Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Z-Scores. This study evaluates cross country panel data of 157 listed and non-listed licensed Islamic banks located in 22 countries and same number of their conventional commercial counterparts, through a period of 1998 to 2018. The data were collected through BANKSCOPE database and World Bank publications. Ratio analysis and Multiple Regression analysis were applied on data to analyze the extent of resilience of both Islamic and Conventional banks.The findings suggest that there are considerable differences in short term and long term resilience quotient of Islamic and Conventional commercial banks. Where Islamic banks have relatively enervated position than Commercial banks on liquidity frontier, they hold a more resilient position with respect to z-score. ROE and Capital adequacy are two important factors that have a significant impact on bank resilience.This research is different from all past researches with respect to methodological, aeon and acclimatization perspective. Resilience is a relatively new phenomenon adopted from complex adaptive ecosystems and most studies in this area are of theoretical nature. Moreover, the fact that this research has considered not only the long term but also short-term resilience perspective, adds to its overall value and originality.

Purpose: To evaluate the initial experience and outcome of photo-selective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Pakistan with the use of a 980 nm diode laser. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed from November 2016 to December 2017. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH who planned for PVP were enrolled in the study. PVP was carried out with a diode laser at 980 nm (Biolitec Diode 180W laser) in a continuous wave with a 600 nm (twister) fiber. Baseline characteristics and perioperative data were compared. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), post void residual (PVR) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results: The mean age was 65.82±10.42, mean prostate size was 67.35±16.42, operative time was 55.85±18.01 and total energy was 198.68±49.12 kJ. At 3 months and 6 months, significant improvements were noted (p

Objective: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is most frequently performed procedure for renal stones 2 cm and larger. Perioperative hemorrhage being most common complication, warrants as important predicting factor of adverse outcomes. Prevention with inexpensive and safe drug like tranexamic acid (TA) would ultimately turn out to be cornerstone for establishing future guidelines. Aim of this study is to evaluate whether TA is efficacious in preventing blood loss during PCNL. Materials and Methods: Ethical review board approval taken. Sample size calculation yielded 240 patients, comprising 120 in each group. Group A receiving TA and group B receiving placebo. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), stone size, volume and location, preoperative blood count, creatinine, urine analysis, coagulation profile and necessary radiological investigations done. Randomization through lottery method. Both patient and investigator were blinded. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels done at 24 hours postoperatively and fall in values recorded. Results: Both groups were equal in characteristics like age, gender, BMI, stone size, volume and location (p>0.05). Operative variables like calyx punctured, position of puncture and operative time were also found to be similar in both groups. Median change in Hb in placebo group was 1.6 interquartile range (IQR) 4, while in TA group was 1.3 (IQR 7.8) (p=0.001). Similarly, median change in Hct level in placebo group was 3.6 (IQR 11.8) and in TA group was 2.4 (IQR 13) (p

Burst pressure is the vital parameter to be strong-minded for their design. Burst pressure is the pressure at which vessel crack and core fluid seep outs. A design shelterbound that ought to not be surpassed. Further than this pressure possibly willescort to mechanical fall foul of and enduring loss of pressure restraint. The present work is aimed in studying the pressure vessel (PV) made with composite material. During the study the PV is fabricated by glass fiber with 90O fiber angle and performed hydrostatic test. Later the same PV is modeled in Ansys and analyzed with various fiber angles to determine the failure by considering their deformation, stress and strain of the PV using GFRP, CFRP and hybrid composites. At last the results obtained are validated.

This study examines the impact of human and social capital on economic development in Pakistan by employing empirical evidence from primary data analysis. The survey was conducted in Multan District based on the household concerning questionnaire. The results conclude that age, on job training, area of residence, public health units, and work experience have positive and significant impact on economic development, while norms of the society and gender have negative impact on economic development. In other words, it is empirically evident from the analysis that human and social capital has strong impact on economic development. Therefore, there is an ardent need to bring the sustainable changes in human and social capital for inclusive growth and economic development in Pakistan.

This paper investigates the long run and short run relationships of monetary policy, inflation and economic growth in Pakistan using co-integration and causality analysis during the period 0f 1972-2010. A large number of empirical studies on the relationshipsof monetary policy and inflation are available and most of these have analyzed the effectiveness of monetary policy in controlling inflation in Pakistan. The present study fills the gap in the literature by analyzing the nexus of monetary policy, inflation andgrowth in Pakistan. The results indicate that credit to private sector, the variable of financial depth, real exchange rate and budget deficit are found elastic and significant variables to influence the real GDP in Pakistan. The pair-wise Granger Causality results suggest that real GDP and real exchange rate are causing to each other bi-directionally. The real GDP also do cause financial depth (M2GD), domestic credit (CREDIT) and budget deficit (BDEF) uni-directionally. The real exchange rate is also causing thefinancial depth and budget deficit variables. The results are consistent with the empirical literature.