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Objectives: The consecutive case series accesses the results and experiences of ridge augmentation using an umbrella screw tenting technique. Method and materials: In total, 279 patients were treated between 26 May 2015 and 16 June 2021, including horizontal and vertical ridge defects. Sex, age, smoking behavior, jaw, graft material, soft tissue thickness, extent of horizontal/vertical augmentation, resorption rate, and occurrence of early/late exposure were evaluated. Bone gain was determined by resorption at the screw head. Only cases without premature screw removal were evaluated metrically (n = 201). All other augmentations were evaluated according to whether implantation was possible with or without further augmentation (n = 27). A target performance index was calculated, which should enable evidence-based comparability of different augmentation methods in future. Results: In total, 54 wound dehiscences (39 early, 15 late exposures) occurred, which corresponds to 24.08% of the augmented sites; 42 umbrella screws were removed prematurely. In all cases an implantation was possible at the desired position afterwards. Cases with a vertical augmentation component showed a higher prevalence of exposure (early, P = .000; late, P = .024). The extent of the vertical augmentation was only relevant for early exposure (P = .048). Mean bone gain of 4.23 ± 1.69 mm horizontally and 4.11 ± 1.99 mm vertically could be achieved. Regression analysis showed that there was no limit in horizontal/vertical direction. Mean percentage target performance index was 75.90 ± 20.54 for vertical and 82.25 ± 16.67 for horizontal portions. Conclusion: The umbrella technique is an effective augmentation method, which can be applied to any defect morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exogenous gonadotropin-controlled ovarian stimulation is the critical step in animal reproductive management, such as pig, sheep, bovine and other species. It helps synchronize ovulation or stimulate multiple ovulations. However, a number of evidence indicated an unexpected decrease in pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the pregnancy defect and develop a practical rescue strategy. Results: Compared with those in the control group, gilts that underwent ovarian stimulation showed a decrease in pregnancy rate, farrowing rate, and total number of piglets born. Stimulated gilts also showed an increase in estradiol (E2) levels. The supraphysiological E2 level was correlated with the decrease in the number of piglets born. Furthermore, we found that high levels of E2 impair uterine receptivity, as shown by the overproliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that high levels of E2 hyperactivate FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade in the uterine endometrium, and in turn induces overproliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. Of note, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation effectively inhibits ERK hyperphosphorylation and ameliorates endometrial epithelial overproliferation. Importantly, in vivo experiments indicated that dietary NAC supplementation, compared with ovarian stimulation group, improves the uterine receptivity in gilts, and significantly increases the pregnancy rate and total number of piglets born. Conclusions: Ovarian stimulation-induced supraphysiological levels of E2 impairs uterine receptivity by hyperactivating FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade, thereby reducing pregnancy rate and litter size. Supplementing NAC to a conventional diet for gilts ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling and improves uterine receptivity, thus rescuing adverse pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mammalian species, pregnancy is a complex process that involves the maternal recognition of pregnancy, implantation, decidualization, placentation, and parturition. The innate immune system is composed of cellular components, such as natural killer cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, and effector molecules, such as cytokines, interferons, antimicrobial peptides, and complement components. The innate immune system plays a critical role as the first line of defense against infection or inflammation to maintain homeostasis and activate the adaptive immunity. During pregnancy, innate immune cells and effector molecules act on the regulation of innate immunity for host defense and processes such as embryo development, implantation, and placentation at the maternal--conceptus interface. In this review, we describe the components of the innate immune system and their functions at the maternal--conceptus interface to establish and maintain pregnancy in animal species that form hemochorial- or epitheliochorialtype placentas, including humans, rodents, ruminants, and pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various surgical procedures have employed microporous polysaccharide hemosphere (MPH) hemostatic agents. However, data regarding their effectiveness in preventing pocket hematomas (PHs) during the implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) among the Asian population are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of using MPH hemostatic agents during CIED implantations as a preventive measure against post‐procedural PHs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single‐center, observational study involving 255 consecutive Japanese patients who underwent CIED implantation between November 2017 and April 2021. We compared PH occurrences within 28 days after CIED implantation between patients who received MPH hemostatic agents (n = 145) and those who did not (n = 110). Results: PH development was observed in nine (6.2%) patients who received MPH hemostatic agents and in 13 (11.8%) patients without MPH hemostatic (p =.111). Kaplan–Meier analysis of PH development revealed no significant difference between the two groups (log‐rank p =.102). However, utilizing MPH hemostatic agents among patients taking antithrombotic drugs, including antiplatelet medications, direct oral anticoagulants, and warfarin, significantly reduced PH incidence (log‐rank p =.03). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that MPH hemostatic agent utilization independently correlated with a decreased PH risk (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.63, p =.004). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of MPH hemostatic agents into standard practice may benefit to mitigate PH risk during CIED implantations in patients on antithrombotic therapy. This simple and practical measure may be valuable, especially in high‐risk patients, such as those taking antithrombotic medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An adaptive cardiac resynchronization therapy (aCRT) algorithm allows continuous adjustments of pacing timings of atrioventricular delays by periodic automatic evaluation of electrical conduction. This applies to patients with an atrioventricular block and is effective in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices; however, whether this algorithm benefits patients with pacemaker dependency is uncertain. Methods: This study examined the clinical impact of an aCRT algorithm in patients diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pacemaker dependency. A total of 359 patients underwent CRT between January 2016 and December 2022. Patients undergoing pacemaker-dependent CRT with the aCRT algorithm function were selected. Sixty-four patients with pacemaker dependency (31 with aCRT algorithm and 33 without) were included. Pacemaker dependency was defined as the absence of spontaneous ventricular activity during the sensing test at VVI 30 bpm or prolonged atrioventricular delay (> 300 ms). The primary endpoint was the composite clinical outcome of all-cause death or hospitalization for heart failure. Results: No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between groups. During a median follow-up of 1,067 days (interquartile range 553–1,776 days), aCRT reduced the risk of composite clinical outcomes in patients with pacemaker dependency (log-rank P = 0.028). In addition, using the aCRT algorithm was an independent predictor of the composite clinical outcomes in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.12–0.94, P = 0.038). Conclusion: The aCRT algorithm significantly reduced the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with pacemaker dependency. This algorithm may be an important tool for managing such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical application of collagen-based biomaterials is expanding rapidly, especially in tissue engineering and cosmetics. While oral supplements and injectable skin boosters are popular for enhancing skin health, clinical evidence supporting their effectiveness remains limited. Injectable products show potential in revitalizing skin, but safety concerns persist due to challenges in sterilization and the risk of biological contamination. Traditional methods of sterilization (heat and irradiation) can denature collagen. This study addresses these issues by introducing a novel technique: the double filtration and low-temperature steam sterilization of a collagen gel. In vitro tests documented the sterility and confirmed that the collagen did not show cytotoxicity, degradation, integrity, and viscosity characteristics changes after the processing and sterilization. The collagen gel induced new collagen expression and the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts when the cells were cultured with the collagen gel. An in vivo study found no adverse effects in rats or significant lesions at the implantation site over 13 weeks. These results suggest that this novel method to process collagen gels is a safe and effective skin booster. Advanced processing methods are likely to mitigate the safety risks associated with injectable collagen products, though further research is needed to validate their biological effectiveness and clinical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embryo implantation is a tightly regulated process, critical for a successful pregnancy. After attachment of the blastocyst to the surface epithelium of the endometrium trophoblast migrate from the trophectoderm and invade into the stromal component of endometrium. Alterations on either process will lead to implantation failure or miscarriage. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene induce pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and miscarriages. The mechanism of this effect is unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of benzene metabolite, Hydroquinone, on trophoblast function. We tested the hypothesis that Hydroquinone activates the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway modulating trophoblast migration and invasion. First-trimester trophoblast cells (Sw.71) were treated with hydroquinone (6 and 25 μM). Trophoblast migration and invasion was evaluated using a 3D invasion/migration model. Gene expression was quantified by q-PCR and Western blot analysis. Hydroquinone impairs trophoblast migration and invasion. This loss is associated with the activation of the AhR pathway which reduced the expression of Twist1and IFITM1. IFITM1 overexpression can rescue impaired trophoblast migration. Our study highlights that hydroquinone treatment induces the activation of the AhR pathway in trophoblast cells, which impairs trophoblast invasion and migration. We postulate that activation of the AhR pathway in trophoblast suppress Twist1 and a subsequent IFITM1. Thus, the AhR-Twist1-IFITM1 axis represent a critical pathway involved in the regulation of trophoblast migration and it is sensitive to benzene exposure. These findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy complications induced by air pollution. [Display omitted] • Benzene exposure affects pregnancy outcome. • Hydroquinone treatment inhibits trophoblast migration and invasion. • The AhR pathway is functional in trophoblast cells. • Hydroquinone activates the Ahr pathway in trophoblast. • Twist1 and IFITM1 are major regulators of trophoblast migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate are the most popular calcium phosphates used for bone tissue regeneration and in the manufacture of prostheses for bone replacement. Incorporation of different ions in low concentrations into the crystal lattice of calcium phosphates allows enhancing or modifying their properties. In this work, stoichiometric hydroxyapatite, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate co-substituted with zinc, magnesium, and silicate were synthesized using a mechanochemical approach. The compositions of the materials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The materials prepared were assessed for dissolution in water and implanted into rat skull bones. For the first time, it was demonstrated that the substituted calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite has an increased solubility in water compared with β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. In vivo studies revealed that the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite promotes better osteogenesis than other calcium phosphates investigated here, showing almost complete remodeling of the damaged bone tissue already after 5 months. In this regard, calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite with zinc, magnesium, and silicate substitution is the most promising material for bone tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A beneficial effect on endometrial thickness (EMT) and improvement of pregnancy outcome after intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested. This study assessed the effect of intrauterine PRP infusion on live birth rate and obstetrical outcomes and analyzed cytokines that can potentially improve pregnancy outcomes through PRP. Method: This study was a prospective cohort study conducted in a university hospital fertility center. The study included ninety-one patients who had a history of two or more failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts and refractory thin endometrium that remained unresponsive after at least two conventional treatments for thin endometrium. Patients were treated with an intrauterine infusion of autologous PRP between days 7 and 14 of their hormone replacement therapy-frozen embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycle. PRP was administered at 3-day intervals until their EMT reached 7mm. After a maximum of three PRP administrations, embryo transfer (ET) was performed. The primary outcome was the live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included the implantation rate and increase in EMT compared to the previous cycle. We compared the cytokines related to angiogenesis in a patient's whole blood (WB) and PRP by utilizing a commercial screening kit. Results: The live birth rate in the PRP treatment cycle was 20.9% (19 of 91 patients), significantly superior to the previous cycle without PRP infusion (p < 0.001). The implantation rate was also significantly higher during the PRP treatment cycle (16.4%) compared to the previous cycle (3.1%) (p < 0.001). The mean EMT post-PRP treatment was 6.1 mm, showing a significant increase of 0.8 mm (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, an increase in EMT was also observed in the non-pregnancy group. No adverse effects were reported by patients treated with autologous PRP. Cytokine array analysis confirmed marked increases in well-known pro-angiogenic factors such as Ang-1, EGF, LAP (TGF-b1), MMP-8, PDGF-AA, and PDGF-AB/PDGF-BB. Conclusion: Intrauterine PRP infusion offers a safe and effective treatment for patients with refractory thin endometrium and implantation failures. The angiogenic cytokines present in PRP are the primary drivers of this improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment process of the patients with parasitic leiomyoma (PM) of the abdominal wall complicated with disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) after laparoscopic myomectomy, and to improve the clinical understanding and management of this condition. Methods: The clinical data of one patient with PM of the abdominal wall complicated with DPL after laparoscopic myomectomy were collected. The causes, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment process were analyzed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results: The patient, a 49-year-old woman, was admitted due to a self-discovered abdominal mass lasting for one year. The physical examination results showed a palpable mass, approximately 6 cm×4 cm, in the lower left abdominal wall with poor mobility, with clear borders, and without tenderness. Another palpable mass, approximately 7 cm×5 cm, was found in the lower right abdomen with fair mobility, with clear borders, and without tenderness. The gynecological ultrasonography results showed a hypoechoic area of approximately 6. 6 cm×2. 7 cm in the subcutaneous tissue below the left umbilicus and another hypoechoic area of approximately 7. 6 cm×3. 3 cm in the abdominal cavity below the umbilicus. The superficial ultrasonography of the local area showed a hypoechoic area of approximately 5. 79 cm×2. 55 cm×4. 74 cm within the left lower abdominal rectus muscle, with smooth edges, located 1. 97 cm from the skin at its shallowest point and 4. 73 cm at its deepest point, without penetration of the rectus sheath but adjacent to the peritoneum. The patient was diagnosed as uterine leiomyoma, abdominal mass, and post-myomectomy status. The elective surgeries for uterine leiomyoma enucleation, abdominal wall leiomyoma excision, and peritoneal leiomyoma excision were performed under combined intravenous-inhalation anesthesia. The operation procedure was successful, and the patient recovered well and was discharged smoothly. Conclusion: PM and DPL lack typical clinical features and require imaging examinations for diagnosis. Surgical exploration is the main treatment modality, and while PM and DPL are generally benign, there is a potential for malignant transformation, and the patients need further postoperative follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence shows that inflammation is essential for embryo implantation and decidualization. Histamine, a proinflammatory factor that is present in almost all mammalian tissues, is synthesized through decarboxylating histidine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Although histamine is known to be essential for decidualization, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In the present study, histamine had no obvious direct effects on in vitro decidualization in mice. However, the obvious differences in HDC protein levels between day 4 of pregnancy and day 4 of pseudopregnancy, as well as between delayed and activated implantation, suggested that the blastocyst may be involved in regulating HDC expression. Furthermore, blastocyst‐derived tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) significantly increased HDC levels in the luminal epithelium. Histamine increased the levels of amphiregulin (AREG) and disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 17 (ADAM17) proteins, which was abrogated by treatment with famotidine, a specific histamine type 2 receptor (H2R) inhibitor, or by TPAI‐1 (a specific inhibitor of ADAM17). Intraluminal injection of urocanic acid (HDC inhibitor) on day 4 of pregnancy significantly reduced the number of implantation sites on day 5 of pregnancy. TNFα‐stimulated increases in HDC, AREG and ADAM17 protein levels was abrogated by urocanic acid, a specific inhibitor of HDC. Additionally, AREG treatment significantly promoted in vitro decidualization. Collectively, our data suggests that blastocyst‐derived TNFα induces luminal epithelial histamine secretion, and histamine increases mouse decidualization through ADAM17‐mediated AREG release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenotypic changes to endometrial epithelial cells underpin receptivity to embryo implantation at the onset of pregnancy but the effect of hyperglycemia on these processes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that physiological levels of glucose (5 mM) abolished receptivity in the endometrial epithelial cell line, Ishikawa. However, embryo attachment was supported by 17 mM glucose as a result of glucose flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and modulation of cell function via protein O-GlcNAcylation. Pharmacological inhibition of HBP or protein O-GlcNAcylation reduced embryo attachment in cocultures at 17 mM glucose. Mass spectrometry analysis of the O-GlcNAcylated proteome in Ishikawa cells revealed that myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) is more highly O-GlcNAcylated in 17 mM glucose, correlating with loss of its target protein, phospho-myosin light chain 2, from apical cell junctions of polarized epithelium. Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) morphologic analysis demonstrated that the higher glucose level attenuates epithelial polarity through O-GlcNAcylation. Inhibition of Rho (ras homologous)A-associated kinase (ROCK) or myosin II led to reduced polarity and enhanced receptivity in cells cultured in 5 mM glucose, consistent with data showing that MYPT1 acts downstream of ROCK signaling. These data implicate regulation of endometrial epithelial polarity through RhoA signaling upstream of actomyosin contractility in the acquisition of endometrial receptivity. Glucose levels impinge on this pathway through O-GlcNAcylation of MYPT1, which may impact endometrial receptivity to an implanting embryo in women with diabetes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Understanding how glucose regulates endometrial function will support preconception guidance and/or the development of targeted interventions for individuals living with diabetes wishing to embark on pregnancy. We found that glucose can influence endometrial epithelial cell receptivity to embryo implantation by regulating posttranslational modification of proteins involved in the maintenance of cell polarity. Impaired or inappropriate endometrial receptivity could contribute to fertility and/or early pregnancy complications caused by poor glucose control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Physiological decidual senescence promotes embryo implantation, whereas pathological decidual senescence causes many pregnancy pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapamycin on decidual cell subpopulations and endometrial function in physiological and induced senescence and to investigate the decidual cell subpopulations present in physiological conditions during early pregnancy and implantation in mice. Methods: Control, physiological decidualization (0.5 mM cAMP and 1 μM MPA added), and induced senescence (0.1 mM HU added) models with and without 200 nM rapamycin treatment were established using a human endometrial stromal cell line, and decidual cell subpopulations were analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The human extravillous trophoblast cell line AC-1M88 was also cultured in decidualization models, and spheroid expansion analysis was performed. In in vivo studies, decidual cell subpopulations were analyzed by immunofluorescence during early mouse pregnancy. Results: The results revealed that rapamycin decreased DIO2 and β-GAL expressions in physiological and induced senescence without FOXO1. Notably, in induced senescence, increased fragmentation was observed in AC-1M88 cells, and rapamycin treatment successfully attenuated the fragmentation of spheroids. We showed that the FOXO1-DIO2 signaling axis can trigger decidual senescence during early gestation and days of implantation in mice. Conclusions: Our study underlines the importance of rapamycin in modulating decidual cell subpopulations and endometrial tissue function during decidual senescence. The information obtained may provide insight into the pathologies of pregnancy seen due to decidual senescence and guide better treatment strategies for reproductive problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the current data, the endometrium acts as a "sensor" of embryo quality, which promotes the implantation of euploid embryos and prevents the implantation and/or subsequent development of genetically abnormal embryos. The present review addresses the nature of the "sensory function" of the endometrium and highlights the necessity for assessing its functional status. The first section examines the evolutionary origin of the "sensory" ability of the endometrium as a consequence of spontaneous decidualization that occurred in placental animals. The second section details the mechanisms for implementing this function at the cellular level. In particular, the recent findings of the appearance of different cell subpopulations during decidualization are described, and their role in implantation is discussed. The pathological consequences of an imbalance among these subpopulations are also discussed. Finally, the third section summarizes information on currently available clinical tools to assess endometrial functional status. The advantages and disadvantages of the approaches are emphasized, and possible options for developing more advanced technologies for assessing the "sensory" function of the endometrium are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extracellular vesicles represent a large heterogeneous class of near and long-distance intercellular communication mediators, released by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Specifically, the scientific community has shown growing interest in exosomes, which are nano-sized vesicles with an endosomal origin. Not so long ago, the physiological goal of exosome generation was largely unknown and required more investigation; at first, it was hypothesized that exosomes are able to remove excess, reject and unnecessary constituents from cells to preserve cellular homeostasis. However, thanks to recent studies, the central role of exosomes in regulating cellular communication has emerged. Exosomes act as vectors in cell–cell signaling by their cargo, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and influence physiological and pathological processes. The findings on exosomes are widespread in a large spectrum of biomedical applications from diagnosis and prognosis to therapies. In this review, we describe exosome biogenesis and the current methods for their isolation and characterization, emphasizing the role of their cargo in female reproductive processes, from gametogenesis to implantation, and the potential involvement in human female disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recryopreservation (recryo) is occasionally applied in clinical, while the underlying mechanism of impaired clinical outcomes after recryo remains unclear. In this study, frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles of single blastocyst transfer in an academic reproductive medicine center were enrolled. According to the number of times blastocysts experienced cryopreservation, they were divided into the cryopreservation (Cryo) group and the Recryo group. Donated human blastocysts were collected and detected for mechanism exploration. It was found that recryo procedure resulted in impaired blastocyst developmental potential, including decreased implantation rate, reduced biochemical pregnancy rate, declined clinical pregnancy rate, higher early miscarriage rate, and lower live birth rate. Moreover, recryo led to impaired trophectoderm (TE) function, exhibiting lower human chorionic gonadotropin levels 12 days after FET. In addition, single‐cell RNA sequencing showed that the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and embryo development were altered. More specifically, activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway and induced apoptosis were further verified by immunofluorescence and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay involving in the recryo procedure. In conclusion, recryo could interfere with the process of blastocyst implantation by impairing TE function, affecting blastocyst adhesion, activating ER stress pathway and inducing apoptosis. It provides caution to embryologists about the potential risk of recryopreservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: A competent embryo, receptive endometrium and a series of highly coordinated molecular events between them are all essential for successful implantation. Evaluation of certain molecules which may be used as biomarkers may help to predict pregnancy outcome and detect subtle implantation defect. The present study was conducted with aim to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of adrenomedullin (ADM) and pentraxin3 (PTX3) measured at the day of embryo transfer and successful implantation in assisted reproductive technique cycles. Materials & Methods: This prospective cohort study included 88 frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. All patients received sequential oestrogen & progesterone medications. Embryo transfer (with a minimum of one top quality embryo) was scheduled after 4 days (D3 embryo), 6 days (D5 embryo) of progesterone administration. The serum ADM and PTX3 levels were analyzed 1 hour before the embryo transfer (ET) using ELISA kits. A possible association between these two markers levels and embryo implantation was evaluated. Results: Overall, biochemical pregnancy rate was 25% (22/88). Data were then categorized into pregnant (22/88) & non-pregnant (66/88). No significant difference were found between the two groups regarding female age, endometrial thickness, number of oocyte collected, oestradiol level (E2), FSH level, grade and number of embryo transferred (P>0.05). The ADM levels were higher on the day of ET, although was not significant in pregnant group (254.60 pg/ml vs 248.18pg/ml). PXT3 levels (pg/ml) were lower in pregnant compared to non-pregnant group (25.396±11.78 vs 28.431±16.51, P=0.428). Conclusion: Higher ADM and lower PTX3 levels at the day of embro transfer may be associated with successful implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obere Extremitat is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This report and literature review explores cases of tumor cell implantation at colorectal post-endoscopic resection sites. We detail a unique case in which advanced rectosigmoid colon cancer cells would implant into an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) site in a synchronous upper rectal colon intramucosal cancer. The patient underwent upper rectal ESD prior to surgery for the advanced rectosigmoid colon cancer. After 7 months, a follow-up colonoscopy revealed recurrence at the upper rectal ESD scar, and the patient underwent Miles' operation. The recurrence was confirmed by RAS mutation status to be implantation from the advanced rectosigmoid colon cancer. The literature review, encompassing ten cases, shows that implantation often occurs at rectal post-endoscopic resection sites, with some cases associated with nearby advanced cancers, particularly on the oral side. Four cases suggested implantation from cancer during ESD. These findings underscore the need for caution during colorectal ESD procedures, considering the potential implantation risk. Additionally, early detection of implantation and subsequent curative resection were common outcomes, suggesting the importance of vigilant surveillance. Further research and preventive measures such as thorough intraluminal lavage and complete closure of ulcers may be crucial in minimizing implantation risks post-endoscopic treatment.

Abstract Background Various surgical procedures have employed microporous polysaccharide hemosphere (MPH) hemostatic agents. However, data regarding their effectiveness in preventing pocket hematomas (PHs) during the implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) among the Asian population are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of using MPH hemostatic agents during CIED implantations as a preventive measure against post‐procedural PHs. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single‐center, observational study involving 255 consecutive Japanese patients who underwent CIED implantation between November 2017 and April 2021. We compared PH occurrences within 28 days after CIED implantation between patients who received MPH hemostatic agents (n = 145) and those who did not (n = 110). Results PH development was observed in nine (6.2%) patients who received MPH hemostatic agents and in 13 (11.8%) patients without MPH hemostatic (p = .111). Kaplan–Meier analysis of PH development revealed no significant difference between the two groups (log‐rank p = .102). However, utilizing MPH hemostatic agents among patients taking antithrombotic drugs, including antiplatelet medications, direct oral anticoagulants, and warfarin, significantly reduced PH incidence (log‐rank p = .03). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that MPH hemostatic agent utilization independently correlated with a decreased PH risk (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.08–0.63, p = .004). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of MPH hemostatic agents into standard practice may benefit to mitigate PH risk during CIED implantations in patients on antithrombotic therapy. This simple and practical measure may be valuable, especially in high‐risk patients, such as those taking antithrombotic medications.

Abstract Bone graft granules are valuable tools for ridge area bone grafting owing to their ease of manipulation and interconnected porous structure. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) using barrier membranes is commonly used for alveolar ridge augmentation; however, the surgical procedures are technically complicated. In this study, we fabricated bioresorbable mesh domes (BMDs) using two types of Vicryl mesh (woven and knitted types) containing carbonate apatite granules. BMD samples were prepared in three groups: upper sides made from the woven type (UW) and lower sides made from the woven type (LW) (the UW/LW group), upper sides made from the woven type (UW) and lower sides made from the knitted type (LK) (the UW/LK group), and upper sides made from the knitted type (UK) and lower sides made from the knitted type (LK) (the UK/LK group). The samples were subsequently implanted into rabbit calvaria, and radiomorphometric and histological analyses were conducted. The UK/LK group exhibited enhanced appositional bone formation because the knitted mesh on the skin side prevented the infiltration of a substantial amount of fibrous tissue. This increase in bone formation could be attributed to the interaction between granules and osteoprogenitors that pass through the mesh from the host bone. Conversely, the UW/LW and UW/LK groups presented limited appositional bone formation. Compared with knitted mesh, woven mesh might tend to be absorbed over a short span, allowing fibrous tissue invasion and inhibiting new bone formation. Additionally, BMDs could retain granules in a targeted location and avoid displacement of the granules to unintended locations. Graphical Abstract

The study analysed the impact of radiation defects on p-GaSe single crystal implanted with H+ ions (70 keV) on its charge transport mechanism. The research was conducted at 100 K and 300 K in an electric field of 102-104 V/cm. The study found that the activation energy of charge carriers injected at low temperatures and electric fields E < 103 V/cm ranged from 0.23-0.39 eV. This was observed due to the trapping of charge carriers in concentration traps of approximately 9·1013 cm-3, leading to monopolar injection. In the fields, E > 103 V/cm, a sharp increase in current was observed, which was explained by the thermal ionisation of local levels following the Frenkel mechanism. The study determined that the charge transport mechanism in GaSe:H+ crystals at low temperatures has a non-activated character.

Endometritis is an inflammatory and histopathologic disease in uterine tissues that interferes with the proper decidualization and implantation of the embryo. In this study, rosmarinic acid (RA) is used as an anti-inflammatory agent that encapsulates in exosomes and is used to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis and improve implantation. For this purpose, exosomes were loaded with RA and then administrated into the animal groups, including RA, exosome, RA plus exosome (RA + Exo), and RA-loaded exosomes (RALExo) groups. The concentrations of RA or exosomes used in this study were 10 mg/kg, and the compounds were injected into the uterine horn 24 h following the induction of endometritis. Upon the presence of inflammation detected by the histopathological method, the most proper groups were mated with male mice. The effect of the treatment group on the implantation rate, progesterone levels, and gene expressions were assessed by Chicago Blue staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. Results showed RALExo10 and RA10 + Exo10 groups improved pathological alterations, enhanced progesterone levels, increased implantation rate, as well as heightened expression levels of Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Mucin-16 (MUC-16) genes. Besides, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Interlukine-10 (IL-10), Interlukine-15 (IL-15), and Interlukine-18 (IL-18), were regulated. Our findings indicated that the expression of LIF, Muc-16 genes as well as IL-18, were significantly correlated with serum progesterone concentrations and the implantation rate in the treatment groups. The RALExo10 and RA10 + Exo10 groups showed ameliorated implantation rates in experimental groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given a rising tendency in the rate of ocular trauma, there is an increasing need in surgeries for orbital, ocular adnexal and periorbital reconstruction. The susceptibility to resorption is a common drawback of the biological tissues used as a plastic material in contemporary orbital surgery. Non-biological hollow porous polyvinyl formal (PVF) hydrogel implants capable of integration with adjacent biological tissues offer a new opportunity for reconstructive surgery. Purpose: To examine the in vivo and in vitro biocompatibility of a synthetic PVF-based hydrogel implant material. Material and Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis; in vitro evaluation of the biocompatibility of the PVF hydrogel implant material in terms of its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and effects on marker enzymatic activities of L929 fibroblasts; and in vitro study on implant incorporation. Results: A cross-linked polyvinyl formal hydrogel for orbital endoprosthesis surgery was synthesized. Our in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests of the hydrogel and tests of its effects on marker enzymatic activities of L929 fibroblasts demonstrated safety. All hydrogel implant samples, after being sealed into polypropylene bags and autoclaved for 15 min at 121 °C and 1.04 atm steam pressure, were found to be sterile. In all rats in which the hybrid hydrogel implant was placed subcutaneously in the back, there was prompt relief of edema at the site of postoperative suture. The inflammatory reactions seen in the tissues adjacent to the implant included mostly mild diffuse lymphocytic infiltration close to the implant surface, with no inflammatory reactions seen at the sites more remote from the implant. Conclusion: Our in vivo and in vitro study of the PVF hydrogel demonstrated its high biocompatibility in terms of its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and effects on marker enzymatic activities of fibroblast cells, with no post-implantation complications, but a step-by-step improvement in the relationship between the implant and adjacent tissues. The findings of this study allow us to recommend the developed PVF hydrogel for further research on the potential for using it as an implant for filling postoperative cavities and endoprosthesis in orbital and periorbital reconstruction.

Background: Systolic heart failure treatment now includes cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) as a necessary element. CRT has been shown to have advantageous impacts on mortality, hospitalization rates, and quality of life. Approximately 30% of patients fail to respond to traditional CRT implantation. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the outcome of dual resynchronization by placing the right ventricular pacing lead at His bundle or left bundle branch area against conventional CRT. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal follow-up study of a total of 35 patients undergoing CRT device placement for assessment of safety, efficacy, and feasibility of the procedure and post-procedural complications and correlation with parameters obtained from electrocardiogram and echocardiography parameters in a tertiary care set up in India. Results: Among this matched population (mean age 64 years) there was a higher responder rate with the newer technique of dual resynchronization compared to conventional CRT (83% vs. 70%). Conclusion: Dual resynchronization therapy is feasible and safe and provides better electrical resynchronization compared to conventional CRT and could be a better alternative, especially when suboptimal electrical resynchronization is obtained.

The endometrium during the sexual cycle undergoes detachment, tissue remodeling, and differentiation during the menstrual cycle. Localized and transient destruction and regeneration of endometrial tissue are also essential for pregnancy. It is possible to attribute many causes of failure in infertility treatment to the implantation stage. To improve the success rate of plateau fertility treatment, it is important to understand the regeneration mechanism of the endometrium, a unique regenerative tissue in the human body. In association with cell proliferation, tissue remodeling requires the relocation of proliferative cells, and the steady-state epithelial cells need to be motile for the relocation. Transient add-on motile activity in epithelial cells is mediated by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reversible mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). The destruction and regeneration of endometrial tissue over a period of days to weeks requires a system with a rapid and characteristic mechanism similar to that of wound healing. Here, I review the relationship between the well-known phenomenon of EMT in wound healing and endometrial tissue remodeling during the sexual cycle and pregnancy establishment, which are automatically triggered by menstruation and embryonal invasion.

Background: The follicular fluid (FF) of mature oocytes contains a high concentration of growth factors and cytokinesthat have the potential to influence implantation in either a paracrine or autocrine manner. During the physiologicalprocesses of ovulation, FF enters the fallopian tubes in conjunction with the oocyte. The purpose of this studyis to evaluate implantation and clinical pregnancy rates following uterine flushing with FF and granulosa cells ininfertile women with moderate male factor infertility after ovum retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Materials and Methods: This phase III randomised clinical trial enrolled 140 women with moderate male factorinfertility who intended to undergo ICSI at Royan Infertility Clinic (Tehran, Iran). A computer-generated program andopaque sealed envelopes were used to randomly allocate patients to either an intervention group (n=70) or a controlgroup (n=70). Participants in the intervention group received 2 ml of clear FF (without blood contamination) from 2to 3 dominant follicles after oocyte retrieval. The control group only underwent uterine cavity catheterisation.Results: The intervention group had a clinical pregnancy rate of 38.5% (25/65) compared to the control group [42.9%(27/63); P=0.719] and an implantation rate of 24.1% compared to the control group (27%; P=0.408). These rates did notdiffer between the groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groupsin terms of pregnancy-related complications-ectopic pregnancy, blighted ovum or anembryonic pregnancy, and abortion.Conclusion: Uterine cavity flushing with FF from mature follicles following oocyte retrieval had no effect, eitherpositively or negatively, on clinical pregnancy or implantation rates in women with moderate male factor infertility(registration number: NCT04077970).

Abstract Visfatin (VIS) is a hormone belonging to the adipokines’ group secreted mainly by the adipose tissue. VIS plays a crucial role in the control of energy homeostasis, inflammation, cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. VIS expression was confirmed in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis structures, as well as in the uterus, placenta, and conceptuses. We hypothesised that VIS may affect the abundance of proteins involved in the regulation of key processes occurring in the corpus luteum (CL) during the implantation process in pigs. In the present study, we performed the high-throughput proteomic analysis (liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, LC–MS/MS) to examine the in vitro influence of VIS (100 ng/mL) on differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) in the porcine luteal cells (LCs) on days 15–16 of pregnancy (implantation period). We have identified 511 DRPs, 276 of them were up-regulated, and 235 down-regulated in the presence of VIS. Revealed DRPs were assigned to 162 gene ontology terms. Western blot analysis of five chosen DRPs, ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1 (ADAMTS1), lanosterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51A1), inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA), notch receptor 3 (NOTCH3), and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (mPGES2) confirmed the veracity and accuracy of LC–MS/MS method. We indicated that VIS modulates the expression of proteins connected with the regulation of lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis, and, in consequence, may be involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones, as well as prostaglandins’ metabolism. Moreover, we revealed that VIS affects the abundance of protein associated with ovarian cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as CL new vessel formation and tissue remodelling. Our results suggest important roles for VIS in the regulation of ovarian functions during the peri-implantation period.

Planning an architectural project represents an arduous mental process that combines various physical, social, environmental, economic, and technological variables in the attempt to reach the best possible result for an idea of future human inhabiting. In this context, university teachers face the challenge of developing appropriate teaching methodologies for first-year students to allow them to take a starting point for developing projects with appropriate criteria that generate feasible future instrumental lines to be applied in their academic and professional career. This article presents reflections and results related to the pedagogical strategies taught in the Architecture Workshop, which use architectural typologies to begin with the starting idea. To this aim, a work methodology is addressed as an urban housing project exercise that includes the study of the site, the analysis of a hypothetical owner, and the incorporation of theoretical-practical resources according to the choice of a specific typology. The results delve into the potential and difficulties of its use. It is concluded that the use of typologies contributes significantly to initial learning in our discipline, which makes this reflection essential throughout the project planning process.

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) can minimize the risk of birth defects. However, the accuracy and applicability of routine PGT is confounded by uneven genome coverage and high allele drop‐out rate from existing single‐cell whole genome amplification methods. Here, a method to diagnose genetic mutations and concurrently evaluate embryo competence by leveraging the abundant mRNA transcript copies present in trophectoderm cells is developed. The feasibility of the method is confirmed with 19 donated blastocysts. Next, the method is applied to 82 embryos from 26 families with monogenic defects for simultaneous mutation detection and competence assessment. The accuracy rate of direct mutation detection is up to 95%, which is significantly higher than DNA‐based method. Meanwhile, this approach correctly predicted seven out of eight (87.5%) embryos that failed to implant. Of six embryos that are predicted to implant successfully, four met such expectations (66.7%). Notably, this method is superior at conditions for mutation detection that are challenging when using DNA‐based PGT, such as when detecting pathogenic genes with a high de novo rate, multiple pseudogenes, or an abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats. Taken together, this study establishes the feasibility of an RNA‐based PGT that is also informative for assessing implantation competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

F. nucleatum, involved in carcinogenesis of colon carcinomas, has been described as part of the commensal flora of the female upper reproductive tract. Although its contribution to destructive inflammatory processes is well described, its role as commensal uterine bacteria has not been thoroughly investigated. Since carcinogenesis shares similar mechanisms with early pregnancy development (including proliferation, invasion, blood supply and the induction of tolerance), these mechanisms induced by F. nucleatum could play a role in early pregnancy. Additionally, implantation and placentation require a well-balanced immune activation, which might be suitably managed by the presence of a limited amount of bacteria or bacterial residues. We assessed the effect of inactivated F. nucleatum on macrophage-trophoblast interactions. Monocytic cells (THP-1) were polarized into M1, M2a or M2c macrophages by IFN-g, IL-4 or TGF-b, respectively, and subsequently treated with inactivated fusobacteria (bacteria:macrophage ratio of 0.1 and 1). Direct effects on macrophages were assessed by viability assay, flow cytometry (antigen presentation molecules and cytokines), qPCR (cytokine expression), in-cell Western (HIF and P-NF-kB) and ELISA (VEGF secretion). The function of first trimester extravillous trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo) in response to macrophage-conditioned medium was microscopically assessed by migration (scratch assay), invasion (sprouting assay) and tube formation. Underlying molecular changes were investigated by ELISA (VEGF secretion) and qPCR (matrix-degrading factors and regulators). Inflammation-primed macrophages (M1) as well as high bacterial amounts increased pro-inflammatory NF-kB expression and inflammatory responses. Subsequently, trophoblast functions were impaired. In contrast, low bacterial stimulation caused an increased HIF activation and subsequent VEGF-A secretion in M2c macrophages. Accordingly, there was an increase of trophoblast tube formation. Our results suggest that a low-mass endometrial/decidual microbiome can be tolerated and while it supports implantation and further pregnancy processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia is a complex pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder which poses significant risks for both maternal and fetal health. Preeclampsia affects 5–8% of pregnancies in the United States, causing a significant public health and economic burden. Despite extensive research, the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia remain elusive, but have been correlated with maternal conditions such as obesity. In recent decades, the incidence of preeclampsia increased along with the prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age. Maternal obesity has been shown to negatively affect pregnancy in almost all aspects. However, the precise mechanisms by which obesity influences preeclampsia are unclear. Ankyrin repeat and SOCS Box Containing protein 4 (ASB4) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can promote the degradation of a wide range of target proteins. ASB4-null mice display a full spectrum of preeclampsia-like phenotypes during pregnancy including hypertension, proteinuria, and decreased litter size. Furthermore, maternal obesity induced by a high-fat diet aggravates preeclampsia-like phenotypes in pregnant mice lacking ASB4. Variants in the ASB4 gene have been associated with obesity in humans, and a functional connection between the ASB4 gene and obesity has been established in mice. This review discusses the connections between preeclampsia, obesity, and ASB4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blastocyst vitrification has significantly improved embryo transfer methods, leading to higher implantation success rates and better pregnancy outcomes in subsequent frozen embryo transfer cycles. This study aimed to simulate the transcriptional changes caused by vitrifying human blastocysts using mouse blastocysts as a model and to further investigate these changes' effects. Utilizing a human vitrification protocol, we implanted both vitrified and fresh embryos into mice. We observed the implantation success rates and performed transcriptomic analysis on the blastocysts. To validate the results from messenger RNA sequencing, we conducted reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to measure the expression levels of specific genes. Based on mRNA profiling, we predicted the microRNAs responsible for the regulation and used qPCR basic microRNA assays for validation. Our observations revealed a higher implantation success rate for vitrified embryos than fresh embryos. Transcriptomic analysis showed that vitrified–warmed blastocysts exhibited differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily associated with thermogenesis, chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, oxidative phosphorylation, immune response, and MAPK-related signaling pathways. RT-qPCR confirmed increased expression of genes such as Cdk6 and Nfat2, and decreased expression of genes such as Dkk3 and Mapk10. Additionally, gene-microRNA interaction predictions and microRNA expression analysis identified twelve microRNAs with expression patterns consistent with the predicted results, suggesting potential roles in uterine epithelial cell adhesion, trophectoderm development, invasive capacity, and immune responses. Our findings suggest that vitrification induces transcriptomic changes in mouse blastocysts, and even small changes in gene expression can enhance implantation success. These results highlight the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying vitrification to optimize embryo transfer techniques and improve pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subcutaneous tissue of rats after implantation of polypropylene materials with adsorbed bone marrow-derived mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSCs) was studied using light microscopy. Inflammation in response to implantation was mild, and the foreign material was encapsulated into a thin strip of dense fibrous connective tissue with multinucleated macrophages. By 1 year after introduction of the monofilament and 6 and 12 months after implantation of the mesh product, some threads were deformed, broken, and had sharp edges. Small fragments of foreign material appeared in the adjacent tissues surrounded by their own relatively thick acellular capsule. As a result of preliminary adsorption of MMSCs on polypropylene, the thickness of the connective tissue capsule decreased, its vascularization increased, and the severity of inflammatory infiltration decreased. However, all effects of MMSCs adsorption in rats were transient and disappeared within 1 week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microvascular scarring compromises the functionality of the endometrium, and vascular flow at the junctional zone (JZ) may be the key to understanding poor reproductive outcomes in women with Asherman syndrome (AS). Aims: To investigate whether vascular perfusion of the uterus, measured by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) is impaired in women with intrauterine adhesions (IUA) and AS. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational cohort pilot study of 23 women with IUA treated with hysteroscopic synecholysis and a control group of two patients with cervix cancer were subject to DCE‐MRI with gadolinium to assess uterine vascularity. Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) were allocated on the DCE‐MRI image incorporating the JZ, with control ROI placed at the psoas muscle. Individual ROIs were compared to the mean total perfusion (TP) in the same uterus. Pre‐ and post‐operative perfusion analyses were performed on five women. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were used to analyse MRI as a predictor of IUA. Results: There was no significant difference in perfusion; a trend toward reduced perfusion was observed in women with IUA compared to the controls. The ROC was predictive of higher‐grade and inoperable IUA. Conclusions: Reduced perfusion on DCE‐MRI as assessed by ROC predicted higher‐stage AS. The results of this study support further investigation of DCE‐MRI as a prognostic tool for AS prior to surgical intervention to assist in providing prognostic guidance for women suffering from AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decidualisation of the endometrium is a key event in early pregnancy, which enables embryo implantation. Importantly, the molecular processes impairing decidualisation in obese mothers are yet to be characterised. We hypothesise that impaired decidualisation in obese mice is mediated by the upregulation of leptin modulators, the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), together with the disruption of progesterone (P4)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signalling. After feeding mice with chow diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, we confirmed the downregulation of P4 and oestradiol (E2) steroid receptors in decidua from embryonic day (E) 6.5 and decreased proliferation of stromal cells from HFD. In vitro decidualised mouse endometrial stromal cells (MESCs) and E6.5 deciduas from the HFD showed decreased expression of decidualisation markers, followed by the upregulation of SOCS3 and PTPN2 and decreased phosphorylation of STAT3. In vivo and in vitro leptin treatment of mice and MESCs mimicked the results observed in the obese model. The downregulation of Socs3 and Ptpn2 after siRNA transfection of MESCs from HFD mice restored the expression level of decidualisation markers. Finally, DIO mice placentas from E18.5 showed decreased labyrinth development and vascularisation and fetal growth restricted embryos. The present study revealed major defects in decidualisation in obese mice, characterised by altered uterine response to E2 and P4 steroid signalling. Importantly, altered hormonal response was associated with increased expression of leptin signalling modulators SOCS3 and PTPN2. Elevated levels of SOCS3 and PTPN2 were shown to molecularly affect decidualisation in obese mice, potentially disrupting the STAT3-PR regulatory molecular hub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Venous spasm is an important reason for complicated or failed implantations of cardiac implantable electronic devices. Prevention or risk reduction of venous spasm during cardiac implantable electronic device implantation may be achieved by ultrasound or fluoroscopic imaging prior to puncture, cephalic vein cut‐down, sufficient pre‐ and perioperative hydration, nitroglycerin injection and effective sedation, and analgesia. This case report with literature review focuses on venous spasm as a potential cause for complicated implantations of cardiac implantable electronic devices. The case report is clinically relevant as it describes a progressive spasm affecting the axillary and the subclavian vein. A 66‐year‐old female complained of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) and atypical atrial flutter despite interventional and medical treatment. As an ultimate treatment, she was scheduled for pacemaker implantation and atrioventricular node ablation. Several puncture attempts of the axillary vein failed. Despite venous blood aspiration, no guidewires could be advanced into the axillary vein. We performed a first venogram revealing significant spasm of the axillary vein. Another failed venous puncture occurred after change of access site to the subclavian vein. A second venogram displayed progression of the spasm, now affecting both the axillary and the subclavian veins. Normal saline perfusion was administered as well as intravenous isosorbide. Unfortunately, a repeated venogram after 15 min waiting time showed persistence of the spasm, still affecting both veins. The procedure was discontinued as the patient became uncomfortable. Venous spasm is an important reason for complicated or failed implantations of cardiac implantable electronic devices. Commonly used medical prevention and treatment are intravenous fluids and nitroglycerin. Prevention or risk reduction of venous spasm during cardiac implantable electronic device implantation may be achieved by ultrasound or fluoroscopic imaging prior to puncture, cephalic vein cut‐down, sufficient pre‐ and perioperative hydration, nitroglycerin injection and effective sedation and analgesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reproductive efficiency of dromedary camels is hindered by challenges such as early embryonic mortality, which may be attributed to a lack of synchronization between conceptus signalling and uterine receptivity. Understanding the intricate biological processes involved in feto‐maternal interactions during implantation is crucial to address these limitations. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein involved in cell signalling and adhesion, playing a crucial role in embryonic implantation. Previous studies have shown the presence of OPN in the uterine endometrium of various mammalian species including dromedary camels. However, the expression pattern of OPN in dromedary conceptuses remains unexplored. Thus, the current study aimed, for the first time, to investigate the temporospatial expression of OPN in dromedary conceptuses during the peri‐implantation period at Days 8, 10, and 12 of pregnancy. Twelve conceptuses were recovered non‐surgically from pregnant females on Days 8, 10, 12 of pregnancy. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qrt‐PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) were employed for analysis of the expression of OPN mRNA and protein. The results revealed significant increases in both OPN mRNA and protein expression started on Day 10 and peaked at Day 12 of pregnancy. Immuno‐localization confirmed the presence of OPN protein in the trophectoderm and endoderm of dromedary conceptuses. In conclusion, the expression and localization of OPN during the peri‐implantation period in dromedary conceptuses imply its involvement as a crucial reproductive factor and its upregulation during this period, with a pronounced increase close to attachment time (Day 12 of pregnancy) further supports its role in embryo adhesion, implantation, and placentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic crosstalk between the embryo and mother is crucial during implantation. Here, we comprehensively profile the single-cell transcriptome of pig peri-implantation embryos and corresponding maternal endometrium, identifying 4 different lineages in embryos and 13 cell types in the endometrium. Cell-specific gene expression characterizes 4 distinct trophectoderm subpopulations, showing development from undifferentiated trophectoderm to polar and mural trophectoderm. Dynamic expression of genes in different types of endometrial cells illustrates their molecular response to embryos during implantation. Then, we developed a novel tool, ExtraCellTalk, generating an overall dynamic map of maternal-foetal crosstalk using uterine luminal proteins as bridges. Through cross-species comparisons, we identified a conserved RBP4/STRA6 pathway in which embryonic-derived RBP4 could target the STRA6 receptor on stromal cells to regulate the interaction with other endometrial cells. These results provide insight into the maternal-foetal crosstalk during embryo implantation and represent a valuable resource for further studies to improve embryo implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perforation of the maxillary sinus membrane is a common complication during maxillary sinus elevation. Intraoperative perforation of the maxillary sinus membrane may complicate the procedure and indirectly lead to implant failure. Timely repair of the perforated maxillary sinus membrane can effectively improve the implant survival rate. This case describes a method of repairing a maxillary sinus membrane perforation with a suture-attached collagen membrane and shows stable repair results at a 31-month follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During early pregnancy in mice, the establishment of uterine receptivity and endometrial decidualization require the extensive proliferation and differentiation of endometrial epithelial cells or stromal cells. Pin1 has been suggested to act as a molecular 'timer' of the cell cycle and is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation by binding many cell‐cycle regulatory proteins. However, its physiological role during early pregnancy is still not fully understood. Here, we employed immunohistochemistry to determine the spatiotemporal pattern of Pin1 expression during early pregnancy. We found that Pin1 was mainly localized in subluminal stromal cells on day 4, in the decidual zone on days 5 to 8 of pregnancy and in artificial decidualization. Using a uterine stromal cell culture system, we found that progesterone, but not estrogen, induced the expression of Pin1 in a progesterone receptor‐dependent manner. Inhibition of Pin1 in the uterus leads to impaired embryo implantation and decidualization in mice. Notably, a decrease in Pin1 activation affected the functional execution of several implantation‐ or decidualization‐related factors. These findings provide new evidence for a previously unknown function of Pin1 in mediating embryo implantation and decidualization during successful pregnancy establishment and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: For a pregnancy to begin, the embryo must "communicate" its presence to the mother's body to prevent rejection. Also, the embryo must attach to the uterine lining (a process called implantation) to form the placenta, the organ that supports embryo growth. This review discusses how mammal embryos achieve these critical steps and how embryonic communication signals and implantation types have changed throughout mammalian history. Embryos release substances, such as proteins and hormones, to signal their presence to the mother's body. These signals are species-specific, indicating that mammals have developed diverse mechanisms for pregnancy recognition. Implantation varies across mammal species. In most mammals, embryos attach to the surface of the uterine lining. This type of implantation has existed since the first mammals appeared on Earth and is widespread today, occurring in elephants, squirrels, horses, cows, whales, and many others. In some species, embryos partially or fully embed within the uterine wall. These implantation types have arisen many times in distantly related mammals, such as bats, rats, and great apes, including humans. Despite recent advancements, there is still much to discover. Future research should prioritize certain rodent and bat species to better understand how pregnancy recognition and implantation have evolved over time. The implantation of the embryo into the maternal endometrium is a complex process associated with the evolution of viviparity and placentation in mammals. In this review, we provide an overview of maternal recognition of pregnancy signals and implantation modes in eutherians, focusing on their diverse mechanisms and evolutionary patterns. Different pregnancy recognition signals and implantation modes have evolved in eutherian mammals, reflecting the remarkable diversity of specializations in mammals following the evolution of viviparity. Superficial implantation is the ancestral implantation mode in Eutheria and its major clades. The other modes, secondary, partially, and primary interstitial implantation have each independently evolved multiple times in the evolutionary history of eutherians. Although significant progress has been made in understanding pregnancy recognition signals and implantation modes, there is still much to uncover. Rodents and chiropterans (especially Phyllostomidae) offer valuable opportunities for studying the transitions among implantation modes, but data is still scarce for these diverse orders. Further research should focus on unstudied taxa so we can establish robust patterns of evolutionary changes in pregnancy recognition signaling and implantation modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum (Al) ion implantation is one of the most important technologies in SiC device manufacturing processes due to its ability to produce the p-type doping effect, which is essential to building p–n junctions and blocking high voltages. However, besides the doping effect, defects are also probably induced by the implantation. Here, the impacts of Al ion implantation-induced defects on 4H-SiC MOSFET channel transport behaviors are studied using a multiscale simulation flow, including the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, and tight-binding (TB) model-based quantum transport simulation. The simulation results show that an Al ion can not only replace a Si lattice site to realize the p-doping effect, but it can also replace the C lattice site to induce mid-gap trap levels or become an interstitial to induce the n-doping effect. Moreover, the implantation tends to bring additional point defects to the 4H-SiC body region near the Al ions, which will lead to more complicated coupling effects between them, such as degrading the p-type doping effect by trapping free hole carriers and inducing new trap states at the 4H-SiC bandgap. The quantum transport simulations indicate that these coupling effects will impede local electron transports, compensating for the doping effect and increasing the leakage current of the 4H-SiC MOSFET. In this study, the complicated coupling effects between the implanted Al ions and the implantation-induced point defects are revealed, which provides new references for experiments to increase the accepter activation rate and restrain the defect effect in SiC devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to loss of functional activity of the body below the injury site, affect a person's ability to self-care and have a direct impact on performance. Due to the structural features and functional role of the spinal cord in the body, the consequences of SCI cannot be completely overcome at the expense of endogenous regenerative potential and, developing over time, lead to severe complications years after injury. Thus, the primary task of this type of injury treatment is to create artificial conditions for the regenerative growth of damaged nerve fibers through the area of the SCI. Solving this problem is possible using tissue neuroengineering involving the technology of replacing the natural tissue environment with synthetic matrices (for example, hydrogels) in combination with stem cells, in particular, neural/progenitor stem cells (NSPCs). This approach can provide maximum stimulation and support for the regenerative growth of axons of damaged neurons and their myelination. In this review, we consider the currently available options for improving the condition after SCI (use of NSC transplantation or/and replacement of the damaged area of the SCI with a matrix, specifically a hydrogel). We emphasise the expediency and effectiveness of the hydrogel matrix + NSCs complex system used for the reconstruction of spinal cord tissue after injury. Since such a complex approach (a combination of tissue engineering and cell therapy), in our opinion, allows not only to creation of conditions for supporting endogenous regeneration or mechanical reconstruction of the spinal cord, but also to strengthen endogenous regeneration, prevent the spread of the inflammatory process, and promote the restoration of lost reflex, motor and sensory functions of the injured area of spinal cord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analysed the impact of radiation defects on p-GaSe single crystal implanted with H+ ions (70 keV) on its charge transport mechanism. The research was conducted at 100 K and 300 K in an electric field of 10²-104 V/cm. The study found that the activation energy of charge carriers injected at low temperatures and electric fields E < 10³ V/cm ranged from 0.23-0.39 eV. This was observed due to the trapping of charge carriers in concentration traps of approximately 9·1013 cm-3, leading to monopolar injection. In the fields, E > 10³ V/cm, a sharp increase in current was observed, which was explained by the thermal ionisation of local levels following the Frenkel mechanism. The study determined that the charge transport mechanism in GaSe:H+ crystals at low temperatures has a nonactivated character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To use anterior segment optical coherence tomography to detect early alterations in anterior chamber morphology following phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Material and Methods: A prospective, follow-up interventional investigation was conducted to measure the changes in anterior chamber configuration in twenty (20) eyes followin8g a month of posterior chamber IOL implantation and phacoemulsification. Result: A p-value of (0.027_0.009_0.02_0.012) indicates a significant change in the nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior angles assessed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and after the phacoemulsification procedure. Conclusion: After a smooth phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, quantitative values indicated an increase in the anterior chamber angle (ACA), as determined by AS-OCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: The decidualization process conditions monocytes to the immunosuppressive and tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC)‐10 profile, a DC subset with high IL‐10 production. Since the implantation process implies an embryo‐endometrium‐immune crosstalk, here we focused on the ability of embryonic soluble factors to modify decidual DC conditioning accordingly with its quality. Method of Study: Human endometrial stromal cell line (HESC) decidualized with medroxyprogesterone and dibutyryl‐cAMP (Dec) was stimulated with human embryo‐conditioned media (ECM), classified as normal (ND) or impaired developed (ID) for 48 h (n = 18/group). Monocytes isolated from six healthy women were differentiated to DCs with rhGM‐CSF+rhIL‐4 in the presence/absence of conditioned media (CM) from decidualized cells stimulated with ECM or nontreated. Results: We found that decidualized cells stimulated with ECM sustain a myeloid regulatory cell profile on monocyte‐derived culture with increased frequency of CD1a‐CD14+ and CD83+CD86low cells. ND‐Dec sustained the higher expression of the DC‐10 markers, HLA‐G and IL‐10 whereas ID‐Dec diminished IL‐10 production (ID‐Dec: 135 ± 37.4 vs. Dec: 223.3 ± 49.9 pg/mL, p < 0.05). The treatment with ECM‐Dec sustained a higher IL‐10 production and prevented the increase of CD83/CD86 after LPS challenge regardless of embryo quality. Notably, TNF‐α production increased in ID‐Dec cultures (ID‐Dec: 475.1 ± 134.7 vs. Dec: 347.5 ± 98 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although remaining in a tolerogenic profile compatible with DC‐10, DCs can differentially respond to decidual secreted factors based on embryo quality, changing their secretome. These results suggest that in the presence of arrested embryo, DCs could differentially shape the immunological microenvironment, contributing to arrested embryo clearance during the menstrual phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Systolic heart failure treatment now includes cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) as a necessary element. CRT has been shown to have advantageous impacts on mortality, hospitalization rates, and quality of life. Approximately 30% of patients fail to respond to traditional CRT implantation. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the outcome of dual resynchronization by placing the right ventricular pacing lead at His bundle or left bundle branch area against conventional CRT. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal follow-up study of a total of 35 patients undergoing CRT device placement for assessment of safety, efficacy, and feasibility of the procedure and post-procedural complications and correlation with parameters obtained from electrocardiogram and echocardiography parameters in a tertiary care set up in India. Results: Among this matched population (mean age 64 years) there was a higher responder rate with the newer technique of dual resynchronization compared to conventional CRT (83% vs. 70%). Conclusion: Dual resynchronization therapy is feasible and safe and provides better electrical resynchronization compared to conventional CRT and could be a better alternative, especially when suboptimal electrical resynchronization is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]