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2020 MAY 23 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Warthin's tumor. According to news originating from [...]

2018 SEP 1 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Fresh data on Angiology - Saphenous Vein are presented in a new [...]

2018 JUL 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Proteins - DNA-Binding Proteins. According to news [...]

White adipose tissue (WAT) is the main energy repository in the body. It stores and mobilizes, according to body demand, fatty acids hat have been implicated in the development of [...], OBJECTIVE--Fibrosis is a newly appreciated hallmark of the pathological alteration of human white adipose tissue (WAT). We investigated the composition of subcutaneous (scWAT) and omental WAT (oWAT) fibrosis in obesity and its relationship with metabolic alterations and surgery-induced weight loss. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Surgical biopsies for scWAT and oWAT were obtained in 65 obese (BMI 48.2 ± 0.8 kg/[m.sup.2]) and 9 lean subjects (BMI 22.8 ± 0.7 kg/[m.sup.2]). Obese subjects who were candidates for bariatric surgery were clinically characterized before, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, including fat mass evaluation by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. WAT fibrosis was quantified and characterized using quantitative PCR, microscopic observation, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS--Fibrosis amount, distribution and collagen types (I, III, and VI) present distinct characteristics in lean and obese subjects and with WAT depots localization (subcutaneous or omental). Obese subjects had more total fibrosis in oWAT and had more pericellular fibrosis around adipocytes than lean subjects in both depots. Macrophages and mastocytes were highly represented in fibrotic bundles in oWAT, whereas scWAT was more frequently characterized by hypocellular fibrosis. The oWAT fibrosis negatively correlated with omental adipocyte diameters (R = -0.30, P = 0.02), and with triglyceride levels (R = -0.42, P < 0.01), and positively with apoA1 (R = 0.25, P = 0.05). Importantly, scWAT fibrosis correlated negatively with fat mass loss measured at the three time points after surgery. CONCLUSIONS--Our data suggest differential clinical consequences of fibrosis in human WAT. In oWAT, fibrosis could contribute to limit adipocyte hypertrophy and is associated with a better lipid profile, whereas scWAT fibrosis may hamper fat mass loss induced by surgery. Diabetes 59:2817-2825, 2010

2017 SEP 30 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in Oncology - Liver Cancer. According to news [...]

2017 APR 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Neuroglia. According to news reporting out of [...]

Byline: Timothy J. Durkee, Martin Mueller, Micheal Zinaman Keywords: Estrogen receptor protein; messenger ribonucleic acid; human spermatozoa Abstract: Objective: The processes leading to fertilization involve a series of sequential events including the deposition and transport of sperm in the female genital tract. It is becoming evident that spermatozoa in which a hyperactive state has been induced are more effective in both reaching and penetrating the oocyte. Many of the changes that spermatozoa undergo are the result of their ability to respond to the milieu of the female genital tract. In the presence of estrogen sperm have been shown to have increased their metabolic activity and flagellar activity and to have an increased ability to penetrate oocytes. Most important, these observed changes in sperm physiology occur quickly, suggesting a novel second-messenger system coupled to the estrogen receptor. Established effects of steroid hormones involve mediation of the signal through genomic expression. However, because it has not been definitively demonstrated whether the human sperm express the estrogen receptor, the mechanism by which estrogen exert its effect remains to be elucidated. Study Design: The presence of estrogen receptors on human spermatozoa was investigated. Immunohistochemistry performed on human spermatozoa indicates that the estrogen receptors are located on the tailpiece. In addition, protein from human spermatozoa was isolated and subjected to Western blot analysis. Results: Results indicate a single band of approximately 65 kd, similar to that of the native human estrogen receptor. Ribonucleic acid obtained from the human spermatozoa was reverse transcribed into deoxyribonucleic acid. With use of selected primers, this deoxyribonucleic acid was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Resolution and examination of the expansion products demonstrated a single band of deoxyribonucleic acid of 450 bp, identical to that expected from the selected primers. The specificity of this reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplified deoxyribonucleic acid sequence was verified by Southern blotting. Conclusion: For the first time we provide evidence as to the expression of estrogen receptor by human spermatozoa. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:1288-97.) Author Affiliation: Rockford and Maywood, Illinois Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rockford Clinic,a and the Departments of Microbiology and Immunologyb and Obstetrics and Gynecology,c Loyola University Medical Center., [star][star] Reprint requests: Micheal Zinaman, MD, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153., a 6/6/90649

Byline: Maria B. Sennstrom, Lena M. Granstrom, Charles J. Lockwood, Birgitta Omazicb, Olle Johansson, Anders Malmstrom, Gunvor E. Ekman Keywords: Fetal fibronectin; prostaglandin E.sub.2; labor induction Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate whether prostaglandin E.sub.2-induced cervical ripening can be related to changes in fetal fibronectin levels and whether fetal fibronectin can be detected by immunohistochemistry in amniotic and cervical tissue. STUDY DESIGN: Fetal fibronectin levels in cervical mucus were quantitated in 28 nulliparous term pregnant women with unfavorable cervical states before and after intracervical application of prostaglandin E.sub.2 gel. The concentration of fetal fibronectin was determined with use of an enzyme immunoassay. Cervical biopsy specimens and amniotic tissue for immunohistochemical analysis were obtained from three term pregnant women and after parturition in three women. Cervical biopsy specimens from two nonpregnant women served as controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antibodies directed toward fetal fibronectin. RESULTS: The fetal fibronectin level in cervical mucus was low in all women before prostaglandin E.sub.2 application. In women with a successful prostaglandin E.sub.2-induced ripening (i.e., an increase of cervical score with ?3 points), a tenfold increase in the fetal fibronectin level was registered. In women with an insufficient cervical ripening after prostaglandin E.sub.2 treatment no significant increase in the fetal fibronectin level was registered. The immunohistochemical analyses have identified fetal fibronectin in the epithelial cells of the cervix uteri. CONCLUSION: Successful prostaglandin E.sub.2-induced cervical ripening seems to be related to a significant increase in cervical fetal fibronectin levels. Fetal fibronectin can be detected immunohistochemically in the pregnant human cervix. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:540-5.) Author Affiliation: Stockholm and Lund, Sweden, and New York, New York Article History: Received 6 February 1997; Revised 25 September 1997; Accepted 30 September 1997 Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Hospital,a the Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute,b the Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Lund,c and the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine.d , [star][star] Supported by the Karolinska Institute Funds, the Swedish Society of Medicine, and Swedish Research Council grants No. 9508 (G.E.O.) and 7479 (A.M.)., a Reprint requests: Maria Sennstrom, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Hospital, Box 140, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden., aa 0022-9378/98/$5.00 + 0 6/1/86547

Byline: Carolyn V. Taylor, Michelle Letarte, Stephen J. Lye Keywords: Uterus; leiomyoma; integrins; cadherins; cell adhesion molecules Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to examine the pattern of integrin and cadherin expression in the normal human uterus and uterine leiomyomas. STUDY DESIGN: Nonpathologic myometrium and endometrium and uterine leiomyoma tissues were collected during hysterectomy. The pattern of integrin and cadherin expression displayed by these tissues was assessed by use of immunohistochemical staining. A transformed leiomyoma cell line was assessed for expression of integrins and cadherins with flow cytometry. RESULTS: The human myometrium was found to express numerous integrins and cadherins in a cell-specific manner, differing among smooth muscle cells, stromal cells, and endothelial cells. An identical pattern was seen in uterine leiomyomas. In contrast to the endometrium, expression of integrins and cadherins in the myometrium remained constant throughout the menstrual cycle. CONCLUSIONS: This article characterizes the expression of integrins and cadherins in the human uterus. In contrast to many tumors, the growth and development of leiomyomas are not associated with a fundamental change in expression of these cell adhesion molecules. The mechanisms regulating expression of integrins in myometrium and endometrium must be different. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:411-9.) Author Affiliation: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Article History: Received 12 June 1995; Revised 22 January 1996; Accepted 28 February 1996 Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the Program in Development and Fetal Health, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Physiology, University of Toronto,a and the Division of Immunology and Cancer, Hospital for Sick Children. b , [star][star] Supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (Program Grant in ''Birth and Perinatal Development'') and the National Cancer Institute of Canada. S.J.L. is a Career Scientist of the Ontario Ministry of Health. M.L. is a Terry Fox Research Scientist of the National Cancer Institute of Canada. C.V.T. is a recipient of a studentship from the Genesis Research Foundation., a Reprint requests: Stephen J. Lye, PhD, Program in Development and Fetal Health, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Room 775, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5., aa 0002-9378/96 $5.00 + 0 6/1/73372