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Background/aim: The common disease gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) has a high morbidity and mortality, so there is an urgent need for research to explore new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This investigation was carried out to investigate the expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3b (SMPDL3B) in GAC and its effects on tumor progression. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from patients who underwent radical gastrectomy from January 2021 to December 2022. Along with the normal gastric epithelial cell lines GES-1 and SGC-7901, the AGS, MGC-803, and MSN-45 human gastric cancer cell lines were used to confirm SMPDL3B expression. RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemical, cell proliferation, assay of wound healing, transwell migration assay, invasion assay, flow cytometry, and immune evaluation experiments were carried out. Results: SMPDL3B was found to be substantially expressed in GAC, and this condition has a bad prognosis. By establishing SMPDL3B knockdown and overexpression of GAC cell lines, this study confirmed that SMPDL3B promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additional bioinformatics research revealed a connection between SMPDL3B and immune cell infiltration in the GAC immunological microenvironment, which enhanced tumor cell proliferation by promoting the infiltration content of M2 macrophages. Conclusion: This study determined the function of SMPDL3B for the clinical diagnosis, prediction, and novel management of GAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Pseudorabies (PR) (also called Aujeszky’s disease, AD) is a serious infectious disease affecting pigs and other animals worldwide. The emergence of variant strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) since 2011 has led to PR outbreaks in China and a vaccine that antigenically more closely matches these PRV variants could represent an added value to control these infections. Methods The objective of this study was to develop new live attenuated and subunit vaccines against PRV variant strains. Genomic alterations of vaccine strains were based on the highly virulent SD-2017 mutant strain and gene-deleted strains SD-2017ΔgE/gI and SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK, which constructed using homologous recombination technology. PRV gB-DCpep (Dendritic cells targeting peptide) and PorB (the outer membrane pore proteins of N. meningitidis) proteins containing gp67 protein secretion signal peptide were expressed using the baculovirus system for the preparation of subunit vaccines. We used experimental animal rabbits to test immunogenicity to evaluate the effect of the newly constructed PR vaccines. Results Compared with the PRV-gB subunit vaccine and SD-2017ΔgE/gI inactivated vaccines, rabbits (n = 10) that were intramuscularly vaccinated with SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine showed significantly higher anti-PRV-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ levels in serum. In addition, the SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine protected (90–100%) rabbits against homologous infection by the PRV variant strain. No obvious pathological damage was observed in these vaccinated rabbits. Conclusions The SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine provided 100% protection against PRV variant challenge. Interestingly, the subunit vaccines with gB protein linked to DCpep and PorB protein as adjuvant may also be a promising and effective PRV variant vaccine candidate.

Background: Pseudorabies (PR) (also called Aujeszky's disease, AD) is a serious infectious disease affecting pigs and other animals worldwide. The emergence of variant strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) since 2011 has led to PR outbreaks in China and a vaccine that antigenically more closely matches these PRV variants could represent an added value to control these infections. Methods: The objective of this study was to develop new live attenuated and subunit vaccines against PRV variant strains. Genomic alterations of vaccine strains were based on the highly virulent SD-2017 mutant strain and gene-deleted strains SD-2017ΔgE/gI and SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK, which constructed using homologous recombination technology. PRV gB-DCpep (Dendritic cells targeting peptide) and PorB (the outer membrane pore proteins of N. meningitidis) proteins containing gp67 protein secretion signal peptide were expressed using the baculovirus system for the preparation of subunit vaccines. We used experimental animal rabbits to test immunogenicity to evaluate the effect of the newly constructed PR vaccines. Results: Compared with the PRV-gB subunit vaccine and SD-2017ΔgE/gI inactivated vaccines, rabbits (n = 10) that were intramuscularly vaccinated with SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine showed significantly higher anti-PRV-specific antibodies as well as neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ levels in serum. In addition, the SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine and PRV-gB + PorB subunit vaccine protected (90–100%) rabbits against homologous infection by the PRV variant strain. No obvious pathological damage was observed in these vaccinated rabbits. Conclusions: The SD-2017ΔgE/gI/TK live attenuated vaccine provided 100% protection against PRV variant challenge. Interestingly, the subunit vaccines with gB protein linked to DCpep and PorB protein as adjuvant may also be a promising and effective PRV variant vaccine candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract African classical swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread seriously around the world and has dealt with a heavy blow to the pig breeding industry due to the lack of vaccines. In this study, we produced recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) expressing an ASFV p54 and porcine IL-21 (pIL-21) fusion protein and evaluated the immune effect of NC8-pSIP409-pgsA'-p54-pIL-21 in a mouse model. First, we verified that the ASFV p54 protein and p54-pIL-21 fusion protein were anchored on the surface of L. plantarum NC8 by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Then, the results were verified by flow cytometry, ELISA and MTT assays. Mouse-specific humoral immunity and mucosal and T cell-mediated immune responses were induced by recombinant L. plantarum. The results of feeding mice recombinant L. plantarum showed that the levels of serum IgG and mucosal secreted IgA (SIgA), the number of CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the expression of IFN-γ in CD4 and CD8 T cells increased significantly, and lymphocyte proliferation occurred under stimulation with the ASFV p54 protein. Our data lay a foundation for the development of oral vaccines against ASFV in the future.

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) has spread worldwide, and the lack of vaccines severely negatively impacts the pig industry. In this study, the p14.5 protein encoded by ASFV was used as the antigen, and the p14.5 gene was expressed in vitro using the Lactobacillus expression system. Three new functionally recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) were constructed and the expressions of the p14.5 protein, p14.5-IL-33-Mus fusion protein and CTA1-p14.5-D-D fusion protein were successfully detected using Western blot analysis. After oral immunization of SPF mice with recombinant L. plantarum, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to detect the differentiation and maturity of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and DCs of the mice, which were higher than those of the control group. Specific antibodies were produced. The immunogenicity of the adjuvant group was stronger than that of the single antigen group, and the IL-33 adjuvant effect was stronger than that of the CTA1-DD adjuvant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African classical swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread seriously around the world and has dealt with a heavy blow to the pig breeding industry due to the lack of vaccines. In this study, we produced recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) expressing an ASFV p54 and porcine IL-21 (pIL-21) fusion protein and evaluated the immune effect of NC8-pSIP409-pgsA'-p54-pIL-21 in a mouse model. First, we verified that the ASFV p54 protein and p54-pIL-21 fusion protein were anchored on the surface of L. plantarum NC8 by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Then, the results were verified by flow cytometry, ELISA and MTT assays. Mouse-specific humoral immunity and mucosal and T cell-mediated immune responses were induced by recombinant L. plantarum. The results of feeding mice recombinant L. plantarum showed that the levels of serum IgG and mucosal secreted IgA (SIgA), the number of CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the expression of IFN-γ in CD4 and CD8 T cells increased significantly, and lymphocyte proliferation occurred under stimulation with the ASFV p54 protein. Our data lay a foundation for the development of oral vaccines against ASFV in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) has spread worldwide, and the lack of vaccines severely negatively impacts the pig industry. In this study, the p14.5 protein encoded by ASFV was used as the antigen, and the p14.5 gene was expressed in vitro using the Lactobacillus expression system. Three new functionally recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) were constructed and the expressions of the p14.5 protein, p14.5-IL-33-Mus fusion protein and CTA1-p14.5-D-D fusion protein were successfully detected using Western blot analysis. After oral immunization of SPF mice with recombinant L. plantarum, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to detect the differentiation and maturity of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and DCs of the mice, which were higher than those of the control group. Specific antibodies were produced. The immunogenicity of the adjuvant group was stronger than that of the single antigen group, and the IL-33 adjuvant effect was stronger than that of the CTA1-DD adjuvant.

Objective: To compare the biochemical and immunological profiles of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with healthy children and adolescents. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study in which 21 therapy‐naïve patients with AML were compared with a group of 24 healthy individuals. The following data were analyzed: serum proteins, leucocytes and subgroups, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures under spontaneous and BCG‐ or PHA‐stimulated conditions, immunoglobulin A. and erythrocytic glutathione. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, considering as significant p‐values

Background/aim: The common disease gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) has a high morbidity and mortality, so there is an urgent need for research to explore new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This investigation was carried out to investigate the expression of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3b (SMPDL3B) in GAC and its effects on tumor progression., Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from patients who underwent radical gastrectomy from January 2021 to December 2022. Along with the normal gastric epithelial cell lines GES-1 and SGC-7901, the AGS, MGC-803, and MSN-45 human gastric cancer cell lines were used to confirm SMPDL3B expression. RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemical, cell proliferation, assay of wound healing, transwell migration assay, invasion assay, flow cytometry, and immune evaluation experiments were carried out., Results: SMPDL3B was found to be substantially expressed in GAC, and this condition has a bad prognosis. By establishing SMPDL3B knockdown and overexpression of GAC cell lines, this study confirmed that SMPDL3B promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additional bioinformatics research revealed a connection between SMPDL3B and immune cell infiltration in the GAC immunological microenvironment, which enhanced tumor cell proliferation by promoting the infiltration content of M2 macrophages., Conclusion: This study determined the function of SMPDL3B for the clinical diagnosis, prediction, and novel management of GAC., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: The authors state that they do not have any conflicts of interest., (© TÜBİTAK.)

Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many recent studies have been conducted to find new DNA vaccines based on Toxoplasma gondii antigens. DNA vaccines encoding complex of different antigens showed better immune responses compared to single antigen vaccine. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encoding SAG1 , SAG3 , MIC4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA1 and BAG1 against T. gondii , and evaluated the immune response it induced in BALB/c mice. For this purposes, thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups containing tenmice each. There were two negative control groups (PBSand pVAX1 vector) and one vaccination group (pVAX1-MAF, Multantigenic Fragment). On days 0, 14 and 28, the mice were immunized intramuscularly, and 5 weeks later they were challenged with T. gondii RH strain. The immune responses were evaluated using lymphocyte proliferation assay, T-cell subsets detection, and measurement of antibody and cytokine levels. The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX1-MAF developed high levels of IL-2, IL-12, IgG and IFN- γ as well as CD3+CD4+ T cells. In addition, the survival time of mice immunized by pVAX1-MAF was longer than that control mice. In conclusion, our results show that the multiple DNA vaccine encodingSAG1, SAG3, mic4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA and BAG1effectively enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses, and prolonged the survival time. Together this would suggest that further investigation may result in a promising candidate vaccine to treat toxoplasmosis. [Display omitted] • The multiple DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3, mic4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA and BAG1 effectively enhanced humoral immune responses. • The multiple DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3, mic4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA and BAG1 effectively enhanced cellular immune responses. • The multiple DNA vaccine SAG1, SAG3, mic4, GRA5, GRA7, AMA and BAG1can be a promising candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jornal de Pediatria is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

DNA vaccine is an attractive immune platform for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, but existing disadvantages limit its use in preclinical and clinical assays, such as weak immunogenicity and short half-life. Here, we reported a novel liposome-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (pSFV-MEG/LNPs) consisting of a biodegradable core (mPEG-PLGA) and a hydrophilic shell (lecithin/PEG-DSPE-Mal 2000) for delivering a multi-epitope self-replication DNA vaccine (pSFV-MEG). The pSFV-MEG/LNPs with optimal particle size (161.61 ± 15.63 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (87.60 ± 8.73%) induced a strong humoral (3.22-fold) and cellular immune responses (1.60-fold) compared to PBS. Besides, the humoral and cellular immune responses of pSFV-MEG/LNPs were 1.58- and 1.05-fold than that of pSFV-MEG. All results confirmed that LNPs was a very promising tool to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses of pSFV-MEG. In addition, the rational design and delivery platform can be used for the development of DNA vaccines for other infectious diseases. The epitopes significantly impacted the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. The antigen sequence was rationally designed based on the optimal B- and T-cell epitopes screened with the help of bioinformatics software. The plasmid carrying the antigens and EGFP gene was transfected into mammalian cells to verify its expression. The immune effect of DNA-loaded LNPs prepared by the modified nanoprecipitation method was evaluated by the mice model. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA vaccine is an attractive immune platform for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, but existing disadvantages limit its use in preclinical and clinical assays, such as weak immunogenicity and short half-life. Here, we reported a novel liposome-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (pSFV-MEG/LNPs) consisting of a biodegradable core (mPEG-PLGA) and a hydrophilic shell (lecithin/PEG-DSPE-Mal 2000) for delivering a multi-epitope self-replication DNA vaccine (pSFV-MEG). The pSFV-MEG/LNPs with optimal particle size (161.61 ± 15.63 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (87.60 ± 8.73%) induced a strong humoral (3.22-fold) and cellular immune responses (1.60-fold) compared to PBS. Besides, the humoral and cellular immune responses of pSFV-MEG/LNPs were 1.58- and 1.05-fold than that of pSFV-MEG. All results confirmed that LNPs was a very promising tool to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses of pSFV-MEG. In addition, the rational design and delivery platform can be used for the development of DNA vaccines for other infectious diseases., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The main purpose of this research is to synthesize and evaluate a new glycoconjugate vaccine against Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp). First, the gene (waaL) responsible for the expression of O antigen ligase was deleted to block the synthesis of bacterial LPS. Then the vector that encodes a glycosyltransferase (PglL) was transferred into the mutant. The enzyme PglL could catalyze the transfer of OPS units to recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) to form glycoproteins in vivo. The protective effects of the glycoproteins were studied by the mice models with acute bacteremia that were induced by intraperitoneal injection of wildtype Kp bacteria. The results were as followings: A Kp waaL mutant was obtained and the rCTB protein could be successfully glycosylated in the mutant. The vaccine can stimulate a high antibody titer in the mice sera with or without adjuvant. It can also protect mice from the lethal dose injection of Kp. The survival rate of vaccine candidate groups could reach 75%. The glycoconjugate vaccine candidate prepared by this biosynthetic method is expected to become a novel effective vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Objective: To compare the biochemical and immunological profiles of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with healthy children and adolescents., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 21 therapy-naïve patients with AML were compared with a group of 24 healthy individuals. The following data were analyzed: serum proteins, leucocytes and subgroups, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets, cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures under spontaneous and BCG- or PHA-stimulated conditions, immunoglobulin A, and erythrocytic glutathione. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, considering as significant p-values<0.05., Results: Serum albumin levels were higher (p<0.0001) in the control group, as well as all the parameters related to red blood cells (p<0.0001). For leucocytes and subgroups, no statistical difference was found between the AML and the control groups. For cytokines, the concentrations were significantly higher under spontaneous and BCG-stimulated conditions for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the control group. Under PHA-stimulated conditions, the concentration was higher (p=0.002) only for IL-6. No difference was found between the two groups for the other cytokines and for IgA in the saliva. Erythrocytic glutathione was higher (p<0.0001) in AML patients., Conclusions: It was possible to characterize the biochemical and immunological profile of pediatric patients with AML, as well as highlight some significant differences in these parameters when comparing with healthy children and adolescents., (Copyright © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)