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Ulrich Kühne,1 Jørgen Esmann,2 Dennis von Heimburg,3 Matthias Imhof,1 Petra Weissenberger,4 Gerhard Sattler,5 On behalf of the BALIA Study Group 1Aesthetische Dermatologie im Medico Palais, Bad Soden, Germany; 2Jørgen Esmann Aps, Hellerup, Denmark; 3Praxisklinik Kaiserplatz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; 4Corporate Clinical Research, Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; 5Rosenparkklinik GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany Abstract: Cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM®) hyaluronic acid fillers are now available with or without lidocaine. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and performance of CPM® fillers with lidocaine in the clinical setting. In an open-label, prospective, postmarketing study, 108 patients from seven sites in Germany and Denmark were treated with one or more lidocaine-containing CPM® fillers. Performance was assessed using the Merz Aesthetics Scales® (MAS). Pain was rated on an 11-point visual analog scale. Patients’ and physicians’ satisfaction as well as adverse events were recorded. Improvements of ≥1-point on MAS immediately after and 17 days posttreatment were observed in ~90% of patients compared with baseline. All investigators assessed ejection force, product positioning, and performance as similar or superior to the respective nonlidocaine products. Overall, 94% of investigators were satisfied with the esthetic outcomes and were willing to continue using the products. All patients except one were satisfied with the results, and all were willing to repeat the treatment. Mean pain scores were low during (

Welf Prager,1 Jürgen Huber-Vorländer,2 A Ziah Taufig,3 Matthias Imhof,4 Ulrich Kühne,4 Ruth Weissberg,5 Lars-Peter Kuhr,6 Volker Rippmann,3 Wolfgang G Philipp-Dormston,7 Thomas M Proebstle,8 Claudia Roth,9 Martina Kerscher,10 Claudius Ulmann,11 Tatjana Pavicic121Dermatologikum, Hamburg, 2Fort Malakoff Klinik, Mainz, 3Praxisklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Cologne, 4Ästhetische Dermatologie im Medico Palais, Bad Soden, 5Taimerhofstrasse 28, Munich, 6Aqua Medical Spa, Munich; 7Hautzentrum Köln, Cologne, 8Privatklinik Proebstle GmbH, Mannheim, 9Kö-Klinik, Düsseldorf, 10MIN Fakultät/Department Chemie/Kosmetikwissenschaft, Hamburg, 11Kosmas Klinik, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, 12Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Munich, GermanyBackground: Botulinum toxin type A treatment has been used for over 20 years to enhance the appearance of the face. There are several commercially available botulinum toxin type A products used in aesthetic clinical practice. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to compare the clinical efficacy of the most commonly used botulinum toxin type A preparations in daily practice.Methods: Physicians from 21 centers in Germany completed questionnaires based on an inspection of subject files for subjects 18 years of age or over who had received at least two, but not more than three, consecutive treatments with incobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, or abobotulinumtoxinA within a 12-month period in the previous 2 years. Data on subject and physician satisfaction, treatment intervals, dosages, and safety were collected from 1256 subjects.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between incobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA with respect to physician and subject satisfaction, dosages, and adverse effects experienced. Both botulinum toxin type A preparations were well tolerated and effective in the treatment of upper facial lines. Due to low treatment numbers, abobotulinumtoxinA was not included in the statistical analysis.Conclusion: The results of this retrospective analysis confirm the results of prospective clinical trials by demonstrating that, in daily practice, incobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA are used at a 1:1 dose ratio and display comparable efficacy and safety.Keywords: NT 201, incobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, upper face, retrospective analysis

Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) are two critical input parameters required in various biophysical models. There are limited published data on FC and PWP of dryland cropping soils across north-western Victoria. Direct measurements of FC and PWP are time-consuming and expensive. Reliable prediction of FC and PWP from their functional relationships with routinely measured soil properties can help to circumvent these constraints. This study provided measured data on FC using undisturbed samples and PWP as functions ofgeomorphological unit, soil type, and soil texture class for dryland cropping soils of north-western Victoria. We used a balanced, nested sampling strategy and developed functional relationships of FC and PWP with routinely measured soil properties using residual maximum likelihood based mixed-effects regression modelling. Using the data, we also tested the adequacy of nine published pedotransfer functions (PTFs) in predicting FC and PWP. Significant differences were observed among the three soil types and nine texture classes for most soil properties. FC and PWP were higher for Grey Vertosols (FC 43.7% vol, PWP 29.1% vol) than Hypercalcic Calcarosols (38.4%, 23.5%) and Red Sodosols (20.2%, 9.2%). Of the several functional relationships developed for prediction of FC and PWP, a quadratic single-predictor model based on dg (geometric mean particle size diameter) performed better than other models for both FC and PWP. It was nearly bias-free, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.18% vol and an [R.sup.2] of 93% for FC, and RMSE 3.47% vol and [R.sup.2] 89% for PWP. Another useful model for FC was a slightly biased, two- predictor quadratic model based on clay and silt, with RMSE 3.14% vol and [R.sup.2] 94%. For PWP, two other possibly useful, though slightly biased, models included a single-predictor quadratic model based on clay (RMSE 3.45% vol, [R.sup.2] 89%) and a three-predictor model based on clay, silt, and [σ.sub.g] (geometric standard deviation of particle size diameter) (RMSE 3.27% vol, [R.sup.2] 90%). We observed a strong quadratic relationship of FC with PWP (RMSE 1.61% vol, [R.sup.2] 98%). This suggests the possibility to further improve the prediction of FC indirectly through PWP. These predictive models for FC and PWP, though developed for the dryland cropping soils of north-western Victoria, may be applicable to other regions with similar soil and climatic conditions. Some validation is desirable before these models are confidently applied in a new situation. Of the nine published PTFs, the multiple linear regression and artificial neural network based NTh5 for FC and NTh3 and CAM for PWP performed better on our data for the prediction of FC and PWP. The root mean square deviation of these PTFs, for both FC and PWP, was higher than the RMSE of our models. Our models are therefore likely to perform better under the dryland cropping soils of north-western Victoria than these PTFs. As a safeguard against arriving at optimistic inferences, we suggest that the modelling of functional relationships needs to account for the hierarchical structure of the sampling design using appropriate mixed effects regression models. Additional keywords: mixed effects regression, nested sampling design, plant-available water capacity, PTFs, residual maximum likelihood, soil texture, soil type, soil water retention., Introduction The most important soil factor that controls yield in much of the Australian grain-production regions is the quantity of plant-available water (e.g. Rab et al. 2009). Prediction of the [...]