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Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah suatu gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan gula darah yang naik secara berlebihan akibat gangguan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein pada penderita diabetes disebabkan oleh kurangnya aktivitas insulin pada sel target. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepatuhan penggunaan insulin dengan luaran terapi klinis di Apotek X. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi Cross Sectional dan pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif menggunaka kuisioner Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) dan data hasil laboratorium. Analisa dapat dilaksanakan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepatuhan tinggi sebesar 6 responden (30%) dan kepatuhan rendah sebesar 14 responden (70%). Uji chi-square menunjukkan hubungan antara penggunaan insulin dengan HbA1c dengan p-value = 0,01, hubungan antara penggunaan insulin dengan Gula Darah Puasa dengan p-value = 0,024, dan tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan insulin dengan Gula Darah Sewaktu dengan p-value = 0,807. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan penggunaan insulin mempengaruhi terkontrolnya luaran terapi klinis pasien. Kata Kunci : Diabetes Melitus, Insulin, HbA1c, GDP, GDS, Apotek

Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) yaitu penyakit kronis yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius. Hal inilah yang membuat penderita DMT2 mengalami distress. Diabetes distress merupakan kondisi yang menggambarkan stress psikologi yang dialami penderita sebagai manifestasi dari rasa takut mengenai hal negatif akibat penyakit diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran distress pada pasien DMT2 yang menggunakan insulin di Apotek X. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional selama bulan Juni-September 2022 di Apotek X, Yogyakarta. Kriteria responden penelitian adalah semua pasien DMT2 yang datang ke Apotek X dan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Kriteria inklusinya yaitu: pasien >18 tahun yang terdiagnosa DMT2, telah menggunakan insulin (baik tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan insulin atau oral antihiperglikemia) minimal 3 bulan sebelum rekrutmen penelitian dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian ini. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). Dari 75 responden mengalami diabetes distress tingkat rendah (94,67%) dan tingkat sedang (5,33%). Domain distress yang berpengaruh pada pasien DMT2 yaitu beban emosional (1,30), pengobatan (1,29), interpersonal (1,18), dan dokter/tenaga kesehatan (1,14). Disimpulkan bahwa pasien DMT2 yang menggunakan insulin di Apotek X mengalami diabetes distress tingkat ringan dengan domain yang paling berpengaruh adalah distress beban emosional. Kata kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Diabetes Distress Scale, Diabetes distress

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu krisis global terutama pada fase urbanisasi yangcepat, perubahan gaya hidup, dan pola makan yang tidak sehat. Prevalensi Diabetes MellitusType 2 (DMT2) di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 8.5% yang artinya sebanyak 20.4juta masyarakat Indonesia menderita DMT2. Berbagai pengobatan yang efektif telah seringdidapatkan pasien DMT2 tetapi kadar gula darah masih belum terkontrol sehingga akanmempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui hubungan luaranterapi dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien DMT2 yang menggunakan insulin. Penelitiandilaksanakan dengan desain cross-sectional, menggunakan instrumen kuesioner DiabetesQuality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ) dan data rekam medis pada pasienDMT2 yang menggunakan insulin di Apotek X Kota Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa dari 50 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sebanyak 48%berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan 52% berjenis kelamin perempuan dan didominasi umur >60tahun sebanyak 60%. Gambaran luaran terapi gula darah puasa (GDP) menunjukkan hasilterkontrol sebanyak 28% dan tidak terkontrol 72%. Kualitas hidup baik pada domain fungsifisik sebanyak 72%, energi 22%, tekanan kesehatan 92%, kesehatan mental 56%, kepuasanpribadi 42%, kepuasan pengobatan 54%, efek pengobatan 20%, dan frekuensi gejalapenyakit 60%. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antaraluaran terapi dengan kualitas hidup (p>0.05). Kata Kunci : luaran terapi gula darah puasa (GDP), kualitas hidup, diabetes mellitus type 2

T2DM sufferers during treatment will face stressors that will affect the outcome of therapy and psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perception and distress of T2DM patients on adherence, the relationship between adherence to therapy outcomes and quality of life. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional approach, data was collected prospectively in T2DM patients in Abdul Azis Singkawang Hospital, Dok II Jayapura Hospital and Meranti Hospital. The questionnaires used in this research were the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) questionnaire, the Brief Perception Questionaire (B-IPQ), the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4), and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Data analysis using variance based SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0. The results of the study were 217 DMT2 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria dominated by female patients (59%) while men (41%). The index value of quality of life was 0.78±0.26 and visual analog scale was 71.46±14.45. The highest mean perception value was the treatment control domain (8.11±1.89). The mean value of compliance was 2.27±1.36. The results showed that perceptions and stress levels did not have a significant effect on adherence (p>0.05). Compliance did not have a significant effect on therapeutic outcome and quality of life (p>0.05). Stress levels and perceptions did not correlate with outcomes of therapy through adherence (p>0.05) and with quality of life through adherence (p>0.05). The highest mean score on DDS-17 is the therapeutic management domain (2.55±1.08). CSSRM concept conclusion in this study was that adherence did not have a significant effect on outcomes of therapy and quality of life. Perceptions and stress levels did not have a significant effect on compliance. ABSTRAK Penderita DMT2 selama dalam pengobatan akan menghadapi stressor yang akan berpengaruh terhadap luaran terapi dan faktor psikologis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi dan distress pasien DMT2 terhadap kepatuhan, hubungan kepatuhan terhadap luaran terapi dan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, pengambilan data dilakukan secara prospektif pada pasien DMT2 di RSUD Abdul Azis Singkawang, RS Dok II Jayapura dan RSUD Meranti. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), Brief-Illnes Perception Questionaire (B-IPQ), Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4), dan European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Analisis data menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) yang berbasis varians yaitu Partial Least Square (PLS) 3.0. Hasil penelitian terdapat 217 pasien DMT2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi didominasi oleh pasien perempuan (59%) sedangkan laki-laki (41%). Nilai indek kualitas hidup adalah 0,78±0,26 dan visual analog scale 71,46±14,45. Rerata nilai tertinggi persepsi adalah domain kontrol pengobatan (8,11±1,89). Nilai rerata kepatuhan yaitu 2,27±1,36. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persepsi dan tingkat stress tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan (p>0,05). Kepatuhan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap luaran terapi dan kualitas hidup (p> 0,05). Tingkat stress dan persepsi tidak berkorelasi dengan luaran terapi melalui kepatuhan (p>0,05) dan dengan kualitas hidup melalui kepatuhan (p>0,05). Nilai rerata tertinggi pada DDS-17 adalah domain manajemen terapi (2,55±1,08). Kesimpulan konsep CSSRM pada penelitian ini adalah kepatuhan tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan pada luaran terapi dan kualitas hidup, persepsi dan tingkat stress tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan.

Kasus demam berdarah (DB) atau Dengue Fever masih banyak dijumpai di daerah tropis dengan lingkungan yang kurang baik. Penelitian tentang DB telah dilakukan berkaitan dengan mekanisme peradangan dan terbentuknya interleukin-6 akibat respon tubuh terhadap infeksi dengue. Sebanyak 571 artikel berbahasa inggris yang diperoleh dari database scopus tahun 1992 hingga 2022 digunakan dalam analisa bibliometrik tentang dengue yang berkaitan dengan interleukin-6. Analisa bibliometrik digunakan untuk melihat tren penelitian meliputi kata kunci yang banyak digunakan, jurnal penerbit terbanyak, penerbit yang paling banyak dikutip, instansi penulis dan kolaborasi antar penulis digambarkan dalam visualisasi menggunakan aplikasi VOSViewer. Analisa bibliometrik menunjukkan tren penelitian semakin meningkat dari tahun 1992 hingga tahun 2022. Kata kunci yang paling banyak digunakan adalah dengue virus, dengue, cytokines, cytokine, dengue hemorrhagic fever dan inflammation. Jurnal penerbit yang paling banyak menerbitkan artikel adalah Jurnal Frontiers in Immunology dengan 34 artikel dan yang paling banyak dikutip adalah dari Jurnal Immunology sebanyak 1078 kali. Penulis terbanyak berasal dari National Cheng Kung University Taiwan sebanyak 103 penulis, diikuti oleh Mahidol University Thailand sebanyak 71 penulis. Kolaborasi antar penulis Single Country Publication (SCP) maupun Multiple Country Publication (MCP) yang paling banyak adalah Amerika Serikat diikuti negara China kemudian Brazil. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa penelitian mengenai demam dengue yang berkaitan dengan interleukin-6 menunjukkan tren yang semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kontribusi penulis didominasi oleh negara-negara maju seperti Amerika dan China. Peran penulis dari negara-negara Asia Tenggara dengan kasus dengue yang tinggi diharapkan dapat semakin berkembang.

The growing number of people with diabetes mellitus enhance the increasing number of antidiabetic medicine used and also the use of traditional medicine as a complementary medicine. The choice of treatment is depend on the patients’ perception and will have an effect on compliance and clinical outcome. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patients’ perception of consuming a combination of Traditional Medicine (TM) and Synthetic Medicine (SM) and their compliance with medication, as well as to examine its impact on the outcomes of type 2 DM treatment at three community health centers in Yogyakarta. This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants that met the inclusion criterias were 110 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been taking TM-SM combination at least one month at three community health centers in the City of Yogyakarta. The main outcome is the relationship between perception and compliance, as well as the outcome of therapy. Result showed that from 110 patients, only 40 (36.4%) had a good perception of the use of TM-SM combination, and 32 patients (29.1%) succeeded in adhering to the recommended administration of synthetic drugs. A total of 49 patients (44.5%) reported controlled blood sugar levels as the outcome of DM management. Patients' perception of drug combination was proven unrelated to patient compliance and treatment outcome (p> 0.05). For the conclusion, there is no relationship between patients’ perception of taking a combination medication with adherence and treatment outcomes. Keywords: Compliance, Perception, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Therapy Outcome

Background: Dengue infection is an arboviral disease that could lead to severe illness. The incidence of severe dengue will impact patients' financial aspects. As an important clinical feature, platelet level on admission day might contribute to the direct medical cost. Objective: This study aimed to examine the direct medical cost among patients with dengue fever (DF) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted in two private hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Participants included in this study were hospitalized patients diagnosed with DF or DHF. Data were extracted from medical records and finance departments in each hospital. Results: Among 174 dengue patients included in this study, the mean age of DHF patients (18.44 + 14.87) was lower than in DF patients (23.47 + 18.99). Patients with DHF (4.88 days) also showed prolonged hospitalization compared with DF (4.18 days) patients. In terms of medical cost, DHF patients need a higher dengue treatment cost, which is about 329.74 USD compared to 220.68 USD for DF patients in hospital 2. Mainly related to room charges, which increased by 9.48% in hospital 1 and 66.28% in hospital 2 compared with DF patients. Furthermore, DHF patients with thrombocytopenia on the first day of admission present higher medical costs in terms of laboratory fees (36.08%), medicine (18.17%), and total medical costs (9.84%). Conclusion: Severe form of dengue will contribute to economic burden. Therefore, prevention and adequate treatment are essential to reduce the prognosis of severe dengue and higher medical cost.

Jumlah kasus penyakit infeksi dengue pada tahun 2019 di Kabupaten Bantul mencapai 1.424 orang. Berdasarkan manifestasi klinis dengue terbagi menjadi dengue fever (DF), dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) dan dengue shock syndrome (DSS), dapat memberikan dampak pada kualitas hidup dan biaya sakit. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup dan biaya sakit pasien dengue selama menjalani rawat inap. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan cross-sectional di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Yogyakarta periode Februari - Juli 2021. Kualitas hidup dinilai menggunakan instrumen EQ-5D-5L untuk pasien dewasa dan EQ-5D-Y untuk pasien anak, sedangkan biaya sakit diperoleh dari bagian keuangan rumah sakit yaitu biaya medis langsung. Sebanyak 40 pasien rawat inap dengan dengue berjenis kelamin laki-laki (60%), usia 4-20 tahun (75%) dan menggunakan asuransi BPJS (82,5%). Kualitas hidup pasien menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 80% pasien DF sedikit bermasalah pada dimensi perawatan diri, sebesar 69% dan 100% pada pasien DHF dan DSS sedikit bermasalah pada dimensi rasa sakit/ketidaknyamanan. Rata-rata biaya sakit pada pasien DF, DHF dan DSS masing-masing sebesar Rp 3.192.725 , Rp 2.872.517 dan Rp 5.090.190. Infeksi dengue memberikan dampak pada kualitas hidup pasien dengue. Rata-rata biaya sakit tertinggi pada pasien dengan DSS.

Renal dysfunction is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous findings from a meta-analysis of GWAS indicated that the variation of RAB38/CTSC is highly associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in European populations. In addition, RAB38 knockout rats showed an increase in urinary albumins. Although the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is high in Taiwan, the role of genetic variants in diabetic renal function is still unclear. In the current study, 275 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients were recruited to perform a genetic association study. Our results indicated that rs1027027, rs302647, and rs302646 in RAB38 were significantly associated with urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) levels in DN patients. Importantly, after analysis stratified by gender, a significant genetic influence on UPCR levels was observed in the male population. The findings confirmed the roles of gender and variants of RAB38 in the risk of UPCR in Diabetic Nephropathy patients.

Interprofessional Education (IPE) merupakan pembelajaran yang interaktif, berbasis pembelajaran kelompok profesi, dengan menciptakan suasana belajar yang kolaboratif sehingga antar profesi dapat melakukan interaksi untuk menyampaikan pemahaman tentang interpersonal, kelompok, organisasi sebagai proses profesionalisme profesi. IPE dapat terjalin jika terdapat dua atau lebih mahasiswa kesehatan dengan bidang yang berbeda untuk belajar bersama untuk meningkatkan kualitas kolaborasi tenaga kesehatan pada lingkungan praktik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh IPE terhadap persepsi mahasiswa Fakultas Farmasi di Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (FFUAD) Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan one-group pre-test & post-test design. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner pre-IPE dan post-IPE, kuisoner IEPS (Interprofessional Education Perception Scale) yang dimodifikasi. Sejumlah 114 mahasiswa yang mengikuti program IPE . Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mayoritas mahasiswa FFUAD memiliki persepsi yang lebih baik atau meningkat setelah mengikuti program IPE (83%) dibandingkan dengan sebelum mengikuti IPE (76%). Hasil uji paired sampel t-test pada signifikansi 95% menunjukan ada perbedaan rata-rata antara mahasiswa yang belum mengikuti IPE dengan mahasiswa yang sudah mengikuti IPE (P=0,000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh dari pelaksanaan program IPE terhadap persepsi mahasiswa FFUAD Yogyakarta.

Prevalensi kejadian hipertensi diketahui tinggi pada negara dengan pendapatan rendah dan menengah seperti Indonesia. Dengan berbagai alasan tertentu, beberapa orang lebih memilih menggunakan pengobatan tradisional sebagai terapi komplementer yang dikombinasi dengan terapi konvensional. Pengetahuan terhadap pengobatan tradisional merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi seseorang untuk memilih pengobatan yang sesuai dan memiliki kontribusi pada luaran terapinya. Tujuan dari penelitian cross-sectional ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan pasien mengenai pengobatan tradisional dengan luaran terapi (berupa tekanan darah) pada pasien hipertensi dari beberapa puskesmas di Yogyakarta. Kuisioner yang digunakan meliputi 20 item pertanyaan yang digunakan untuk menilai pengetahuan pasien. Penelitian ini melibatkan 116 pasien yang telah didiagnosa mengalami hipertensi dan menggunakan kombinasi terapi tradisional dan konvensional. Karakteristik pasien pada penelitian ini banyak yang geriatri (43.10%), perempuan (67.24%), status menikah (79.31%), dan menggunakan mentimun (44%) atau seledri (25%) untuk pengobatan tradional yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi konvensional. Pengetahuan pasien terhadap pengobatan tradisional termasuk tinggi (63.8%), selain itu banyak juga pasien yang memiliki tekanan darah yang terkontrol (56.9%). Namun berdasarkan perhitungan statistik, diketahui tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan pasien terhadap pengobatan tradisional dengan luaran terapi (p>0.05).

One of the treatment objectives in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is improving their quality of life (QoL). Illness perceptions are major determinant of QOL. This study was aimed to evaluate the QoL of T2DM patients with complications, and to examine the correlation between patients’ illness perceptions and QoL. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a private hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from July to September 2015. We recruited adult patients with a diagnosis of T2DM with complications (ICD E.11) that has been diagnosed for at least 3 months. Illness perceptions were assessed with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and diabetes type 2 specific QoL with the Diabetes Quality of Life for Clinical Trial Questionnaire (DQLCTQ). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation test. We recruited 51 T2DM patients. Female patients were dominant and most of the subjects experienced T2DM more than 5 years. The BIPQ scores indicated that patients had positive perceptions about T2DM and the treatment in all domains, except for coherence. Scores on the DQLCTQ showed that T2DM patients’ QoL is good, except for the self satisfaction and treatment effect. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between BIPQ dimensions of personal control, treatment control and coherence and QoL domains (p

Diabetes mellitus(DM) and dyslipidemia are high prevalence diseases which also as one of risk factors for coronary heart disease. Knowledge and adherence are important factors in the treatment of DM-dyslipidemia either to control blood glucose and cholesterol or to prevent from complications. Education is one of the ways to increase knowledge and adherence. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of intervention ( Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) and motivation messages by SMS) to knowledge and adherence of DM-dyslipidemia patients in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. This research is a quasi experimental study with analytical quantitative. The data taken from February 2016 to April 2017 at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital. Inclusion criterias in this research are patient with age more than 18 years old, with diagnosed by DM-dyslipidemia, using 1 or more of DM and dyslipidemia medicine, not deaf, and cooperative. Interventions that given to the patients are Patient Information Leaflet (PIL) and motivation messages by SMS which routinely given in a week after first we met. Knowledge is assessed using questionnaire and adherence is assesed using pill count method. The data that need analyzed are characteristic patients and the impact of intervention using Wilcoxon and paired t-test. The result of intervention in 56 patients showed the increasing number of patient that have good knowledge after intervention, from 58,9% to 71,4%, otherwise it not differ significantly (p 0.071). Other than that, the adherence also increased that showed from the patients who have adhere category after intervention, from 58,93% to 91.07% and it differ significantly with p 0.001 (p

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the most common variant of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The economic burden of ESRD treatment with dialysis is substantial. The incidence and prevalence of ESRD in Taiwan remain the highest worldwide. Therefore, identifying genetic factors affecting kidney function would have valuable clinical implications. We performed microarray experiments and identified that ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) is differentially expressed in two DKD patient groups with extreme (low and high) urine protein-to-creatinine ratios. A follow-up genotyping study was performed in a larger group to investigate any specific variants of UBE3C associated with DKD. A total of 263 patients were included in the study, comprising 172 patients with DKD and 91 control subjects (patients with DM without chronic kidney disease (CKD)). Two UBE3C variants (rs3802129(AA) and rs7807(CC)) were determined to be associated with reduced kidney function. The haplotype analysis revealed that rs3802129/rs3815217 (block 1) with A/G haplotype and rs8101/rs7807 (block 2) with T/C haplotype were associated with higher risks of CKD phenotypes. These findings suggest a clinical role of UBE3C variants in DKD risk.

Background: Diabetes mellitus patients may have a different response tosimilar medication. Therefore, individualized treatment and monitoringof the therapy is needed to ensure the patients’ response. Alternativemedication or dose adjustment should be considered in order to achievethe therapeutic goal.Objective: The aim of this study was to find out patients’ response tomedication variation or dose adjustment.Methods: This study used descriptive design in PKU MuhammadiyahHospital and Panti Rapih hospital period October-December 2014.Participants are all patients who got pharmacological therapy for treatmentof diabetes mellitus type 2, including oral antidiabetics and/ insulin andmet the inclusion criteria. The response of therapy was checked 2 times,during check-in and check-out.Results: Analysis of response variation showed that individualizedresponse existed, in which positive response occurred in 10 patients andthe other had a negative response. The changes were dose adjustmentand medication alteration or medication addition. From 6 patients whoneeded medication adjusment, 5 patients had a positive response, andothers had a negative response. Whereas from 6 patients whose dosage ormedication was not changed, 5 of them had a positive response while onehad a negative response.Conclusion: Individualized treatment is needed to achieve a therapeuticgoal. Individualized treatment can be done through dose adjustment andmedication alteration, or medications addition., Background: Diabetes mellitus patients may have the different response over similar medication. Therefore, individualized treatment and monitoring of the therapy is needed to ensure the patient response. The alternative treatment or dose adjustment should be considered to achieve the therapeutic goal.Objective: The aim of this study is to find out patients response to medication variation or dose adjustmentMethods: This study used a descriptive design at some hospitals in Yogyakarta. Participants are all patients who got pharmacological therapy for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, including oral antidiabetics and/ or insulin and met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were all patients with ages above 18 years old which have been diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and patients who have completed data treatment in medical records. The data being analyzed were data of drug usage and blood glucose as a clinical data of response of anti-diabetic medications. A positive response was the last patient's blood glucose lower than the first, and a negative response was the last patient's blood glucose higher than the first. Outcome measured: Patient's blood glucose Results: There were 12 patients met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of response variation showed that individualized response was exist and made a positive and negative response. Positive response occurred in 10 patients and the other was a negative response. The changes were dose adjustment and medication alteration or added some medications. From 6 patients that needed the alteration of the medication, 5 patients got a positive response, and the other was a negative response. Whereas from 6 patients that did not change their dosage or medication, 5 of them got a positive response and a patient got a negative response.Conclusion: From 12 diabetes mellitus patients, 10 of them got a positive response. In conclusion, individualized treatment is needed by dose adjustment and medication alteration, or add some medications, to achieve the therapeutic goal.

The success of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) therapy does not solely depend on laboratory test results, but is also influenced by the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Patients’ QoL is affected by numerous factors, including distress and their home environment. This study aims to acquire a valid and reliable instrument concerning neighborhood conditions felt by DMT2 subjects. The research applied a cross-sectional design with adult DMT2 patients at the Local General Hospital Moewardi Solo. The Perceived Neighborhood Environment Questionnaire (PNEQ) was translated from English to Indonesian with the procedure of forward-backward translation. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine reliability, discriminant, convergent and known-group validity. The three domains of PNEQ have low reliability (Cronbach’s alpha

Objective. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is getting increased in Indonesia. The treatment and disease complexity may cause patients distress. The objective of this study is to determine the association between diabetes-related distress and the treatment outcome of T2D patients. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from diabetes patients at Abdul Azis Hospital, Singkawang, Meranti Hospital, Meranti County and DOK II Hospital Jayapura during 2017 and 2018. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM, aged over 18, and under outpatient treatment at the hospitals in the aforementioned period. The clinical and socio-demographic data were taken from the patients’ medical record. The Diabetes-Distress Scale (DDS) was used to measures the patients’ distress. Results. The patient characteristic of this research showed that the mean of patients’age was 57.14 years old (SD = 9.4). Almost 59% among them was female, 92.6% was married, and 62.2% had a higher level of education. Around 54% of patients had a HbA1C of more than 7.5 with a mean 8.68 (SD=2.58). It also showed from the plasma glucose which 53% had more than 200 mg/dL (the average 219.64 (SD=85.11)), and 71% had 2-hours postprandial more than 200mg/dL. The significant associations were seen between all domains of distress and random blood glucose (p

Kualitas hidup individu dipengaruhi oleh status kesehatannya masing-masing. Individu sehat maupun sakit dapat diukur kualitas hidupnya. Pengukuran menggunakan instrumen Short Form 36 (SF-36). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kualitas hidup dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan crossectional. Sampel merupakan mahasiswa Program Studi Profesi Apoteker angkatan XXXI di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan yang diberi kuesioner SF-36 dan form karakteristik sampel. Analisis untuk SF-36 dipetakan ke SF-6D dan data karakteristik dinyatakan dalam presentase. Analisis hubungan antara karakteristik sampel dengan kualitas hidup dilakukan dengan Uji Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis. Jumlah subyek yang digunakan pada penelitian berjumlah 126 mahasiswa. Hasil kualitas hidup mahasiswa profesi apoteker pada SF-6D menunjukkan skor sebesar 0,739. Hasil uji antara skor kualitas hidup dengan karakteristik menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan kualitas hidup pada jenis transportasi ( p=0,039 ) dan riwayat penyakit ( p=0,01 ). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa skor kualitas hidup mahasiswa dari SF Indeks pada SF-6D yaitu 0,739. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup mahasiswa adalah transportasi dan riwayat penyakit. Kata kunci : kualitas hidup, mahasiswa profesi apoteker, SF-36, SF-6D

This study determined the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD Ab) in a group of 926 young Malaysian diabetics of three ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Patients were clinically diagnosed to be Type I or Type 2 before the age of 40 years. The overall GAD Ab positivity was 17.4% (161/926), signihcantly higher in the Type 1 than the Type 2 diabetics (35.5%, 1161329 vs. 7.5%,, 451597, P = 0.0001). Compared to GAD Ab negative patients, seropositive diabetics were diagnosed at younger age (21.2 f 0.9 vs. 27.4 + 0.3 y, P = 0.0001), had lower fasting (289 + 27.4 vs. 640 + 17.6 pmol/l, P = 0.0001) and post-glucagon C-peptide levels (527 + 51.8 vs. 1030 + 28.9 pmol/l, P = 0.0001). There were no racial differences in the prevalence of GAD Ab; of the total Type 1, 30.8. 36.4. and 39.4% were Malay, Chinese, and Indian diabetics, respectively and of the total Type 2, 8.8, 8.2. and 4.40,:) were Malay, Chinese, and Indian diabetics respectively. There was a curvilinear relationshi:, between GAD Ab and the post-glucagon C-peptide levels, suggesting that GAD Ab do play a role in the 8-cells'destruction and could be an important immune marker for the LADA group. This study reconfirmed previous reports that the autoimmune mechanisms in the Type 1 Asian diabetics are indeed different from the Caucasians, and further investigations should be carried out to explain the differences. O 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. A11 rights reserved.

Cardiovascular complications are one of the frequent ®ndings encountered in hyperthyroid states. By exerting direct anabolic effects on the heart, elevated thyroid hormones caused increased left ventricular mass and contractibility. Hence, being clinically euthyroid but biochemically thyrotoxic, patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis have a higher risk of developing atrial ®brillation or cardiomyopathy. Detection and proper management of this condition is therefore important. We report a study carried out to evaluate whether, apart from the characteristic suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) but normalized free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels, other biochemical parameters could be used as indices of subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Recent studies have shown that good glycaemic control can prevent the development of diabetic complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We wished to observe the glycaemic control in patients from different centres in Peninsular Malaysia and the factors that determine it. We recruited 926 patients with diabetes diagnosed before age 40 years from seven different centres, with proportionate representation from the three main ethnic groups. Clinical history and physical examination were done and blood taken for HbA1c and fasting glucose. The overall glycaemic control was poor with geometric mean HbA1c of 8.6% whilst 61.1% of the patients had HbA1c greater than 8%. Glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes varied between various centres and ethnic groups, with the best control obtained in Chinese patients. Significant predictors of HbA1c in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include access to nurse educators, ethnic background and WHR. In type 2 diabetes, use of insulin was a significant predictor, while in type 1 diabetes, household income was a significant predictor. Socioeconomic status did not have a significant effect in type 2 diabetes. There were no significant differences in the glycaemic control in patients with different educational status. In conclusion, glycaemic control in big hospitals in Malaysia was poor, and was closely related to the availability of diabetes care facilities and ethnic group, rather than socioeconomic status.