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Tuberous sclerosis complex is a multisystem genetic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by the development of benign tumors known as hamartomas that affect multiple organs. It is a condition with a wide phenotypic spectrum, and its clinical presentation varies over time within the same individual. Hence, the importance of early screening and rigorous monitoring of evolving clinical manifestations. Diagnosis can occur at any age. These tumors are generally benign, but their size and location can have a significant impact on the prognosis and, in some cases, even on life expectancy. Cardiac, neurological, and cutaneous manifestations are most common in childhood. The onset of early and severe epilepsy within the first year of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders that impact the quality of life for affected individuals and their families. We present a case of a 22-year-old female patient experiencing inaugural epileptic seizures in adulthood, with magnetic resonance imaging revealing subependymal hamartomas, cortical tubers and radial migration bands accompanied by polycystic kidney disease; the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex was established based on the association of these lesions, which constitute major and minor criteria.

Cystitis glandularis is a rare benign condition, occurring in only 1% of the general population, and it tends to affect males more frequently. This pathology is characterized by reactive metaplasia of the bladder's urothelium, which results from chronic and recurrent irritation of the bladder wall. Symptoms are nonspecific and primarily marked by an irritative urinary syndrome accompanied by hematuria. We present a case of a young male patient with cystitis glandularis, discovered as a result of bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis detected during an ultrasound examination subsequent to an irritative urinary syndrome. The diagnosis was initially suggested by a CT scan; it was ultimately histologically confirmed following the endoscopic resection of the tumor.

Persistent fetal vasculature, previously called persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, is a rare congenital condition where a component of fetal vessels within the eye fails to regress, leading to visual acuity decrease or loss. We present a case of a 13-year-old male patient, with a history of second-degree consanguinity, psychomotor development retardation, intellectual deficit from birth, in addition to a progressive bilateral visual acuity decrease. He recently presented a leukocoria in the right eye. Ultrasound and MRI were performed showing a linear structure traversing the vitreous antero-posteriorly, in addition to a retinal detachment and lens luxation, suggestive of posterior persistent fetal vasculature. We draw attention to the late age at diagnosis due to the insidious evolution in our case, and we highlight the importance of ultrasound and MRI in establishing the diagnosis and identifying associated brain malformations.