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Background: Reproductive health, crucial for public health and sustainable development, encompasses family planning and contraceptive use. However, global disparities persist in the adoption of family planning, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of the complex factors shaping these reproductive health choices. Materials and Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases from July to August 2023. Inclusive criteria covered various study designs and populations, ranging from individuals to communities, and encompassed sociocultural factors. The review included open access articles published between 2018 and 2023, utilizing a combination of the keywords: Family planning determinants, Contraceptive use factors, Sociocultural factors in family planning, Individual-level influences on family planning, and Factors affecting contraceptive choices. Results: Data from 25 selected studies underscore the critical influence of determinants at both individual and community levels in shaping family planning behaviors. Key drivers at the individual level included education, age, knowledge, and attitudes. At the community level, factors such as geographical disparities and healthcare accessibility played pivotal roles. Sociocultural determinants, including media exposure, gender norms, and spousal dynamics, highlighted the need for culturally sensitive strategies. Conclusions: Advancing equitable family planning requires education, improved access, peer influence, and the active participation of husbands and male partners. Comprehensive programs should bridge the gap between knowledge and action, reduce disparities, and ensure equal access to contraception. Context-specific research and evaluating interventions are crucial steps toward achieving global reproductive health objectives.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify factors influencing the readiness of parents with elementary school-age children for face-to-face learning using the Health Promotion Model (HPM). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of parents of elementary school students in Surabaya. A purposive sampling method was used to select 395 respondents. The independent variables included motivation, parental knowledge, perceived benefits, perceptions of barriers, self-efficacy, interpersonal factors, situational factors, and commitment. The dependent variable was parental behavior in face-to-face learning readiness. Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using a logistic regression test, with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Results: Most parents were 37 years old, and children in the 5th grade of elementary school. Most of the parents' motivation was in the sufficient category (57%). The parents’ knowledge of COVID-19 was good (66.8%). Most parents had a good perception of benefits (68.4%), and the perception of barriers was sufficient (59.7%). Good self-efficacy was observed in only 49% of cases, and interpersonal and situational factors accounted for 99.7% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, regarding parental readiness for face-to-face learning, the majority exhibited good behavior (96.2%). The factors that influenced parental behavior in face-to-face learning readiness were parental knowledge (0.010), perceived benefits (0.019), and commitment (0.029). Conclusions: Good knowledge, perceived benefits, and parental commitment are factors that influence parents' readiness to participate in face-to-face learning. Keywords: COVID-19, face-to-face learning, good health and well-being, Health promotion model (HPM), parents

The system of MPKP is a framework that explains four elements: standards, process of nursing, education of nursing, and the system of MPKP. Hospital organizations aim to provide good quality service to the patients.Patient satisfaction is directly influenced by the quality of services provided, especially matters related to the facilities and process of resource services in the hospital. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Professional Nursing Practice Model (MPKP) and motivation and culture for nursing education students at Blambangan Hospital Banyuwangi. The type of research used was quantitative with a cross-sectional design. Hypothesis test was carried out using product moment correlation and multiple correlation analysis tests. This study’s results stated a significant correlation between the types of Professional Nursing Practice Model (MPKP) with a value of 0.842 ≥ 0.334. In addition, there was a significant correlation between motivations on the motivation of nursing education students with a value of 0.842 ≥ 0.334, and there was a significant correlation between the Professional Nursing Practice Model (MPKP) on organizational culture for nursing education students with a value of 0.862 ≥ 0.334. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between the type of Professional Nursing Practice Model (MPKP) on motivation and organizational culture for nursing education students at Blambangan Hospital. Keywords: Professional Nursing Practice Model (MPKP), motivation, organizational culture

SUMMARY: Purpose: Pediatric cancer is a serious problem and still becomes a global challenge today. Various complex stressors due to diagnosis, disease symptoms, and various side-effects from the treatment that children with cancer undergo will cause problems in the child's psychoneuroimmunological aspects. Psychological interventions designed to modulate the stress response include psychoneuroimmunological markers. Unfortunately, there is little evidence to support the effect of psychological interventions on psychoneuroimmunological markers. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions on psychoneuroimmunological markers in children with cancer and to provide a new integrative model for further research. Methods: This systematic review uses four main databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest). The guideline used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Selecting articles used the Rayyan application. The quality study was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)'s critical appraisal tools. The data were analyzed using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICO) Synthesis based on similarities and differences in study characteristics to interpret the results. Results: The search results in this systematic review found 1653 articles, 21 of which matched the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the designs used were randomized controlled trials (57.1%). Massage therapy was the most common type of psychological intervention (14.2%). Almost half of the studies measured psychological responses (38.0%), and psycho-physiological responses (42.9%), and only a small proportion assessed the effectiveness of psychological interventions on neuroimmunological markers in pediatric cancer. Conclusions: We recommend the use of psychological interventions as an additional intervention in managing psychoneuroimmunological markers of pediatric cancer. This study offers a new integrative model demonstrating the interaction between stress and psychological intervention involving neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms. However, future researchers need to test all domains of these new integrative models. This will reveal the complex interactions among these components and understand their relevance to health outcomes.

Introduction The proportion of stunted children in Indonesia is slowly decreasing. In most families, a mother is responsible for child care. The quality of maternal caregiving capability influences the mother’s ability to adopt appropriate childcare practices, which is essential to prevent childhood stunting. Objectives This study aimed to develop a model to enhance maternal caregiving capabilities in preventing childhood stunting based on the UNICEF model of care. Methods The study used an analytical observational design involving a pair of mothers and their youngest 6–23-month-old children registered at Posyandu (Community-based Integrated Health Care Center). Six hundred respondents were taken using a cluster sampling technique across seven healthcare centers in Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia. The independent variables were child, mother, father, and household factors, then maternal caregiving capabilities. The dependent variable was the nutritional behavior to prevent childhood stunting. Data were collected using questionnaires and then analyzed using the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) test. Results The study found that maternal caregiving capabilities are influenced by child (T-stat 2.605), mother (T-stat 3,800), and household factors (T-stat 10,338). Maternal caregiving capabilities affect stunting preventive behavior in children aged 6–23 months (T-stat 2.493). Household factors were the strongest factor affecting maternal caregiving capabilities. Conclusion Enhancing maternal caregiving capabilities model can be developed using its constituents, especially perceived physical health, psychological well-being, and decision-making. Household factors, including economic level and food security, were also important. High maternal caregiving capabilities were expected to enable mothers to improve their behavior to prevent childhood stunting (6–23 months).

Introduction: The prevalence of online game addiction has increased among adolescents in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between parent conflict and online game addiction among adolescents. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, correlational design. The inclusion criteria in this study were as follows: (1) adolescents between the ages of 13-19 and who were male, and (2) adolescents who were willing to become respondents. Eighty adolescents were approached according to the inclusion criteria, and 73 respondents were eligible for this study. The data collection method used was a questionnaire filled out by adolescents. The questionnaire was adapted to adolescents and to determine adolescents' perceptions of interaction conflict. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank test with α=0.05. Results: Parental interaction conflict was positively related to online game addiction among adolescents (p = 0.004). The majority of respondents who experienced online game addiction in the fair category had low interaction conflicts with their parents. Conclusions: Conflict of interaction with parents can cause adolescents to become addicted to online games. Parents are expected to engage in good interactions in accordance with the stages of adolescent development. Parents should be able to complete their problem interactions well.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Two prominent factors in this regard are a woman's history of contraceptive use and the duration of breastfeeding. This study aimed to delve into these risk factors and their impact on cancer incidence. The research employed a cross-sectional design involving 125 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This study used a total sampling approach to include all available patients. Data on contraceptive use, breastfeeding duration, and cancer status were collected through a questionnaire and subsequently analyzed using the chi-square test. The study revealed that breast cancer was the most prevalent type, affecting 41.6% of patients. Additionally, more than half of the respondents breastfed for less than two years (52%), while only 48% breastfed for two years or more. Notably, a significant majority (66.4%) had a history of using hormonal contraception. Statistical analysis demonstrated a compelling association between contraceptive history, breastfeeding duration, and cancer incidence (p < 0.001). In summary, the findings highlight a substantial relationship between a woman's history of contraceptive use, the duration of breastfeeding, and the incidence of breast cancer. These results underscore the importance of further research and the development of targeted interventions to better understand and mitigate breast cancer risk factors among women.

Introduction: Stunting and other health issues affecting children under five result from unhealthy environments. Environmental sanitation by providing sanitary latrines and clean water supplies cannot be divorced from its influence. A review of the literature was conducted to assess how healthy latrines and clean water sources can improve stunting in children under the age of five. Methods: Four databases (Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) with high and medium-quality standards were used to find the articles for this literature study. The study’s quality was judged using Joanna B Institute’s criteria. The research is included in the inclusion criteria if it has a critical assessment score of at least 50%. PICOS used as the review’s organizing structure. Results: The availability of clean water sources and sanitary latrines significantly impacts stunting. Access to subpar latrines increases the risk of stunting in children under five. Stunting in children under five is influenced considerably by the availability of safe water sources. Keywords: environmental factors; stunting; under-five children

Objective: To explore the family dynamics of coronavirus disease-2019 survivors from the perspective of parents and children. Method: The descriptive, qualitative study was conducted from May 27 to December 7, 2021, in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, and comprised parents and children of individuals who survived a coronavirus disease-2019 infection. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Of the 18 subjects, 10(55.5%) were parents and 8(44.5%) were children of the survivors. Among the parents, 4(40%) were aged 30-40 years and 6(60%) were aged >40 years, while among the children, 6(75%) were aged 7-12 years and 2(25%) were aged 12-18 years. The three themes identified were factors shaping family response, response and problem-solving, and requiring care and social support. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease-2019 patients, in addition to medical support need psychosocial support for better health outcomes. Keywords: Psychosocial, COVID-19, Adaptation, Psychological, Social problems, Health.

Objective: To analyse the correlation of parental knowledge and parental stimulation with toddler stunting. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2020 at the Tlanakan Health Centre, Pamekasan Regency, Indonesia, and comprised mothers of stunted children aged 6-36 months who had no comorbid disease. Data was collected using a questionnaire and a checklist. Data was analysed SPSS with Spearmen Rank correlation. Results: Of the 186 mothers, 125(67.2%) were aged 20-30 years, and 168(90.3%) were housewives. Among the children, 97(52.2%) were boys and 89(47.8%) were girls. The largest age group was that of 25-36 months 80(43%). There was a significant correlation of parental knowledge and stimulation with the development of stunting toddlers (p=0.001). Conclusion: Parental knowledge and actions of developmental stimulation by parents were related to the quality of development of the stunted children. Keywords: Growth disorders, Stunting, Child development, Parental knowledge.

Background: Development is related to the increase in the structure of bodily functions which Include tge ability of gross and fine motor skill, languange, and socializationand independence. One of the factors that influence a child's development is parenting, which is the pattern of interaction between parents and children. Early detection of development needs to be done in order to know deviations in development. Method: This research method used an observational analytic cross-sectional study design. The number of samples was 69 toddlers with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The independent variable is parenting and the dependent variable is child development. The instruments used were parenting questionnaire and child development questionnaire, namely KPSP. Data analysis technique used was the spearman with α = 0.05 and the analysis of the closeness of the two relationships using correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that there were 33.3% of respondents with permissive parenting had developmental status in accordance with or normal with their age, parents with democratic parenting also had 53.7% of respondents whose development was in accordance with or normal with their age, while authoritarian parenting there are 40.0% of respondents who are appropriate or normal for their age. Spearmen test results are known for each parenting, namely permissive parenting with p value 0.928, democratic parenting with p value 0.023, and authoritarian parenting with p value 0.420. Conclusion: the data shows that there is a relationship between parenting and developmental patterns, those are democratic parenting and permissive parenting. Keywords: child development, parenting, toddlers

Abstract Background: Stunting is one priority problem in Indonesia. The incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Tambak Wedi Public Health Center Surabaya in 2015 and 2016 were 31.3% and 33%, respectively. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months in Tambak Wedi Health Center Surabaya. Method: This observational analytic research used cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 220 and the sample size was 110 mothers and toddlers. Samples were selected by proportional cluster random sampling from the population of 220 pairs mothers and toddlers. Independent variables of the mothers include height, upper arm circumference, frequency of ANC visits, weight gain during pregnancy, meanwhile of the toddlers included birth length and birth weight. The dependent variable was stunting. Statistical analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. Results: There were 100 pairs of mother and toddlers in the study. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal height (p = 0.025, RR = 0.406), frequency of ANC visits (p = 0.017, RR = 0.382), increase in maternal weight during pregnancy (p = 0.017, RR = 0.328), the baby’s birth length (p =

Introduction: Interactions within the family will determine the behavior of adolescents. Lack of interaction in adolescents is a risk factor for adolescent behaving deviant, among others, unmerried sexual and aggressive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between parental interaction and the premarital sexual and aggressive behavior among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional approach was taken. The sample consisted of 744 adolescents from junior high school and senior high school in Java Island aged 13 - 19 years old who had completed a Google form. The independent variable was parent interaction while the dependent variable was premarital sexual and aggressive behaviors. The PACHIQ-R questionnaire was used for measuring parent interaction. While the dependent variable was using checklist questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation with a level of significance α=0.05. Results: The results show that there is a correlation between the parent interactions and premarital sexual (p=0.007; r=0.100) and aggressive behavior among adolescents (p=

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Pernikahan dini merupakan salah ssatu masalah kesehatan reproduksi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan laporan BPS 2017 angka pernikahan dini di Indonesia mencapai 25,71%, sedangkan di Kabupaten jember 28,66% perempuan menikah di usia dini. Antenatal care yang rutin dapat menurunkan angka kematian ibu. Berdasarkan Kemenkes 2017 kehamilan pada ibu dibawah usia 20 tahun meningkatkan angka kematian ibu. Remaja perempuan yang telah menikah cenderung 11 kali memiliki pendidikan yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan kepatuhan antenatal care pada ibu hamil primigravida dengan riwayat pernikahan dini. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional. Instrument yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan α=0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 81,35% ibu hamil dalam kategori usia remaja akhir, 54,2% Ibu hamil memiliki pendidikan terakhir SMP, Ibu hamil yang patuh dalam ANC sebesar 64,4%, ibu hamil dengan pendidikan SMA patuh dalam ANC (70,5%) dan didapatkan nilai p=0,005. Kesimpulan: Data tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan kepatuhan ANC pada ibu hamil dengan riwayat pernikahan dini di Kecamatan Tanggul Kabupaten Jember. Abstract Background: Early marriage is one of the reproductive health problems in Indonesia. Based on the BPS report 2017 the rate of early marriage in Indonesia reached 25.71%, while in Kabupaten Jember 28.66% of women married at an early age. Regular antenatal care can reduce maternal mortality. Based on the Ministry of Health 2017 under 20 years of gestation increases maternal mortality. Married girls tend to have 11 times lower education. This study aims to analyze the relationship of education with the agreement of antenatal care in primigravida pregnant women with a collection of early marriage.Method: The method of this study is a cross-sectional study. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square test with α = 0.05. Results: The results showed 81.35% of pregnant women in the final adolescent age category, 54.2% of pregnant women had the last junior high school education, 64.4% of obedient pregnant women in the ANC, pregnant women with high school education were obedient in the ANC (70 , 5%) and the value of p = 0.005 is obtained.Conclusion: The data shows that there is a relationship between education level and ANC compliance in pregnant women with a history of early marriage in the Tanggul District of Jember Regency.

Introduction: Sleep quality can be disruptive in patients with chronic illness, especially in patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF). In recent times, CRF was associated with poor sleep quality, about 25-36% of the normal adult population had sleep disorders. However, the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with uremia undergoing of hemodialysis occurs about 40-85% higher than the general population. It was reported that the majority of cases of chronic renal failure are people who lack sleep. Sleep disorders are very common in patients with chronic kidney disease. Poor sleep in hemodialysis patients has a negative impact on the physical and mental components of a person's life and leads to a decrease in their performance as well as cognitive and memory dysfunction. Methods: A queasy-experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling method is used simple random sampling, conducted between January-February 2018. A total of 52 patients undergoing hemodialysis divided randomly into two groups. The treatment group was given cutaneous stimulation and VCO for 4 weeks and the control group was not given cutaneous stimulation and VCO. Results: Giving cutaneous stimulation and VCO effective in improving sleep quality and comfort level. There were significant results on sleep quality seen from Mann Whitney test with p

Introduction: Besides being a physiological problem, breast cancer is also a psychological problem. Breast cancer patients are prone to anxiety, depression, stress, fear, and other psychological problems. Prolonged psychological problems that are not resolved lead to impaired self-confidence and motivation to undergo treatment, which has a negative impact on health. Psychoeducation as a psychological therapy as well as providing education is used as a therapy that aims to overcome the psychological problems of breast cancer patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental research design. The population in this study was breast cancer patients (ca mammae) at Prof. Dr. Margono Soekardjo Purwokerto. The sample of this study was 50 respondents obtained with purposive sampling technique. The independent variable of this study is psychoeducation and the dependent variables are self-efficacy and motivation. Data were collected using a general self-efficacy questionnaire and intrinsic motivation inventory as well as an observation sheet. Data were analyzed using the Paired T-Test and Independent Test statistical tests with a level of significance 𝛼≤0.05. Results: There was an effect of psychoeducation to self-efficacy and motivation (p= 0.000; p=0.000. Conclusion: This study shows that psychoeducation affects self-efficacy and motivation to undergo treatment in breast cancer patients (ca mammae). Psychoeducation provides information related to breast cancer and stress management methods so that it can increase self-efficacy and motivation to undergo treatment for breast cancer patients.

Abstract Background : Menopause is a natural period in a woman's life related to hormonal changes and is marked by the cessation of menstruation in the last 12 months and can cause a wide range of sometimes bothersome menopause symptoms. That menopause symptoms associated with several risk factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and knowledge. The study aims to identify the relationship of BMI and knowledge with menopause symptoms in the Shafa group Padang Petok Nagari Panti Selatan. Method : This research is analitic observational research with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried out by total sampling consisting of 55 respondents with inclusion criteria menopause women aged 45-65 years who have not experienced dementia, have good awareness and willing to be respondents. Data were obtained by weighing, measuring height and filling out The Menopause Rating Scale to evaluate the severity of menopause-related symptoms by respondents. Afterwards the data was analyzed by the Spearman rho test to see the association between BMI and knowledge with menopause symptoms. Result : The research shows 65,4% respondents with high BMI, 72,7% with lacking of knowledge and 60% with severe menopause symptoms. The results of the Spearman rho test showed a relationship between BMI and menopause symptoms (p value = 0.000), but there is no relationship between knowledge of menopause and menopause symptoms (p= 0,450). Conclusion : BMI related to menopause symptoms. Menopause women must monitor their weight in an effort to prevent these complaints.

Sexual violence against children is one of the world’s problem that has an impact on the mental, physical, and psychological conditions such as depression, fear, shame, which can lead to suicide for the victim. The level of prevention knowledge and emotional maturity in the child needs to be grown. Objective of this study was analyze the effect of mini movie on the level of knowledge prevention of sexual violence and the level of emotional maturity in school-age children. Mini movie video according to research by the American Psychological Association (APA) is an audio-visual media with message conveyed in the form of short films through hearing and sight. Mini movie contains 2 video, the first video taken from UNICEF Indonesia. The second video came from center for study and child protection (PKPA). This study used quasi experimental design with two groups and involved 85 students. The Emotional Maturity and Knowledge of Child Abuse Questionnaire used as the instrument. This research conducted used a simple random sampling technique. The research showed that mini movie media had a significant impact on the level of prevention knowledge sexual violence (p=0.000) and the level of emotional maturity (p=0.000) Mini movie media becomes a mass approach in modern era that can provide accurate information in delivering health messages for children. Education through mini movie media can stimulate children’s awareness and teacher as an effort to prevent sexual violence by increasing children’s knowledge and emotional maturity.

Background: Picky eating is a picky behavior that can be interpreted as a rejection of certain types of food or fear of trying new foods. Picky eating can make some problems inadequacy of nutrition and impact on child growth if it's not properly handled and left prolong Objectives: The purpose of this study was determined to describe the relationship between commitment mothers and behavioral prevention of picky eating on toddler. Methods: The research used correlational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The Independent variable in this study is mother’s commitment and the dependent variable is behavioral prevention of picky eating. The population was mothers with toddler age children in the working area at the Public Health Center of Kedawung 1, Sragen, Central Java. A sample of 120 mothers were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires demographic of the respondent, mother’s commitment, and behavioral prevention of picky eating that compiled by the researcher. This questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability, and then analyzed used Spearman-rank test. Results: The results of this study showed that the mother's commitment to picky eating prevention behavior had a significant relationship (p

Background: Postoperative ileus is the main complication post abdominal surgery; it signs two or more periods of vomiting and nausea, intolerance of diet more than 24 hours, inability to pass flatus more than 24 hours, and abdomen distension. Several studies are stating that interventions chewing gum, consuming coffee, and drinking warm water can reduce the incidence of postoperative ileus. Objective: Collects the evidence for effect chewing gum, consuming coffee, and warm water to reduce postoperative ileus. Method: This systematic review is arranged based on literature studies from five databases last five years, such as Scopus, Sciencedirect, Proquest, and Oxford, with the comprehensive survey, which conducted according to the guidelines in the PRISMA. We searched for studies with the keyword "chewing gum" OR "coffee" OR "warm water" AND "postoperative." Result: We selected 215 articles from an electronic database, and 17 articles with Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) method included. The sampling of selected items in this systematic review carried for five months to 1 year, from January to December 2010 - 2017, obtained 20 to 975 samples. There was a significant effect of chewing gum, consuming coffee, and warm water reduced postoperative ileus incidence without side effects. Conclusion: Chewing gum, consuming coffee, and warm water, are effective, safe, and not expensive to reduce the incidence of postoperative ileus and improve recovery post abdominal surgery.

Introduction: Immunisations for BCG, DTP, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis, and MMR are compulsory for children under 5 years old in Indonesia and government-provided free services. However, the available records indicated that adherence to the program remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with mothers’ intention to comply with the immunization program, particularly among those who had children of younger than one year old. Methods: The study was conducted through a cross-sectional analysis. Fourty-six mothers self-registered them selves as participants of this study. The data were collected through check-listed interviews, to investigate the correlations between social factors, information factors, attitude toward behaviour, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and intention to adhere to the compulsory immunization program. The data were then analysed using logistic regression and spearman rank test with significance level of α=0.05. Results: Mothers’ attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and knowledge have significant correlations with the intention in completing the immunisation program for their children (respectively p = 0.009; 0.014; 0.025; 0.038). Their intention positively correlated with adherence to complete the program (p=0,002). However, other factors studied did not correlate either with mothers’ intention to adherence to the program. Conclusion: This study suggests that mothers’ intention is influenced by family members suggestions, indicating that their capacity in decision making was limited and relying to other member. Further investigation is required to unveil the underlying reasons of being non-adherence.

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a clinical manifestation in neonates characterized by yellow coloration of the skin and sclera due to the accumulation of excess unconjugated bilirubin production in the tissues. Based on the data in the NICU of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, 46.8% of 844 neonates had neonatal jaundice. Therefore, this study is intended to analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of neonatal jaundice. Methods: This study used observational analytic method with case control approach. There are 84 neonates used as samples taken with sequential sampling. The independent variables are ABO incompatibility, prematurity, Low Birth Weight, asphyxia, and history of Diabetes Mellitus from the mother. Whereas, the dependent variable is neonatal jaundice. The data are in the form of secondary data from neonates and the mothers, analyzed using the Contingency coefficient with α = 0.05. Results: 85.7% of ABO incompatibility neonates had neonatal jaundice (p = 0.048, OR = 6.833), 57.4% of premature neonates had neonatal jaundice (p = 0.028, OR = 3.077), 42.4% of LBW neonates had neonatal jaundice (p = 0.032, OR = 0.346), 60% of asphyxia neonates had neonatal jaundice (p = 0.500), 85.7% of mother with DM history had neonatal jaundice (p = 0.048, OR = 6.833). Conclusion: There is a relationship between ABO incompatibility, prematurity, LBW, history of DM and neonatal jaundice while there is no relationship between asphyxia and the incidence of neonatal jaundice in Dr. Soetomo Hospital.

Aim: To analyze the effect of a parenting empowerment module, with the aim of reducing the stress experienced by the mothers of children suffering from leukemia. Design: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 mothers of leukemic children hospitalized in a pediatric oncology ward who met the inclusion criteria. The independent variable was the Family Centered Empowerment Module (FACE), which includes instruction on meeting nutritional needs, preventing infection, and preventing bleeding. The dependent variable was the stress experienced by mothers due to the hospitalization of their children. The instrument used for measuring stress of hospitalization was the DASS-21 questionnaire. The statistical tests used were Wilcoxon’s signed rank test, and the Mann Whitney U Test (significance level α = 0.05). Results: There was a decrease in levels of stress in the intervention group (p = 0.001). In the control group there were differences in levels of stress both before and after treatment (p = 0.042). The results of the Mann Whitney U test indicated p = 0.017. Conclusion: Cognitive empowerment can improve the understanding of parents caring for leukemic children, and reduces the levels of stress associated with child hospitalization.

Introduction: Pain in the neonate may result in negative behavior, physiology and metabolic responses. This study aims to analyze the behavior of nurses in the implementation of non-pharmacological pain management in neonates who performed minor invasive action with the approach of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: This research was a descriptive study of analysis with research design cross sectional. The population of this study were nurses working in the neonatal ward and neonatal intensive care unit dr. Soetomo general Hospital Surabaya. Total sample of 55 respondents selected using simple random sampling. The independent variable was the background factor of age, education, knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control (PBC) and intention. Dependent variable was nurse’s attitude. The data were obtained using questionnaires then analyzed using logistic regression with a degree of significance of 0.05. Results: Background factor age (p = 0.02) and knowledge (p = 0.004) correlated with attitude, education (p = 0.023) correlated with subjective norm, knowledge (p = 0.004) related to PBC, attitude (p = 0.010) and subjective norm (p = 0.006) relate to intention, and intention is related to behavior (p = 0.024). Conclusion: This study concludes that the management of behavior to be more directed to the factors that relate in shaping the behavior of knowledge, attitude, education, subjective norms, and intention.

Introduction: Slime is one of the toys that many kids like because it was adorable with a variety of bright and colorful color variations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of slime play therapy on biological, psychological, and eating behavior in preschool children who undergo hospitalization in the Dahlia Room of RSUD Mgr. Gabriel Manek, SVD Atambua. Methods: This research used quasi experiment with post-test only non-equivalent control group design. The total population was 90 patients with a sample size of 60 respondents, divided into 30 treatment groups and 30 control groups. The sample was determined by consecutive sampling technique. The independent variable was slime play therapy. The dependent variable was biological, psychological, and eating behavior. Data were obtained by observation sheet and Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) instrument and data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: There were differences between the treatment group and the control group on respiratory frequency (p=0.021), pulse frequency (p=0.002), stress (p=0.035), and eating behavior (p=0.041). Conclusion: Slime play therapy was an atraumatic care approach that can be used to reduce stress level hospitalization, biological responses to normal, and eating behavior to be good for children who were hospitalized.

Introduction: Knowledge and skill of school age children is still lack about first aid of wound. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of role play methodtowards knowledge and wound first aid skill on student. The aim of experiment is to study the effect of role play method towards knowledge and wound first aid skill on student. Methods: The design used in this study was quasi-experimental quasi-eksperimental pretest-posttest control group design. The samples were gathered using simple random sampling method consisted of 50 students based on the inclusion criteria which were divided into experimental and control groups. The independent variable was health education using role play methods and the dependent variables were knowledge and first aid wound skill. The data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with level significance α

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), especially upper respiratory infections often affects 2-6 year-old children. It makes the mothers of the patients looking for a quick solution to cure ARI and ask the doctors to prescribe antibiotics and even buy them without any prescribtions. Video can be used to stimulate both auditory and visual system to change behavior. The aim of this study is to analyze effects of health education with the video as a media to change the behavior of mothers in the use of antibiotics in children with ARI. Method: This study used a pre-experimental design. Its population is mothers who have children with a history of ARI that is in the Public Health of Mulyorejo. The sample is chosen through purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is health education with video as a media, while the dependent variable is the knowledge and attitude of mothers. Data were collected by questionnaire that has been test for validity and reliability and analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with alpha level ≤ 0.05. Results: This study showed result that this method affects the change in knowledge (p=0.000) but the attitude has not changed with p = 0.414. Conclusion: It can be concluded that health education with video as a media can be used by healthcare providers to improve knowledge of mothers in the use of antibiotics in children with ARI. Future studies are expected to be carried out more samples and add the intensity in giving of this method to increase the mother’s attitude.

Introduction: Diarrhea is an infectious disease that can infect people of all age, including school age children. Knowledge of diarrhea has an effect to the incidence of diarrhea. Preventive health care is the priority key to reduce the incidence of diarrhea. Lecture with short film media is one of the ways to improve knowledge and attitude of diarrhea prevention. The focus of health promotion model (HPM) is prevention disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of health education using lecture with short film media toward knowledge and attitude school age children about prevention of diarrhea with HPM approach in elementary school of Gading V Surabaya. Method: This study used pre experiment design. The respondents were 33 students, chosen with purposive sampling method. Independent variable was health education lecture method with short film media while the dependent variable was knowledge and attitude in prevention of diarrhea. The data was collected by using questionnaire. Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to analyzed (= 0.05). Results: The result indicates that there was significant influence of health education using lecture with short film media toward knowledge (p = 0.000) and attitudes (p=0.000) in prevention of diarrhea in elementary school of Gading V Surabaya. Conclussion: Giving health education using lecture with short film media can improve not only knowledge but also attitudes of school-aged children about prevention diarrhea. The next research could add more in variable of perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self efficacy and activity related affect to get maximum result in study with HPM approach.

Introduction: Preschool vegetable consumption still less than recommendation that lack of knowledge and attitude of ignoring the importance of eating vegetables is being the reasons. Storytelling is a method that suitable for cognitive and affective development of preschool which able to imagine new perspectives and invite learning experiences from the characters. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of storytelling on knowledge and attitude vegetable consumption for preschool at Nitasari Kindergarten Mojo Gubeng Surabaya. Method: A Quasy Experiment method with pretest-posttest control group design was used. The populations were students of Nitasari Kindergarten Surabaya in the B class which has 37 students. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique. The independent variable is storytelling with flash card as a media, while the dependent variable is the knowledge and attitude of preschool in vegetable consumption. Data were collected by using questionnaire and interview then analyzed using level of significance p

Introduction: Toddler malnutrition occurs because at this stage needs of a larger nutrition and more easy to get malnutrition. Lack of knowledge about nutrition and health in the elderly, especially the mother is one of the causes of malnutrition in toddler. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of mother’s feeding behavior between toddler’s malnutrition statuses at Puskesmas Sumurgung Kabupaten Tuban. Method: This study use descriptive correlation with cross-sectional design. The population were all mothers with toddler who have malnutrition status at Sumurgung. Samples was taken by purposive sampling technique with 20 respondents. Data were collected by using questionnaire then analyzed using level of significance p

Pendahuluan: Perkembangan merupakan aspek penting dalam kehidupan anak terutama dalam tahun pertama kehidupan bayi. Keterampilan tentang stimulasi multisensory harus dimiliki oleh orang yang memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan informasi tentang kesehatan kepada ibu-ibu di masyarakat yaitu Kader posyandu Metode: Kegiatan dilakukan melalui pendidikan kesehatan dan pelatihan kepada kader Posyandu. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner pre dan post test. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan rerata nilai hasil kuesioner dari skor rerata 7,65 menjadi 9,6. Diskusi :Kader kesehatan merupakan penyambung atau penyedia informasi kesehatan primer kepada masyarakat secara langsung. Peran kader sebagai penyedia informasi harus ditunjang oleh pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang kuat tentang materi stimulasi multisensory.

Pendahuluan: Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya gizi buruk pada balita adalah dengan memberikan makanan tambahan (PMT) yang tepat bagi anak. Pemahaman tentang pemenuhan nutrisi bagi balita dapat diperoleh melalui adanya informasi yang berupa penyuluhan dari tenaga kesehatan saat mengikuti kegiatan Posyandu Metode: Kegiatan dilakukan melalui pendidikan kesehatan dan pelatihan kepada kader Posyandu. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner pre dan post test. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan rerata nilai hasil kuesioner dari skor rerata 75 menjadi 80. Diskusi : Kader kesehatan merupakan penyambung atau penyedia informasi kesehatan primer kepada masyarakat secara langsung. Peran kader sebagai penyedia informasi harus ditunjang oleh pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang kuat tentang materi yang akan diinformasikan

Introduction: School age children are the group of age which often start to have an exposure by outside environment included school environment. This case causes school age children have a risk to have health problem because of their random snack consumption behavior. Snack of school has a risk to biological or chemical pollution which much disturb health. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of audio visual media in the effort of increasing healthy snack consumption behavior in school age children Methods: The study used quasy experiment. The populations were all of six graders in SDN Seduri 1 and five graders in SDN Singkalan Balongbendo, Sidoarjo. 40 students were participated. Sample taken used purposive technique. There were independent variable (audio visual) and dependent variable (knowledge, attitude, and actions). Data were collected by using questionnaire, then analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with significant level of ≤0.05. Results: The results of this study were knowledge (p=0.002), attitude (p=0.041) and actions (p=0.004) for intervention group. While in control group, knowledge (p=0.317), attitude (p=0.180), and action (p=0.527). The result of Mann Whitney U Test showed that p=0.001 for knowledge, p=0.000 for attitude, and p=0.000 for action. Conclussion: It can be concluded that health education using media audio visual is effective to improve the knowledge and the action in healthy snack of children in school ages. The next researcher hoped can apply the newest innovation in health education and analyze the factor about health snack in school age children.

Objective: Pandemic causes an increase in the poverty rate. The consequences will be many, including the birth of stunting babies. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on stunting. Analyzing the factors that cause stunting during a pandemic will provide suggestions for effective stunting prevention strategies at the national, regional, community, and household levels. This study aims to determine the factors that influence stunting during the pandemic. Method: We use mixed methods. The respondents of this study were 152 mothers of the Maternal and Child Nutrition Security project, and the sampling technique is Cluster Sampling. Quantitatively using a baseline survey whose analysis uses multiple logistic regression to determine the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio. The qualitative data used focus group discussions which were analyzed using Nvivo 12 with a questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements of children from surveyed households. Results: This study summarizes the multivariate analysis of stunting determinants in the pandemic era, revealing statistically significant interactions between household sanitation facilities and household water treatment. Significant risk factors for severe stunting during the pandemic were male gender, older child age, coming from a low socioeconomic quintile, not participating in prenatal care at a health facility, and mother’s involvement in choices about what to prepare for Community House. The FGDs identified misinformation about childcare and consumption of sweetened condensed milk as significant contributors to child malnutrition. Conclusions: Lack of sanitation facilities and untreated water are contributing factors. Water, sanitation, and hygiene initiatives must be included into Indonesian policies and programs to combat child stunting during a pandemic. The need for further research related to government assistance for improving toddler nutrition, as well as the relationship between WASH and linear development in early infancy should be explored.

Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. A cough and cold diseases such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other upper respiratory diseases are classified as non-pneumonia. ARIs that are not appropriately handled will affect the lung tissue and cause severity and even death. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of self-efficacy (SE) among mother to prevent recurrent (PR) non pneumonia (NP)-ARI on toddlers based on the integration of Precede-Proceed Model and Health Belief Model. Method: This study used cross-sectional design. The population were a mother with a toddler in Tanggalrejo Village of Mojoagung Jombang. A hundred toddler’s mothers were recruited as samples by cluster sampling. Variables in this study were predisposing-enabling-reinforcing factors, main constructs of perceived (MCP), perceived threat, SE and PRNP-ARI. Data were collected using questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion then analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). Results: The SE improvement model for the PRNP-ARI was formed from predisposing-enabling-reinforcing factors, MCP, perceived threat, and maternal SE. The greatest effect was on MCP against a perceived threat with T statistic value = 11.07. Conclusion: Increasing SE of toddler's mother can be done by educating mother about ARI concept, conventional ARI treatment, environmental modification, benefits of mask use, clean and healthy life behavior, proper hand washing, nutrition feeding, exclusive breastfeeding, stress management; create peer support group for toddlers mother; and optimizing the role of health officers and family support.

Introduction:Parental awareness of the earliest milestones considerably lower than of the later milestones. To raise parental awareness, Pathways Awareness’ brochure (PAB) can be used by the parents. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of health education of Pathways Awareness’ brochure to the behavior of parental early identification in child (3-15 months) early development. Method: This study used Quasy-Experimental design. Population had taken from parents who have a child from 3 until 15 months. Sample was comprised in to 30 individuals who fit with the inclusion criteria. Sample was divided by two groups, one group as intervention group, and another one as control group. The independent variable in this study were health education of Pathways Awareness’ brochure. The dependent variable was the behavior of parental early identification in child (3-15 months) early development. Data was collected by questionnaire of family knowledge, family attitude, and family action. They were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance level α

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is deficiency of insulin and caused by decreases of insulin receptor or bad quality of insulin. As a result, insulin hormone does not work effectively in blood glucose regulation. String bean juice contains thiamin and fiber may regulate blood glucose level. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of string bean juice to decrease blood glucose level of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: This study employed a quasy-experimental pre-post test control group design and purposive sampling. The population were all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Puskesmas Pacar Keling Surabaya. Sample were 12 patients who met inclusion criteria. The independent variable was string bean juice and dependent variable was blood glucose level. Data were analyzed by using Paired T-test with significance level of α≤ 0.05 and Independent T-test with significant level of α≤0.05. Result: The results showed that string bean juice has an effect on decreasing blood glucose between pre test and post test for blood glucose with independent T-test is p=0.003. Analysis: In conclusion, string bean juice has an effect on blood glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Discussion: The possible explanation for this findings is string bean juice contains two ingredients: thiamine and fiber. Thiamine helps support insulin receptors and glucose transporter in cells hence GLUT-4 could translocated to the cell membrane brought glucouse enter to the intracellular compartment, that leads to blood glucouse level well regulated. Dietary fiber reduces food transit time so slowing the glucose absorption. Therefore blood glucose level will be decreased.

Model intervensi Diabetes Self Management Education (DSME) memiliki variasi dalam durasi, intensitas pemberian, bentuk edukasi, faktor demografi, dan karakteristik klinis pasien, sehingga menyebabkan inkonsistensi hasil klinis dan luaran lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanaan DSME berbasis Health Promotion Model terhadap perilaku kepatuhan klien DM tipe 2, menggunakan desain cross sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah 65 klien DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Mojo yang dipilih dengan metode quota sampling dan 10 orang untuk FGD. Variabel penelitian adalah faktor personal, behavior spesific cognition and affect, komitmen, DSME, dan perilaku kepatuhan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan PLS dengan hasil yaitu faktor personal dibentuk oleh pendidikan dan motivasi. Behavior spesific cognition and affect dibentuk oleh perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived self efficacy, activity related affect, dukungan keluarga, dan pengaruh situasional. Faktor personal berhubungan dengan behavior spesific cognition and affect, behavior spesific cognition and affect berhubungan dengan komitmen, komitmen berhubungan dengan DSME dan DSME berhubungan dengan perilaku kepatuhan. Diabetes Self Management Education perlu peningkatan motivasi, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived self efficacy, activity related affect, dukungan keluarga, pengaruh situasional, dan komitmen klien untuk menjalankan program edukasi yang diberikan petugas kesehatan sehingga dapat meningkatkan perilaku kepatuhan klien DM tipe 2.

Introduction: Multiple Intelligences can be incresed by playing stimulation with educative playing instrument. Educative playing is the activity that uses educate ways and instrument. Educative playing very important to increase speech development, cognitive, socialisation with the environment and also increse the streght and skill of child’s body. Method: Design used in this study was quasy experiment design. The population was preschool children 4–5 years old in working area of Mojo Public Health Centre of Surabaya. The sample was preschool children 4–5 years old that spesific in inclution criteria of this study. Data were analyzed by wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the ordinal data pre and post intervention and mann withney u-test that compare between intervention group and control group with level of signifi cance of α ≤ 0.05. Result: The result of speech development that analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that controlled group had p = 0.157 and intervention group had p = 0.005 and the result of mann whitney test was p = 0.03. The result of kinesthetic development by wilcoxon signed rank test showed that controlled group has p = 0.317 and intervention group has p = 0.005, and analyzed by mann whitney test in kinesthetic development showed the result of p = 0.02. Discussion: Educative playing instrument (picture cards, play dough, origami and meronce) increased speech and fine motoric development of preschool children 4–5 years old in Mojo Indah Kindergarten of Surabaya. Educative playing instrument is the activity that makes the playing function optimally in child development and this activity can increase the child development such as physical, speech, cognitive and social adaptation.

Introduction: One of school age children may developing task is learning to interact with their peer groups. The introvert have problem with their social interaction. One ways that can increase the social skill is play activities with social situation. So social play activities: cooperative play can be one of alternative solution to increase social interaction of children with introvert symptom. This study was aimed to explain effect of social play activities: cooperative play on social interaction of children with introvert symptom. Method: Quasy experiment design was used in this study. The population was school aged children with introvert symptom in SDN Kendangsari III/278 Surabaya. Total sample was 23 respondents consist of 12 respondents as treatment group and 11 respondents as controlled group. The independent variable was social play activities: cooperative play. The dependent was social interaction of children with introvert symptom. The Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney U Test with level significance ofα ≤ 0.005. Result: Result showed that social play activities: cooperative play had significant effect on social interaction of children with introvert symptom (increased). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test showed treatment group had p = 0.002 and controlled group had p = 1.00. Mann Whitney U Test showed p = 0.002. Discussion: It concluded that social play activities: cooperative play can be one way to change social interaction of children with introvert symptom. Further studies should involve larger respondents and better measurement tools to obtain more accurate results.

Introduction: Hospitalization stress on child affect on their parents. Parent empowerment is the important aspect to develop in nursing care for reducing hospitalization stress. The objective of this study was to develop the nursing care model of reduction hospitalization stress through the COPE (creating opportunity for parent empowerment) approach on the parent whose child was diagnosed cancer. Method: This study used explanative research with cross sectional design. The population were parents whose child was diagnosed cancer in pediatric hematological ward RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya, conducted on 3–15th May 2012. Sample were 30 mother who met inclusion criteria: 1) toddler and preschool age, 2) first time admition on Bona 1 or Bona 2, 3)read and write well and 4) noncritical condition. The independent variable were antecedens (attitude, social economic status, motivation), diffusion of innovation, empowerment (knowledge, participation, skill and environment). The dependent variable was parent’s hospitalization stress. Data were collected by using questionnaires and observation. The data were analyzed by PLS (Partial Least Square) with loading factor =0.5 and T-statistic=1.96. Result: The result showed that antecedens factors affected to COPE diffusion of innovation process. Motivation was the strongest factor to influence the diffusion and innovation process (path coeffi cient=0.450;T-stat=5.278). The diffusion of innovation process affected to empowerment variable (path coeffi cient=0.487; T-stat=6.507). Discussion: It can be concluded that environment was the strongest factor as the compiler component of empowerment. Environment include physical and non-physical component. Empowerment affected to parent’s hospitalization stress with path coefficient=0.360 and T-statistik=4.980.

Hormonal contraception type injectable contraceptives increasingly popular in Indonesia because of its practical, cost-effective, and safe. Side effects of use injectable contraceptives is changes in nutritional status. Nutritional status is a measure in the assessment of nutritional fulfillment that reflects a person's health status. Changes in nutritional status are multifactorial like husband’s support. This study aims to explain the relationship between husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor. This study used cross sectional design. The sample in this research is women of childbearing age who use injectable contraceptive of Puskesmas Gading Surabaya region obtained by purposive sampling technique. Independent variable is husband’s support. The dependent variable is the nutritional status of injectable contraceptives acceptor. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and BMI measurements. To find out the relationship, this study uses Spearman correlation test. Husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor, obtained result p = 0,00 (r) = -0,546. The husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor has a moderate correlation with negative correlation coefficient, it means that less respondents get support from their husbands, nutritional status will increase until they get overweight or obese. It is necessary to increase the involvement of husbands in deciding the use of contraception, so women of childbearing age of injecting contraceptives acceptor receives adequate husband’s support.

Introduction: Upper respiratory tract infection ( URTI ) is an acute respiratory infection that attacks human with the most number of infection are infants. Family has a function as a family health care that can be seen by five tasks of family health, the role of family is very needed for the prevention to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in toddlers, especially in cases of URTI. This study were aimed to analyze the relationship between implementation of family health tasks with URTI incidence in toddlers patients. Method: This study used correlation descriptive design. The samples were 147 families who have toddlers had experienced URTI and have been visit Puskesmas Martapura during November 2013. The variables are family health tasks and incindents of URTI in toddlers.Samples were taken by consecutive sampling that appropiate with inclusion and exclusion criterias. The data were analyzed by Spearman's rho with significance level (p) ≤ 0.05. Result: The result showed that family health task and incindents of URTI in toddlers did have negative significance correlation (r) = -0,387 and (p) = 0,01. Discussion: Implementation of family health tasks had a weak correlation with URTI incidence in toddlers patients. It is recommended to the stake holder of URTI disease in Puskesmas Martapura to continue give a socialization about URTI definition, sign and symptom, and right treatment especially for toddler with URTI disease. It is necessary futher research to analyze the correlation between toddler characteristics with insindece of URTI.

Introduction: Diphtheria is an infectious disease that is easily transmitted and dangerous because it can lead to death . Community participation in prevention is to improve their behavior that is able to recognize early symptoms , immediately take their child to a health facility if diphtheria is suspected , immediately equip their children immunized . Activities in the field of preventive health care in the form of counseling and education is a key priority to reduce the incidence of diphtheria . The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of health education media short film of the knowledge , attitudes , and practices of mothers about early detection of cases of diphtheria children in Sub Ivory Surabaya Method: Design research is the study researchers used a pre - experiment . In this study, researchers used a simple random sampling technique performed on 54 mothers who have children who have received a complete DPT immunization in urban areas Ivory . Independenden variable is health education lecture method with the short film medium and the dependent variable is the knowledge , attitude , practice . Data collection using questionnaires and observation sheets . Data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic test ɑ < 0.05. Result: Based on the results of the study showed that health education lecture short film media affect knowledge significantly ( p = 0.000 ) , but it also contained a significant improvement on the attitude of the mother ( p = 0.000 ) , and practice of mothers about early detection of diphtheria also increased significantly ( p = 0.000). Discussion: Media short film may affect the knowledge , attitudes and practices so that the short film medium can be used as an alternative method of education . The need for the development of health education methods to increase the effectiveness of behavior change

Introduction: Post restraint is a person who is free from restraint. This study aims to describe about family experience in taking care of client mental disorders post restraint. The biggest problem in the family who has experience taking care of client mental disorders post restraint, among others, always assisting client in their daily activities and ensuring client are already taking the drugs. Method: This study used phenomenology design with six partisipan using indepth interview. The participant of this study was a member family caring for client mental disorders post restraint. This study employs the purposive sampling method Result: After his release restraint , clients of mental disorders has also increased compared to when the restraint. Despite progress, the family still observe physical development , provide activities to ODGJ , and bring to healthcare. Families experiencing barriers for taking care of client mental disorders post restraint and some are not experiencing barriers. During the care of the clients , the family hopes a change in the client's health status and health change. The family also supports so that clients with mental disorders speedy recovery. Discussion: Family experience in taking care of client mental disorders post restraint are grateful that after restraint off the client state is getting better. The family also regularly check the client to the health worker. In addition, families will no longer restraint clients such mental disorders. Family need an intervention for strengthen coping mechanisms for dealing with various problems in caring for clients with mental disorders after restraint. These activities can be realized through the provision of counseling services and health workers always control the family as well as the client. Key words: Family Experience, Mental Disorders

Introduction: Role of caregiver in the day care is really important in every aspect of children development, especially language development. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between role of caregiver in giving stimulation and language development toddler in 3 day care in Surabaya. Methods: This study was using cross-sectional study. The population were children and caregivers in day care with purposive sampling. 16 caregivers and 33 children as respondents, taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dependent variable was role of cargiver in giving stimulation. The independent variable was the toddler language development. Data collection for caregivers stimulation through observation sheets and for language development children through Denver II, and were analyzed by using non-parametric correlation analysis (Spearman rho) with significance value α=0.05. Result: The result showed that caregiver in giving stimulation has correlate with language development toddler (p-value = 0.002, r = 0.0510). Discussion: It can be concluded that correlation between role of cargiver in giving stimulation with language development toddler was significant and has strong enough correlation. Further research need to identify more factors such as genetic factor and the other aspects of environmental factor. Keywords: language development, stimulation, children day care center, caregiver, toddler

Introduction: A child who is diagnosed with Leukemia will undergo several procedures are long and painful action. During the process of hospitalization due to leukemia children and parents can experience a variety of events or actions handling according to various studies shown by the experience very traumatic and stressful (Supartini 2004 in Arif, SY, 2007). Some of the methods used to deal with anxiety is psikoprofilaksis, relaxation and imagination (Reeder et al., 2011). Rational-emotive behavior therapy by Albert Ellis in 1990 describes a unique man who is basically have a tendency to think rational and irrational. Methods: aim of this study is to explain the effect of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) for stress levels of mothers with children suffering from Leukemia. The study design used was a pre-experiment Quasy-post control group design. The sample was 10 mothers of children diagnosed with leukemia are treated in a child hematology ward Soetomo hospital. Variable in this study is the level of depression and anxiety mothers with children suffering from leukemia. Result: Based on the results obtained Wilcoxon statistical test p = 0.025 in the treatment group and p = 0.32 in the control group. Mann Whitney test results obtained p = 0.012. Conclution: Rational-emotive behavior therapy can reduce levels of depression and anxiety (stress) mothers with children suffering from leukemia. It is expected that the application of rational -emotive behavior therapy can be done to reduce depression and anxiety in women with chronic disease cases while maintaining the effectiveness the goal of REBT. Keywords: stress, anxiety, depression, rational-emotive behavior

Introduction: Cancer is a chronic disease that affects physical, psychological, social, and economic life of individual and then contributes to life quality. Psychotherapy is important in improving the life quality of cancer patients. One of psychotherapy that can be given is the implementation of ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). The aim of this study is to analyze the application of ACT in improving the life quality of cancer patients at the Puskesmas Pacarkeling Surabaya. Method: This research method used pre-experimental with one group pre-post test design. The population of cancer patients enrolled in the Puskesmas Pacar Keling. Samples were 12 people whom are determined based on the inclusion criteria. The Independent variable is application of ACT and the dependent variable is life quality. Data collection and implementation of ACT were conducted in puskemas and home visits. The collected data was analyzed by Paired T test with significance level α=0.05. Result: Result showed that there was change in increasing life quality of cancer patients significantly after giving implementation of the ACT. The result of Paired t-test showed the life quality of patients had a significance level of p=0.000. These result demonstrate the value of p

Toilet training is training or stages of child development to be able to control bowel movements or urination achieved through organ system maturity and learning involving critical elements such as muscles, nerves, and brain. And enkopresis enuresis occurs because the child does not want to go through toilet training, and purpose of the research was to analyzed the influence of peer group support as a parents knowledge about toilet training in pre-school children. This research was a pre-experimental pre-post test design with purposive sampling a sample who did a pre-school child at the school play group Al-Anshor Medaeng Waru Sidoarjo. The population in this research was the total number of parents with pre-school age children are in school at Al-Anshor Play Group Medaeng Waru Sidoarjo. Sampling with purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 30 people. Analysis of the statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed rank test to answer the problems examined. The analysis uses statistical tests Wilcoxon signed rank test to answer the problem under study. The results of research found the influence of peer group support to parents' knowledge level is p = 0.000, its probability is smaller than the value of α = 0.05. Terms this means that the peer group support can upgrade the knowledge of parents about toilet training in pre-school children. Within support this peer group, individuals find ways to do and function of a toilet training so that the level of parental knowledge about toilet training be increased. Based on the analysis of data it ca

Malnutritioan is a condition of chronic lack of nutrition. Malnutrition is a major health problem faced in many developing countries. The Lack of nutrition in children can be caused by the attitude or behavior of the mother which is the factor in the selection of improper feeding. The food selections, adequate availability of the food and food diversities influenced by the mother’s level of knowledge about meals and nutritions.The objective of this research was to perceived relation between predisposing factors adn reinforcing factors that related to mother’s action in giving nutrition to children with malnutrition. This research used cross sectional design. The population was 22 mothers which has a children between 1-3 years old with malnutrition. Data were collected by using a questionnaire an interview with the respondents. Data were the anakyzed using spearmen’s rho test with level of significance of