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Introduction: The imbalance of external and internal forces acting on the lower eyelid can result in entropion and ectropion, both of which cause ocular irritation and loss of proper eye protection. Potential complications of untreated cases include recurrent inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, conjunctival neovascularization, corneal abrasion or perforation, and ultimately even loss of vision. Although various surgical techniques are used to address this problem, their long-term outcome and effectiveness are still under discussion. Aim: To evaluate outcomes of surgery for entropion and ectropion, including a modified Wheeler's method for entropion correction. Methods: A non-comparative study (prospective and retrospective groups) included 100 patients operated on in two university hospitals' plastic surgery departments for lower eyelid entropion or ectropion, following formal ethics approval. The prospective group included 50 patients assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The retrospective group was comprised of 50 patients (2012-2018), whose preoperative documentation and clinical examinations were analyzed. The main outcome measures were change between pre- and postoperative patient-reported symptoms (VAS scale), ectropion/entropion grading scale (EGS/EnGS), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and occurrence of complications. Results: The differences in the severity of all symptoms before and after surgery evaluated with the VAS scale were statistically significant in both groups (p <0.05). We observed 6 recurrences (12%) in the prospective group and 9 (18%) in the retrospective group, with minor complications. Very good functional and esthetic postoperative results were confirmed in 70% (79) of the whole group and in 13 patients (81.3%) treated with the modified Wheeler's method. In the prospective group, the Mann--Whitney U test for dependent variables revealed significant improvement in the somatic, psychological, and environmental domains, with no significant change in the social relationships domain. Conclusions: The results following entropion/ectropion surgery prove the effectiveness of the methods used. Complementing them with the modified Wheeler's method brought an increase in the number of very good outcomes. Surgery of lower eyelid malposition contributed to reduced symptoms and improved quality of life. The rates of postoperative sequelae were low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine whether the rate of slimming following bariatric surgery depends on the sex, type of bariatric surgery, time elapsed since surgery or body weight components. Materials and methods: The material is comprised of the results of three series of anthropometric measurements in 91 obese patients (before bariatric surgery, about 3 months after bariatric surgery and about 6 months afterwards). The inclusion criteria were patients of Polish origin admitted to the hospital from July 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019 for surgical treatment of obesity and written consent for the surgery and participation in the study. The measurements included body weight components assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: The reduction of all features was greater after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (GB) (p<0.0001), greater in the first quarter (3 months after bariatric surgery) than in the second quarter (6 months after bariatric surgery) (p<0.0001), and higher for fat mass than for other body weight components (p<0.0001). The sex of the patients, type of bariatric surgery, time elapsed since the operation, and type of body weight component constituted interactive modifiers of the rate of reduction. Conclusion: After bariatric surgery, the reduction of fat mass was quicker in men than in women. SG and RYGB lead to a greater reduction of fat mass than GB. Among all three analyzed procedures, only for SG did the rate of body weight component reduction not decrease in the second quarter after surgery. This finding should be taken into account when creating an algorithm for treating a patient after bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT Objectives Material and Methods Results Conclusions Second to fourth digit ratio is widely known indicator of prenatal sex hormones proportion. Higher prenatal androgenization results in longer fourth finger and lower 2D:4D index. The aim of this study was to determine whether the 2D:4D digit ratio is associated with DNA methylation (DNAm) age dependently on sex.The study included 182 adults (106 females and 76 males) with a mean age of 51.5 ± 13 years. The investigation consisted of three main parts: a survey, anthropometric dimensions measurements (fingers length) and methylome analysis using collected blood samples. Genome‐wide methylation was analyzed using EPIC microarray technology. Epigenetic age and epigenetic age acceleration were calculated using several widely applied algorithms.Males with the female left hand pattern had more accelerated epigenetic age than those with the male pattern as calculated with PhenoAge and DNAmTL clocks.Finger female pattern 2D:4D above or equal to 1 in males is associated with epigenetic age acceleration, indicating that prenatal exposure to estrogens in males may be related to aging process in the later ontogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Obesity, as one of the main health problems worldwide, is associated with an increased risk of developing mental and eating disorders and negative eating habits. Bariatric surgery allows for rapid weight loss and alleviates the symptoms of concomitant diseases in obese patients.&lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; Pre- and postoperative estimation of mental disorders and eating behaviors in patients after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB).&lt;b&gt;Material and methods:&lt;/b&gt; Analysis of data from up to 5 years of follow-up including clinical examination and questionnaires.&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Following parameters decreased after RYGB: anxiety and hyperactivity from 32.81% to 21.88%, mood disorders - 31.25% to 20.31%, substance abuse - 40.63% to 28.13%, emotional eating - 76.56% to 29.69%, binge eating - 50% to 6.25%, night eating - 87.5% to 20.31%. Postoperative rates of: negative eating habits, daily intake of calories and sweetened beverages, flatulence, constipation, and abdominal pain decreased, while the rate of food intolerance and emesis increased.&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; In our patients, the occurrence of: mental and eating disorders, negative eating habits, daily calories, sweetened beverages, coffee intake decreased after weight loss (as a result of RYGB), but water, vegetables and fruit consumption increased. Lower rate of flatulence, constipation, and abdominal pain, but higher of food intolerance and emesis were also confirmed after RYGB.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; The imbalance of external and internal forces acting on the lower eyelid can result in entropion and ectropion, both of which cause ocular irritation and loss of proper eye protection. Potential complications of untreated cases include recurrent inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, conjunctival neovascularization, corneal abrasion or perforation, and ultimately even loss of vision. Although various surgical techniques are used to address this problem, their long-term outcome and effectiveness are still under discussion. &lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate outcomes of surgery for entropion and ectropion, including a modified Wheeler's method for entropion correction.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A non-comparative study (prospective and retrospective groups) included 100 patients operated on in two university hospitals' plastic surgery departments for lower eyelid entropion or ectropion, following formal ethics approval. The prospective group included 50 patients assessed preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The retrospective group was comprised of 50 patients (2012-2018), whose preoperative documentation and clinical examinations were analyzed. The main outcome measures were change between pre- and postoperative patient-reported symptoms (VAS scale), ectropion/entropion grading scale (EGS/EnGS), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and occurrence of complications.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The differences in the severity of all symptoms before and after surgery evaluated with the VAS scale were statistically significant in both groups (p &lt;0.05). We observed 6 recurrences (12%) in the prospective group and 9 (18%) in the retrospective group, with minor complications. Very good functional and esthetic postoperative results were confirmed in 70% (79) of the whole group and in 13 patients (81.3%) treated with the modified Wheeler's method. In the prospective group, the Mann- Whitney U test for dependent variables revealed significant improvement in the somatic, psychological, and environmental domains, with no significant change in the social relationships domain.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The results following entropion/ectropion surgery prove the effectiveness of the methods used. Complementing them with the modified Wheeler's method brought an increase in the number of very good outcomes. Surgery of lower eyelid malposition contributed to reduced symptoms and improved quality of life. The rates of postoperative sequelae were low.&lt;/br&gt.

&lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; To determine whether the rate of slimming following bariatric surgery depends on the sex, type of bariatric surgery, time elapsed since surgery or body weight components.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Materials and methods:&lt;/b&gt; The material is comprised of the results of three series of anthropometric measurements in 91 obese patients (before bariatric surgery, about 3 months after bariatric surgery and about 6 months afterwards). The inclusion criteria were patients of Polish origin admitted to the hospital from July 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019 for surgical treatment of obesity and written consent for the surgery and participation in the study. The measurements included body weight components assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The reduction of all features was greater after SG than GB (p&lt;0.0001), greater in the first quartile than in the second quartile after surgery (p&lt;0.0001), and higher for fat mass than for other body weight components (p&lt;0.0001). The sex of the patients, type of bariatric surgery, time elapsed since the operation, and type of body weight component constituted interactive modifiers of the rate of reduction.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; After bariatric surgery, the reduction of fat mass was quicker in men than in women. SG and RYGB lead to a greater reduction of fat mass than GB. Among all three analyzed procedures, only for SG did the rate of body weight component reduction not decrease in the second quartile after surgery. This finding should be taken into account when creating an algorithm for treating a patient after bariatric surgery&lt;/br&gt.

Introduction: Cancers of the auricle and the external auditory canal (EAC) remain a relevant oncological problem., Aim: Presentation of the results after resections of conchal bowl and EAC carcinoma (with or without radical mastoid surgery) and after reconstructions (postauricular island flap - PIF)., Material and Methods: We analysed results of 37 patients with cancers of the auricular conchal bowl and EAC after tumour resection and reconstruction (2000-2017)., Results: The cancers were completely excised in all patients, with no recurrences within at least 5 years after surgery. We noted venous congestion in 22 (59.4%) cases, pinning of the operated ear in 18 (48.6%), prominent earlobe in 14 (37.8%), and EAC constriction in 6 (16.2%) cases treated without radical mastoid surgery., Conclusions: Retroauricular approach in cancer of the auricular concha and EAC allowed for accurate evaluation of the tumour extent and proper surgical access, which facilitated complete removal of the tumour. Use of radical mastoid operation with conchal bowl resection and PIF reconstruction in patients with aquamous cell carcinoma or infiltrating basal cell carcinoma of auricular concha and osseous EAC resulted in cancer extirpation and good aesthetic outcomes, despite minor functional consequences. In these cancers mastoidectomy offered a wider access to determine the radicality of oncological resection., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) occurs in aggressive and non-aggressive forms. The expression of immunohistochemical markers varies in different types of BCC., Aim: Immunohistochemical analysis of selected proteins in BCCs., Material and Methods: The immunohistochemical method was used to examine the immunoexpression of Bmi-1, CK15 and Bcl-2 in 56 cases of BCC divided into four groups., Results: Positive Bmi-1 staining 3-4+ level (nodular type) was seen in 91.3% of samples, 4+ (infiltrative) in 92.3%, 4+ (nodular/infiltrative) - 69.2%, 3+ - 30.8%, in BSC 3+ - 42.8%, and 28.6% each for 2+ and 4+. Low grade positivity (0-1+) in CK15 staining was present in 52.1% of nodular BCC, 46.2% - nodular/infiltrative, 92.3% - infiltrative, and 100% - BSC, but levels 2-3+ in nodular BCC in 47.8%, nodular/infiltrative BCC - 53.8%, infiltrative - 7.7%. Bcl-2 positivity (3-4+) was revealed in nodular BCC in 95.6%, (1-2+) in 100% of BSC, infiltrative and infiltrative/nodular BCC, but the lowest (0-1+) in 76.9% of nodular/infiltrative BCC, 71.4% of BSC, and in 38.4% of infiltrative BCC., Conclusions: Positive Bmi-1 staining was the highest in the aggressive infiltrative subtype of BCCs, whereas the lowest in basosquamous cell carcinomas (BSC). Infiltrative BCC was characterized by a lower level of CK15 expression than nodular BCC and nodular/infiltrative BCC. Differentiation of Bcl-2 expression depended on the type of tumour; the highest level was found in nodular BCC, low grade in nodular/infiltrative and infiltrative BCCs, and BSC., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Purpose: 1. Evaluation of results after one-time incisional hernia repair (IHR) modo on-lay and abdominoplasty (Ab-pl) in patients after loss of weight following previous Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass – RYGB. 2. Analysis of differences in quality of life (QL) changes in bariatric patients before RYGB, as well as before and after abdominal contouring operation.tion., Material and Methods: Clinical analysis involved 20 patients with abdominal disfigurement (following RYGB, and massive weight loss) who underwent one-time IHR using on-lay method together with abdominoplasty. We estimated postoperative results, as well as changes in QL, before RYGB and before and after abdominal contouring procedure (based on DAS 24 and SF-36 scales) in comparison with stage before surgeries., Results: Complications - abnormal wound healing (infection, local necrosis) and pneumonia were found in two persons, seroma in two cases, whereas dysesthesia in four patients. We confirmed QL improvement in all aspects after each stage of treatment., Conclusions: 1. One-stage on-lay hernia repair and abdominoplasty is a safe method improving the functioning of patients. 2. All stages of bariatric treatment resulted in gradual improvement of the quality of life. 3. High BMI in patients before onlay incisional hernia repair with abdominoplasty increases the risk of complications, which is connected with longer hospital stay.

The aim of the study was to present our experience with the postauricular island flap (pif) and clinical evaluation of the results following auricular conchal bowl reconstructions with the pif in patients after carcinoma resections., Material and Methods: We analyzed results in 13 patients who underwent auricular conchal bowl reconstructions with pif following malignant tumor resection between 2000-2013. The patients were followed-up. We estimated early and long-term results after surgery including plastic surgeon's and patient's opinion., Results: The malignancies were completely excised in all patients, and there were no recurrences within 2 years of follow-up. Observed complications of conchal bowl reconstructions were venous congestion in two cases (15.3 %), and pinning of the operated ear in two patients (15.3%). Postoperative result was very good in 11 cases (both in the opinion of plastic surgeon and patients), whereas in two patients with pinning of the operated ear was satisfied., Conclusions: 1. Postauricular island flap reconstructions after auricular conchal bowl resections allowed for complete removal of malignant tumors with no evidence of recurrence, and also preserved proper conchal shape in the reconstructed ear. 2. Reconstructions of auricular conchal bowl with the postauricular island flap resulted in very good postoperative results, which confirms the efficiency of the applied technique. 3. Reconstructive surgery with postauricular island flap of individuals with partial auricular conchal bowl defects contributed to postoperative satisfaction in both patients and doctors' estimations.

The aim of the study was to analyse the correlation between satisfaction with life in women after mastectomy and motivation to undergo breast reconstruction, compared to women who after breast amputation did not decide to undergo reconstructive treatment., Material and Methods: Comparative analysis comprised patients after mastectomy, who decided on breast reconstruction (40) and those who did not undergo reconstructive surgery (40). The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Lodz and Department of Oncological surgery and Breast Diseases ICZMP, Łódź, between 2013-2015. In the study the question whether higher satisfaction with life prompts decision on breast reconstruction was investigated. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used, as well as an original questionnaire. The correlations between statistical parameters were evaluated using the chi-square test., Results: We have demonstrated differences between the level of satisfaction with life in patients who decided to undergo breast reconstruction and those who did not choose reconstructive surgery. The discrepancies may reflect differences in the system of values and level of satisfaction with life before reconstructive treatment and also point to potential effect of these factors on the decision to undergo surgery., Conclusions: 1. Differences in cognitive structures between 'Amazons' determine the decision on reconstructive treatment. 2. Transfer of information between the therapeutic team and women after mastectomy is not satisfactory. 3. Higher level of satisfaction with life has a positive effect on the decision of breast reconstruction.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was evaluation of the correlation between selected personality traits in women after mastectomy and their decision on breast reconstruction., Material and Methods: The study was conducted between 2013‑2015, in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, and Department of Oncological and Breast Surgery, CZMP. Comparative analysis comprised 40 patients, in whom mastectomy and breast reconstruction was done, and 40 women after breast amputation, who did not undergo reconstructive surgery. Basing on self-constructed questionnaire, five features of personality were evaluated in these women: pursue of success in life, ability to motivate others, openness to other people, impact of belonging to a social group on sense of security and the importance of opinion of others about the respondent. Apart from the questionnaire, in both groups of women a psychologic tool was used (SUPIN S30 and C30 tests) to determine the intensity of positive and negative emotions., Results: Women who did not choose the reconstructive option were statistically significantly older at mastectomy than women who underwent breast reconstruction. There were statistically significant differences between both groups in response to question on being open to other people and value of other people's opinion. The differences in responses to question on the impact of belonging to a social group on personal sense of safety were hardly statistically significant. In psychometric studies there were significant differences in responses to SUPIN C30 test for negative emotions and S-30 for positive emotions. The level of negative emotions - feature of group A was in 47.5% in the range of high scores and in 47.5% within low and low-average scores. Among women from group B 57.5% had high scores, while 37.5% low and average scores. There were significant differences in the results of positive emotions evaluation in S-30. Women who did not undergo breast reconstruction usually had high scores, while those who decided on reconstructive surgery usually had low scores and low-high scores., Conclusions: 1. The decision on breast reconstruction after mastectomy is connected with personality features of patients. Introvert women, who base their self-opinion on opinion of others and their sense of security on belonging to a social group, rarely choose to undergo breast reconstruction. 2. Younger patients after mastectomy more frequently choose the breast reconstructive option. 3. A special algorithm of medical and psychological care in patients after mastectomy should be created to improve their further quality of life.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was evaluation of long-term results after simultaneous incisional hernia repair and abdominoplasty in patients following RYGB (Roux-en-Y Gastric By-pass) and estimation of quality of life before and after this complex operation., Material and Methods: We analyzed long-term results in 18 patients who underwent complex anterior abdominal wall surgery after massive weight loss, following previous RYGB. The patients were followed-up for at least 8 years. We compared the quality of life before and after hernia repair combined with abdominoplasty., Results: Observed wide postoperative scar in 4 persons, permanent dysesthesia in one, and flaccidity of the anterior abdominal wall in three cases. Estimation of the quality of life revealed significant improvement in functional, aesthetic and psychological aspects after complex surgery., Conclusions: 1. Simultaneous incisional hernia repair and abdominoplasty resulted in satisfactory long-term postoperative results, which confirms the efficiency of complex anterior abdominal wall surgery in patients following RYGB after massive weight loss. 2. Surgery in patients afflicted with disfigurements of the anterior abdominal wall contributed to significant improvement in their life quality in functional, aesthetic and psychological aspects, as compared with preoperative estimations. 3. All persons confirmed positive influence of abdominal wall surgery on their possibility to take challenges in life, and fulfill plans. 4. Surgery of the anterior abdominal wall deformities, if needed after massive weight loss, should become an integral part of complex multidisciplinary treatment in postbariatric individuals.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of congenital blepharoptosis (CBP) using Mustarde's modified method., Material and Methods: Between 2005-2014 forty eight children with CBP underwent surgical correction of CBP by Mustarde's modified method. Basing on the results of ophthalmic and orthoptic examination, and standard measurements, we estimated postoperative difference in the position and symmetry of the upper eyelids, and postoperative complications in our patients., Results: Very good results were obtained in all cases with mild, in 89.5% with moderate, and in 85.7% with severe unilateral CBP after correction by Mustarde's modified method. Lagophthalmos was seen in 6.25%, and undercorrection in 12.5% of cases., Conclusions: 1. Mustarde's modified method allows for obtaining very good functional and aesthetic results in CBP patients. 2. Mustarde's modified method is a valuable supplemental surgical technique in CBP, and contributes to a low rate and small range of lagophthalmos.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the eyelids and surrounding structures, usually developing in the area of the lower lid and medial canthus. Invasive forms of BCC are connected with a high risk of recurrence, often due to incomplete excision of these lesions., Aim: Clinical and pathological analysis of recurrent BCCs of the eyelids and surrounding structures., Material and Methods: We present clinical and pathological analysis including immunohistochemical reaction to Ki-67 antigen of 19 patients (11 women, 8 men) operated for recurrent BCCs of the eyelids in 2000-2012., Results: In most cases, recurrences were present on the lower lid and in the medial canthus. In 15 patients the histopathological type did not change and in 4 cases it transformed into more invasive forms. The values of Ki-67 index for primary BCCs ranged between 1% and 20%, and for relapsing lesions between 11% and 48%., Conclusions: Proper clinical and pathological evaluation to determine the risk of relapse in BCCs of the eyelids and surrounding structures should include the analysis of prognostic factors, in particular location and size, histopathological type and radicalness of surgical treatment of primary BCCs. Clinical and pathological analysis of patients with recurrent BCC of the eyelids and surrounding structures should be combined with the evaluation of proliferation index Ki-67, which is essential for prognosis and choice of the appropriate therapeutic method.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to present our experience with post-auricular tube flap (ptf) and clinical evaluation of the results following auricular helical rim reconstruction with this technique in patients after trauma., Material and Methods: We analyzed the results in 12 patients who underwent three-staged auricular helical rim reconstruction with ptf following trauma in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery between 2005-2014. The patients were followed-up for at least 1 year. We evaluated early and long-term results after surgery including plastic surgeon's and patient's opinion., Results: Postoperative results were satisfactory (very good) in 10 cases, both in the opinion of the plastic surgeon and patients. Transient venous congestion of the helix occurred in two cases (16.6%). This complication did not have any influence on estimation of the results after surgery. Delayed wound healing in the poles of the reconstructed helical edge, as well as non-aesthetic helical scars with imperfections of helical rim, were seen in another two patients (16.6%)., Conclusions: 1. Post-auricular tube flap reconstructions after helical rim trauma allowed for complete restoration of contour, size and orientation of the helix and the whole operated ear, which confirms the efficiency of the applied technique. 2. Reconstructive surgery with post-auricular tube flap in patients with auricular helical rim defects contributed to postoperative satisfaction in both patients and doctors' estimations.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was clinical evaluation of the results following reconstruction with the Indian flap in patients with partial nasal defects, and estimation of their postoperative life quality in functional and aesthetic aspects., Material and Methods: We analyzed results in 38 patients who underwent reconstructions with the Indian flap in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery between years 2000‑2013. The patients were followed-up for at least 2 years. We estimated their life quality in aesthetic and functional aspects after surgery., Results: Observed complications of nasal reconstruction were alar asymmetry in 6 patients (15.8%), nasal obstruction in 6 persons (15.8%), wide postoperative scar in 4 (10.5%), and non-aesthetic appearance of the donor site in two cases (5.3%). Estimation of life quality post surgery in the examined group of patients revealed significant postoperative improvement in both functional and aesthetic aspects., Conclusions: 1. Reconstructions of nasal defects with the Indian flap resulted in satisfactory longterm postoperative results, which confirms the efficiency of the applied technique. 2. Reconstructive surgery with Indian flap of individuals with partial nasal defects contributed to significant postoperative improvement in both functional and aesthetic aspects and their life quality.

Dehiscence of a median sternotomy wound is a potentially devastating and life-threatening complication of cardiac procedures.Depending on the localization, extensiveness, and profoundness of the defect a variety of muscle flaps may be used to cover the frontal mediastinum, in particular: pectoralis major, rectus abdominisor latissimus dorsi. In spite of several options for restoration of sternal integrity we cannot avoid following serious local complications increasing patients morbidity. The aim of this paper is to report a method of sternal dehiscence management. Surgical technique and its results are presented on the example of two patients treated in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University in Łódź because of sternal dehiscence after cardiovascular procedure with sternotomy. Our experience indicates that modified bilateral pectoralis major flap seems to be effective surgical method of sternal dehiscence treatment. Also it is worth to remember that surgical procedure in this complication should be performed as soon as possible to decrease patient's disability and to avoid following complications.

Unlabelled: Eyelid tumors constitute 5 to 10% of all skin malignancies. They mostly affect the elderly, chronically exposed to sunlight. The primary treatment is radical surgical excision of the tumor. The aim of this study was the clinical and microscopical analysis of malignant eyelid tumors in treated patients, the presentation of selected reconstructive methods and the evaluation of long-term results of surgical treatment of eyelid tumors., Material and Methods: The study involved 92 patients treated in 2000-2007 for malignant tumors of the eyelids. All patients underwent surgical excision of the tumor with concurrent eyelid reconstruction. The choice of reconstructive method depended on the size and location of the tumor. Histopathological evaluation was carried out specifying the type of cancer and radical surgery. The long-term results were rated on the basis of medical records and patients' examinations., Results: Tumors were located mostly within the lower eyelid 67 (70.5%) and the medial canthus 17 (17.9%). Basal cell carcinoma was found in 83 (87.3%) cases, while in 12 (12.7%) diagnosed with other, less common cancers. Histopathological verification of tumor margins revealed incomplete excision in 14 specimens (14.7%). Reoperations due to recurrent tumor was performed in 11 (15.6%) cases. Good long-term results of functionally-aesthetic reconstruction of the eyelids was observed in 84 (91.3%) patients., Conclusions: 1. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the oculopalpebral region and originate mainly in the lower eyelid. 2. Significantly higher risk of recurrence exists in a more aggressive form of BCC (infiltrative basal-cell carcinoma) and tumors located in medial canthus. 3. The knowledge of multiple reconstruction methods allows the surgeon to choose the most appropriate one, depending on the size and location of the defect formed after excision of the tumor.

Introduction: Nose as the most projected face structure focuses the biggest people's attention. Nasal localization causes that even its small deformities are visible and subjected to different opinions. Rhinoplasty is one of the most common procedures in plastic surgery and at the same time one of the most difficult operation in facial surgery. The aim of this research is to analyze the long-term aesthetic results of rhinoplasty in congenital nose deformities in evaluation performed by surgeon and patient., Material and Method: The study was carried out in the group of 50 patients operated on in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery due to congenital nose deformity. The group consisted of 38 women and 12 men, aged from 27 to 56 years. Long-term aesthetic results' evaluation was performed on the basis of clinical examination done by doctor and questionnaire filled in by patients and surgeon., Results: Evaluation of long-term results after aesthetic rhinoplasty in patients' opinion qualified the effects as very good in 70%. In surgeon's opinion such a result was obtained in 62% of patients. Satisfactory result of performed operation was marked by 92% of patients while surgeon qualified results as a satisfactory in the group of 88%. Reoperation was considered by 12% of patients and doctor such a necessity reflected in 10%., Conclusions: Satisfactory results of rhinoplasty in congenital nose deformities are possible to obtain while taking the degree and type of deformity into consideration and choosing proper surgical method. Surgical procedures in congenital nose deformities give good aesthetic results in patients' and as well as surgeon's opinions. Doctor evaluates surgical results in more critical way., (Copyright © 2012 Polish Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Society. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z.o.o. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Protruding ears are the most common congenital deformity of external ear. Defect usually occurs bilaterally and it may be asymmetric. Popular term for prominent ears concur to psychological problems, especially for children. The optimal time for prominent ears correction fells between 10-14-years-old. There is a lot of techniques for surgical treatment of patients with prominent ears., Aim: Clinical evaluation of postoperative results in patients afflicted with prominent ears., Material and Methods: A retrospective review of 61 females and 15 males aged from 11 to 39, who underwent surgical corrections of protruding ears by Mustarde method. At the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, between 2005-2010 was conducted. We estimated early and distant postoperative results in studied group., Results: Aesthetic results of surgery were good and very good in patients (97.4%). Postoperatively wound bleeding was observed in 2 cases (2.6%) and in 1 case (1.3%) wound infection occurred. Long-lasting complications like keloids occurred in 2 patients (2.6%)., Conclusions: 1. Surgical correction of protruding ears does not burden with any significant complications. 2. Surgery treatment by Mustarde method gives satisfactory aesthetic results. 3. We confirmed favourable influence of corrected ears on patent's mental status. 4. Severity of protruding ears, coexisting anomaly of external ears together with age of the patient determine individual surgical treatment., (Copyright © 2012 Polish Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Society. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z.o.o. All rights reserved.)