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1. Secondary metabolites of Seseli rigidum: Chemical composition plus antioxidant, antimicrobial and cholinesterase inhibition activity

Author: Stankov-Jovanović, V.P., Ilić, M.D., Mitić, V.D., Mihajilov-Krstev, T.M., Simonović, S.R., Nikolić Mandić, S.D., Tabet, J.C., and Cole, R.B.
Published: 2015
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2. The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

Author: Reiner, R.C., Welgan, C.A., Troeger, C.E., Baumann, M.M., Weiss, D.J., Deshpande, A., Blacker, B.F., Miller-Petrie, M.K., Earl, L., Bhatt, S., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Aghaali, M., Aji, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, S., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A.T., Amini, S., Amugsi, D.A., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C.L., Ansari, F., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Aremu, O., Atout, M.M.W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Azene, Z.N., Badawi, A., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Bedi, N., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bijani, A., Birhanu, T.T.M., Bitew, Z.W., Boloor, A., Brady, O.J., Butt, Z.A., Car, J., Carvalho, F., Casey, D.C., Chattu, V.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Chu, D.-., Coelho, C.H., Cook, A.J., Damiani, G., Daoud, F., Gela, J.D., Darwish, A.H., Daryani, A., Das, J.K., Davis Weaver, N., Deribe, K., Desalew, A., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Dubljanin, E., Duko, B., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., Effiong, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Enany, S., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V.L., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Frostad, J.J., Fukumoto, T., Gaidhane, A.M., Gebrekrstos, H.G.G.K., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A.A., Gething, P.W., Gezae, K.E., Ghadiri, K., Ghashghaee, A., Golechha, M., Gubari, M.I.M., Hadgu, F.B., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Hashi, A., Hassan, S., Hayat, K., Herteliu, C., H. C., H., Holla, R., Hosseinzadeh, M., Househ, M., Hussain, R., Hwang, B.-., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Irvani, S.S.N., Jaafari, J., Javaheri, T., Jha, R.P., Johnson, K.B., Jonas, J.B., Jozwiak, J.J., Kabir, A., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Kayode, G.A., Keiyoro, P.N., Khader, Y.S., Khalil, I.A., Khan, M.N., Khan, M., Khan, G., Khatab, K., Khater, M.M., Khatib, M.N., Kianipour, N., Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Kissoon, N., Kochhar, S., Koolivand, A., Kopec, J.A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kumar, P., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Lal, D.K., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Lansingh, V.C., Lasrado, S., La Vecchia, C., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Lee, P.H., Legrand, K.E., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Lim, S.S., Lindstedt, P.A., Liu, X., Longbottom, J., Lopez, A.D., Magdy Abd El Razek, H., Mahasha, P.W., Maleki, A., Mamun, A.A., Mansournia, M.A., Marczak, L.B., Martins-Melo, F.R., Mayala, B.K., Meharie, B.G., Melese, A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Mensah, G.A., Meretoja, T.J., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T.R., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Moazen, B., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadi, S., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mosser, J.F., Murray, C.J.L., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, Q.A.P., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nnaji, C.A., Noubiap, J.J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omer, M.O., Onwujekwe, O.E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., P A, M., Padubidri, J.R., Pana, A., Peprah, E.K., Pham, H.Q., Pigott, D.M., Pirestani, M., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Quazi Syed, Z., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M.H.U., Rao, S.J., Rao, P.C., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Regassa, L.D., Renzaho, A.M.N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M.S., Ribeiro, A.I., Rickard, J., Rios-Gonzalez, C.M., Rumisha, S.F., Sabour, S., Sajadi, S.M., Salomon, J.A., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Sartorius, B., Saxena, D., Schaeffer, L.E., Senthilkumaran, S., Sha, F., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Il Shin, J., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Smith, D.L., Soheili, A., Sokhan, A., Spurlock, E.E., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Sufiyan, M.B., Swartz, S.J., Tadesse, D.B., Tamiru, A.T., Tefera, Y.G., Temsah, M.-., Tessema, Z.T., Titova, M.V., Tran, B.X., Truong, P.N., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vasankari, T.J., Vasseghian, Y., Violante, F.S., G. T., V., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wassie, E.G., Welay, F.T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wiens, K.E., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C.S., Wondmeneh, T.G., Yamada, T., Yaya, S., Yeshitila, Y.G., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yu, C., Yuce, D., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, Z., Zamanian, M., Zangeneh, A., Zhang, Z.-., Zhang, Y., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Reiner, RC Jr, Welgan, CA, Troeger, CE, Baumann, MM, Duko, Bereket, Hay, Simon I, LBD Triple Collaborators, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Reiner, R, Welgan, C, Troeger, C, Baumann, M, Weiss, D, Deshpande, A, Blacker, B, Miller-Petrie, M, Earl, L, Bhatt, S, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Aghaali, M, Aji, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Anvari, D, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Ausloos, F, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azene, Z, Badawi, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Bedi, N, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Birhanu, T, Bitew, Z, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Butt, Z, Car, J, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D, Coelho, C, Cook, A, Damiani, G, Daoud, F, Gela, J, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Davis Weaver, N, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Effiong, A, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enany, S, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Frostad, J, Fukumoto, T, Gaidhane, A, Gebrekrstos, H, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, M, Hadgu, F, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, H, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Jaafari, J, Javaheri, T, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, M, Khan, G, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kissoon, N, Kochhar, S, Koolivand, A, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, P, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Lal, D, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, La Vecchia, C, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Legrand, K, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Lim, S, Lindstedt, P, Liu, X, Longbottom, J, Lopez, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Mahasha, P, Maleki, A, Mamun, A, Mansournia, M, Marczak, L, Martins-Melo, F, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirrakhimov, E, Moazen, B, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Murray, C, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Peprah, E, Pham, H, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Quazi Syed, Z, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rao, S, Rao, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, L, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rios-Gonzalez, C, Rumisha, S, Sabour, S, Sajadi, S, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sartorius, B, Saxena, D, Schaeffer, L, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Il Shin, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Smith, D, Soheili, A, Sokhan, A, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Sufiyan, M, Swartz, S, Tadesse, D, Tamiru, A, Tefera, Y, Temsah, M, Tessema, Z, Titova, M, Tran, B, Truong, P, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, F, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wassie, E, Welay, F, Wickramasinghe, N, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zamanian, M, Zangeneh, A, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, and Department of Oncology
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata, 3122 Cancers, malaria, General Physics and Astronomy, COVID-19, General Chemistry, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, infectious diseases, Sub-Saharian Africa, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, Children mortality, epidemiology, biogeography
Abstract: Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s). Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.
Published: 2022

3. Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018.

Author: Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S.B., Donkers K.M., Letourneau I.D., Collison M., Schipp M.F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adham D., Advani S.M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Aichour M.T.E., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alemu A., Alhassan R.K., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M.T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z.A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M.M., Ataro Z., Athari S.M., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Banik P.C., Baraki A.G., Barboza M.A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berhe A.K., Berhie K.A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S.H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S.N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Househ M., Huda T.M., Huluko D.H.H., Hussain S.A., Hwang B.-F., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M.A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jha R.P., John O., Johnson K.B., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kasahun G.G., Kassa Z.Y., Kassa G.G., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T.S., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D.B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M.N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khoja A.T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D.P., Lal D.K., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Laurens M.B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., LeGrand K.E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J.C.F., Machado D.B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Mahasha P.W., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Manzar M.D.D., Marrugo Arnedo C.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Maulik P.K., Mayala B.K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Meitei W.B., Mekonnen T., Meles G.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Metekiya W.M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Mini G.K., Mir S.A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H.M., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Mokdad A.H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G.B.B., Munir M., Muriithi M.K., Murthy G.V.S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Nagaraju S.P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Naqvi A.A., Nascimento B.R., Nayak S., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikpoor A.R., Nnaji C.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nyanhanda T., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., 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T.J., Sidemo N.B., Singh B.B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sobhiyeh M.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).
Published: 2022

4. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., Alinia, C., Yusefzadeh, H., Didarloo, A., Alizade, H., Nikpoor, A., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Leal, L.F., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Moradzadeh, R., Zamanian, M., Nazari, J., Amini, S., Ghamari, F., Almasri, N.A., Khan, M., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Bedi, N., Alonso, J., Ciber, E.S.P., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Zakzuk, J., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Malagón-Rojas, J.N., Gezae, K., Gesesew, H.A., Muthupandian, S., Gebremeskel, G.G., Berhe, K., Amare, B., Ayza, M.A., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebreslassie, A.A.A., Bitew, H., Zewdie, K.A., Tela, F.G.G., Gill, T.K., Noubiap, J., Lassi, Z.S., Bhandari, D., Amit, A.L., Antonio, C.T., Faraon, E.A., Lopez, J.F., Atre, S.R., Ballew, S.H., Matsushita, K., Khoja, A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Ghadimi, M., Shafaat, O., Fanzo, J., Amugsi, D.A., Amul, G.H., Koh, D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian, N., Anbesu, E.W., Mohammed, J.A., Wondmeneh, T.G., Andrei, C., Negoi, R.I., Davitoiu, D.V., Manda, A., Negoi, I., Preotescu, L., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Ancuceanu, R., Hasan, M., Leung, J., Anderlini, D., Mamun, A.A., Maravilla, J.C., McGrath, J.J., Lalloo, R., Uddin, R., Erskine, H.E., Knibbs, L.D., Mantilla Herrera, A.M., Santomauro, D.F., Mirica, A., Ausloos, M., Herteliu, C., Oţoiu, A., Pana, A., Andrei, T., Ştefan, S., Androudi, S., Angus, C., Ansari, I., Pourjafar, H., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Khammarnia, M., Antonazzo, I., Ferrara, P., Conti, S., Cortesi, P.A., Fornari, C., Lee, P.H., Antriyandarti, E., Yousefi, Z., Rafiei, A., Javidnia, J., Faridnia, R., Anvari, D., Goudarzian, A., Moosazadeh, M., Rezai, M., Daryani, A., Fareed, M., Anwer, R., Appiah, S., Paudel, D., Dichgans, M., Riahi, S., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arab-Zozani, M., Arba, A.A.K., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Aripov, T., Armoon, B., Mahdavi, M.M., Arowosegbe, O.O., Tediosi, F., Aryal, K.K., Mosapour, A., Yaminfirooz, M., Arzani, A., Bijani, A., Jahani, M.A., Mouodi, S., Zamani, M., Asaad, M., Dianatinasab, M., Bahrami, M., Pakshir, K., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Bayati, M., Shahabi, S., Athari, S., Atout, M.M.W., Atteraya, M.S., Brugha, T., Ausloos, F., Avokpaho, E.F.G., Room, R., Islam, M., Edvardsson, D., Rahman, M., Ayala Quintanilla, B., Gething, P.W., Briggs, A.M., Ayano, G., Hendrie, D., Miller, T.R., Azzopardi, P.S., Hoogar, P., B, D.B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Shetty, R.S., Thapar, R., Padubidri, J., Bakkannavar, S.M., Nayak, V.C., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B.K., Bhageerathy, R., Gudi, N., Boloor, A., Holla, R., Rathi, P., Unnikrishnan, B., Janodia, M.D., Lang, J.J., Badawi, A., Orpana, H.M., Bhutta, Z.A., Shield, K.D., Chattu, V., Badiye, A.D., Kapoor, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Rabiee, N., Bagli, E., Baig, A.A., Bairwa, M., Lodha, R., Sagar, R., Rath, G.K., Bhardwaj, P., Charan, J., Kanchan, T., Joshi, A., Pakhare, A.P., Bakhshaei, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Balachandran, A., Hoek, H.W., Postma, M.J., Geremew, A., Gebrehiwot, A.M., Balakrishnan, S., Desalew, A., Bojia, H.A., Mohammed, A.S., Regassa, L.D., Parmar, P.G.K., Balalla, S., Baldasseroni, A., Stokes, M.A., Ball, K., Islam, S., Maddison, R., Balzi, D., Levi, M., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Barua, L., Faruque, M., Barboza, M.A., Barker-Collo, S.L., Jonas, J.B., Panda-Jonas, S., De Neve, J., Kohler, S., Moazen, B., Mohammed, S., Barrero, L.H., Basaleem, H., Bassat, Q., Haro, J.M., Koyanagi, A., Car, J., Greaves, F., Majeed, A., Davis, A.C., Steiner, T.J., Kusuma, D., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Saxena, S., Rawaf, D.L., Baune, B.T., Karch, A., Baye, B.A., Darega Gela, J., Kolola, T., Becker, J.S., DeLang, M., West, J., Gad, M.M., Serre, M.L., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Bosetti, C., Giussani, G., Bikbov, B., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Imani-Nasab, M., Nouraei Motlagh, S., Sharafi, Z., Behzadifar, M., Béjot, Y., Bekuma, T.T., Yilma, M.T., Bell, M.L., Bello, A.K., Rafiee, A., Keddie, S.H., Lucas, T.C.D., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S.J., Rumisha, S.F., Weiss, D.J., Lewington, S., Collins, E.L., Nandi, A.K., Zhao, Y., Bennett, D.A., Karim, M.A., Lacey, B., Khundkar, R., Yaya, S., Goulart, A.C., Santos, I.S., Bensenor, I.M., Lotufo, P.A., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Wang, Y., Furtado, J.M., Benziger, C.P., Berman, A.E., Mazidi, M., Bernabe, E., Dargan, P.I., Molokhia, M., Shibuya, K., Douiri, A., Wolfe, C.D.A., Hay, R.J., Flohr, C., Suchdev, P.S., Ram, P., Bernstein, R.S., Liu, Y., Bhagavathula, A.S., Khan, G., Grivna, M., Bhala, N., Chandan, J.S., Gaidhane, A.M., Quazi Syed, Z., Saxena, D., Khatib, M., Bhat, A.G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Das, J.K., Bibi, S., Bilano, V., Bin Sayeed, M., Cherbuin, N., D'Amico, E., Grosso, G., Borzì, A.M., Biondi, A., Vacante, M., Valli, A., Birihane, B.M., Bisanzio, D., Hassan, S., Bjørge, T., Øverland, S., Bockarie, M.J., Mensah, G.A., Sliwa, K., Gholamian, A., Bohlouli, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R., Borges, G., Bose, D., Bourne, R., Brayne, C., Breitborde, N.J.K., Fisher, J.L., Breitner, S., Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Rakovac, I., Briko, N.I., Lopukhov, P.D., Glushkova, E.V., Korshunov, V.A., Polibin, R.V., Jakovljevic, M., Briko, A.N., Britton, G.B., Castro, F., Moreno Velásquez, I., Burnett, R.T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F., Cai, T., Hall, B.J., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, L.A., Valdez, P.R., Tudor Car, L., Cárdenas, R., Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Fernandes, E., Freitas, M., Pereira, D.M., Santos, J.V., Ribeiro, D., Pinheiro, M., Massano, J., das Neves, J., Dias da Silva, D., Carvalho, F., Costa, V.M., Silva, J.P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Pakhale, S., Cerin, E., Yip, P., Ho, H., Chang, J., Chang, A.R., Chang, K., Cooper, O.R., Chaturvedi, S., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Choi, J.J., Christensen, H., Truelsen, T.C., Chu, D., Kivimäki, M., Chung, S., Kumar, M., Ward, J.L., Chung, M.T., Cirillo, M., Virclo, R., Classen, T.K.D., Lauriola, P., Corso, B., Hugo, F.N., Kieling, C., Cousin, E., Duncan, B.B., Goulart, B.N.G., Schmidt, 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Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Advani, Shailesh M, Afshin, Ashkan, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Muhammad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyru, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azarian, Ghasem, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barzegar, Akbar, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Bedi, Neeraj, Bell, Michellr L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton SKH, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cowden, Richard G, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Croneberger, Andrew J, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolao, Desai, Rupak, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigue, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Estep, Kara, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract: Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020

5. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

Author: Sartorius, B., VanderHeide, J.D., Yang, M., Goosmann, E.A., Hon, J., Haeuser, E., Cork, M.A., Perkins, S., Jahagirdar, D., Schaeffer, L.E., Serfes, A.L., LeGrand, K.E., Abbastabar, H., Abebo, Z.H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Accrombessi, M.M.K., Adebayo, O.M., Adegbosin, A.E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adeyinka, D.A., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M.B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O.O., Akinyemi, R.O., Aklilu, A., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, N., Alamneh, A.A., Alanzi, T.M., Alemu, B.W., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, T., Alipour, V., Amini, S., Ancuceanu, R., Ansari, F., Anteneh, Z.A., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Asemahagn, M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Asmare, W.N., Atnafu, D.D., Atout, M.M.W., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Awedew, A.F., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Ayza, M.A., Azari, S., Azene, Z.N., Babar, Z.-U.-D., Baig, A.A., Balakrishnan, S., Banach, M., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Bekuma, T.T., Bezabhe, W.M.M., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bibi, S., Bikbov, B., Birhan, T.A., Bitew, Z.W., Bockarie, M.J., Boloor, A., Brady, O.J., Bragazzi, N.L., Briko, A.N., Briko, N.I., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z.A., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Chu, D.-T., Cook, A.J., Cormier, N.M., Cowden, R.G., Culquichicon, C., Dagnew, B., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Damiani, G., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Daoud, F., Daryani, A., das Neves, J., Davis Weaver, N., Derbew Molla, M., Deribe, K., Desta, A.A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dhungana, G.P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Doku, P.N., Dubljanin, E., Duko, B., Eagan, A.W., Earl, L., Eaton, J.W., Effiong, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Elayedath, R., El-Jaafary, S.I., Elsharkawy, A., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Fasanmi, A.O., Fasil, A., Fauk, N.K., Feigin, V.L., Ferede, T.Y., Fernandes, E., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M.M., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebregiorgis, B., Gebremichael, B., Gesesew, H.A., Getacher, L., Ghadiri, K., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S.A., Ginindza, T.G., Glagn, M., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gubari, M.I.M., Gugnani, H.C., Guido, D., Guled, R.A., Hall, B.J., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Hargono, A., Hashi, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Herteliu, C., de Hidru, H.D., Holla, R., Hosgood, H.D., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Househ, M., Hwang, B.-F., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Irvani, S.S.N., Iwu, C.C.D., Iwu, C.J., Iyamu, I.O., Jain, V., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jha, R.P., Johnson, K.B., Joshua, V., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Kabir, A., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kasa, A.S., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keiyoro, P.N., Kelkay, B., Khalid, N., Khan, G., Khan, J., Khan, M.N., Khatab, K., Khazaei, S., Kim, Y.J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kochhar, S., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kuate Defo, B., Kugbey, N., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Kuupiel, D., Kyu, H.H., La Vecchia, C., Lal, D.K., Lam, J.O., Landires, I., Lasrado, S., Lazarus, J.V., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Lee, P.H., Leshargie, C.T., Li, B., Liu, X., Lopukhov, P.D., Amin, H.I.M., Madi, D., Mahasha, P.W., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Mamun, A.A., Manafi, N., Mansournia, M.A., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masoumi, S.Z., Mayala, B.K., Meharie, B.G., Meheretu, H.A.A., Meles, H.G., Melku, M., Mendoza, W., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J., Mersha, A.M., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, J.A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Mokonnon, T., Molokhia, M., Moradi, M., Moradi, Y., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mosser, J.F., Munro, S.B., Mustafa, G., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naghavi, M., Naveed, M., Nayak, V.C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Nepal, S., Netsere, H.B., Ngalesoni, F.N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nigatu, Y.T., Nigussie, S.N., Nnaji, C.A., Noubiap, J.J., Nuñez-Samudio, V., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O.O., Ogbo, F.A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, B.O., Olusanya, J.O., Omer, M.O., Omonisi, A.E.E., Onwujekwe, O.E., Orisakwe, O.E., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pana, A., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Patel, U.K., Pathak, M., Patton, G.C., Pawar, S., Peprah, E.K., Pokhrel, K.N., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Pribadi, D.R.A., Quazi Syed, Z., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahmani, A.M., Ram, P., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Reta, M.A., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A.I., Ross, J.M., Rumisha, S.F., Sagar, R., Sahu, M., Sajadi, S.M., Salem, M.R., Samy, A.M., Sathian, B., Schutte, A.E., Seidu, A.-A., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M.A., Shaka, M.F., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shin, J.I., Shivakumar, K.M., Sidemo, N.B., Singh, J.A., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Somefun, O.D., Sorrie, M.B., Spurlock, E.E., Sufiyan, M.B., Taddele, B.W., Tadesse, E.G., Tamir, Z., Tamiru, A.T., Tanser, F.C., Taveira, N., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekalegn, Y., Tesfay, F.H., Tessema, B., Tessema, Z.T., Thakur, B., Tolani, M.A., Topor-Madry, R., Torrado, M., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Traini, E., Tsai, A.C., Tsegaye, G.W., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Unnikrishnan, B., Vardavas, C., Violante, F.S., Vo, B., Wado, Y.D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, Y., Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C.S., Wondmeneh, T.G., Yamada, T., Yaya, S., Yeshaw, Y., Yeshitila, Y.G., Yilma, M.T., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yosef, T., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, S.S., Zaki, L., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zewdie, D.T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z.-J., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., LBD HIV Incidence Mortality Collaborators, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Khatab, Khaled, Sartorius B., VanderHeide J.D., Yang M., Goosmann E.A., Hon J., Haeuser E., Cork M.A., Perkins S., Jahagirdar D., Schaeffer L.E., Serfes A.L., LeGrand K.E., Abbastabar H., Abebo Z.H., Abosetugn A.E., Abu-Gharbieh E., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Akalu Y., Akinyemi O.O., Akinyemi R.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam N., Alamneh A.A., Alanzi T.M., Alemu B.W., Alhassan R.K., Ali T., Alipour V., Amini S., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Anteneh Z.A., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S.C.Y., Arabloo J., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Asmare W.N., Atnafu D.D., Atout M.M.W., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Awedew A.F., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azari S., Azene Z.N., Babar Z.-U.-D., Baig A.A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T.W., Basu S., Bayati M., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T., Bezabhe W.M.M., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bikbov B., Birhan T.A., Bitew Z.W., Bockarie M.J., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cowden R.G., Culquichicon C., Dagnew B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Daryani A., das Neves J., Davis Weaver N., Derbew Molla M., Deribe K., Desta A.A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Doku P.N., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Eagan A.W., Earl L., Eaton J.W., Effiong A., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elayedath R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eskandarieh S., Eyawo O., Ezzikouri S., Fasanmi A.O., Fasil A., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B., Gebremichael B., Gesesew H.A., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gona P.N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guled R.A., Hall B.J., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Holla R., Hosgood H.D., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Irvani S.S.N., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Iyamu I.O., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jha R.P., Johnson K.B., Joshua V., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan G., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khazaei S., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kochhar S., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koulmane Laxminarayana S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kuupiel D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lal D.K., Lam J.O., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J.V., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lee P.H., Leshargie C.T., Li B., Liu X., Lopukhov P.D., Amin H.I.M., Madi D., Mahasha P.W., Majeed A., Maleki A., Maleki S., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Mayala B.K., Meharie B.G., Meheretu H.A.A., Meles H.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Mirica A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Mokonnon T., Molokhia M., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Munro S.B., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naveed M., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Nepal S., Netsere H.B., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Nigussie S.N., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Odukoya O.O., Ogbo F.A., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Omonisi A.E.E., Onwujekwe O.E., Orisakwe O.E., Otstavnov N., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pana A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Patel U.K., Pathak M., Patton G.C., Pawar S., Peprah E.K., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pribadi D.R.A., Quazi Syed Z., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Ram P., Rana J., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S., Rao S.J., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Ross J.M., Rumisha S.F., Sagar R., Sahu M., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Sathian B., Schutte A.E., Seidu A.-A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahbaz M., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Sidemo N.B., Singh J.A., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Somefun O.D., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Taveira N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Tolani M.A., Topor-Madry R., Torrado M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tsai A.C., Tsegaye G.W., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Vardavas C., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Ward P., Werdecker A., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C.S., Wondmeneh T.G., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Local Burden of Disease HIV Collaborators, Duko, Bereket, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Clinicum
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, sub-Saharan Africa, Male, HIV Antibodie, Epidemiology, HIV incidences, HIV Infections, mortality rate, HIV Antibodies, Modelling study, Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, 0302 clinical medicine, Africa, Northern, RA0421, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Medicine, Northern, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, 10. No inequality, uncertainty, Mozambique, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, HIV mortality, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 1. No poverty, Hiv incidence, article, Mauritania, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Articles, tracking, Middle Aged, health care planning, 3. Good health, Lesotho, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, QR180, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, prenatal care, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, seroepidemiology, Human, Adult, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, Unit (housing), 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, blood, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Virology, Seroprevalence, Humans, human, Developing Countries, Estimation, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Subnational mappings, business.industry, Seroepidemiologic Studie, HIV, Anti-HIV Agent, PREVENTION, 030112 virology, mortality, monitoring, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus antibody, Africa, business, HIV incidence, Subnational mapping, Sub-Saharan Africa, Local burden of disease, Public health, Demography
Abstract: Background. High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings. The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV incidence (4661·7 [2544·8–8120·3]) cases per 100 000 people in 2018 and Inhassunge District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV mortality rate (1163·0 [679·0–1866·8]) deaths per 100 000 people. Further, the rate of reduction in HIV incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018, as well as the ratio of new infections to the number of people living with HIV was highly variable. Although most second-level administrative units had declines in the number of new cases (3316 [81·1%] of 4087 units) and number of deaths (3325 [81·4%]), nearly all appeared well short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths between 2010 and 2020. Interpretation. Our estimates suggest that most second-level administrative units in sub-Saharan Africa are falling short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths by 2020, which is further compounded by substantial within-country variability. These estimates will help decision makers and programme implementers expand access to ART and better target health resources to higher burden subnational areas. This work was primarily supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1132415). Additionally, O Adetokunboh acknowledges the support of the Department of Science and Innovation, and National Research Foundation of South Africa. M Ausloos, A Pana, and C Herteliu are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (Romania; project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084). T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. M J Bockarie is supported by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Portuguese national funds (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; UIDB/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/50006/2020/PT, UIDB/04378/2020, and UIDP/04378/2020. K Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. B-F Hwang was partially supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. M Jakovljevic acknowledges support of the Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development (grant OI 175 014). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia, (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). K Krishnan is supported by University Grants Commission Centre of Advanced Study, (CAS II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar would like to acknowledge National Institutes of Health and Fogarty International Cente (K43TW010716). I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama. W Mendoza is a program analyst in population and development at the UN Population Fund Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorse this study. M Phetole received institutional support from the Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, South African Medical Research Council. O Odukoya acknowledges support from the Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health (K43TW010704). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US National Institutes of Health. O Oladimeji is grateful for the support from Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, South Africa, the University of Botswana, Botswana, and the University of Technology of Durban, Durban, South Africa. J R Padubidri acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India. G C Patton is supported by an Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council research fellowship. P Rathi acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal India. A I Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the programme of Stimulus of Scientific Employment–Individual Support (info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT). A M Samy acknowledges the support of the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Social Science Fund (SZ2020C015) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20190929172835662). A Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. N Taveira acknowledges partial funding by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, and Aga Khan Development Network—Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (332821690), and by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (RIA2016MC-1615). C S Wiysonge is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y Zhang was supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20201104) and Open Fund Project of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control (OHIC2020Y01).
Published: 2021

6. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Paulson, K.R., Kamath, A.M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G.G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S.M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L.G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Abushouk, A.I., Adamu, A.L., Adebayo, O.M., Adegbosin, A.E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adeyinka, D.A., Adsuar, J.C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M.B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O.O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S.M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N.A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alumran, A.K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Ameyaw, E.K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A.M.L., Amugsi, D.A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C.L., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Artanti, K.D., Arzani, A., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Athari, S.S., Athari, S.M., Atnafu, D.D., Atreya, A., Atteraya, M.S., Ausloos, M., Awan, A.T., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z.N., Darshan, B.B., Babaee, E., Badiye, A.D., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Banik, Pa.C., Barker-Collo, S.L., Barqawi, H.J., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Beghi, M., Bell, M.L., Bendak, S., Bennett, D.A., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Berman, A.E., Bezabih, Y.M., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birihane, B.M., Biswas, R.K., Bohlouli, S., Bragazzi, N.L., Breusov, A.V., Brunoni, A.R., Burkart, K., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camargos, P., Cámera, L.A., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J.J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Castelpietra, G., Cerin, E., Chang, J-C, Chanie, W.F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, S., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J-Y.J., Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, L.G., Cirillo, M., Conde, J., Costa, V.M., Couto, R.A.S., Dachew, B.A., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darmstadt, G.L, Das, J.K., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis, A.C., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F.P., De Leo, D., Deeba, F., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Dervenis, N., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dhingra, S., Dhungana, G.P., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Dubljanin, E., Duraes, A.R., Eagan, A.W., Edinur, H.A., Efendi, F., Eftekharzadeh, S., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I.Y., El-Jaafary, S.I., Emami, A., Enany, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Faris, P.S., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Fauk, N.K., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V.L., Ferede, T.Y., Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J.L., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, M., Friedman, S.D., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M.M., Gaidhane, A.M., Gaidhane, S., Gaihre, S., Gallus, S., Garcia-Basteiro, A.L., Garcia-Gordillo, M.A., Gardner, W.M., Gaspar Fonseca, M., Gebremedhin, K.B., Getacher, L., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S.A., Gill, T.K., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Godinho, M.A., Goel, A., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Goudarzi, H., Grivna, M., Gugnani, H.C., Guido, D., Guimarães, R.A., Gupta, R.D., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haider, M.R., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G.J., Hargono, A., Hasaballah, A.I., Hasan, M.M., Hasan, S.S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R.J., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S.E., Ikuta, K.S., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Inamdar, S., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, K., Iqbal, U., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Iso, H., Iwagami, M., Iwu, C.C.D., Jaafari, J., Jacobsen, K.H., Jagnoor, J., Jain, V., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Jayaram, S., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R.P., Ji, J.S., John, O., Jonas, J.B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L.R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, Md.N., Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K., Khater, A.M., Khater, M.M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E, Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Koul, P.A., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G.A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z.S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P.H., Lee, S.W.H., Lee, Y.H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, S., Liang, J., Lim, L-L, Limenih, M.A., Lin, R-T, Liu, X., Lodha, R., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Lugo, A., Lunevicius, R., Mackay, M.T., Madhava Kunjathur, S., Magnani, F.G., Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R., Maheri, M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A.A., Malta, D.C., Mamun, A.A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M.A., Martinez, G., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masoumi, S.Z., Maulik, P.K., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J.J., Medina-Solís, C.E., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Mejia-Rodriguez, F., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Mensah, G.A., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T.J., Mersha, A.M., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I.M., Miller, T.R., Mini, G.K., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadi, S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mondello, S., Moni, M.A., Moore, C.E., Moradi, G., Moradi, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morrison, S.D., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mustafa, G., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Nagaraju, S.P., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M.D., Nangia, V., Narasimha Swamy, S., Nascimento, B.R., Naveed, M., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R.I., Nena, E., Nepal, S., Netsere, H.B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, C.T.Y., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nigatu, Y.T., Nigussie, S.N., Nixon, M.R., Nnaji, C.A., Nomura, S., Noor, N.M., Noubiap, J.J., Nunez-Samudio, V., Nwatah, V.E., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O.O., Ogbo, F.A., Olusanya, B.O., Olusanya, J.O., Omar Bali, A., Onwujekwe, O.E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Pal, P.K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Pangaribuan, H.U., Pardo-Montaño, A.M., Park, E-K, Patel, S.K., Patton, G.C., Pawar, S., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Peden, A.E., Pepito, V.C.F., Peprah, E.K., Pereira, J., Pérez-Gómez, J., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Pilgrim, T., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M.A., Pirsaheb, M., Platts-Mills, J.A., Pokhrel, K.N., Postma, M.J., Pourjafar, H., Prada, S.I., Prakash, S., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Raggi, A., Rahimzadeh, S., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahmani, A.M., Ramezanzadeh, K., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S.J., Rasella, D., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawasia, W.F., Rawassizadeh, R., Reiner Jr, R.C., Remuzzi, G., Renzaho, A.M.N., Reshmi, B., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Riahi, S.M., Ribeiro, D., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Rothenbacher, D., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S.F., Ryan, P.M., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M.R., Salehi, S., Salem, M.R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J.A., Samodra, Y.L., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Saraswathy, S.Y.I., Sarker, A.R., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, S., Saya, G.K., Saylan, M., Schiavolin, S., Schlaich, M.P., Schwebel, D.C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S.G., Serván-Mori, E., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shahbaz, M., Shaheen, A.A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M.A., Shakiba, S., Shalash, A.S., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shiferaw, W.S., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Shuval, K., Siddiqi, T.J., Sidemo, N.B., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, J.P., Silverberg, J.I.S., Simonetti, B., Singh, B.B., Singh, J.A., Singhal, D., Sinha, D.N., Skiadaresi, E., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Sleet, D.A., Sobaih, B.H., Sobhiyeh, M.R., Soltani, S., Soriano, J.B., Spurlock, E.E., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Steiropoulos, P., Stokes, M.A., Stortecky, S., Sufiyan, M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Swope, C.B., Sykes, B.L., Szeto, M.D., Szócska, M., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tadesse, E.G., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A.T., Tareque, M.I., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, F.H., Tessema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Thankappan, K.R., Thapar, R., Tolani, M.A., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Traini, E., Tran, B.X., Tripathy, J.P., Tsapparellas, G., Tsatsakis, A., Tudor Car, L., Uddin, R., Ullah, A., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Usman, M.S., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P.R., Vasankari, T.J., Venketasubramanian, N., Verma, M., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Vu, G.T., Wado, Y.D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, Y., Wang, Y-P, Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wilner, L.B., Wiysonge, C.S., Wu, A-M, Wu, C., Xie, Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H., Yamagishi, K., Yandrapalli, S., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S-J, Younis, M.Z., Yousefi, Z., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yusuf, S.S., Zaidi, S.S., Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Xi-J.G., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Murray, C.J.L., Wang, H., Kassebaum, N.J., Paulson, K.R., Kamath, A.M., Alam, T., Bienhoff, K., Abady, G.G., Abbas, J., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abd-Elsalam, S.M., Abdoli, A., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L.G., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E., Abushouk, A.I., Adamu, A.L., Adebayo, O.M., Adegbosin, A.E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adeyinka, D.A., Adsuar, J.C., Afshari, K., Aghaali, M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M.B., Aji, B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O.O., Aklilu, A., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Al-Eyadhy, A., Ali, T., Alicandro, G., Alif, S.M., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N.A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alumran, A.K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Ameyaw, E.K., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amit, A.M.L., Amugsi, D.A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C.L., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Artanti, K.D., Arzani, A., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Athari, S.S., Athari, S.M., Atnafu, D.D., Atreya, A., Atteraya, M.S., Ausloos, M., Awan, A.T., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Azari, S., Azarian, G., Azene, Z.N., Darshan, B.B., Babaee, E., Badiye, A.D., Baig, A.A., Banach, M., Banik, Pa.C., Barker-Collo, S.L., Barqawi, H.J., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Beghi, M., Bell, M.L., Bendak, S., Bennett, D.A., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Berman, A.E., Bezabih, Y.M., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birihane, B.M., Biswas, R.K., Bohlouli, S., Bragazzi, N.L., Breusov, A.V., Brunoni, A.R., Burkart, K., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camargos, P., Cámera, L.A., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J.J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Castelpietra, G., Cerin, E., Chang, J-C, Chanie, W.F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chaturvedi, S., Chen, S., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J-Y.J., Chu, D-T, Ciobanu, L.G., Cirillo, M., Conde, J., Costa, V.M., Couto, R.A.S., 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Javaheri, T., Javanmardi, F., Jayaram, S., Jayatilleke, A.U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R.P., Ji, J.S., John, O., Jonas, J.B., Joo, T., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L.R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Kemmer, L., Khalid, N., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E.A., Khan, G., Khan, M., Khan, Md.N., Khang, Y-H, Khatab, K., Khater, A.M., Khater, M.M., Khayamzadeh, M., Khosravi, A., Kim, D., Kim, Y-E, Kim, Y.J., Kimokoti, R.W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissoon, N., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Koul, P.A., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, G.A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lalloo, R., Lami, F.H., Landires, I., Larsson, A.O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z.S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P.H., Lee, S.W.H., Lee, Y.H., Leigh, J., 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Zaman, S.B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, Xi-J.G., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Murray, C.J.L., Wang, H., and Kassebaum, N.J.
Abstract: Background Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an
Published: 2021

7. Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018.

Author: Kinyoki D., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lu D., Ewald S.B., Donkers K.M., Letourneau I.D., Collison M., Schipp M.F., Abajobir A., Abbasi S., Abbasi N., Abbasifard M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abd-Elsalam S.M., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abraham B., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Adham D., Advani S.M., Agasthi P., Aghaali M., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Aichour M.T.E., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Al-Aly Z., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alemu A., Alhassan R.K., Alif S.M., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Amiri F., Amugsi D.A., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anegago M.T., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anteneh Z.A., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Arzani A., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashebir M.M., Ataro Z., Athari S.M., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azadmehr A., B D., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Banik P.C., Baraki A.G., Barboza M.A., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bazmandegan G., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Berhe A.K., Berhie K.A., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elsharkawy A., El-Sherbiny Y.M., El Tantawi M., Endalew D.A., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Fadhil I., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faris P.S., Farwati M., Farzadfar F., Fasanmi A.O., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Foigt N.A., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gayesa R.T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremeskel L., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Geramo Y.C.D., Gesesew H.A., Gessner B.D., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gilani S.A., Gill T.K., Godinho M.A., Gona P.N., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasan S.S., Hashemian M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Heydarpour S., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hong S.H., Hoogar P., Hosseini S.N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Hotez P.J., Househ M., Huda T.M., Huluko D.H.H., Hussain S.A., Hwang B.-F., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jahani M.A., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jha R.P., John O., Johnson K.B., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joseph N., Joshi A., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahlon T., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kasahun G.G., Kassa Z.Y., Kassa G.G., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keflie T.S., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Keramati M., Ketema D.B., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M.N., Khan M., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khoja A.T., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kolola T., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Lacey B., Lad D.P., Lal D.K., Lami F.H., Landires I., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Laurens M.B., La Vecchia C., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., LeGrand K.E., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Lopez J.C.F., Machado D.B., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad D.R., Mahasha P.W., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Manzar M.D.D., Marrugo Arnedo C.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Maulik P.K., Mayala B.K., Mehari M., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Meitei W.B., Mekonnen T., Meles G.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Metekiya W.M., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Mini G.K., Mir S.A., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Misra S., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed H.M., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Mokdad A.H., Molassiotis A., Monasta L., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mulu G.B.B., Munir M., Muriithi M.K., Murthy G.V.S., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Nagaraju S.P., Naghavi M., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Naqvi A.A., Nascimento B.R., Nayak S., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikpoor A.R., Nnaji C.A., Nong V.M., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V.E., Nyanhanda T., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., 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Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., 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S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu M., Biswas R.K., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Boloor A., Borzouei S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Brunoni A.R., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Cevik M., Chanie W.F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chen S., Chin K.L., Chowdhury M.A.K., Cook A.J., Costa V.M., Cromwell E.A., Dachew B.A., Dagne H., Dagnew B., Dahiru T., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Das J.K., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Deeba F., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Dessie G.A., Dey S., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Earl L., Edinur H.A., Efendi F., Elayedath R., Elema T.B., Elhabashy 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T.J., Sidemo N.B., Singh B.B., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sobhiyeh M.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Taherkhani A., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Tbakhi A., Teame H., Tefera Y.G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tekle M.G., Teklehaimanot B.F., Temsah M.-H., Tesema G.A., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Tiki T., Tilahune A.B., Titova M.V., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran K.B., Tran B.X., Tripathi R., Tripathy J.P., Truong P.N., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C.D., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Tahbaz S.V., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Verma M., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wangdi K., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiysonge C.S., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yang M., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Young M.F., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaidi Z., Zakzuk J., Bin Zaman S., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandifar A., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Kassebaum N.J., and Hay S.I.
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000-2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15-49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Copyright © 2021, The Author(s).
Published: 2021

8. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning.

Author: Cromwell E.A., Osborne J.C.P., Unnasch T.R., Basanez M., Gass K.M., Barbre K.A., Hill E., Johnson K.B., Donkers K.M., Shirude S., Schmidt C.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Afarideh M., Ahmadpour E., Beshir Ahmed M., Yihunie Akalu T., Al-Aly Z., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alipour V., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansha M.G., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Amin Baig A., Banach M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Butt Z.A., Carvalho F., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Cormier N.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Do H.T., El Sayed Zak M., El Tantawi M., Elemineh D.A., Faraj A., Harandi M.F., Fatahi Y., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guido D., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Abdullah K.H., Hamidi S., Herteliu C., De Hidru H.D., Higazi T.B., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Ilic I.M., Iqbal U., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Jha R.P., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaeian A., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Kelbore A.G., Keramati M., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Nuruzzaman Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Kianipour N., Kibret K.T., Kim Y.J., Kosen S., Krohn K.J., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., Legrand K.E., Li S., Longbottom J., Abd El Razek H.M., Abd El Razek M.M., Maleki A., Mamun A.A., Manafi A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Miri M., Moghadaszadeh M., Hafshejani A.M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nikbakhsh R., Oancea B., Olagunju T.O., Olagunju A.T., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Pana A., Pourjafar H., Rahim F., Ur Rahman M.H., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezapour A., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Sadeghi E., Saghafipour A., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schipp M.F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Kumar Shetty B.S., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Soltani S., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Tabuchi T., Tapak L., Thompson R.L., Thomson A.J., Traini E., Tran B.X., Ullah I., Ullah S., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Uthman O.A., Melchers N.V.S.V., Violante F.S., Wolde H.F., Wonde T.E., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Pigott D.M., Cromwell E.A., Osborne J.C.P., Unnasch T.R., Basanez M., Gass K.M., Barbre K.A., Hill E., Johnson K.B., Donkers K.M., Shirude S., Schmidt C.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Afarideh M., Ahmadpour E., Beshir Ahmed M., Yihunie Akalu T., Al-Aly Z., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alipour V., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansha M.G., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Amin Baig A., Banach M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Butt Z.A., Carvalho F., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Cormier N.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Do H.T., El Sayed Zak M., El Tantawi M., Elemineh D.A., Faraj A., Harandi M.F., Fatahi Y., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guido D., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Abdullah K.H., Hamidi S., Herteliu C., De Hidru H.D., Higazi T.B., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Ilic I.M., Iqbal U., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Jha R.P., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaeian A., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Kelbore A.G., Keramati M., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Nuruzzaman Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Kianipour N., Kibret K.T., Kim Y.J., Kosen S., Krohn K.J., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., Legrand K.E., Li S., Longbottom J., Abd El Razek H.M., Abd El Razek M.M., Maleki A., Mamun A.A., Manafi A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Miri M., Moghadaszadeh M., Hafshejani A.M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nikbakhsh R., Oancea B., Olagunju T.O., Olagunju A.T., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Pana A., Pourjafar H., Rahim F., Ur Rahman M.H., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezapour A., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Sadeghi E., Saghafipour A., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schipp M.F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Kumar Shetty B.S., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Soltani S., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Tabuchi T., Tapak L., Thompson R.L., Thomson A.J., Traini E., Tran B.X., Ullah I., Ullah S., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Uthman O.A., Melchers N.V.S.V., Violante F.S., Wolde H.F., Wonde T.E., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., and Pigott D.M.
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 x 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0.71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50.2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5x5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ult
Published: 2021

9. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Author: James S.L., Castle C.D., Dingels Z.V., Fox J.T., Hamilton E.B., Liu Z., S Roberts N.L., Sylte D.O., Henry N.J., LeGrand K.E., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abedi A., Abosetugn A.E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahmad T., Ahmed R., Ahmed M.B., Eddine Aichour M.T., Alahdab F., Alamene G.M., Alanezi F.M., Alebel A., Alema N.M., Alghnam S.A., Al-Hajj S., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alikhani M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Altirkawi K., Abdeldayem Amer Y.S., Amini S., Loreche Amit A.M., Andrei C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., T Antonio C.A., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Ariani F., Arora A., Asaad M., Asghari B., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Azari S., Azarian G., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Bakhtiari A., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Banstola A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Barzegar A., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T.T., Belete H., Benjet C., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M.S., Borges G., Borzi A.M., Boufous S., Brazinova A., Briko N.I., Budhathoki S.S., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chanie W.F., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chatziralli I., Chaudhary N., Cho D.Y., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Chu D.-T., Colquhoun S.M., Constantin M.-M., Costa V.M., Damiani G., Daryani A., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Demoz G.T., Demsie D.G., Derakhshani A., Deribe K., Desai R., Nasab M.D., da Silva D.D., Dibaji Forooshani Z.S., Doyle K.E., Driscoll T.R., Dubljanin E., Adema B.D., Eagan A.W., Eftekhari A., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Sayed Zaki M.E., Elemineh D.A., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Ellingsen C.L., Emamian M.H., Endalew D.A., Eskandarieh S., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fatahi Y., Fekadu W., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebre A.K., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremichael B., Gedefaw G.A., Geta B., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill T.K., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grivna M., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta G., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Bidgoli H.H., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Haro J.M., Hasan M.M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hayat K., Hendrie D., Heydarpour F., Hijar M., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hu G., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Indriasih E., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Shariful Islam S.M., Islam M.M., Ivers R.Q., Jacobsen K.H., Jahani M.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jayaraman S., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., John-Akinola Y.O., Jonas J.B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Kassaye H.G., Kavetskyy T., Kebede H.K., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Kelkay B., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalil I.A., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan E.A., Khan M., Khanna T., Khazaie H., Shadmani F.K., Khundkar R., Kiirithio D.N., Kim Y.-E., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Komaki H., M Kondlahalli S.K., Korshunov V.A., Koyanagi A., G Kraemer M.U., Krishan K., Bicer B.K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kumar N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumaresh G., Kurmi O.P., Kuti O., Vecchia C., Lami F.H., Lamichhane P., Lang J.J., Lansingh V.C., Laryea D.O., Lasrado S., Latifi A., Lauriola P., Leasher J.L., Huey Lee S.W., Lenjebo T.L., Levi M., Li S., Linn S., Liu X., Lopez A.D., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madadin M., El Razek M.M.A., Mahotra N.B., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Maled V., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Manafi N., Manafi A., Manda A.-L., Manjunatha N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Maravilla J.C., March L.M., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Massenburg B.B., Maulik P.K., Meles G.G., Melese A., Melketsedik Z.A., N Memiah P.T., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha M.M., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Merie H.E., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K.A., Darwesh A.M., Gholi Mezerji N.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mohebi F., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Velasquez I.M., Morisaki N., Morrison S.D., Mossie T.B., Muluneh A.G., Murthy S., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Naserbakht M., Nayak V., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Thi Nguyen H.L., Nikbakhsh R., Anggraini Ningrum D.N., Nnaji C.A., Nyasulu P.S., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Okunga E.W., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Asante K.O., Orpana H.M., Ota E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., A M.P., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Panda-Jonas S., Park E.-K., Patel S.K., Pathak A., Pati S., Patton G.C., Paulos K., Peden A.E., Filipino Pepito V.C., Pereira J., Pham H.Q., Phillips M.R., Pinheiro M., Polibin R.V., Polinder S., Poustchi H., Prakash S., Angga Pribadi D.R., Puri P., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi S., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Rakovac I., Ranganathan K., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., N Renzaho A.M., Resnikoff S., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios Gonzalez C.M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Saad A.M., Sabde Y.D., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safari S., Safari-Faramani R., Safarpour H., Safdarian M., Sajadi S.M., Salamati P., Salehi F., Zahabi S.S., Rashad Salem M.R., Salem H., Salman O., Salz I., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Riera L.S., Santric Milicevic M.M., Sarker A.R., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Sawyer S.M., Saxena S., Sayyah M., Schwebel D.C., Seedat S., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Seyedmousavi S., Sha F., Shaahmadi F., Shahabi S., Shaikh M.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsizadeh M., Sharif-Alhoseini M., Sharifi H., Sheikh A., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh P.K., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Smarandache C.-G., R Smith E.U., Soheili A., Soleymani B., Soltanian A.R., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Stein D.J., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Rasul Suleria H.A., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabb K.M., Taddele B.W., Tadesse D.B., Tamiru A.T., Tarigan I.U., Tefera Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekle M.G., Tekulu G.H., Tesema A.K., Tesfay B.E., Thapar R., Tilahune A.B., Tlaye K.G., Tohidinik H.R., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Tripathy J.P., Tsai A.C., Car L.T., Ullah S., Ullah I., Umar M., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Valdez P.R., Vasankari T.J., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Waheed Y., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wolde H.F., Woldeyes D.H., Wondafrash D.Z., Wondmeneh T.G., Wondmieneh A.B., Wu A.-M., Yadav R., Yadollahpour A., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Youm Y., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yu Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T.Z., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarei A., Zare F., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Degenhardt L., Dharmaratne S.D., Hay S.I., Mokdad A.H., Reiner R.C., Sartorius B., Vos T., James S.L., Castle C.D., Dingels Z.V., Fox J.T., Hamilton E.B., Liu Z., S Roberts N.L., Sylte D.O., Henry N.J., LeGrand K.E., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulkader R.S., Abedi A., Abosetugn A.E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahmad T., Ahmed R., Ahmed M.B., Eddine Aichour M.T., Alahdab F., Alamene G.M., Alanezi F.M., Alebel A., Alema N.M., Alghnam S.A., Al-Hajj S., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alikhani M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Altirkawi K., Abdeldayem Amer Y.S., Amini S., Loreche Amit A.M., Andrei C.L., Ansari-Moghaddam A., T Antonio C.A., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Ariani F., Arora A., Asaad M., Asghari B., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Azari S., Azarian G., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bagli E., Baig A.A., Bairwa M., Bakhtiari A., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Banstola A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Barzegar A., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T.T., Belete H., Benjet C., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhe K., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M.S., Borges G., Borzi A.M., Boufous S., Brazinova A., Briko N.I., Budhathoki S.S., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chanie W.F., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chatziralli I., Chaudhary N., Cho D.Y., Kabir Chowdhury M.A., Chu D.-T., Colquhoun S.M., Constantin M.-M., Costa V.M., Damiani G., Daryani A., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Demoz G.T., Demsie D.G., Derakhshani A., Deribe K., Desai R., Nasab M.D., da Silva D.D., Dibaji Forooshani Z.S., Doyle K.E., Driscoll T.R., Dubljanin E., Adema B.D., Eagan A.W., Eftekhari A., Ehsani-Chimeh E., Sayed Zaki M.E., Elemineh D.A., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Ellingsen C.L., Emamian M.H., Endalew D.A., Eskandarieh S., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fatahi Y., Fekadu W., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebre A.K., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremichael B., Gedefaw G.A., Geta B., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill T.K., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grivna M., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta G., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Bidgoli H.H., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Haro J.M., Hasan M.M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hayat K., Hendrie D., Heydarpour F., Hijar M., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hu G., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Indriasih E., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Shariful Islam S.M., Islam M.M., Ivers R.Q., Jacobsen K.H., Jahani M.A., 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Sartorius B., and Vos T.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. METHOD(S): We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). FINDINGS: In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100000. In 1990, there were 354064302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338174876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). INTERPRETATION: Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Copyright © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
Published: 2021

10. Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries.

Author: Sambala E.Z., Waheed Y., Wakefield J., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woldu G., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C.S., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zarei F., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Lim S.S., Mosser J.F., Biswas A., Sbarra A.N., Rolfe S., Nguyen J.Q., Earl L., Galles N.C., Marks A., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abegaz K.H., Abiy H.A.A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Ahmad T., Ahmadi R., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemnew B.T., Ali B.A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipoor R., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Amare B., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Armoon B., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asgari S., Atafar Z., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhtiari A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barac A., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A.G., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayou Y.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bell M.L., Berbada D.A., Berhe K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhanu M., Bisanzio D., Bohlouli S., 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Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zarei F., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Lim S.S., Mosser J.F., Biswas A., Sbarra A.N., Rolfe S., Nguyen J.Q., Earl L., Galles N.C., Marks A., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abegaz K.H., Abiy H.A.A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Ahmad T., Ahmadi R., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemnew B.T., Ali B.A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipoor R., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Amare B., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Armoon B., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asgari S., Atafar Z., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhtiari A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barac A., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A.G., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayou Y.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bell M.L., Berbada D.A., Berhe K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhanu M., Bisanzio D., Bohlouli S., Bolla S.R., Borzouei S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Chattu V.K., Chehrazi M., Chin K.L., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cunningham B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Danovaro M.C., Dansereau E., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Das J.K., Weaver N.D., De Neve J.-W., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Desta D.M., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Dunachie S.J., Duraes A.R., Kalan M.E., Leylabadlo H.E., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Enany S., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etisso A.E., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Fazlzadeh M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremariam K.T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Gedefaw G.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari R., Ghaffarifar F., Ghajarzadeh M., 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Karimi S.E., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khammarnia M., Khan M.S., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi A., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lansingh V.C., Larson H.J., Lasrado S., Lee S.W.H., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Lenjebo T.L., Li S., Liang X., Liu P.Y., Lopukhov P.D., Machado D.B., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malik M.A., Malta D.C., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansourian M., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Mayala B.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Miller-Petrie M.K., Mills E.J., Milne G.J., Mirabi P., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei H.R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed H., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Moosavi M.A., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Mueller U.O., Muluneh A.G., Munro S.B., Murray C.J.L., Murthy G.V.S., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen C.T.K., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikfar S., Nikpoor A.R., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Bali A.O., Omer 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Salem M.R., Salomon J.A., Kafil H.S., Samy A.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Saroshe S., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Schaeffer L.E., Schwebel D.C., Senthilkumaran S., Shabaninejad H., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sharifi H., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R.S., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shirkoohi R., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Silverberg J.I.S., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Sinke A.H., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Soofi M., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Spotin A., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Abdulkader R.S., Taherkhani A., Tapak L., Taveira N., Taymoori P., Tefera Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Teklehaimanot B.F., Tekulu G.H., Tesfay B.E., Tessema Z.T., Tessema B., Thankappan K.R., Tohidinik H.R., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Uddin R., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., and Vollmer S.
Abstract: The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1-4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5-8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 x 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.Copyright © 2020, The Author(s).
Published: 2021

11. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: Results from the global burden of disease study 2017

Author: James, S.L. Castle, C.D. Dingels, Z.V. Fox, J.T. Hamilton, E.B. Liu, Z. Roberts, N.L.S. Sylte, D.O. Henry, N.J. LeGrand, K.E. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulkader, R.S. Abedi, A. Abosetugn, A.E. Abushouk, A.I. Adebayo, O.M. Agudelo-Botero, M. Ahmad, T. Ahmed, R. Ahmed, M.B. Aichour, M.T.E. Alahdab, F. Alamene, G.M. Alanezi, F.M. Alebel, A. Alema, N.M. Alghnam, S.A. Al-Hajj, S. Ali, B.A. Ali, S. Alikhani, M. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Almasri, N.A. Altirkawi, K. Amer, Y.S.A. Amini, S. Amit, A.M.L. Andrei, C.L. Ansari-Moghaddam, A. Antonio, C.A.T. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arabloo, J. Arab-Zozani, M. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Ariani, F. Arora, A. Asaad, M. Asghari, B. Awoke, N. Quintanilla, B.P.A. Ayano, G. Ayanore, M.A. Azari, S. Azarian, G. Badawi, A. Badiye, A.D. Bagli, E. Baig, A.A. Bairwa, M. Bakhtiari, A. Balachandran, A. Banach, M. Banerjee, S.K. Banik, P.C. Banstola, A. Barker-Collo, S.L. Bärnighausen, T.W. Barrero, L.H. Barzegar, A. Bayati, M. Baye, B.A. Bedi, N. Behzadifar, M. Bekuma, T.T. Belete, H. Benjet, C. Bennett, D.A. Bensenor, I.M. Berhe, K. Bhardwaj, P. Bhat, A.G. Bhattacharyya, K. Bibi, S. Bijani, A. Sayeed, M.S.B. Borges, G. Borzì, A.M. Boufous, S. Brazinova, A. Briko, N.I. Budhathoki, S.S. Car, J. Cárdenas, R. Carvalho, F. Castaldelli-Maia, J.M. Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A. Castelpietra, G. Catalá-López, F. Cerin, E. Chandan, J.S. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, S.K. Chattu, V.K. Chatziralli, I. Chaudhary, N. Cho, D.Y. Chowdhury, M.A.K. Chu, D.-T. Colquhoun, S.M. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Damiani, G. Daryani, A. Dávila-Cervantes, C.A. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demoz, G.T. Demsie, D.G. Derakhshani, A. Deribe, K. Desai, R. Nasab, M.D. Dias da Silva, D. Forooshani, Z.S.D. Doyle, K.E. Driscoll, T.R. Dubljanin, E. Adema, B.D. Eagan, A.W. Eftekhari, A. Ehsani-Chimeh, E. El Sayed Zaki, M. Elemineh, D.A. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Ellingsen, C.L. Emamian, M.H. Endalew, D.A. Eskandarieh, S. Faris, P.S. Faro, A. 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Musa, K.I. Mustafa, G. Nabhan, A.F. Nagarajan, A.J. Naik, G. Naimzada, M.D. Najafi, F. Nangia, V. Nascimento, B.R. Naserbakht, M. Nayak, V. Ndwandwe, D.E. Negoi, I. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nguyen, H.L.T. Nikbakhsh, R. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nnaji, C.A. Nyasulu, P.S. Ogbo, F.A. Oghenetega, O.B. Oh, I.-H. Okunga, E.W. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Bali, A.O. Onwujekwe, O.E. Asante, K.O. Orpana, H.M. Ota, E. Otstavnov, N. Otstavnov, S.S. Mahesh, P.A. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakshir, K. Panda-Jonas, S. Park, E.-K. Patel, S.K. Pathak, A. Pati, S. Patton, G.C. Paulos, K. Peden, A.E. Pepito, V.C.F. Pereira, J. Pham, H.Q. Phillips, M.R. Pinheiro, M. Polibin, R.V. Polinder, S. Poustchi, H. Prakash, S. Pribadi, D.R.A. Puri, P. Syed, Z.Q. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafay, A. Rafiee, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, S. Rahimi-Movaghar, V. Rahman, M.A. Rajabpour-Sanati, A. Rajati, F. Rakovac, I. Ranganathan, K. Rao, S.J. Rashedi, V. Rastogi, P. Rathi, P. Rawaf, S. Rawal, L. Rawassizadeh, R. Renjith, V. Renzaho, A.M.N. Resnikoff, S. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Rickard, J. González, C.M.R. Ronfani, L. Roshandel, G. Saad, A.M. Sabde, Y.D. Sabour, S. Saddik, B. Safari, S. Safari-Faramani, R. Safarpour, H. Safdarian, M. Mohammad Sajadi, S. Salamati, P. Salehi, F. Zahabi, S.S. Rashad Salem, M.R. Salem, H. Salman, O. Salz, I. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Riera, L.S. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sarker, A.R. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Sawhney, M. Sawyer, S.M. Saxena, S. Sayyah, M. Schwebel, D.C. Seedat, S. Senthilkumaran, S. Sepanlou, S.G. Seyedmousavi, S. Sha, F. Shaahmadi, F. Shahabi, S. Shaikh, M.A. Shams-Beyranvand, M. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharif-Alhoseini, M. Sharifi, H. Sheikh, A. Shigematsu, M. Shin, J.I. Shiri, R. Siabani, S. Sigfusdottir, I.D. Singh, P.K. Singh, J.A. Sinha, D.N. Smarandache, C.-G. Smith, E.U.R. Soheili, A. Soleymani, B. Soltanian, A.R. Soriano, J.B. Sorrie, M.B. Soyiri, I.N. Stein, D.J. Stokes, M.A. Mu'awiyyah, B.S. Suleria, H.A.R. Sykes, B.L. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. Tabb, K.M. Taddele, B.W. Tadesse, D.B. Tamiru, A.T. Tarigan, I.U. Tefera, Y.M. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Tekle, M.G. Tekulu, G.H. Tesema, A.K. Tesfay, B.E. Thapar, R. Tilahune, A.B. Tlaye, K.G. Tohidinik, H.R. Topor-Madry, R. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tripathy, J.P. Tsai, A.C. Car, L.T. Ullah, S. Ullah, I. Umar, M. Unnikrishnan, B. Upadhyay, E. Uthman, O.A. Valdez, P.R. Vasankari, T.J. Venketasubramanian, N. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Waheed, Y. Weldesamuel, G.T. Werdecker, A. Wiangkham, T. Wolde, H.F. Woldeyes, D.H. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wondmeneh, T.G. Wondmieneh, A.B. Wu, A.-M. Yadav, R. Yadollahpour, A. Yano, Y. Yaya, S. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Yip, P. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Yoon, S.-J. Youm, Y. Younis, M.Z. Yousefi, Z. Yu, Y. Yu, C. Yusefzadeh, H. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zaman, S.B. Zamani, M. Zamanian, M. Zandian, H. Zarei, A. Zare, F. Zhang, Z.-J. Zhang, Y. Zodpey, S. Dandona, L. Dandona, R. Degenhardt, L. Dharmaratne, S.D. Hay, S.I. Mokdad, A.H. Reiner, R.C., Jr. Sartorius, B. Vos, T.
Abstract: Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
Published: 2020

12. Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Author: Lainšcak, M. Milinkovic, I. Polovina, M. Crespo-Leiro, M.G. Lund, L.H. Anker, S.D. Laroche, C. Ferrari, R. Coats, A.J.S. McDonagh, T. Filippatos, G. Maggioni, A.P. Piepoli, M.F. Rosano, G.M.C. Ruschitzka, F. Simic, D. Ašanin, M. Eicher, J.-C. Yilmaz, M.B. Seferovic, P.M. Gale, C.P. Chair, G.B. Branko Beleslin, R.S. Andrzej Budaj, P.L. Chioncel, R.O. Nikolaos Dagres, D.E. Nicolas Danchin, F.R. David Erlinge, S.E. Jonathan Emberson, G.B. Michael Glikson, I.L. Alastair Gray, G.B. Meral Kayikcioglu, T.R. Aldo Maggioni, I.T. Klaudia Vivien Nagy, H.U. Aleksandr Nedoshivin, R.U. Anna-Sonia Petronio, I.T. Jolien Roos-Hesselink, N.L. Lars Wallentin, S.E. Uwe Zeymer, D.E. Mebazaa, A. Coats, A. A. Goda, A.L. M. Diez, A.R. A. Fernandez, A.R. F. Fruhwald, A.T. Fazlibegovic, E. P. Gatzov, B.G. A. Kurlianskaya, B.Y. R. Hullin, C.H. T. Christodoulides, C.Y. J. Hradec, C.Z. O. Wendelboe Nielsen, D.K. R. Nedjar, D.Z. T. Uuetoa, E.E. M. Hassanein, E.G. J. F. Delgado Jimenez, E.S. V-P. Harjola, F.I. D. Logeart, F.R. V. Chumburidze, G.E. D. Tousoulis, G.R. D. Milicic, H.R. B. Merkely, H.U. O'Donoghue IE, E. O. Amir, I.L. A. Shotan, I.L. D. Shafie, I.R. M. Metra, I.T. A. Matsumori, J.P. E. Mirrakhimov, K.G. A. Kavoliuniene, L.T. A. Erglis, L.V. Vataman, E. M. Otljanska, M.K. E. Srbinovska Kostovska, M.K. D. Cassar DeMarco, M.T. J. Drozdz, P.L. Fonseca, C. M. Dekleva, R.S. E. Shkolnik, R.U. U. Dahlstrom, S.E. M. Lainscak, S.I. E. Goncalvesova, S.K. A. Temizhan, T.R. V. Estrago, U.Y. G. Bajraktari, X.K. Auer, J. Ablasser, K. Fruhwald, F. Dolze, T. Brandner, K. Gstrein, S. Poelzl, G. Moertl, D. Reiter, S. Podczeck-Schweighofer, A. Muslibegovic, A. Vasilj, M. Cesko, M. Zelenika, D. Palic, B. Pravdic, D. Cuk, D. Vitlianova, K. Katova, T. Velikov, T. Kurteva, T. Gatzov, P. Kamenova, D. Antova, M. Sirakova, V. Krejci, J. Mikolaskova, M. Spinar, J. Krupicka, J. Malek, F. Hegarova, M. Lazarova, M. Monhart, Z. Hassanein, M. Sobhy, M. El Messiry, F. El Shazly, A.H. Elrakshy, Y. Youssef, A. Moneim, A.A. Noamany, M. Reda, A. Dayem, T.K.A. Farag, N. Halawa, S.I. Hamid, M.A. Said, K. Saleh, A. Ebeid, H. Hanna, R. Aziz, R. Louis, O. Enen, M.A. Ibrahim, B.S. Nasr, G. Elbahry, A. Sobhy, H. Ashmawy, M. Gouda, M. Aboleineen, W. Bernard, Y. Luporsi, P. Meneveau, N. Pillot, M. Morel, M. Seronde, M.-F. Schiele, F. Briand, F. Delahaye, F. Damy, T. de Groote, P. Fertin, M. Lamblin, N. Isnard, R. Lefol, C. Thevenin, S. Hagege, A. Jondeau, G. Logeart, D. Le Marcis, V. Ly, J.-F. Coisne, D. Lequeux, B. Le Moal, V. Mascle, S. Lotton, P. Behar, N. Donal, E. Thebault, C. Ridard, C. Reynaud, A. Basquin, A. Bauer, F. Codjia, R. Galinier, M. Tourikis, P. Stavroula, M. Tousoulis, D. Stefanadis, C. Chrysohoou, C. Kotrogiannis, I. Matzaraki, V. Dimitroula, T. Karavidas, A. Tsitsinakis, G. Kapelios, C. Nanas, J. Kampouri, H. Nana, E. Kaldara, E. Eugenidou, A. Vardas, P. Saloustros, I. Patrianakos, A. Tsaknakis, T. Evangelou, S. Nikoloulis, N. Tziourganou, H. Tsaroucha, A. Papadopoulou, A. Douras, A. Polgar, L. Merkely, B. Kosztin, A. Nyolczas, N. Nagy, A.C. Halmosi, R. Elber, J. Alony, I. Shotan, A. Fuhrmann, A.V. Amir, O. Romano, S. Marcon, S. Penco, M. Di Mauro, M. Lemme, E. Carubelli, V. Rovetta, R. Metra, M. Bulgari, M. Quinzani, F. Lombardi, C. Bosi, S. Schiavina, G. Squeri, A. Barbieri, A. Di Tano, G. Pirelli, S. Fucili, A. Passero, T. Musio, S. Di Biase, M. Correale, M. Salvemini, G. Brognoli, S. Zanelli, E. Giordano, A. Agostoni, P. Italiano, G. Salvioni, E. Copelli, S. Modena, M.G. Reggianini, L. Valenti, C. Olaru, A. Bandino, S. Deidda, M. Mercuro, G. Dessalvi, C.C. Marino, P.N. Di Ruocco, M.V. Sartori, C. Piccinino, C. Parrinello, G. Licata, G. Torres, D. Giambanco, S. Busalacchi, S. Arrotti, S. Novo, S. Inciardi, R.M. Pieri, P. Chirco, P.R. Galifi, M.A. Teresi, G. Buccheri, D. Minacapelli, A. Veniani, M. Frisinghelli, A. Priori, S.G. Cattaneo, S. Opasich, C. Gualco, A. Pagliaro, M. Mancone, M. Fedele, F. Cinque, A. Vellini, M. Scarfo, I. Romeo, F. Ferraiuolo, F. Sergi, D. Anselmi, M. Melandri, F. Leci, E. Iori, E. Bovolo, V. Pidello, S. Frea, S. Bergerone, S. Botta, M. Canavosio, F.G. Gaita, F. Merlo, M. Cinquetti, M. Sinagra, G. Ramani, F. Fabris, E. Stolfo, D. Artico, J. Miani, D. Fresco, C. Daneluzzi, C. Proclemer, A. Cicoira, M. Zanolla, L. Marchese, G. Torelli, F. Vassanelli, C. Voronina, N. Erglis, A. Tamakauskas, V. Smalinskas, V. Karaliute, R. Petraskiene, I. Kazakauskaite, E. Rumbinaite, E. Kavoliuniene, A. Vysniauskas, V. Brazyte-Ramanauskiene, R. Petraskiene, D. Stankala, S. Switala, P. Juszczyk, Z. Sinkiewicz, W. Gilewski, W. Pietrzak, J. Orzel, T. Kasztelowicz, P. Kardaszewicz, P. Lazorko-Piega, M. Gabryel, J. Mosakowska, K. Bellwon, J. Rynkiewicz, A. Raczak, G. Lewicka, E. Dabrowska-Kugacka, A. Bartkowiak, R. Sosnowska-Pasiarska, B. Wozakowska-Kaplon, B. Krzeminski, A. Zabojszcz, M. Mirek-Bryniarska, E. Grzegorzko, A. Bury, K. Nessler, J. Zalewski, J. Furman, A. Broncel, M. Poliwczak, A. Bala, A. Zycinski, P. Rudzinska, M. Jankowski, L. Kasprzak, J.D. Michalak, L. Soska, K.W. Drozdz, J. Huziuk, I. Retwinski, A. Flis, P. Weglarz, J. Bodys, A. Grajek, S. Kaluzna-Oleksy, M. Straburzynska-Migaj, E. Dankowski, R. Szymanowska, K. Grabia, J. Szyszka, A. Nowicka, A. Samcik, M. Wolniewicz, L. Baczynska, K. Komorowska, K. Poprawa, I. Komorowska, E. Sajnaga, D. Zolbach, A. Dudzik-Plocica, A. Abdulkarim, A.-F. Lauko-Rachocka, A. Kaminski, L. Kostka, A. Cichy, A. Ruszkowski, P. Splawski, M. Fitas, G. Szymczyk, A. Serwicka, A. Fiega, A. Zysko, D. Krysiak, W. Szabowski, S. Skorek, E. Pruszczyk, P. Bienias, P. Ciurzynski, M. Welnicki, M. Mamcarz, A. Folga, A. Zielinski, T. Rywik, T. Leszek, P. Sobieszczanska-Malek, M. Piotrowska, M. Kozar-Kaminska, K. Komuda, K. Wisniewska, J. Tarnowska, A. Balsam, P. Marchel, M. Opolski, G. Kaplon-Cieslicka, A. Gil, R.J. Mozenska, O. Byczkowska, K. Gil, K. Pawlak, A. Michalek, A. Krzesinski, P. Piotrowicz, K. Uzieblo-Zyczkowska, B. Stanczyk, A. Skrobowski, A. Ponikowski, P. Jankowska, E. Rozentryt, P. Polonski, L. Gadula-Gacek, E. Nowalany-Kozielska, E. Kuczaj, A. Kalarus, Z. Szulik, M. Przybylska, K. Klys, J. Prokop-Lewicka, G. Kleinrok, A. Aguiar, C.T. Ventosa, A. Pereira, S. Faria, R. Chin, J. De Jesus, I. Santos, R. Silva, P. Moreno, N. Queirós, C. Lourenço, C. Pereira, A. Castro, A. Andrade, A. Guimaraes, T.O. Martins, S. Placido, R. Lima, G. Brito, D. Francisco, A.R. Cardiga, R. Proenca, M. Araujo, I. Marques, F. Moura, B. Leite, S. Campelo, M. Silva-Cardoso, J. Rodrigues, J. Rangel, I. Martins, E. Correia, A.S. Peres, M. Marta, L. da Silva, G.F. Severino, D. Durao, D. Leao, S. Magalhaes, P. Moreira, I. Cordeiro, A.F. Ferreira, C. Araujo, C. Ferreira, A. Baptista, A. Radoi, M. Bicescu, G. Vinereanu, D. Sinescu, C.-J. Macarie, C. Popescu, R. Daha, I. Dan, G.-A. Stanescu, C. Dan, A. Craiu, E. Nechita, E. Aursulesei, V. Christodorescu, R. Otasevic, P. Simeunovic, D. Ristic, A.D. Celic, V. Pavlovic-Kleut, M. Lazic, J.S. Stojcevski, B. Pencic, B. Stevanovic, A. Andric, A. Iric-Cupic, V. Jovic, M. Davidovic, G. Milanov, S. Mitic, V. Atanaskovic, V. Antic, S. Pavlovic, M. Stanojevic, D. Stoickov, V. Ilic, S. Ilic, M.D. Petrovic, D. Stojsic, S. Kecojevic, S. Dodic, S. Adic, N.C. Cankovic, M. Stojiljkovic, J. Mihajlovic, B. Radin, A. Radovanovic, S. Krotin, M. Klabnik, A. Goncalvesova, E. Pernicky, M. Murin, J. Kovar, F. Kmec, J. Semjanova, H. Strasek, M. Iskra, M.S. Ravnikar, T. Suligoj, N.C. Komel, J. Fras, Z. Jug, B. Glavic, T. Losic, R. Bombek, M. Krajnc, I. Krunic, B. Horvat, S. Kovac, D. Rajtman, D. Cencic, V. Letonja, M. Winkler, R. Valentincic, M. Melihen-Bartolic, C. Bartolic, A. Vrckovnik, M.P. Kladnik, M. Pusnik, C.S. Marolt, A. Klen, J. Drnovsek, B. Leskovar, B. Anguita, M.J.F. Page, J.C.G. Martinez, F.M.S. Andres, J. Bayes-Genis, A. Mirabet, S. Mendez, A. Garcia-Cosio, L. Roig, E. Leon, V. Gonzalez-Costello, J. Muntane, G. Garay, A. Alcade-Martinez, V. Fernandez, S.L. Rivera-Lopez, R. Puga-Martinez, M. Fernandez-Alvarez, M. Serrano-Martinez, J.L. Grille-Cancela, Z. Marzoa-Rivas, R. Blanco-Canosa, P. Paniagua-Martin, M.J. Barge-Caballero, E. Cerdena, I.L. Baldomero, I.F.H. Padron, A.L. Rosillo, S.O. Gonzalez-Gallarza, R.D. Montanes, O.S. Manjavacas, A.M.I. Conde, A.C. Araujo, A. Soria, T. Garcia-Pavia, P. Gomez-Bueno, M. Cobo-Marcos, M. Alonso-Pulpon, L. Cubero, J.S. Sayago, I. Gonzalez-Segovia, A. Briceno, A. Subias, P.E. Hernandez, M.V. Cano, M.J.R. Sanchez, M.A.G. Jimenez, J.F.D. Garrido-Lestache, E.B. Pinilla, J.M.G. de la Villa, B.G. Sahuquillo, A. Marques, R.B. Calvo, F.T. Perez-Martinez, M.T. Gracia-Rodenas, M.R. Garrido-Bravo, I.P. Pastor-Perez, F. Pascual-Figal, D.A. Molina, B.D. Orus, J. Gonzalo, F.E. Bertomeu, V. Valero, R. Martinez-Abellan, R. Quiles, J. Rodrigez-Ortega, J.A. Mateo, I. ElAmrani, A. Fernandez-Vivancos, C. Valero, D.B. Almenar-Bonet, L. Sanchez-Lazaro, I.J. Marques-Sule, E. Facila-Rubio, L. Perez-Silvestre, J. Garcia-Gonzalez, P. Ridocci-Soriano, F. Garcia-Escriva, D. Pellicer-Cabo, A. de la Fuente Galan, L. Diaz, J.L. Platero, A.R. Arias, J.C. Blasco-Peiro, T. Julve, M.S. Sanchez-Insa, E. Aured-Guallar, C. Portoles-Ocampo, A. Melin, M. Hägglund, E. Stenberg, A. Lindahl, I.-M. Asserlund, B. Olsson, L. Dahlström, U. Afzelius, M. Karlström, P. Tengvall, L. Wiklund, P.-A. Olsson, B. Kalayci, S. Temizhan, A. Cavusoglu, Y. Gencer, E. Gunes, H. the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry Investigators Group
Abstract: Aims: This study aimed to assess age- and sex-related differences in management and 1-year risk for all-cause mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and results: Of 16 354 patients included in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry, 9428 chronic HF patients were analysed [median age: 66 years; 28.5% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 37%]. Rates of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) were high (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 85.7%, 88.7% and 58.8%, respectively). Crude GDMT utilization rates were lower in women than in men (all differences: P ≤ 0.001), and GDMT use became lower with ageing in both sexes, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT prescription; however, age >75 years was a significant predictor of GDMT underutilization. Rates of all-cause mortality were lower in women than in men (7.1% vs. 8.7%; P = 0.015), as were rates of all-cause hospitalization (21.9% vs. 27.3%; P 75 years. Conclusions: There was a decline in GDMT use with advanced age in both sexes. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT or adverse outcomes. However, age >75 years independently predicted lower GDMT use and higher all-cause mortality in patients with LVEF ≤45%. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology
Published: 2020

13. Unravelling the interplay between hyperkalaemia, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitor use and clinical outcomes. Data from 9222 chronic heart failure patients of the ESC-HFA-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Author: Rossignol, P. Lainscak, M. Crespo-Leiro, M.G. Laroche, C. Piepoli, M.F. Filippatos, G. Rosano, G.M.C. Savarese, G. Anker, S.D. Seferovic, P.M. Ruschitzka, F. Coats, A.J.S. Mebazaa, A. McDonagh, T. Sahuquillo, A. Penco, M. Maggioni, A.P. Lund, L.H. Christopher Peter Gale, G.B. Branko Beleslin, R.S. Andrzej Budaj, P.L. Ovidiu Chioncel, R.O. Nikolaos Dagres, D.E. Nicolas Danchin, F.R. David Erlinge, S.E. Jonathan Emberson, G.B. Michael Glikson, I.L. Alastair Gray, G.B. Meral Kayikcioglu, T.R. Aldo Maggioni, I.T. Klaudia Vivien Nagy, H.U. Aleksandr Nedoshivin, R.U. Anna-Sonia Petronio, I.T. Jolien Roos-Hesselink, N.L. Lars Wallentin, S.E. Uwe Zeymer, D.E. Anker, S. Mebazaa, A. Coats, A. Filippatos, G. Ferrari, R. Maggioni, A.P. Goda, A. Diez, M. Fernandez, A. Fruhwald, F. Fazlibegovic, E. Gatzov, P. Kurlianskaya, A. Hullin, R. Christodoulides, T. Hradec, J. Nielsen, O.W. Nedjar, R. Uuetoa, T. Hassanein, M. Jimenez, J.F.D. Harjola, V.P. Logeart, D. Chumburidze, V. Tousoulis, D. Milicic, D. Merkely, B. O'Donoghue, E. Amir, O. Shotan, A. Shafie, D. Metra, M. Matsumori, A. Mirrakhimov, E. Kavoliuniene, A. Erglis, A. Vataman, E. Otljanska, M. Kostovska, E.S. DeMarco, D.C. Drozdz, J. Fonseca, C. Chioncel, O. Dekleva, M. Shkolnik, E. Dahlstrom, U. Lainscak, M. Goncalvesova, E. Temizhan, A. Estrago, V. Bajraktari, G. Auer, J. Ablasser, K. Fruhwald, F. Dolze, T. Brandner, K. Gstrein, S. Poelzl, G. Moertl, D. Reiter, S. Podczeck-Schweighofer, A. Muslibegovic, A. Vasilj, M. Fazlibegovic, E. Cesko, M. Zelenika, D. Palic, B. Pravdic, D. Cuk, D. Vitlianova, K. Katova, T. Velikov, T. Kurteva, T. Gatzov, P. Kamenova, D. Antova, M. Sirakova, V. Krejci, J. Mikolaskova, M. Spinar, J. Krupicka, J. Malek, F. Hegarova, M. Lazarova, M. Monhart, Z. Hassanein, M. Sobhy, M. El Messiry, F. El Shazly, A.H. Elrakshy, Y. Youssef, A. Moneim, A.A. Noamany, M. Reda, A. Dayem, T.K.A. Farag, N. Halawa, S.I. Hamid, M.A. Said, K. Saleh, A. Ebeid, H. Hanna, R. Aziz, R. Louis, O. Enen, M.A. Ibrahim, B.S. Nasr, G. Elbahry, A. Sobhy, H. Ashmawy, M. Gouda, M. Aboleineen, W. Bernard, Y. Luporsi, P. Meneveau, N. Pillot, M. Morel, M. Seronde, M.-F. Schiele, F. Briand, F. Delahaye, F. Damy, T. Eicher, J.-C. de Groote, P. Fertin, M. Lamblin, N. Isnard, R. Lefol, C. Thevenin, S. Hagege, A. Jondeau, G. Logeart, D. Le Marcis, V. Ly, J.-F. Coisne, D. Lequeux, B. Le Moal, V. Mascle, S. Lotton, P. Behar, N. Donal, E. Thebault, C. Ridard, C. Reynaud, A. Basquin, A. Bauer, F. Codjia, R. Galinier, M. Tourikis, P. Stavroula, M. Tousoulis, D. Stefanadis, C. Chrysohoou, C. Kotrogiannis, I. Matzaraki, V. Dimitroula, T. Karavidas, A. Tsitsinakis, G. Kapelios, C. Nanas, J. Kampouri, H. Nana, E. Kaldara, E. Eugenidou, A. Vardas, P. Saloustros, I. Patrianakos, A. Tsaknakis, T. Evangelou, S. Nikoloulis, N. Tziourganou, H. Tsaroucha, A. Papadopoulou, A. Douras, A. Polgar, L. Kosztin, A. Nyolczas, N. Nagy, A.C. Halmosi, R. Elber, J. Alony, I. Shotan, A. Fuhrmann, A.V. Amir, O. Romano, S. Marcon, S. Penco, M. Di Mauro, M. Lemme, E. Carubelli, V. Rovetta, R. Bulgari, M. Quinzani, F. Lombardi, C. Bosi, S. Schiavina, G. Squeri, A. Barbieri, A. Di Tano, G. Pirelli, S. Ferrari, R. Fucili, A. Passero, T. Musio, S. Di Biase, M. Correale, M. Salvemini, G. Brognoli, S. Zanelli, E. Giordano, A. Agostoni, P. Italiano, G. Salvioni, E. Copelli, S. Modena, M.G. Reggianini, L. Valenti, C. Olaru, A. Bandino, S. Deidda, M. Mercuro, G. Dessalvi, C.C. Marino, P.N. Di Ruocco, M.V. Sartori, C. Piccinino, C. Parrinello, G. Licata, G. Torres, D. Giambanco, S. Busalacchi, S. Arrotti, S. Novo, S. Inciardi, R.M. Pieri, P. Chirco, P.R. Galifi, M.A. Teresi, G. Buccheri, D. Minacapelli, A. Veniani, M. Frisinghelli, A. Priori, S.G. Cattaneo, S. Opasich, C. Gualco, A. Pagliaro, M. Mancone, M. Fedele, F. Cinque, A. Vellini, M. Scarfo, I. Romeo, F. Ferraiuolo, F. Sergi, D. Anselmi, M. Melandri, F. Leci, E. Iori, E. Bovolo, V. Pidello, S. Frea, S. Bergerone, S. Botta, M. Canavosio, F.G. Gaita, F. Merlo, M. Cinquetti, M. Sinagra, G. Ramani, F. Fabris, E. Stolfo, D. Artico, J. Miani, D. Fresco, C. Daneluzzi, C. Proclemer, A. Cicoira, M. Zanolla, L. Marchese, G. Torelli, F. Vassanelli, C. Voronina, N. Tamakauskas, V. Smalinskas, V. Karaliute, R. Petraskiene, I. Kazakauskaite, E. Rumbinaite, E. Kavoliuniene, A. Vysniauskas, V. Brazyte-Ramanauskiene, R. Petraskiene, D. Stankala, S. Switala, P. Juszczyk, Z. Sinkiewicz, W. Gilewski, W. Pietrzak, J. Orzel, T. Kasztelowicz, P. Kardaszewicz, P. Lazorko-Piega, M. Gabryel, J. Mosakowska, K. Bellwon, J. Rynkiewicz, A. Raczak, G. Lewicka, E. Dabrowska-Kugacka, A. Bartkowiak, R. Sosnowska-Pasiarska, B. Wozakowska-Kaplon, B. Krzeminski, A. Zabojszcz, M. Mirek-Bryniarska, E. Grzegorzko, A. Bury, K. Nessler, J. Zalewski, J. Furman, A. Broncel, M. Poliwczak, A. Bala, A. Zycinski, P. Rudzinska, M. Jankowski, L. Kasprzak, J.D. Michalak, L. Soska, K.W. Drozdz, J. Huziuk, I. Retwinski, A. Flis, P. Weglarz, J. Bodys, A. Grajek, S. Kaluzna-Oleksy, M. Straburzynska-Migaj, E. Dankowski, R. Szymanowska, K. Grabia, J. Szyszka, A. Nowicka, A. Samcik, M. Wolniewicz, L. Baczynska, K. Komorowska, K. Poprawa, I. Komorowska, E. Sajnaga, D. Zolbach, A. Dudzik-Plocica, A. Abdulkarim, A.-F. Lauko-Rachocka, A. Kaminski, L. Kostka, A. Cichy, A. Ruszkowski, P. Splawski, M. Fitas, G. Szymczyk, A. Serwicka, A. Fiega, A. Zysko, D. Krysiak, W. Szabowski, S. Skorek, E. Pruszczyk, P. Bienias, P. Ciurzynski, M. Welnicki, M. Mamcarz, A. Folga, A. Zielinski, T. Rywik, T. Leszek, P. Sobieszczanska-Malek, M. Piotrowska, M. Kozar-Kaminska, K. Komuda, K. Wisniewska, J. Tarnowska, A. Balsam, P. Marchel, M. Opolski, G. Kaplon-Cieslicka, A. Gil, R.J. Mozenska, O. Byczkowska, K. Gil, K. Pawlak, A. Michalek, A. Krzesinski, P. Piotrowicz, K. Uzieblo-Zyczkowska, B. Stanczyk, A. Skrobowski, A. Ponikowski, P. Jankowska, E. Rozentryt, P. Polonski, L. Gadula-Gacek, E. Nowalany-Kozielska, E. Kuczaj, A. Kalarus, Z. Szulik, M. Przybylska, K. Klys, J. Prokop-Lewicka, G. Kleinrok, A. Aguiar, C.T. Ventosa, A. Pereira, S. Faria, R. Chin, J. De Jesus, I. Santos, R. Silva, P. Moreno, N. Queirós, C. Lourenço, C. Pereira, A. Castro, A. Andrade, A. Guimaraes, T.O. Martins, S. Placido, R. Lima, G. Brito, D. Francisco, A.R. Cardiga, R. Proenca, M. Araujo, I. Marques, F. Fonseca, C. Moura, B. Leite, S. Campelo, M. Silva-Cardoso, J. Rodrigues, J. Rangel, I. Martins, E. Correia, A.S. Peres, M. Marta, L. da Silva, G.F. Severino, D. Durao, D. Leao, S. Magalhaes, P. Moreira, I. Cordeiro, A.F. Ferreira, C. Araujo, C. Ferreira, A. Baptista, A. Radoi, M. Bicescu, G. Vinereanu, D. Sinescu, C.-J. Macarie, C. Popescu, R. Daha, I. Dan, G.-A. Stanescu, C. Dan, A. Craiu, E. Nechita, E. Aursulesei, V. Christodorescu, R. Otasevic, P. Seferovic, P.M. Simeunovic, D. Ristic, A.D. Celic, V. Pavlovic-Kleut, M. Lazic, J.S. Stojcevski, B. Pencic, B. Stevanovic, A. Andric, A. Simić, D. Ašanin, M. Iric-Cupic, V. Jovic, M. Davidovic, G. Milanov, S. Mitic, V. Atanaskovic, V. Antic, S. Pavlovic, M. Stanojevic, D. Stoickov, V. Ilic, S. Ilic, M.D. Petrovic, D. Stojsic, S. Kecojevic, S. Dodic, S. Adic, N.C. Cankovic, M. Stojiljkovic, J. Mihajlovic, B. Radin, A. Radovanovic, S. Krotin, M. Klabnik, A. Goncalvesova, E. Pernicky, M. Murin, J. Kovar, F. Kmec, J. Semjanova, H. Strasek, M. Iskra, M.S. Ravnikar, T. Suligoj, N.C. Komel, J. Fras, Z. Jug, B. Glavic, T. Losic, R. Bombek, M. Krajnc, I. Krunic, B. Horvat, S. Kovac, D. Rajtman, D. Cencic, V. Letonja, M. Winkler, R. Valentincic, M. Melihen-Bartolic, C. Bartolic, A. Vrckovnik, M.P. Kladnik, M. Pusnik, C.S. Marolt, A. Klen, J. Drnovsek, B. Leskovar, B. Anguita, M.J.F. Page, J.C.G. Martinez, F.M.S. Andres, J. Bayes-Genis, A. Mirabet, S. Mendez, A. Garcia-Cosio, L. Roig, E. Leon, V. Gonzalez-Costello, J. Muntane, G. Garay, A. Alcade-Martinez, V. Fernandez, S.L. Rivera-Lopez, R. Puga-Martinez, M. Fernandez-Alvarez, M. Serrano-Martinez, J.L. Grille-Cancela, Z. Marzoa-Rivas, R. Blanco-Canosa, P. Paniagua-Martin, M.J. Barge-Caballero, E. Cerdena, I.L. Baldomero, I.F.H. Padron, A.L. Rosillo, S.O. Gonzalez-Gallarza, R.D. Montanes, O.S. Manjavacas, A.M.I. Conde, A.C. Araujo, A. Soria, T. Garcia-Pavia, P. Gomez-Bueno, M. Cobo-Marcos, M. Alonso-Pulpon, L. Cubero, J.S. Sayago, I. Gonzalez-Segovia, A. Briceno, A. Subias, P.E. Hernandez, M.V. Cano, M.J.R. Sanchez, M.A.G. Jimenez, J.F.D. Garrido-Lestache, E.B. Pinilla, J.M.G. de la Villa, B.G. Sahuquillo, A. Marques, R.B. Calvo, F.T. Perez-Martinez, M.T. Gracia-Rodenas, M.R. Garrido-Bravo, I.P. Pastor-Perez, F. Pascual-Figal, D.A. Molina, B.D. Orus, J. Gonzalo, F.E. Bertomeu, V. Valero, R. Martinez-Abellan, R. Quiles, J. Rodrigez-Ortega, J.A. Mateo, I. ElAmrani, A. Fernandez-Vivancos, C. Valero, D.B. Almenar-Bonet, L. Sanchez-Lazaro, I.J. Marques-Sule, E. Facila-Rubio, L. Perez-Silvestre, J. Garcia-Gonzalez, P. Ridocci-Soriano, F. Garcia-Escriva, D. Pellicer-Cabo, A. de la Fuente Galan, L. Diaz, J.L. Platero, A.R. Arias, J.C. Blasco-Peiro, T. Julve, M.S. Sanchez-Insa, E. Aured-Guallar, C. Portoles-Ocampo, A. Melin, M. Hägglund, E. Stenberg, A. Lindahl, I.-M. Asserlund, B. Olsson, L. Dahlström, U. Afzelius, M. Karlström, P. Tengvall, L. Olsson, B. Kalayci, S. Temizhan, A. Cavusoglu, Y. Gencer, E. Yilmaz, M.B. Gunes, H.
Subjects: cardiovascular diseases
Abstract: Aims: We assessed the interplay between hyperkalaemia (HK) and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) use, dose and discontinuation, and their association with all-cause or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that HK-associated increased death may be related to RAASi withdrawal. Methods and results: The ESC-HFA-EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry was used. Among 9222 outpatients (HF with reduced ejection fraction: 60.6%, HF with mid-range ejection fraction: 22.9%, HF with preserved ejection fraction: 16.5%) from 31 countries, 16.6% had HK (≥5.0 mmol/L) at baseline. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was used in 88.3%, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) in 58.7%, or a combination in 53.2%; of these, at ≥50% of target dose in ACEi: 61.8%; ARB: 64.7%; and MRA: 90.3%. At a median follow-up of 12.2 months, there were 789 deaths (8.6%). Both hypokalaemia and HK were independently. associated with higher mortality, and ACEi/ARB prescription at baseline with lower mortality. MRA prescription was not retained in the model. In multivariable analyses, HK at baseline was independently associated with MRA non-prescription at baseline and subsequent discontinuation. When considering subsequent discontinuation of RAASi (instead of baseline use), HK was no longer found associated with all-cause deaths. Importantly, all RAASi (ACEi, ARB, or MRA) discontinuations were strongly associated with mortality. Conclusions: In HF, hyper- and hypokalaemia were associated with mortality. However, when adjusting for RAASi discontinuation, HK was no longer associated with mortality, suggesting that HK may be a risk marker for RAASi discontinuation rather than a risk factor for worse outcomes. © 2020 European Society of Cardiology
Published: 2020

14. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, C.J.L., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K.M., Abbasi, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, P., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Aboyans, V., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu Haimed, A.K., Abushouk, A.I., Acebedo, A., Ackerman, I.N., Adabi, M., Adamu, A.A., Adebayo, O.M., Adelson, J.D., Adetokunboh, O.O., Afarideh, M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, G., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmadi, M., Ahmed, M.B., Aji, B., Akinyemiju, T., Akombi, B., Alahdab, F., Alam, K., Alanezi, F.M., Alanzi, T.M., Albertson, S.B., Alemu, B.W., Alemu, Y.M., Alhabib, K.F., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alipour, V., Alizade, H., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Almadi, M.A.H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Almulhim, A.M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Altirkawi, K.A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, B., Amare, A.T, Amini, S., Amit, A.M.L., Amugsi, D.A., Anbesu, E.W., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J.A., Andrei, T., Andrei, C.L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C.A.T., Antony, C.M., Anvari, D., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aravkin, A.Y., Arba, A.A.K., Aripov, T., Ärnlöv, J., Arowosegbe, O.O., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Atout, M.M.W., Ausloos, M., Ausloos, F., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M.A., Azari, S., Azene, Z.N., Babaee, E., Badawi, A., Badiye, A.D., Bagherzadeh, M., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S.M., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Baraki, A.G., Barker-Collo, S.L., Basaleem, H., Basu, S., Baune, B.T., Bayati, M., Baye, B.A., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M.L., Bensenor, I.M., Berhe, K., Berman, A.E., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhala, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z.A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Bisignano, C., Biswas, R.K., Bjørge, T., Bohlouli, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R.R., Boloor, A., Bose, D., Boufous, S., Brady, O.J., Braithwaite, D., Brauer, M., Breitborde, N.J.K, Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Briant, P.S., Briggs, A.M., Britton, G.B., Brugha, T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F.L., Cámera, L.L.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J.C., Car, J., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J.M., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Causey, K., Cederroth, C.R., Cercy, K.M., Cerin, E., Chandan, J.S., Chang, J-C, Charan, J., Charlson, F. J., Chattu, V.K., Chaturvedi, S., Cherbuin, N., Chin, K.L., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Cho, D.Y., Choi, J-Y.J., Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Chung, M.T., Cicuttini, F.M., Cirillo, M., Cislaghi, B., Cohen, A.J., Compton, K., Corso, B., Cortesi, P.A., Costa, V.M., Cousin, E., Cowden, R.G., Cross, M., Crowe, C.S., Cummins, S., Dai, H., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A.M., Das, J.K., Das Gupta, R., das Neves, J., Davey, G., Dávila-Cervantes, C.A., Davis, A.C., De Leo, D., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Deribe, K., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Deuba, K., Dhungana, G.P., Dianatinasab, M., Diaz, D., Dichgans, M., Didarloo, A., Dippenaar, I.N., Dokova, K., Dolecek, C., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, P.P., Doshi, C.P., Doshmangir, L., Doxey, M.C., Driscoll, T.R., Duncan, B.B., Eagan, A.W., Ebrahimi, H., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Edvardsson, D., Ehrlich, J.R., Elbarazi, I., Elgendy, I.Y., El-Jaafary, S.I., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elsharkawy, A., El Tantawi, M., Elyazar, I.R.F., Emamian, M.H., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Fanzo, J., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V.L, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Ferrari, A.J., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J.L., Fitzgerald, R., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Fomenkov, A.A., Foroutan, M., Franklin, R.C., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J.M., Gad, M.M., Gaidhane, A.M., Gakidou, E., Gallus, S., Gardner, W.M., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebremedhin, K.B., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebresillassie, B.M., Geramo, Y.C.D., Gesesew, H.A., Gething, P.W., Gezae, K.E., Ghadiri, K., Ghaffarifar, F., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Giampaoli, S., Gill, P.S., Gillum, R.F., Ginawi, I.A., Giussani, G., Gnedovskaya, E.V., Godinho, M.A., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gopalani, S.V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B.N.G., Goulart, A.C., Grada, A., Greaves, F., Gudi, N., Guimarães, R.A., Guo, Y., Gupta, S.S., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J.A., Hachinski, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, L.M., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R.R., Hamidi, S., Han, C., Hankey, G.J., Haro, J.M., Hasaballah, A.I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S.I., Hayat, K., Henok, A., Henry, N.J., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H.C., Hole, M.K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hopf, K.P., Hosgood, H.D., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hoy, D.G., Hu, G., Huda, T.M., Hugo, F.N., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I., Ibeneme, C.U., Ibitoye, S.E., Ikuta, K.S., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Inbaraj, L.R., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S.S.N., Islam, M.M., Islam, S.M.S., Iso, H., Iwu, C.C.D., Jaafari, J., Jahagirdar, D., Jahani, M.A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Jalilian, F., Janodia, M.D., Javaheri, T., Jenabi, E., Jha, R.P., Jha, V., Ji, J.S., Johnson, C.O., Jonas, J.B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalani, R., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karim, M.A., Karimi, S.E., Kasa, A.S., Kassebaum, N. 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M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Maleki, S., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D.C., Mamun, A.A., Manguerra, H., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M.A., Mantilla Herrera, A.M., Martini, S., Martins-Melo, F.R., Martopullo, I., Masoumi, S.Z., Massenburg, B.B., Mathur, M.R., Maulik, P.K., Mazidi, M., McAlinden, C., McGrath, J.J., McKee, M., Mehndiratta, M.M., Mehri, F., Mehta, K.M., Melese, A., Memish, Z.A., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R.G., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J., Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Michalek, I.M., Milne, G.J., Miri, M., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E.M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Misganaw, A.T., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohajer, B., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammad, D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A.H., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Mooney, M.D., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morawska, L., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Morrison, S.D., Mosapour, A., Mosser, J.F., Mousavi, S.M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U.O., Mullany, E.C., Musa, K.I., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naghavi, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Naimzada, M.D., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nayak, V.C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R.I., Netsere, H.B.N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nguyen, D.N., Nguyen, H.L.T., Nichols, E., Nigatu, Y.T., Nikbakhsh, R., Nixon, M.R., Nnaji, C.A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J.J., Nowak, C., Nsoesie, E.O., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F.A., Oghenetega, O.B., Okunga, E.W., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, J.O., Olusanya, B.O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M.O., Ong, S., Ong, K.L., Onwujekwe, O.E., Oren, E., Ortiz, A., Ostroff, S.M., Oţoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S.S., Øverland, S., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Parmar, P.G.K., Pathak, M., Patton, G.C., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Peden, A.E., Pepito, V.C.F., Peprah, E.K., Pereira, D.M., Pereira, A., Pereira, J., Perico, N., Pescarini, J.M., Pham, H.Q., Phillips, M.R., Piccinelli, C., Pilz, T.M., Pinheiro, M., Piradov, M.A., Pirsaheb, M., Pishgar, F., Pond, C.D., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Prada, S.I., Prasad, N., Pribadi, D.R.A., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, N., Rabiee, M., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahman, M.A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C.L., Ranta, A., Rao, S.J., Rao, P.C., Rasella, D., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D.L., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Rawat, R., Razo, C., Regassa, L.D., Reitsma, M.B., Remuzzi, G., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A.M.N., Resnikoff, S., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M.S., Rezapour, A., Rhinehart, P-A, Riahi, S.M., Ribeiro, A.L.P., Ribeiro, D.C., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romoli, M., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S.F., Rwegerera, G.M., Saadatagah, S., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P.S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, M., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M.A., Sajadi, S.M., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J.A., Salz, I., Samad, Z., Samadi Kafil, H., Samy, A.M., Sanabria, J., Santomauro, D.F., Santric-Milicevic, M.M., Saraswathy, S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Schaeffer, L.E, Schiavolin, S., Schmidt, M.I., Schutte, A.E., Schwebel, D.C., Schwendicke, F., Sepanlou, S.G., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shaheen, A.A., Shaikh, M.A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, K., Sharara, F., Sheikh, A., Shetty, B.S.K., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, M-J, Shin, J.I., Shiri, R., Shivakumar, K.M., Shrime, M.G., Shuval, K., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D.A.S., Silva, J.P., Simonetti, B., Singh, J.A., Singh, P., Singh, A., Sinha, D.N., Skryabin, V.Y., Sliwa, K., Smith, E.U.R., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Somefun, O.D., Sorensen, R.J.D, Soriano, J.B., Sorrie, M.B., Soyiri, I.N., Sreeramareddy, C.T., Sripada, K., Stanaway, J.D., Ştefan, S.C., Stein, D.J., Steiner, C., Stokes, M.A., Stranges, S., Suchdev, P.S., Sudaryanto, A., Sufiyan, M.B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R., Sulo, G., Swope, C.B., Sylte, D.O., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Tadakamadla, S.K., Taddele, B.W., Taherkhani, A., Tahir, Z., Tamiru, A.T., Tang, M., Tareque, M.I., Tefera, Y.G.G., Tela, F.G.G., Temsah, M-H, Terrason, S., Thakur, B., Thankappan, K.R., Thapar, R., Thomas, N., Titova, M.V., Tlou, B., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Torre, A.E., Touvier, M., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Tran, B.X., Travillian, R., Uddin, R., Ullah, I., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vacante, M., Vaicekonyte, R., Valdez, P.R., Valli, A., Vasankari, T.J., Vasseghian, Y., Venketasubramanian, N., Vidale, S., Violante, F.S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S.E., Vongpradith, A., Vu, G.T., W/hawariat, F.G., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, F., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Y-P, Watson, A., Wei, J., Weintraub, R.G., Weiss, J., Welay, F.T., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H.A., Wiangkham, T., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wilner, L.B., Wojtyniak, B., Wolfe, C.D.A., Wondmeneh, T.G., Wu, A-M, Wu, C., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H.Y., Xie, Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H., Yamagishi, K., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yearwood, J.A., Yeheyis, T.Y., Yeshitila, Y.Gi., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S-J, Younis, M.Z., Younker, T.P., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Yuce, D., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, S.S., Zaman, S.B., Zamanian, M., Zangeneh, A., Zarafshan, H., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zewdie, K.A., Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X-J.G., Zhao, Y., Zheleva, B., Zheng, P., Zhu, C., Ziapour, A., Zimsen, S.R.M., Lopez, A.D., Vos, T., and Lim, S.S.
Abstract: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.
Published: 2020

15. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000-18: a geospatial analysis.

Author: Hole M.K., Ilic M.D., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S., Kasaeian A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kayode G.A., Kelbore A.G., Khafaie M.A., Khalilov R., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khodayari M., Kim Y.J., King J.D., Kinyoki D.K., Kianipour N., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Levine A.J., Li S., Maleki S., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Meitei W.B., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Munro S.B., Mupfasoni D., Muthupandian S., mwingira U.J., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Olagunju A.T., Omar Bali A., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Pasupula D., Pigott D.M., Shirude S., Hill E., Donkers K.M., Pirsaheb M., Pourjafar H., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Reta M.A., Ribeiro A.I., Rostami A., Sabesan S., Sadeghi E., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Schaeffer L.E., Shaikh M.A., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Sharifi H., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Soheili A., Spotin A., Stolk W.A., Tesfay B.E., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Vasseghian Y., Violante F.S., Vinkeles Melchers N.V.S., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zangeneh A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Deshpande A., Miller-Petrie M.K., Johnson K.B., Abdoli A., Abrigo M.R.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adinarayanan S., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M.B., Akalu T.Y., Alanezi T.M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Amit A.M.L., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andualem Z., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Appiah S., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Badirzadeh A., Baig A.A., Banach M., Baraki A.G., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bockarie M.J., Bisanzio D., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Cano J., Carvalho F., Chattu V.K., Chavshin C., Cormier N.M., Cromwell E.A., Schmidt C.A., Kwong K.T., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Deribe K., Dessu B., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Do H.T., Earl L., El Tantawi M., Faraj A., Fattahi N., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Guo Y., Hailu G.B., Hasaballah A.I., Hassankhani H., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Hon J., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Humayun A., Ilesanmi O.S., Hole M.K., Ilic M.D., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S., Kasaeian A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kayode G.A., Kelbore A.G., Khafaie M.A., Khalilov R., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khodayari M., Kim Y.J., King J.D., Kinyoki D.K., Kianipour N., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Levine A.J., Li S., Maleki S., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Meitei W.B., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Munro S.B., Mupfasoni D., Muthupandian S., mwingira U.J., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Olagunju A.T., Omar Bali A., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Pasupula D., Pigott D.M., Shirude S., Hill E., Donkers K.M., Pirsaheb M., Pourjafar H., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Reta M.A., Ribeiro A.I., Rostami A., Sabesan S., Sadeghi E., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Schaeffer L.E., Shaikh M.A., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Sharifi H., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Soheili A., Spotin A., Stolk W.A., Tesfay B.E., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Vasseghian Y., Violante F.S., Vinkeles Melchers N.V.S., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zangeneh A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Deshpande A., Miller-Petrie M.K., Johnson K.B., Abdoli A., Abrigo M.R.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adinarayanan S., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M.B., Akalu T.Y., Alanezi T.M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Amit A.M.L., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andualem Z., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Appiah S., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Badirzadeh A., Baig A.A., Banach M., Baraki A.G., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bockarie M.J., Bisanzio D., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Cano J., Carvalho F., Chattu V.K., Chavshin C., Cormier N.M., Cromwell E.A., Schmidt C.A., Kwong K.T., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Deribe K., Dessu B., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Do H.T., Earl L., El Tantawi M., Faraj A., Fattahi N., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Guo Y., Hailu G.B., Hasaballah A.I., Hassankhani H., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Hon J., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Humayun A., and Ilesanmi O.S.
Abstract: Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection. Method(s): A global dataset of georeferenced surveyed locations was used to model annual 2000-18 lymphatic filariasis prevalence for 73 current or previously endemic countries. We applied Bayesian model-based geostatistics and time series methods to generate spatially continuous estimates of global all-age 2000-18 prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection mapped at a resolution of 5 km2 and aggregated to estimate total number of individuals infected. Finding(s): We used 14 927 datapoints to fit the geospatial models. An estimated 199 million total individuals (95% uncertainty interval 174-234 million) worldwide were infected with lymphatic filariasis in 2000, with totals for WHO regions ranging from 3.1 million (1.6-5.7 million) in the region of the Americas to 107 million (91-134 million) in the South-East Asia region. By 2018, an estimated 51 million individuals (43-63 million) were infected. Broad declines in prevalence are observed globally, but focal areas in Africa and southeast Asia remain less likely to have attained infection prevalence thresholds proposed to achieve local elimination. Interpretation(s): Although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection has declined since 2000, MDA is still necessary across large populations in Africa and Asia. Our mapped estimates can be used to identify areas where the probability of meeting infection thresholds is low
Published: 2020

16. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle 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Abstract: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2020

17. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Shetty B.S.K., Stein C., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultan I., Szumowski L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Taddele B.W., Tadesse D.B., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Teagle W.L., Tediosi F., Tefera Y.G.G., Tela F.G., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Tovani-Palone M.R.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Vacante M., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vongpradith A., Vos T., Waheed Y., Walters M.K., Wamai R.G., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Weintraub R.G., Weiss J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wilner L.B., Woldu G., Wolfe C.D.A., Wu A.-M., Wulf Hanson S., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J.A., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zastrozhin M.S., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zlavog B.S., Zodpey S., Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Fullman N., Mumford J.E., Knight M., Barthelemy C.M., Abbafati C., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu Haimed A.K., Abushouk A.I., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adelson J., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Aghamir S.M.K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Akinyemi R.O., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Albertson S.B., Alemu Y.M., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Almadi M.A.H., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Almulhim A.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amini 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Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rashedi V., Rath G.K., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razo C., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D.C., Rickard J., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi M., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Salomon J., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Savic M., Sawyer S.M., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M.I., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharara F., Sharifi H., Shaw D.H., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., 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P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vongpradith A., Vos T., Waheed Y., Walters M.K., Wamai R.G., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Weintraub R.G., Weiss J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wilner L.B., Woldu G., Wolfe C.D.A., Wu A.-M., Wulf Hanson S., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J.A., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zastrozhin M.S., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zlavog B.S., Zodpey S., Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Fullman N., Mumford J.E., Knight M., Barthelemy C.M., Abbafati C., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu Haimed A.K., Abushouk A.I., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adelson J., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Aghamir S.M.K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Akinyemi R.O., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Albertson S.B., Alemu Y.M., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Almadi M.A.H., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Almulhim A.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antonio C.A.T., Antony C.M., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Anwer R., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aravkin A.Y., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Athari S.S., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Aynalem G.L., Ayza M.A., Azari S., Azzopardi P.S., B D.B., Babaee E., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhshaei M.H., Bakhtiari A., Bakkannavar S.M., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Bante A.B., Bante S.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Bassat Q., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Beghi E., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berman A.E., Bernabe E., Bernstein R.S., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bilano V., Biondi A., Birihane B.M., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Bolla S.R.R., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Braithwaite D., Briggs A.M., Briko N.I., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cederroth C.R., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang A.Y., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chin K.L., Cho D.Y., Choi J.-Y.J., Christensen H., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Compton K., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Cousin E., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darega Gela J., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Dervenis N., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Dippenaar I.N., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duncan B.B., Duraes A.R., Eagan A.W., Edvardsson D., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., Elyazar I.R., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esteghamati A., Ezekannagha O., Farag T., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Farioli A., Faris P.S., Faro A., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fu W., Fukumoto T., Furtado J.M., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gakidou E., Galles N.C., Gallus S., Gardner W.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremeskel L.G., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Ginindza T.G., Gitimoghaddam M., Giussani G., Glagn M., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Goharinezhad S., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzian A.H., Goulart B.N.G., Gubari M.I.M., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Gultie T., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hafiz A., Haile T.G., Hamadeh R.R., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Han C., Han H., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Havmoeller R.J., Hay S.I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Hendrie D., Herteliu C., Hird T.R., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hopf K.P., Horita N., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsieh V.C.-R., Hu G., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ikeda N., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Irvine C.M.S., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Islami F., Iso H., Iwu C.J., Jaafari J., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jafarinia M., Jahagirdar D., Jahani M.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Janjani H., Javaheri T., Jayatilleke A.U., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jia P., John-Akinola Y.O., Jonas J.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A.M., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karanikolos M., Karimi S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Katikireddi S.V., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kivimaki M., Kneib C.J., Kocarnik J.M., Kochhar S., Kohler S., Kopec J.A., Korotkova A.V., Korshunov V.A., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krohn K.J., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lau K.M.-M., Lauriola P., Lazarus J.V., Ledesma J.R., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Li S., Lim S.S., Lim L.-L., Liu X., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lopukhov P.D., Lotufo P.A., Lu A., Ma J., Madadin M., Mahasha P.W., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., Massenburg B.B., Mastrogiacomo C.I., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehrotra R., Mekonnen T., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mensah G.A., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mitchell P.B., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mosser J.F., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Muriithi M.K., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Neupane S., Ngari K.N., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nnaji C.A., Nomura S., Norheim O.F., Noubiap J.J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Otoiu A., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Okunga E.W., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Omar Bali A., Omer M.O., Ong K.L., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V.V., Ortiz A., Ostojic S.M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Overland S., Owolabi M.O., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pangaribuan H.U., Pathak M., Patton G.C., Paudel S., Pazoki Toroudi H., Pease S.A., Peden A.E., Pennini A., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pigott D.M., Pilgrim T., Pilz T.M., Pinheiro M., Piradov M.A., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Pourshams A., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rashedi V., Rath G.K., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razo C., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D.C., Rickard J., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi M., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Salomon J., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Savic M., Sawyer S.M., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M.I., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharara F., Sharifi H., Shaw D.H., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K.M., Shrime M.G., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sierpinski R., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Simonetti B., Simpson K.E., Singh J.A., Singh P., Sinha D.N., Skryabin V.Y., Smith E.U.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Soofi M., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stanaway J.D., and Steel N.
Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Method(s): Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>=65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UH
Published: 2020

18. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony 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Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., and Shamsizadeh M.
Abstract: Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Method(s): 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a B
Published: 2020

19. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17.

Author: Sathish T., Tesfay B.E., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Toma A., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M.S., Uzochukwu B.S.C., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Violante F.S., Vollmer S., Whawariat F.G., Waheed Y., Wallin M.T., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weaver M., Weji B.G., Weldesamuel G.T., Welgan C.A., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiysonge C.S., Wolde H.F., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Worku G.T., Wu A.-M., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamada T., Yatsuya H., Yeshaneh A., Yilgwan C.S., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yousefifard M., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zaidi Z., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zepro N.B., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., Zuniga Y.M.H., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Singh A., Wiens K.E., Lindstedt P.A., Blacker B.F., Johnson K.B., Baumann M.M., Schaeffer L.E., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Abegaz K.H., Abejie A.N., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abualhasan A., Accrombessi M.M.K., Acharya D., Adabi M., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adedoyin R.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adhena B.M., Afarideh M., Ahmad S., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Ahmed M.B., Ahmed R., Akalu T.Y., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam N., Alam S., Alamene G.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Ali B.A., Alijanzadeh M., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amini S., Amit A.M.L., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Anoushiravani A., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Antony B., Antriyandarti E., Arabloo J., Aref H.M.A., Aremu O., Armoon B., Arora A., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atalay H.T., Athari S.S., Athari S.M., Atre S.R., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Azzopardi P.S., Babaee E., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Balakrishnan S., Bali A.G., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bay V.D., Bayati M., Baye E., Bedi N., Beheshti M., Behzadifar M., Bekele B.B., Belayneh Y.M., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Berbada D.A., Bernstein R.S., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhaumik S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birihane B.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Boufous S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Britton G.B., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cano J., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Chanie W.F., Chatterjee P., Chattu V.K., Chichiabellu T.Y., Chin K.L., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cormier N.M., Costa V.M., Culquichicon C., Daba M.S., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dang A.K., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Das Gupta R.D., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Davitoiu D.V., De la Hoz F.P., Demis A.B., Demissie D.B., Demissie G.D., Demoz G.T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Doyle K.E., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Nahas N., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elkout H., Elsharkawy A., Elyazar I.R.F., Endalamaw A., Endalew D.A., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Etemadi A., Ezekannagha O., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farzadfar F., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gayesa R.T., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Ghimire P.R., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Ginindza T.G., Gomes N.G., Gopalani S.V., Goulart A.C., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile D.H., Hailu G.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Haririan H., Hariyani N., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Hegazy M.I., Heibati B., Heidari B., Hendrie D., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Hidru H.D.D., Hird T.R., Hoang C.L., Homaie Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hoseini M., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Hussen M.M., Ibitoye S.E., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Imani-Nasab M.H., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Izadi N., Jaca A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kalani H., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karim M.A., Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki H., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G.G., Kasahun Y.C., Kasaye H.K., Kassa G.G., Kassa G.M., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kebede M.M., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Kengne A.P., Ketema D.B., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khan M.S., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kiadaliri A., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Shivakumar K.M., Kochhar S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar V., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lamichhane P., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Leili M., Lenjebo T.L., Leshargie C.T., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Longbottom J., Lopez J.C.F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad DR., Mahasha P.W., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Manda A.L., Manohar N.D.D., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Maravilla J.C., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mathur M.R., Mayala B.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehta K.M., Mekonnen T.C., Meles G.G., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mereta S.T., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Mihretie K.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadifard N., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moore C.E., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morales L., Moreno Velasquez I., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mozaffor M., Muchie K.F., Mulaw G.F., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naidoo K.S., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nascimento B.R., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Netsere H.B., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu D., Nigatu S.G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nojomi M., Nong V.M., Norheim O.F., Noubiap J.J., Nouraei Motlagh S., Oancea B., Ogah O.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak A., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pereira A., Perico N., Pervaiz A., Pescarini J.M., Piroozi B., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prada S.I., Prasad N., Preotescu L., Quintana H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Rahman S., Rajati F., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rasella D., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawasia W.F., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios-Blancas M., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roro E.M., Ross J.M., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Saad A.M., Sabde Y.D., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Safari-Faramani R., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salam N., Salamati P., Salem H., Salem M.R., Salimi Y., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Sao Jose B.P., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarkar K., Sarker A.R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saxena S., Schwebel D.C., Senbeta A.M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Servan-Mori E., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shallo S.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi H., Shehata H.S., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shifti D.M., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Singh N.P., Singh V., Sisay M.M., Skiadaresi E., Sobhiyeh M.R., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Somayaji R., Soofi M., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultana M., Sunguya B.F., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadesse D.B., Tarigan I.U., Tasew A.A., Tefera Y.M., Tekle M.G., Temsah M., Sathish T., Tesfay B.E., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Toma A., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Usman M.S., Uzochukwu B.S.C., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Violante F.S., Vollmer S., Whawariat F.G., Waheed Y., Wallin M.T., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weaver M., Weji B.G., Weldesamuel G.T., Welgan C.A., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiysonge C.S., Wolde H.F., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Worku G.T., Wu A.-M., Xu G., Yadollahpour A., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamada T., Yatsuya H., Yeshaneh A., Yilgwan C.S., Yilma 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Anjomshoa M., Anoushiravani A., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Antony B., Antriyandarti E., Arabloo J., Aref H.M.A., Aremu O., Armoon B., Arora A., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Atalay H.T., Athari S.S., Athari S.M., Atre S.R., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Azzopardi P.S., Babaee E., Babalola T.K., Badawi A., Bairwa M., Bakkannavar S.M., Balakrishnan S., Bali A.G., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Basu S., Bay V.D., Bayati M., Baye E., Bedi N., Beheshti M., Behzadifar M., Bekele B.B., Belayneh Y.M., Bell M.L., Bennett D.A., Berbada D.A., Bernstein R.S., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhaumik S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Birihane B.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Boufous S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Britton G.B., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cano J., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Chanie W.F., Chatterjee P., Chattu V.K., Chichiabellu T.Y., Chin K.L., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cormier N.M., Costa V.M., Culquichicon C., Daba M.S., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dang A.K., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Das Gupta R.D., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Davitoiu D.V., De la Hoz F.P., Demis A.B., Demissie D.B., Demissie G.D., Demoz G.T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Doyle K.E., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Nahas N., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elkout H., Elsharkawy A., Elyazar I.R.F., Endalamaw A., Endalew D.A., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Etemadi A., Ezekannagha O., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farzadfar F., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gayesa R.T., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Ghimire P.R., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Ginindza T.G., Gomes N.G., Gopalani S.V., Goulart A.C., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile D.H., Hailu G.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Haririan H., Hariyani N., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Hegazy M.I., Heibati B., Heidari B., Hendrie D., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Hidru H.D.D., Hird T.R., Hoang C.L., Homaie Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hoseini M., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Hussen M.M., Ibitoye S.E., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Imani-Nasab M.H., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Iwu C.J., Izadi N., Jaca A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jayatilleke A.U., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kalani H., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karim M.A., Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki H., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G.G., Kasahun Y.C., Kasaye H.K., Kassa G.G., Kassa G.M., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kebede M.M., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Kengne A.P., Ketema D.B., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalid N., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khan M.S., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kiadaliri A., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissoon N., Shivakumar K.M., Kochhar S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar V., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lamichhane P., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Laxmaiah A., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Leili M., Lenjebo T.L., Leshargie C.T., Levine A.J., Li S., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Longbottom J., Lopez J.C.F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahadeshwara Prasad DR., Mahasha P.W., Mahotra N.B., Majeed A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Manda A.L., Manohar N.D.D., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Maravilla J.C., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Massenburg B.B., Mathur M.R., Mayala B.K., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehta K.M., Mekonnen T.C., Meles G.G., Memiah P.T.N., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mereta S.T., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Mihretie K.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Moazen B., Mohajer B., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadibakhsh R., Mohammadifard N., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moore C.E., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moraga P., Morales L., Moreno Velasquez I., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Mozaffor M., Muchie K.F., Mulaw G.F., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J., Murthy G.V.S., Musa K.I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naidoo K.S., Naik G., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nascimento B.R., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Netsere H.B., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu D., Nigatu S.G., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nojomi M., Nong V.M., Norheim O.F., Noubiap J.J., Nouraei Motlagh S., Oancea B., Ogah O.S., Ogbo F.A., Oh I.-H., Olagunju A.T., Olagunju T.O., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak A., Patton G.C., Paudel D., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pereira A., 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D.C., Senbeta A.M., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Servan-Mori E., Shabaninejad H., Shafieesabet A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shallo S.A., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharifi H., Shehata H.S., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shifti D.M., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Singh N.P., Singh V., Sisay M.M., Skiadaresi E., Sobhiyeh M.R., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Somayaji R., Soofi M., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultana M., Sunguya B.F., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadesse D.B., Tarigan I.U., Tasew A.A., Tefera Y.M., Tekle M.G., and Temsah M.
Abstract: Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Method(s): We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000-17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Finding(s): While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62.6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000-7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT co
Published: 2020

20. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author: Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Al-Aly, Z. Alabdulkader, A.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, T. Alamene, G.M. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Bakeshei, F.A. Almadi, M.A.H. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Alsharif, U. Alsowaidi, S. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, E. Amini, S. Amoako, Y.A. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, F. Ansariadi, A. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arab-Zozani, M. Arabloo, J. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Artaman, A. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Assadi, R. Ataeinia, B. Atalay, H.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayanore, M.A. Ayele, H.T. Babaee, E. Bacha, U. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Bagli, E. Balakrishnan, S. Balouchi, A. Barnighausen, T.W. Battista, R.J. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M. Berfield, K.K.S. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Beuran, M. Bhakta, N. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Birungi, C. Bisignano, C. Bitew, H. Bjorge, T. Bleyer, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Borzi, A.M. Bosetti, C. Bou-Orm, I.R. Brenner, H. Brewer, J.D. Briko, A.N. Briko, N.I. Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T. Butt, Z.A. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chauhan, N.S. Chehrazi, M. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chichiabellu, T.Y. Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G. Chimed-Ochir, O. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Crocetti, E. Crowe, C.S. Curado, M.P. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Damiani, G. Darwish, A.H. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demissie, B.W. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutierrez, E. Derakhshani, A. Deribe, K.S. Desai, R. Desalegn, B.B. Desta, M. Dey, S. Dharmaratne, S.D. Dhimal, M. Diaz, D. Dinberu, M.T.T. Djalalinia, S. Doku, D.T. Drake, T.M. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Ebrahimi, H. Effiong, A. Eftekhari, A. El Sayed, I. Zaki, M.E.S. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Elemineh, D.A. Elkout, H. Ellenbogen, R.G. Elsharkawy, A. Emamian, M.H. Endalew, D.A. Endries, A.Y. Eshrati, B. Fadhil, I. Fallah, V. Faramarzi, M. Farhangi, M.A. Farioli, A. Farzadfar, F. Fentahun, N. Fernandes, E. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fisher, J.L. Force, L.M. Foroutan, M. Freitas, M. Fukumoto, T. Futran, N.D. Gallus, S. Gankpe, F.G. Gayesa, R.T. Gebrehiwot, T.T. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gedefaw, G.A. Gelaw, B.K. Geta, B. Getachew, S. Gezae, K.E. Ghafourifard, M. Ghajar, A. Ghashghaee, A. Gholamian, A. Gill, P.S. Ginindza, T.T.G. Girmay, A. Gizaw, M. Gomez, R.S. Gopalani, S.V. Gorini, G. Goulart, B.N.G. Grada, A. Ribeiro Guerra, M. Guimaraes, A.L.S. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Hadkhale, K. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hanfore, L.K. Haro, J.M. Hasankhani, M. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassen, H.Y. Hay, R.J. Hay, S.I. Henok, A. Henry, N.J. Herteliu, C. Hidru, H.D. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Hoogar, P. Horita, N. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseini, M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, M. Hostiuc, S. Househ, M. Hussen, M.M. Ileanu, B. Ilic, M.D. Innos, K. Irvani, S.S.N. Iseh, K.R. Islam, S.M.S. Islami, F. Jafari Balalami, N. Jafarinia, M. Jahangiry, L. Jahani, M.A. Jahanmehr, N. Jakovljevic, M. James, S.L. Javanbakht, M. Jayaraman, S. Jee, S.H. Jenabi, E. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Joo, T. Jungari, S.B. Jurisson, M. Kabir, A. Kamangar, F. Karch, A. Karimi, N. Karimian, A. Kasaeian, A. Kasahun, G.G. Kassa, B. Kassa, T.D. Kassaw, M.W. Kaul, A. Keiyoro, P.N. Kelbore, A.G. Kerbo, A.A. Khader, Y.S. Khalilarjmandi, M. Khan, E.A. Khan, G. Khang, Y.-H. Khatab, K. Khater, A. Khayamzadeh, M. Khazaee-Pool, M. Khazaei, S. Khoja, A.T. Khosravi, M.H. Khubchandani, J. Kianipour, N. Kim, D. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Komaki, H. Koyanagi, A. Krohn, K.J. Bicer, B.K. Kugbey, N. Kumar, V. Kuupiel, D. La Vecchia, C. Lad, D.P. Lake, E.A. Lakew, A.M. Lal, D.K. Lami, F.H. Lan, Q. Lasrado, S. Lauriola, P. Lazarus, J.V. Leigh, J. Leshargie, C.T. Liao, Y. Limenih, M.A. Listl, S. Lopez, A.D. Lopukhov, P.D. Lunevicius, R. Madadin, M. Magdeldin, S. El Razek, H.M.A. Majeed, A. Maleki, A. Malekzadeh, R. Manafi, A. Manafi, N. Manamo, W.A. Mansourian, M. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. Maroufizadeh, S. Martini, S.M.S. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Maswabi, M.T. Mathur, M.R. McAlinden, C. McKee, M. Meheretu, H.A.A. Mehrotra, R. Mehta, V. Meier, T. Melaku, Y.A. Meles, G.G. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Melku, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Menezes, R.G. Merat, S. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Mihretie, K.M.M. Miller, T.R. Mills, E.J. Mir, S.M. Mirzaei, H. Mirzaei, H.R. Mishra, R. Moazen, B. Mohammad, D.K. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammad, Y. Darwesh, A.M. Mohammadbeigi, A. Mohammadi, H. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadian, M. Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohammed, A.S. Mohammed, J.A. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moossavi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Joo, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradpour, F. Morawska, L. Morgado-Da-costa, J. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Mosapour, A. Mousavi, S.M. Muche, A.A. Muhammed, O.S.S. Musa, J. Nabhan, A.R. Naderi, M. Nagarajan, A.J. Nagel, G. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Naldi, L. Nam, H.S. Nasiri, N. Nazari, J. Negoi, I. Neupane, S. Newcomb, P.A. Nggada, H.A. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nikniaz, L. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nixon, M.R. Nnaji, C.A. Nojomi, M. Nosratnejad, S. Shiadeh, M.N. Obsa, M.S. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Oluwasanu, M.M. Omonisi, A.E. Onwujekwe, O.E. Oommen, A.M. Oren, E. Ortega-Altamirano, D.D.V. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Owolabi, M.O. P A, M. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakpour, A.H. Pana, A. Park, E.-K. Parsian, H. Pashaei, T. Patel, S. Patil, S.T. Pennini, A. Pereira, D.M. Piccinelli, C. Pillay, J.D. Pirestani, M. Pishgar, F. Postma, M.J. Pourjafar, H. Pourmalek, F. Pourshams, A. Prakash, S. Prasad, N. Qorbani, M. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, M. Rahman, M.A. Rajati, F. Rana, S.M. Raoofi, S. Rath, G.K. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reiner, R.C. Renzaho, A.M.N. Rezaei, N. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Ribeiro, D. Ronfani, L. Roro, E.M. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Saad, R.S. Sabbagh, P. Sabour, S. Saddik, B. Safiri, S. Sahebkar, A. Salahshoor, M.R. Salehi, F. Salem, H. Salem, M.R. Salimzadeh, H. Salomon, J.A. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sartorius, B. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Savic, M. Sawhney, M. Sayyah, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schottker, B. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Sepehrimanesh, M. Seyedmousavi, S. Shaahmadi, F. Shabaninejad, H. Shahbaz, M. Shaikh, M.A. Shamshirian, A. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, Z. Sharif, M. Sharifi, A. Sharifi, H. Sharma, R. Sheikh, A. Shirkoohi, R. Shukla, S.R. Si, S. Siabani, S. Silva, D.A.S. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, A. Singh, J.A. Sisay, S. Sitas, F. Sobngwi, E. Soofi, M. Soriano, J.B. Stathopoulou, V. Sufiyan, M.B. Tabares-Seisdedos, R. Tabuchi, T. Takahashi, K. Tamtaji, O.R. Tarawneh, M.R. Tassew, S.G. Taymoori, P. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Tesfay, B.E. Tesfay, F.H. Teshale, M.Y. Tessema, G.A. Thapa, S. Tlaye, K.G. Topor-Madry, R. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Traini, E. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tsadik, A.G. Ullah, I. Uthman, O.A. Vacante, M. Vaezi, M. Varona Perez, P. Veisani, Y. Vidale, S. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wabinga, H. Wachamo, T.M. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Weldegebreal, F. Weldesamuel, G.T. Wijeratne, T. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wonde, T.E. Wondmieneh, A.B. Workie, H.M. Yadav, R. Yadegar, A. Yadollahpour, A. Yaseri, M. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Yeshaneh, A. Yimam, M.A. Yimer, E.M. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Younis, M.Z. Yousefi, B. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zabeh, E. Zadnik, V. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zangeneh, A. Zaki, L. Zendehdel, K. Zenebe, Z.M. Zewale, T.A. Ziapour, A. Zodpey, S. Murray, C.J.L. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration
Abstract: Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019

21. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status – impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Author: Chioncel, O. Mebazaa, A. Maggioni, A.P. Harjola, V.-P. Rosano, G. Laroche, C. Piepoli, M.F. Crespo-Leiro, M.G. Lainscak, M. Ponikowski, P. Filippatos, G. Ruschitzka, F. Seferovic, P. Coats, A.J.S. Lund, L.H. Auer, J. Ablasser, K. Fruhwald, F. Dolze, T. Brandner, K. Gstrein, S. Poelzl, G. Moertl, D. Reiter, S. Podczeck-Schweighofer, A. Muslibegovic, A. Vasilj, M. Fazlibegovic, E. Cesko, M. Zelenika, D. Palic, B. Pravdic, D. Cuk, D. Vitlianova, K. Katova, T. Velikov, T. Kurteva, T. Gatzov, P. Kamenova, D. Antova, M. Sirakova, V. Krejci, J. Mikolaskova, M. Spinar, J. Krupicka, J. Malek, F. Hegarova, M. Lazarova, M. Monhart, Z. Hassanein, M. Sobhy, M. El Messiry, F. El Shazly, A.H. Elrakshy, Y. Youssef, A. Moneim, A.A. Noamany, M. Reda, A. Dayem, T.K.A. Farag, N. Halawa, S.I. Hamid, M.A. Said, K. Saleh, A. Ebeid, H. Hanna, R. Aziz, R. Louis, O. Enen, M.A. Ibrahim, B.S. Nasr, G. Elbahry, A. Sobhy, H. Ashmawy, M. Gouda, M. Aboleineen, W. Bernard, Y. Luporsi, P. Meneveau, N. Pillot, M. Morel, M. Seronde, M.-F. Schiele, F. Briand, F. Delahaye, F. Damy, T. Eicher, J.-C. de Groote, P. Fertin, M. Lamblin, N. Isnard, R. Lefol, C. Thevenin, S. Hagege, A. Jondeau, G. Logeart, D. Le Marcis, V. Ly, J.-F. Coisne, D. Lequeux, B. Le Moal, V. Mascle, S. Lotton, P. Behar, N. Donal, E. Thebault, C. Ridard, C. Reynaud, A. Basquin, A. Bauer, F. Codjia, R. Galinier, M. Tourikis, P. Stavroula, M. Tousoulis, D. Stefanadis, C. Chrysohoou, C. Kotrogiannis, I. Matzaraki, V. Dimitroula, T. Karavidas, A. Tsitsinakis, G. Kapelios, C. Nanas, J. Kampouri, H. Nana, E. Kaldara, E. Eugenidou, A. Vardas, P. Saloustros, I. Patrianakos, A. Tsaknakis, T. Evangelou, S. Nikoloulis, N. Tziourganou, H. Tsaroucha, A. Papadopoulou, A. Douras, A. Polgar, L. Merkely, B. Kosztin, A. Nyolczas, N. Nagy, A.C. Halmosi, R. Elber, J. Alony, I. Shotan, A. Fuhrmann, A.V. Amir, O. Romano, S. Marcon, S. Penco, M. Di Mauro, M. Lemme, E. Carubelli, V. Rovetta, R. Metra, M. Bulgari, M. Quinzani, F. Lombardi, C. Bosi, S. Schiavina, G. Squeri, A. Barbieri, A. Di Tano, G. Pirelli, S. Ferrari, R. Fucili, A. Passero, T. Musio, S. Di Biase, M. Correale, M. Salvemini, G. Brognoli, S. Zanelli, E. Giordano, A. Agostoni, P. Italiano, G. Salvioni, E. Copelli, S. Modena, M.G. Reggianini, L. Valenti, C. Olaru, A. Bandino, S. Deidda, M. Mercuro, G. Dessalvi, C.C. Marino, P.N. Di Ruocco, M.V. Sartori, C. Piccinino, C. Parrinello, G. Licata, G. Torres, D. Giambanco, S. Busalacchi, S. Arrotti, S. Novo, S. Inciardi, R.M. Pieri, P. Chirco, P.R. Galifi, M.A. Teresi, G. Buccheri, D. Minacapelli, A. Veniani, M. Frisinghelli, A. Priori, S.G. Cattaneo, S. Opasich, C. Gualco, A. Pagliaro, M. Mancone, M. Fedele, F. Cinque, A. Vellini, M. Scarfo, I. Romeo, F. Ferraiuolo, F. Sergi, D. Anselmi, M. Melandri, F. Leci, E. Iori, E. Bovolo, V. Pidello, S. Frea, S. Bergerone, S. Botta, M. Canavosio, F.G. Gaita, F. Merlo, M. Cinquetti, M. Sinagra, G. Ramani, F. Fabris, E. Stolfo, D. Artico, J. Miani, D. Fresco, C. Daneluzzi, C. Proclemer, A. Cicoira, M. Zanolla, L. Marchese, G. Torelli, F. Vassanelli, C. Voronina, N. Erglis, A. Tamakauskas, V. Smalinskas, V. Karaliute, R. Petraskiene, I. Kazakauskaite, E. Rumbinaite, E. Kavoliuniene, A. Vysniauskas, V. Brazyte-Ramanauskiene, R. Petraskiene, D. Stankala, S. Switala, P. Juszczyk, Z. Sinkiewicz, W. Gilewski, W. Pietrzak, J. Orzel, T. Kasztelowicz, P. Kardaszewicz, P. Lazorko-Piega, M. Gabryel, J. Mosakowska, K. Bellwon, J. Rynkiewicz, A. Raczak, G. Lewicka, E. Dabrowska-Kugacka, A. Bartkowiak, R. Sosnowska-Pasiarska, B. Wozakowska-Kaplon, B. Krzeminski, A. Zabojszcz, M. Mirek-Bryniarska, E. Grzegorzko, A. Bury, K. Nessler, J. Zalewski, J. Furman, A. Broncel, M. Poliwczak, A. Bala, A. Zycinski, P. Rudzinska, M. Jankowski, L. Kasprzak, J.D. Michalak, L. Soska, K.W. Drozdz, J. Huziuk, I. Retwinski, A. Flis, P. Weglarz, J. Bodys, A. Grajek, S. Kaluzna-Oleksy, M. Straburzynska-Migaj, E. Dankowski, R. Szymanowska, K. Grabia, J. Szyszka, A. Nowicka, A. Samcik, M. Wolniewicz, L. Baczynska, K. Komorowska, K. Poprawa, I. Komorowska, E. Sajnaga, D. Zolbach, A. Dudzik-Plocica, A. Abdulkarim, A.-F. Lauko-Rachocka, A. Kaminski, L. Kostka, A. Cichy, A. Ruszkowski, P. Splawski, M. Fitas, G. Szymczyk, A. Serwicka, A. Fiega, A. Zysko, D. Krysiak, W. Szabowski, S. Skorek, E. Pruszczyk, P. Bienias, P. Ciurzynski, M. Welnicki, M. Mamcarz, A. Folga, A. Zielinski, T. Rywik, T. Leszek, P. Sobieszczanska-Malek, M. Piotrowska, M. Kozar-Kaminska, K. Komuda, K. Wisniewska, J. Tarnowska, A. Balsam, P. Marchel, M. Opolski, G. Kaplon-Cieslicka, A. Gil, R.J. Mozenska, O. Byczkowska, K. Gil, K. Pawlak, A. Michalek, A. Krzesinski, P. Piotrowicz, K. Uzieblo-Zyczkowska, B. Stanczyk, A. Skrobowski, A. Jankowska, E. Rozentryt, P. Polonski, L. Gadula-Gacek, E. Nowalany-Kozielska, E. Kuczaj, A. Kalarus, Z. Szulik, M. Przybylska, K. Klys, J. Prokop-Lewicka, G. Kleinrok, A. Aguiar, C.T. Ventosa, A. Pereira, S. Faria, R. Chin, J. De Jesus, I. Santos, R. Silva, P. Moreno, N. Queirós, C. Lourenço, C. Pereira, A. Castro, A. Andrade, A. Guimaraes, T.O. Martins, S. Placido, R. Lima, G. Brito, D. Francisco, A.R. Cardiga, R. Proenca, M. Araujo, I. Marques, F. Fonseca, C. Moura, B. Leite, S. Campelo, M. Silva-Cardoso, J. Rodrigues, J. Rangel, I. Martins, E. Correia, A.S. Peres, M. Marta, L. da Silva, G.F. Severino, D. Durao, D. Leao, S. Magalhaes, P. Moreira, I. Cordeiro, A.F. Ferreira, C. Araujo, C. Ferreira, A. Baptista, A. Radoi, M. Bicescu, G. Vinereanu, D. Sinescu, C.-J. Macarie, C. Popescu, R. Daha, I. Dan, G.-A. Stanescu, C. Dan, A. Craiu, E. Nechita, E. Aursulesei, V. Christodorescu, R. Otasevic, P. Seferovic, P.M. Simeunovic, D. Ristic, A.D. Celic, V. Pavlovic-Kleut, M. Lazic, J.S. Stojcevski, B. Pencic, B. Stevanovic, A. Andric, A. Iric-Cupic, V. Jovic, M. Davidovic, G. Milanov, S. Mitic, V. Atanaskovic, V. Antic, S. Pavlovic, M. Stanojevic, D. Stoickov, V. Ilic, S. Ilic, M.D. Petrovic, D. Stojsic, S. Kecojevic, S. Dodic, S. Adic, N.C. Cankovic, M. Stojiljkovic, J. Mihajlovic, B. Radin, A. Radovanovic, S. Krotin, M. Klabnik, A. Goncalvesova, E. Pernicky, M. Murin, J. Kovar, F. Kmec, J. Semjanova, H. Strasek, M. Iskra, M.S. Ravnikar, T. Suligoj, N.C. Komel, J. Fras, Z. Jug, B. Glavic, T. Losic, R. Bombek, M. Krajnc, I. Krunic, B. Horvat, S. Kovac, D. Rajtman, D. Cencic, V. Letonja, M. Winkler, R. Valentincic, M. Melihen-Bartolic, C. Bartolic, A. Vrckovnik, M.P. Kladnik, M. Pusnik, C.S. Marolt, A. Klen, J. Drnovsek, B. Leskovar, B. Anguita, M.J.F. Page, J.C.G. Martinez, F.M.S. Andres, J. Bayes-Genis, A. Mirabet, S. Mendez, A. Garcia-Cosio, L. Roig, E. Leon, V. Gonzalez-Costello, J. Muntane, G. Garay, A. Alcade-Martinez, V. Fernandez, S.L. Rivera-Lopez, R. Puga-Martinez, M. Fernandez-Alvarez, M. Serrano-Martinez, J.L. Crespo-Leiro, M. Grille-Cancela, Z. Marzoa-Rivas, R. Blanco-Canosa, P. Paniagua-Martin, M.J. Barge-Caballero, E. Cerdena, I.L. Baldomero, I.F.H. Padron, A.L. Rosillo, S.O. Gonzalez-Gallarza, R.D. Montanes, O.S. Manjavacas, A.M.I. Conde, A.C. Araujo, A. Soria, T. Garcia-Pavia, P. Gomez-Bueno, M. Cobo-Marcos, M. Alonso-Pulpon, L. Cubero, J.S. Sayago, I. Gonzalez-Segovia, A. Briceno, A. Subias, P.E. Hernandez, M.V. Cano, M.J.R. Sanchez, M.A.G. Jimenez, J.F.D. Garrido-Lestache, E.B. Pinilla, J.M.G. de la Villa, B.G. Sahuquillo, A. Marques, R.B. Calvo, F.T. Perez-Martinez, M.T. Gracia-Rodenas, M.R. Garrido-Bravo, I.P. Pastor-Perez, F. Pascual-Figal, D.A. Molina, B.D. Orus, J. Gonzalo, F.E. Bertomeu, V. Valero, R. Martinez-Abellan, R. Quiles, J. Rodrigez-Ortega, J.A. Mateo, I. ElAmrani, A. Fernandez-Vivancos, C. Valero, D.B. Almenar-Bonet, L. Sanchez-Lazaro, I.J. Marques-Sule, E. Facila-Rubio, L. Perez-Silvestre, J. Garcia-Gonzalez, P. Ridocci-Soriano, F. Garcia-Escriva, D. Pellicer-Cabo, A. de la Fuente Galan, L. Diaz, J.L. Platero, A.R. Arias, J.C. Blasco-Peiro, T. Julve, M.S. Sanchez-Insa, E. Aured-Guallar, C. Portoles-Ocampo, A. Melin, M. Hägglund, E. Stenberg, A. Lindahl, I.-M. Asserlund, B. Olsson, L. Dahlström, U. Afzelius, M. Karlström, P. Tengvall, L. Wiklund, P.-A. Olsson, B. Kalayci, S. Temizhan, A. Cavusoglu, Y. Gencer, E. Yilmaz, M.B. Gunes, H. on behalf of the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry Investigators
Abstract: Aims: Classification of acute heart failure (AHF) patients into four clinical profiles defined by evidence of congestion and perfusion is advocated by the 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)guidelines. Based on the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry, we compared differences in baseline characteristics, in-hospital management and outcomes among congestion/perfusion profiles using this classification. Methods and results: We included 7865 AHF patients classified at admission as: ‘dry-warm’ (9.9%), ‘wet-warm’ (69.9%), ‘wet-cold’ (19.8%) and ‘dry-cold’ (0.4%). These groups differed significantly in terms of baseline characteristics, in-hospital management and outcomes. In-hospital mortality was 2.0% in ‘dry-warm’, 3.8% in ‘wet-warm’, 9.1% in ‘dry-cold’ and 12.1% in ‘wet-cold’ patients. Based on clinical classification at admission, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for 1-year mortality were: ‘wet-warm’ vs. ‘dry-warm’ 1.78 (1.43–2.21) and ‘wet-cold’ vs. ‘wet-warm’ 1.33 (1.19–1.48). For profiles resulting from discharge classification, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for 1-year mortality were: ‘wet-warm’ vs. ‘dry-warm’ 1.46 (1.31–1.63) and ‘wet-cold’ vs. ‘wet-warm’ 2.20 (1.89–2.56). Among patients discharged alive, 30.9% had residual congestion, and these patients had higher 1-year mortality compared to patients discharged without congestion (28.0 vs. 18.5%). Tricuspid regurgitation, diabetes, anaemia and high New York Heart Association class were independently associated with higher risk of congestion at discharge, while beta-blockers at admission, de novo heart failure, or any cardiovascular procedure during hospitalization were associated with lower risk of residual congestion. Conclusion: Classification based on congestion/perfusion status provides clinically relevant information at hospital admission and discharge. A better understanding of the clinical course of the two entities could play an important role towards the implementation of targeted strategies that may improve outcomes. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology
Published: 2019

22. Feedback linearizing excitation control on a full-scale power system model

Author: King, C.A., Chapman, J.W., and Ilic, M.D.
Subjects: Electric power system stability -- Research, Linearization (Electronics) -- Usage, Electric generators -- Excitation systems, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: A type of feedback linearizing excitation control, most recently reported in [1] is simulated on a very large (5000-bus) model of the Northeast Power Coordinating Council System. The control is implemented on two groups of machines, one in the New York City/Long Island area and one in the Lake Ontario area of New York State. A series of system faults is simulated, the most serious involving the loss of a very large portion of the transmission capacity from Northwest New York State to the New York City area, under extreme loading conditions. The nonlinear control prevents a breakup of the system which would otherwise result in a widespread blackout, at the expense of a rise in the system voltage at the Lake Ontario end. Simulations are also run with PSS/static exciter combinations on the same groups of generators, as a rough comparison of the performance of conventional vs. feedback linearizing control.
Published: 1994

23. Stabilizing a multimachine power system via decentralized feedback linearizing excitation control

Author: Chapman, J.W., Ilic, M.D., King, C.A., Eng, L., and Kaufman, H.
Subjects: Electric power system stability -- Research, Electric controllers -- Design and construction, Feedback control systems -- Design and construction, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: A new controller for the generator excitation system is described that uses a combination of feedback linearization and the observation decoupled state space. This creates a controller that can be realistically implemented using only local measurements, and whose performance is consistent with respect to changes in network configuration, loading and power transfer conditions. The control differs in this respect from linear constant-gain controllers such as power system stabilizers, whose characteristics can vary significantly with changes in operating conditions. The design is well-suited to a multimachine setting, in that it is not based on an infinite-bus approximation. Simulations are performed on a 38-bus reduced model of the Northeast Power Coordinating Council system and benchmarked against simulations in which automatic voltage regulators with power system stabilizers are substituted in place of the nonlinear controls.
Published: 1993

24. Short-term economic energy management in a competitive utility environment

Author: Ilic, M.D., Lacalle-Melero, J.R., Nishimura, F., Schenler, W., Shirmohammadi, D., Crough, A., and Catelli, A.
Subjects: Interconnected electric utility systems -- Management, Energy management systems -- Research, Electric power distribution -- Economic aspects, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: In this paper an approach to short-term economic rescheduling is proposed. The method is based on an iterative combination of alternating consideration of technical and economic criteria. Its attractiveness lies in incorporating both technical and economic goals without the computational expense of combining them in a mathematical optimization process. A specific algorithm is proposed which is based on using a localized mismatch spreading algorithm. The method is potentially very useful for quantifying trade-offs between economics and system security in the newly evolving competitive environment.
Published: 1993

25. Model predictive control of fuel cell micro cogeneration systems

Author: Houwing, M. (author), Negenborn, R.R. (author), Ilic, M.D. (author), De Schutter, B. (author), Houwing, M. (author), Negenborn, R.R. (author), Ilic, M.D. (author), and De Schutter, B. (author)
Abstract: With the increasing application of distributed energy resources and information technologies in the electricity infrastructure, innovative possibilities for incorporating the demand side more actively in power system operation are enabled. At the residential level energy costs could be reduced with intelligent price-based control concepts (demand response). A promising, controllable, residential distributed generation technology is micro cogeneration (micro-CHP). Micro-CHP is an energy efficient technology that simultaneously provides heat and electricity to households during operation. This paper presents a detailed model of a household using a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) micro-CHP system in conjunction with heat storage options to fulfil its heat and part of its electricity demand. Furthermore, a decentralised controller based on a model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed. MPC can take benefit of future knowledge on prizes and energy demands and can therefore lead to better system performance. In simulations the performance of the MPC-controlled PEMFC system is illustrated under different conditions regarding energy pricing, domestic energy demand, and system configuration., Infrastructures, Systems and Services, Technology, Policy and Management
Published: 2009
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26. Wild fire impact on copper, zinc, lead and cadmium distribution in soil and relation with abundance in selected plants of Lamiaceae family from Vidlic Mountain (Serbia)

Author: Stankov Jovanovic, V.P., primary, Ilic, M.D., additional, Markovic, M.S., additional, Mitic, V.D., additional, Nikolic Mandic, S.D., additional, and Stojanovic, G.S., additional
Published: 2011
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27. A Combined Equivalenced-Electric, Economic, and Market Representation of the Northeastern Power Coordinating Council U.S. Electric Power System

Author: Allen, E.H., primary, Lang, J.H., additional, and Ilic, M.D., additional
Published: 2008
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28. Modeling future cyber-physical energy systems

Author: Ilic, M.D., primary, Xie, Le, additional, Khan, U.A., additional, and Moura, Jose M.F., additional
Published: 2008
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29. Peak-load pricing based planning for distribution networks under change

Author: Prica, M., primary and Ilic, M.D., additional
Published: 2006
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30. Determining the cost of dynamic control capacity for improving system efficiency

Author: Elizondo, M.A., primary, Ilic, M.D., additional, and Mercado, P.E., additional
Published: 2006
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31. An assessment of reactive power/voltage control devices in distribution networks

Author: Thatte, A.A., primary and Ilic, M.D., additional
Published: 2006
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32. Preventing Future Blackouts by Means of Enhanced Electric Power Systems Control: From Complexity to Order

Author: Ilic, M.D., primary, Allen, H., additional, Chapman, W., additional, King, C.A., additional, Lang, J.H., additional, and Litvinov, E., additional
Published: 2005
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33. Optimal Investments in Power Generation Under Centralized and Decentralized Decision Making

Author: Botterud, A., primary, Ilic, M.D., additional, and Wangensteen, I., additional
Published: 2005
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34. QUANTIFICATION OF REGIONAL MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION: IMPROVED DETECTION OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA IN DIABETIC PATIENTS DURING DOBUTAMINE DOPPLER MYOCARDIAL IMAGING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Author: Ilic, S., primary, Ilic, M.D., additional, Petrovic, D., additional, Bosiljka, T.V., additional, and Ljubisa., N., additional
Published: 2004
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