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BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in genes encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its receptor TNF-R1 have been shown to affect one person's susceptibility to develop certain neoplastic diseases. The aim of the present association study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNF-alpha (-308G>A) and TNF-R1 (36A>G) genes modulate the susceptibility for keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) development in Serbian patients. METHODS: Genotyping was performed in 60 KCOT patients and 125 healthy individuals, using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: A significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies was found between patients and controls for both SNPs (P lt 0.05). Carriers of the TNF-alpha A variant had an eightfold increase of KCOT risk (OR = 8.12, 95% CI = 3.98-16.56, P lt 0.0001), while carriers of the TNF-R1 G variant had approximately a fourfold increase of KCOT risk (OR= 3.65, CI: 1.60-8.40, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the two polymorphisms are strong risk factors for KCOT development in Serbian population.

Introduction/Objective Knowledge and practical skills in medical waste (MW) management are of equal importance for medical and dental doctors. The first comparative study on the knowledge and skills in the field of MW management among Belgrade students was conducted with the goal of examining whether students of medicine and dentistry are equally familiar with this extremely important field. Methods a cross-sectional study included 558 students of the sixth year of studies (430 medical and 128 dental students) who completed an anonymous semi-structured questionnaire to determine attitudes and knowledge on MW management. Results the majority of medical and dental students had no training in MW management (79.5% and 74.6%, respectively). Dental students use protective equipment more frequently than medical students (94.5% vs. 42%, p lt 0.001). However, full vaccinal protection against hepatitis B is better among medical students compared to dental students (57.7% vs. 39.1%, p lt 0.001). Complete knowledge on postexposal prophylaxis is better among medical students compared to dental students (44.5% vs. 13.3%, p lt 0.001). However, dental students are more disciplined in reporting injuries (63.1% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.038). The students' knowledge on primary separation of infectious waste (93% vs. 77.8%, p lt 0.001) and used needles (80.3% vs. 70.4%, p = 0.007) is better among dental students compared to medical students' correct answers. Conclusion Dental students show better knowledge on MW management and are more disciplined in using personal infection protection compared to medical students. The students support continued training on MW management and investigations on this topic., Uvod/Cilj Znanje i praktične veštine upravljanja medicinskim otpadom su od posebnog značaja za doktore medicine i stomatologije. Komparativna studija o znanju i veštinama iz oblasti upravljanja medicinskim otpadom sprovedena je među beogradskim studentima prvi put, u cilju ispitivanja da li ovom izuzetno važnom oblašću studenti medicine i stomatologije vladaju podjednako dobro. Metode Ova studija preseka obuhvatila je 558 studenata šeste godine studija na Beogradskom univerzitetu (430 studenata medicine i 128 studenata stomatologije), koji su popunili anonimni upitnik o znanju i stavovima o upravljanju medicinskim otpadom. Rezultati Većina studenata stomatologije i medicine nisu imali nikakvu posebnu obuku iz upravljanja medicinskim otpadom (79,5% i 74,6%). Studenti stomatologije su češće koristili zaštitnu opremu (94,5% prema 42%, p lt 0,001). Vakcinalna zaštita od hepatitisa B je kompletnija među studentima medicine u odnosu na studente stomatologije (57,7% prema 39,1%, p lt 0,001). Znanje o profilaksi posle izloženosti bolja je među studentima medicine (44,5% prema 13,3%, p lt 0,001). Međutim, studenti stomatologije su ažurniji u pogledu prijavljivanja povreda na radnom mestu (63,1% prema 52,4%, p = 0,038). Znanje studenata o primarnoj separaciji infektivnog otpada i korišćenih igala je bolje među budućim stomatolozima (tačni odgovori 93% nasuprot 77,8%; p lt 0,001 i 80,3% prema 70,4%; p = 0,007). Zaključak Studenti stomatologije imaju bolje znanje o upravljanju medicinskim otpadom i disciplinovaniji su u pogledu korišćenja zaštitne opreme na radu u odnosu na studente medicine. Studenti podržavaju kontinuiranu edukaciju o upravljanju medicinskim otpadom i dalja istraživanja o ovoj temi.

Background: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate whether soluble programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) are potential diagnostic, predictive or prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. Methods: Lung cancer patients (n=115) with advanced metastatic disease, 101 with non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC (77 EGFR wild-type NSCLC patients on chemotherapy, 15 EGFR mutation positive adenocarcinoma patients, 9 patients with mPD-L1 Expression >= 50% NSCLC - responders to immunotherapy), and 14 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were examined. ELISA method was used to determine sPD-L1 and SAA1 concentrations in patients' plasma. Results: Significantly higher blood concentrations of sPD-L1 and SAA1 were noted in lung cancer patients compared with a healthy control group. In PD-L1 + NSCLC patients, a significantly higher sPD-L1 level was noticed compared to any other lung cancer subgroup, as well as the highest average SAA1 value compared to other subgroups. Conclusions: It seems that sPD-1/PD-L1 might be a potential biomarker, prognostic and/or predictive, particularly in patients treated with immunotherapy. Serum amyloid A1 has potential to act as a good predictor of patients' survival, as well as a biomarker of a more advanced disease, with possibly good capability to predict the course of disease measured at different time points.

Uvod: Odontogeni keratocistični tumor (OKT) i oralni planocelularni karcinom (OPK) pripadaju grupi oralnih epitelnih tumora. Iako je prvi benignog, a drugi malignog karaktera, odlikuje ih agresivan rast, složena patogeneza i relativno visok stepen recidiva nakon hirurške intervencije. Nasledne (germinativne) promene koje su deo genetičke konstitucije svakog pojedinca, a koje uključuju i polimorfizme gena, imaju značajnu ulogu u etiologiji ovih tumora. Cilj: Utvrditi da li polimorfizmi gena odgovornog za sintezu i metilaciju DNK (MTHFR -677C>T), gena odgovornog za detoksifikaciju (GSTM1/T1) i gena odgovornog za imunomodulaciju (TNF-α -308G>A; TNF-α R1 -36A>G; TNF-α R2 -676T>G) predstavljaju faktore rizika za nastanak epitelnih tumora usne duplje. Materijal i metode: Ispitivanja su rađena na uzorku od 71 pacijenta lečenog zbog OKT i 78 pacijenata lečenih zbog OPK. Kontrolnu grupu sačinjavalo je 182 zdravih osoba kod kojih je DNK dobijena brisom bukalne sluzokože. Genotipizacija je vršena pomoću lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR) i analize restrikcionih fragmenata (RFLP). Chi kvadrat i Fišerov test su korišćeni kako bi se utvrdile eventualne razlike u genotipovima i alelnim učestalostima. Povezanost različitih genetskih oblika sa rizikom za nastanak ova dva epitelna tumora vršena je upotrebom logističke regresione analize izračunavanjem odnos šansi (odds ratios) i 95% intervala pouzdanosti (confidence intervals). P vrednosti manje od 0.05 smatrane su za statistički značajne. Rezultati: U okviru grupe ispitanika obolelih od OKT, postojala je visoka statistička značajnost između genotipova i alelnih učestalosti (kod obolelih i zdravih ispitanika), za analizirani TNF alfa (p=0.00) i TNF alfa receptor 1 polimorfizam (p=0.00). Nosioci alela A za TNF alfa, imali su izrazito visok rizik za nastanak OKT (OR 4.41, CI 2.66-7.27, p=0.00). Ostali ispitivani polimorfizmi nisu pokazali statistički značajnu razliku između ispitivanih grupa. U okviru grupe ispitanika obolelih od OPK, p, Background: Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour (KCOT) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) are classified as oral epithelial tumours. Although, the first one has benign and the second one malignant characteristics, they both have aggressive growth, sophisticated pathology and high tendency for recurrence following surgical treatment. Genetic factors including the polymorphism of the genes are thought to play an important role in their ethology. Aims: Polymorphisms in several gene classes, involved in DNA methylation and synthesis (MTHFR-677C>T), detoxification (GSTM1/T1) and immunomodulation (TNF-α -308G>A; TNF-α R1 -36A>G; TNF-α R2 -676T>G) were studied with the aim of identifying potential risk factors for oral epithelial tumour development. Materials and Methods: Genotyping was performed on DNA obtained from 71 biopsy specimens of KCOTs, 78 of OSCCs and from 182 buccal swabs of healthy individuals, using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Chi square test and Fisher exact test were used to determine possible differences in the genotype and allele frequencies. The association of gene variants with risk of disease was examined by use of unconditional logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Among the KCOT group, there was a highly significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and controls for the TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor one polymorphism (p=0.00). Carriers of the allele A had a remarkably increased risk of developing KCOT (OR 4.41, CI 2.66-7.27, p=0.00). The other analysed polymorphisms did not show statistically significant association with KCOT. Among the OSCC group, there was a highly significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the patients and controls for the GSTT1 polymorphism (p=0.00). The subjects with the deletion of gene had a remarkably increa

The tumour subtype, TNM classification, and histopathological data are sometimes not sufficient for understanding and assessing the behaviour of oral cancers. In an attempt to find additional markers of tumour biology and behaviour, this study sought to determine the incidence and consequently the relevance of c-erb-B2, c-Myc, and H-ras gene alterations in tumour-free margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Fifty samples of OSCC were analyzed for c-erb-B2 and c-Myc amplification by real-time polymerase chain reaction and for H-ras point mutations by sequencing. A relatively high incidence of genetic lesions was detected: 22% of cases had c-erb-B2 and 30% had c-Myc amplification, whilst only 12% harboured H-ras mutations. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test showed statistically significant differences in 5-year survival rates and relapse between patients with tumour margins positive for c-erb-B2 amplification and those with margins that were negative (P = 0.002). H-ras and c-Myc alterations could not be associated with tumour behaviour. Molecular analysis of margins, targeting cancer genes, could identify additional, independent predictors of risk and outcome in OSCC.

Normal bone healing after tooth extraction includes the following steps: blood clot forming, granulation, bone forming and final bone reorganization. In clinical settings connective tissue infiltration of extraction socket can result in fibrous scar formation rather than bone healing. Local and systemic factors seem to be major contributors to the occurrence of erratic socket healing. The aim of this case report was to describe oral-surgery treatment of a patient with inadequate bone and soft supportive tissue for prosthetic rehabilitation. Surgical procedure and recovery are presented, including final complete denture rehabilitation., Nakon vađenja zuba obično slede brza organizacija koaguluma, formiranje granulacionog tkiva, osteoida, a zatim i zrele lamelarne kosti. Međutim, klinički se neretko može sresti infiltracija ekstrakcione alveole vezivnim tkivom, uz stvaranje fibroznog ožiljka umesto novostvoren kosti. Za to su odgovorni brojni lokalni i sistemski faktori koji doprinose nepravilnom zarastanju ekstrakcione alveole. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se opiše oralnohirurško lečenje pacijenta s neodgovarajućim stanjem koštanog i mekog nosećeg tkiva gornje totalne proteze. Prikazani su hirurški postupak i postoperacioni tok, zaključno s konačnim odgovarajućim protetičkim zbrinjavanjem pacijenta, koji je doveo do pravilnog zarastanja rane i time zadovoljavajuće protetičke rehabilitacije.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) which exerts its effects through two different receptors known as TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, is a major proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of different types of tumors. We have investigated whether polymorphisms in TNF-alpha (-308G>A), TNF receptor 1 (36A>G) and TNF receptor 2 (676T>G) genes modulate the susceptibility for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the skin, two frequent types of head and neck cancers. Genotyping was done on 50 OSCC patients, 50 BCC patients and 60 healthy individuals, using PCR/RFLP. A significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies was found between patients and controls for the TNF-R2 polymorphism, in both OSCC and BCC. There was no statistically significant difference between patients and controls for TNF-alpha and TNF-R1 polymorphisms. Carriers of G allele had an approximately 2.5- and 5-fold higher risk for OSCC and BCC, respectively, in the Serbian population.

Introduction. Association studies have shown that gene polymorphisms in various classes of genes can modulate cancer risk. The -31G/C polymorphism in the promoter of survivin gene, affects the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin which in turn may predispose an individual to some types of cancer. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine whether the survivin promoter -31G/C polymorphism could be a susceptibility factor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. Methods. The DNA obtained from 88 patients with SCC, 60 patients with BCC and 111 healthy individuals was subjected to polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR- RFLP) in order to determine genotype and allele frequencies in patients and control groups. Logistic regression was used for cancer risk assessment. Results. The following distribution of genotypes was obtained: CC genotype 15% in the SCC group, 13% in the BCC group and 12% in controls; CG genotype 41% in SCCs, 35% in BCCs, 48% in controls; GG genotype 44% in SCCs, 52% in BCCs and 40% in controls. Allelic frequencies were as follows: G allele 0.65 in SCCs, 0.69 in BCCs and 0.64 in the control group; C allele 0.35 in SCCs, 0.31 in BCCs and 0.36 in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in allele or genotype frequencies between the patients and controls (p>0.05). Conclusion. In Serbian population, -31G/C polymorphism in the promoter of the survivin gene cannot be considered as a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma and skin basal cell carcinoma., Uvod. Dokazano je da polimorfizmi u različitim klasama gena mogu da povećaju rizik za razvoj malignih tumora, između ostalih i skvamocelularnog karcinoma (SCC) usne duplje i bazocelularnog karcinoma (BCC) kože. Survivin je bifunkcionalni protein-inhibitor apoptoze i regulator ćelijskog ciklusa. Otkriveno je više funkcionalnih polimorfizama u ovom genu, a jedan od ključnih je polimorfizam G/C na poziciji -31, za koji je pokazano da je modulator ekspresije survivina i da doprinosi povećanju rizika od obolevanja od različitih tipova tumora. Cilj rada. Cilj rada je bio da se analizira učestalost genotipova i alela za -31G/C polimorfizam gena za survivin kod osoba obolelih od SCC i BCC i kod zdravih ispitanika. Logističkom regresionom analizom ispitana je povezanost ovog polimorfizma i rizika za nastanak SCC i BCC. Metode rada. Učestalosti alela i genotipova kod 88 osoba obolelih od SCC, 60 osoba obolelih od BCC i 111 zdravih ispitanika određene su lančanom reakcijom polimeraze i restrikcionom analizom. Logističkom regresijom procenjena je sklonost ka razvoju SCC i BCC. Rezultati. Genotip CC je utvrđen kod 15% ispitanika sa SCC, 13% sa BCC i 12% zdavih osoba. Genotip CG je zabeležen kod 41% ispitanika sa SCC, 35% sa BCC i 48% zdravih osoba. Genotip GG je otkriven kod 44% osoba sa SCC, 52% sa BCC i 40% zdravih ispitanika. Učestalost G-alela bila je sledeća: 0,65 kod ispitanika sa SCC, 0,69 kod ispitanika sa BCC i 0,64 u grupi zdravih osoba. Učestalost C-alela bila je: 0,35 kod ispitanika sa SCC, 0,31 kod ispitanika sa BCC i 0,36 u grupi zdravih osoba. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u raspodeli genotipova i alela između bolesnika s karcinomima i zdravih ispitanika (p>0,05). Zaključak. Polimorfizam -31G/C u promotoru gena za survivin ne može se smatrati faktorom rizika za razvoj ova dva tipa tumora.