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Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) is an arboreal species of great economic and socio-environmental importance, which presents difficulties in the adventitious rooting process. The rhizogenic competence of vegetative propagules of mate can be attained by coppicing, but the factors that influence the success of this technique have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stock plant, time of shoot collection, treatment with indolebutyric acid (IBA) and diameter of vegetative propagules in the adventitious rooting of cuttings from shoots induced by coppicing of selected adult plants of mate. Shoots produced from coppiced 13SM01 and 13SM05 stock plants were collected at different times of the year to prepare single-bud cuttings. The cuttings were measured as their diameter in the central portion and treated with 0 and 3000 mg L-1 of IBA. After 60 days, cuttings were evaluated to determine survival and rooting percentages, number of roots, and length of the three largest roots. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 × 2 × 2 × 13 (collection times x stock plants x IBA treatment x diameter classes) factorial scheme with 15 replications. Competence for adventitious rooting was highest for stock plant 13SM05. Cuttings collected in November and February had the highest rooting percentages, without the need of IBA treatment. Cuttings from 13SM01 and 13SM05 with diameters smaller than 0.636 cm (classes 1 to 6) and smaller than 0.712 cm (classes 1 to 7), respectively, had the highest rooting percentages and differed significantly from cuttings with larger diameters. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that stock plants, time of shoot collection, and diameter of vegetative propagules influence adventitious rooting competence of mate cuttings from coppicing adult plants. Rooting of mate cuttings with lower rhizogenic competence is influenced by the application of 3000 mg L-1 of IBA.

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Vegetative propagation is an alternative for the production of mate plantlets; however, there is a lack of information in the literature that addresses the viability of the cultivar Cambona 4 in a mini-hedge system, which stands out in the consumer market due to high productivity and smooth taste of the leaves. Like this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of mini-stumps and production of mini-cuttings of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) cultivar Cambona 4 in different collections carried out in seminal mini-hedge system in fiberglass structure. After 60 days of establishment of the mini-hedge, four collection of mini-stumps sprouts were carried out in march, april, june and july 2015, totaling 137 days between the first and last collection. In each collection, the percentage of mini-stumps survival, number and length of shoots (cm) and the productivity of the mini-stumps (number of mini-cuttings with one bud produced by mini-stump) was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, containing four treatments (collection times), with 40 replications each. The mini-stumps presented 100% survival during the experimental period. For the variable length of sprouts, it was verified that the collections march, april and july 2015 were statistically higher, as well as presented the highest averages of mini-cuttings production by mini-stumps. The "canaletão" mini hedge system in fiberglass structure is technically feasible, as it allows to obtain high rates of survival of the mini-stumps and productivity of mini-cuttings of mate, cultivar Cambona 4, in collections made in the months of march, april and july. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfibrillated cellulose films have been gathering considerable attention due to their high mechanical properties and cheap cost. Additionally, it is possible to include compounds within the fibrillated structure in order to confer desirable properties. Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil, yerba mate leaf extract has been reported to possess a high quantity of caffeoylquinic acids that may be beneficial for other applications instead of its conventional use as a hot beverage. Therefore, we investigate the effect of blending yerba mate extract during and after defibrillation of Eucalyptus sp. bleached kraft paper by ultrafine grinding. Blending the extract during defibrillation increased the mechanical and thermal properties, besides being able to use the whole extract. Afterwards, this material was also investigated with high content loadings of starch and glycerine. The results present that yerba mate extract increases film resistance, and the defibrillated cellulose is able to protect the bioactive compounds from the extract. Additionally, the films present antibacterial activity against two known pathogens S. aureus and E. coli, with high antioxidant activity and increased cell proliferation. This was attributed to the bioactive compounds that presented faster in vitro wound healing, suggesting that microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films containing extract of yerba mate can be a potential alternative as wound healing bandages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]