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The research study was conducted in the sheep farm of the Agricultural Institute -- Stara Zagora. It included 45 Ile-de-France lambs divided into three groups with 15 animals each: one control and two experimental. The lambs from experimental group I were individually supplemented with 8 g Immunobeta prebiotic on a daily basis, whereas lambs from experimental group II received the same amount of prebiotic plus 4 g Zoovit probiotic. The following parameters were monitored -- live body weight at the beginning and the end of the experiment, daily weight gain and slaughter age in days. The experiment lasted until a live weight of 23-25 kg was attained. Then 5 male lambs from each group were slaughtered, samples from musculus Longissimus Lumborum were collected and meat chemical composition and technological properties were analyzed. It was demonstrated that the weight gain of lambs from experimental group I was by 21.74% (P ≤ 0.01) higher, and that of lambs from experimental group II: by 17.39% (P ≤ 0.01) higher compared to controls. Both supplemented groups attained slaughter live weight over a shorter period compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.001). The meat WHC was lower in the two experimental groups vs controls, indicating that the loss of moisture from m. LL meat in these groups was higher than that of controls. In summary, the study allowed concluding that the dietary supplementation of lambs with 8 g Immunobeta prebiotic and 4 g Zoovit probiotic + 8 g Immunobeta prebiotic had a beneficial effect on the growth performance of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the factor "birth type" in lambs on the performance of the meat obtained from them. The studied lambs were of the Ile de France breed and were divided into two groups: the first group is Single and the second group - Multiple. The lambs were slaughtered at 120 days of age, with 4 lambs from each group slaughtered. Samples were taken at 24 hours post mortem from the following muscles: m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), m. iliopsoas (IP) and m. semimembranous (SM). The research of the samples for the chemical composition and technological qualities of the meat was carried out 48 h post mortem, stored at 4°C. Regarding the total chemical composition of the meat, no significant difference was observed between the two study groups. There was also no significant difference between the groups in terms of technological qualities (pH value, color, roasting losses, brittleness). Only a significant difference (p < 0.01) was found in the indicator of water-holding capacity between the groups in the studied LTL and IP muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital entropion is the most frequent ocular disorder in newborn lambs of certain sheep breeds, which, if not treated, can result in complete blindness and death due to starvation. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the spontaneous healing of entropion in two breeds and assess the outcome of cases with and without therapeutic intervention. Methods: A total of 158 entropion cases (119 Ile de France and 39 Romane) were investigated, and swab samples were collected from the cornea and conjunctiva of 73 of the affected lambs for bacteriological investigation. In addition, an ocular intervention was carried out in 123 affected animals. Results: The Romane breed developed entropion at an average age of 7 days compared to the Ile de France, which developed it at an average age of 1 day. Likewise, significant differences were found between bilateral and unilateral involvement in both breeds. Meanwhile, 22.1% of cases recovered spontaneously, and the highest rate of spontaneous recovery without intervention was observed in the Romane breed (66%). Bacteria isolated from ocular samples included Staphylococcus spp. (42.5%), Bacillus spp. (21.9%), Trueperella pyogenes (13.7%), Corynebacterium spp. (12.3%) and Escherichia coli (9.6%). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the onset time of entropion, bilateral involvement, the severity of the process and the need for re‐treatment were higher in the Ile de France breed than in the Romane breed. Likewise, the Romane breed showed a higher degree of spontaneous recovery of entropion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Congenital entropion is the most frequent ocular disorder in newborn lambs of certain sheep breeds, which, if not treated, can result in complete blindness and death due to starvation. Objectives The aims of this study were to compare the spontaneous healing of entropion in two breeds and assess the outcome of cases with and without therapeutic intervention. Methods A total of 158 entropion cases (119 Ile de France and 39 Romane) were investigated, and swab samples were collected from the cornea and conjunctiva of 73 of the affected lambs for bacteriological investigation. In addition, an ocular intervention was carried out in 123 affected animals. Results The Romane breed developed entropion at an average age of 7 days compared to the Ile de France, which developed it at an average age of 1 day. Likewise, significant differences were found between bilateral and unilateral involvement in both breeds. Meanwhile, 22.1% of cases recovered spontaneously, and the highest rate of spontaneous recovery without intervention was observed in the Romane breed (66%). Bacteria isolated from ocular samples included Staphylococcus spp. (42.5%), Bacillus spp. (21.9%), Trueperella pyogenes (13.7%), Corynebacterium spp. (12.3%) and Escherichia coli (9.6%). Conclusions The results of the study showed that the onset time of entropion, bilateral involvement, the severity of the process and the need for re‐treatment were higher in the Ile de France breed than in the Romane breed. Likewise, the Romane breed showed a higher degree of spontaneous recovery of entropion.

The aim of the study is to investigate the economic efficiency of raising sheep of the Ile de France breed with a reproduction scheme - three lambs in two years. The analysis was carried out on the basis of an estimate for the establishment of a farm of 250 ewes of the Ile de France breed. The sheep will be fed both with purchased feed and with feed produced on the farm. Estimates of costs and revenues by category, types of feed required and the number of persons employed are expertly determined.The prices included in the calculations are current as of 07.2022. Two options of revenues from the sale of live animals were considered: first option: realization for the European market of live animals (including in Bulgaria) and the second option: realization of heavy meat lambs and ewe lambs for the Arab market.Revenue from subsidies is also included. According to the economic efficiency indicators of the farm for, the first option the profit from the activity is 181 571 BGN, including subsidies. Every 100 BGN revenues create 51 BGN profit. A ewe generates annually about 1 431 BGN revenue, 705 BGN expenses and BGN 726 profit, including subsidies. According to the second option, it was established that the profit from the activity was 222 386 BGN with subsidies included. Every 100 BGN revenues generate 56 BGN profit. A ewe generates annually about 1 594 BGN revenue, 705 BGN expenses and 890 BGN profit with included subsidies. This option appears to be more profitable than the alternative, as each ewe generates 164 BGN more profit compared to the first option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mass movement of raw material in the eighteenth century determined industrial, agricultural, social, and visual environments. Using the global supply chain as an organizing principle, this essay examines how four raw materials shaped and were shaped by politics and society. Each of the four elements—silver, seeds, mother-of-pearl, and sugar—is addressed at one stage of its international circulation. Brittany Luberda begins by analyzing labor practices in the extraction of silver from the mines of Potosí during the Spanish colonization of present-day Bolivia. Sophie Tunney traces a material's journey across the sea, revealing the complexities of transporting living plants and the politics of French colonies. Cynthia Kok shows how mother-of-pearl shells, by-products of the pearl trade, were transformed by Netherlandish craftspeople into objects of value by adapting their existing expertise. Sarah Cohen then examines how two silver sugar casters made in the form of enslaved people were used to visualize the coerced labor that produced a sweet commodity for the global economy. Presented in a format that reflects the movement of a material from its excavation and transportation through to its manipulation and reception, we offer a model for investigating the life cycle of eighteenth-century material culture, which was itself multi-layered, interactive, and entangled with colonialist ambition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Versants: Revista Suiza de Literaturas Románicas is the property of University Library of Bern and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare some hematological and biochemical variables in Kangal Akkaraman, Texel, and Île de France sheep breeds in the lactation period in Sivas province. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 ewe from three breeds (Kangal Akkaraman = 40, Texel = 40, Île de France = 40) who were clinically healthy nonpregnant and lactating (40-60 days) were used in the study. Hematological and biochemical variables analysis were performed using automatic cell counting and autoanalyzer devices. Results: There was no significant difference in WBC, Hb, MCHC, MPV levels between ewe breeds (p>0.05). RBC value was higher in Kangal Akkaraman than others (p0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and P levels were higher in Kangal Akkaraman compared to others (p Conclusion: These results can constitute a reference value in these three sheep breeds reared in Sivas province, and help form a basis for future research.

The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the sequence of lambing of the Ile de France ewes on the weight performance of the lambs. The study was carried out with 531 lambs (271 females and 260 males) with different types of birth (singles and twins) from Ile de France breed from the herd of IAS – Kostinbrod, born in the period 2016–2020. Live weights were measured at birth, at 10 days, at 30 days and at 70 days of age, with a deviation of ± 2 days. The average daily gain between 10–30 days and between 30–70 days was calculated. The effect of the sequence of lambing on the studied indicators was assessed by one way ANOVA, the significance of the influence of the factors was determined by the values of Fisher’s F-test, and the significance of the differences between the studied groups – using Student’s t-test, with Data Analysis statistical package of Excel 2021, Microsoft. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) of lambing sequence of ewes on variation in live weight at 70 days of age and gain between 30–70 days in twins of both sexes, as well as live weight at birth in male lambs (P < 0.05). The average values of the weight indicators show a tendency to increase from the first to the fourth lambing of the ewes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of selection in sheep populations and the successful management of all processes related to breeding and improvement depends primarily on a properly developed breeding program. In this regard, precise information is needed on the effect of various factors on main productivity traits and farms economic efficiency. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of various factors (genetic and non-genetic) on the productivity of Ile de France ewes. Subject of research were two ewe flocks of the Ile de France breed, raised at the Experimental farms of the Agricultural Institute - Stara Zagora and Institute of Animal Science - Kostinbrod, Bulgaria, for the period of 5 years. The effect of the influence of genetic (sire, dam and genealogic line), biological factors (age, sequence of birth, type of birth and number of live-born lambs at sequent lambing), as well as environmental factors (flock-year-season, and year of production) on the level of productive traits live weight and fecundity were established. The live weight of the animals at birth, at 10, 30 and 70 days of age, at weaning, at 9, 18 months and 2.5 years, and the number of lambs born per ewe on average for the study period were indicated. The statistical working model was based on the "Animalmodel". Based on the results obtained, it could be summarized that genetic factors (sire, dam and genealogic line) had a highly significant influence (p < 0.001) on all traits within the study. Biological factors (age, sequence of birth, type of birth and number of live-born lambs at sequent lambing) influenced the productive performance of ewes with varying degrees of significance (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Environmental factors (flock-year-season, and year of production) had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on most of the studied traits. It can be concluded that genetic and environmental factors had a highly significant influence on all traits, while biological factors had varying degrees of significance an effect on productive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Haemonchus contortus is the major gastrointestinal parasite of sheep raised in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. This trial aimed to evaluate the influence of H. contortus infection on the bone marrow response of Santa Ines (SI) and Ile de France (IF) suckling lambs experimentally infected with H. contortus. Fourteen SI lambs and 12 IF lambs were randomized in four groups: infected SI (n=8), non-infected SI (n=6), infected IF (n=8) and non-infected IF (n=4). Lambs of infected groups were submitted to 27 infections, conducted every two days, from 14 to 68 days of age, and each lamb received a total of 5400 H. contortus infective larvae (L3). Ten blood samples were obtained during the experimental period to be used for erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, packed cell volume and total plasma protein estimation. Additionally, it was carried out a differential leukocyte count. Lambs from control groups did not shed eggs in faeces all over the experiment, while infected Santa Ines and Ile de France lambs presented means of 2963 EPG (Eggs Per Gram of faeces) and 8175 EPG in the last sampling (P

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the year (year of birth and respectively, the years of realization of the births) on the biological fertility of the first and second lambing of sheep of the Ile de France breed. The study was conducted with 171 purebred ewes reared in IAS – Kostinbrod in the period 2008–2017. The study included only sheep with two consecutive lambing (first and second) in two consecutive calendar years. The years had a significant effect on the variation of fecundity, both on the first lambing (F = 2.117, P < 0.05) and on the second lambing (F = 2.562, P < 0.01). The fecundity of the first lambing for the separate years varied widely – the highest fecundity had those born in 2013 – 175.00%, and the lowest – those born in 2015 – 117.65%. The same wide variation was observed again in the second lambing – the highest fertility had those born in 2015 – 182.35%, and the lowest – those born in 2017 – 110.00%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the type of birth on the weight development of Ile de France lambs. The study was carried out with 472 Ile de France lambs (230 female and 242 male) with different birth type (single, twins, triplets and more) from the herd of Institute of Animal Science − Kostinbrod for the period 2016−2020. The live weight at birth, at 10 days, 30 days and 70 days were measured. The average daily weight gain between 10 and 30th days and 30th and 70th day was determined. The data were statistically evaluated. The effect of the type of birth on the examined traits was determined through one way ANOVA using Data Analysis statistical package of Excel 2016, Microsoft. Significant effect of the birth type on the live weight was observed in the female (P<0.001) and male lambs (P<0.01, P<0.001) on all the studied ages (at birth, at 10, 30 and 70 days of age). The effect of type of birth on the average daily gain between 10 and 30 th day and in the female animals (P<0.001) and a lack of such in the male lambs on the weight gain between 10-30th days and between 30-70 days in both male and female lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the year of birth on the growth performance of Ile de France lambs. The study included 474 lambs (230 females and 244 males) of different type of birth (singles, twins, triplets and more) from the herd of the Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod for the period 2016–2020. The live weight of the lambs was measured at birth, 10 days of age, and between 30 and 70 days of age. The average daily gain was determined between 10 and 30 days and between 30 and 70 days of age. The effect of the year on the examined parameters was assessed through one way ANOVA, using Data Analysis package of Excel 2016, Microsoft. The year of birth affected significantly the live weight of the female lambs with different birth type, except the singles, as well as of the males both singles and twins. Furthermore, the year of birth had significant effect on the weight gain between 10 and 30 days in both sexes with different type of birth, and also between 30 and 70 days in the male and female singles and twins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiovascular system in newborns has unique features; the system differs from that of foetuses due to the onset of pulmonary respiration and the closure of shunts and differs from that of adults due to heart and autonomic system immaturity. Twenty Ile de France lambs were evaluated during the first 35 days of life to describe changes in the electrical conduction of the heart and in the sympathetic and parasympathetic system during the neonatal period. Electrocardiographic evaluation and the sympathovagal balance was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) were performed, and ambulatory electrocardiography was performed with a Holter system from birth and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. There was a significant difference in the duration of the PR and QT intervals and the T wave, as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the P, R and T waves for the evaluated moments. The heart rate and total QRS decreased progressively until 35 days, whereas the HRV indexes increased during the same period. The neonatal period requires care and attention, as several adaptations for neonate survival in the extrauterine environment occur during this period. Abbreviations: HRV: heart rate variability; PR, QT: electrocardiographic intervals; P, R and T: electrocardiographic waves; QRS: electrocardiographic complexes; I, II, III, aVL, aVF and aVL: electrocardiographic member derivations; FP: frontal plane of electrocardiogram; HR: heart rate; RR or NN: interval between two R waves in Holter evaluation; NNmed: the average value of all normal cycles measured during the Holter evaluation; RMSSD: square root of the average of successive differences squared between normal RR intervals measured during the Holter evaluation; pNN50: successive differences between the percentage of RR intervals greater than 50 ms in Holter evaluation

Subject of the study were 1115 pure-bred sheep of the Ile de France breed. The animals were born during the period 2008- 2016 and were raised under similar technological conditions and nutrition in three farms in the northern part of Bulgaria. The weight growth of 1115 ewes was studied from birth to 2 years of age, as well as the reproductive traits. Live weight at birth, at 30 days, 70 days, 9 months and 2 years of the age of sheep were measured. The traits average daily gain in periods, conception rates, and biological prolificacy from first to fifth parity of ewes were investigated. 2413 observations in total were recorded. The information was derived from the Genealogy Book kept by the Breeders of the Ile de France Breeders Association in Bulgaria (AILFB), as instructed in the Instruction Codex for Control of Productive Traits and Complex Evaluation. The information was processed using the variation statistics methods. It was found that Ile de France breed was successfully adapted in our country. The average live weight recorded was: 4.564 kg -- at birth, 15.049 kg at 30 days, 24.137 kg at 70 days, 54.750 kg at 9 months, and 70.465 kg at 2 years. The average daily gains gradually decreased from 0.349 kg in the fi rst month after birth, to 0.228 kg at 70 days, and to 0.153 kg for the period from 70 days to 9 months of age. Average conception rates of 94.98 % in the ewes was established, ranging from 92.89 % at sixth parity to 97.68 % at fourth parity. Highest was the prolifi cacy (1.720 lambs per ewe) at fourth parity (P< 0.001), the average of the studied data being 1.581 lambs per ewe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiovascular system in newborns has unique features; the system differs from that of foetuses due to the onset of pulmonary respiration and the closure of shunts and differs from that of adults due to heart and autonomic system immaturity. Twenty Ile de France lambs were evaluated during the first 35 days of life to describe changes in the electrical conduction of the heart and in the sympathetic and parasympathetic system during the neonatal period. Electrocardiographic evaluation and the sympathovagal balance was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) were performed, and ambulatory electrocardiography was performed with a Holter system from birth and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days of age. There was a significant difference in the duration of the PR and QT intervals and the T wave, as well as a decrease in the amplitude of the P, R and T waves for the evaluated moments. The heart rate and total QRS decreased progressively until 35 days, whereas the HRV indexes increased during the same period. The neonatal period requires care and attention, as several adaptations for neonate survival in the extrauterine environment occur during this period. Abbreviations: HRV: heart rate variability; PR, QT: electrocardiographic intervals; P, R and T: electrocardiographic waves; QRS: electrocardiographic complexes; I, II, III, aVL, aVF and aVL: electrocardiographic member derivations; FP: frontal plane of electrocardiogram; HR: heart rate; RR or NN: interval between two R waves in Holter evaluation; NNmed: the average value of all normal cycles measured during the Holter evaluation; RMSSD: square root of the average of successive differences squared between normal RR intervals measured during the Holter evaluation; pNN50: successive differences between the percentage of RR intervals greater than 50 ms in Holter evaluation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks have a strong transformative effect over our culture and practices. In addition to traditional social relations, new digital social bonds have increased in virtual spaces. However, these online practices are also embedded in actual material spaces and define territorialities. This exploratory paper aims at investigating the spatial dimension of digital practices of Facebook users through the spatial analysis of individual check-ins. The case study is drawn from data collected in 252 municipalities, in the Northern suburbs of Paris, an area with about 1 M inhabitants. Data used are composed of 1935 geotagged unique places on Facebook network, i.e. 2 M checks-in. The choice of this intermediate density suburban area allows questioning the main representations of areas traditionally characterized by low levels of urbanity and a lack of spatial identities. This paper is meant to highlight the Facebook network as real « spatial goggles », added to traditional spatial variables. Indeed, datas show a specific geography of geotagging practices, identified by the means of density maps, and digital hot-spots in these suburban areas of the Greater Paris region. From a theoretical viewpoint, this paper brings a better understanding of the news online information layer, which can to traditional offline information layers in geographical analysis at a local level.

The Community Supported Agriculture, born in France in the beginning of the XXIst century, have established themselves as a successful formula. These CSA, product of the meeting between a consumer group and one or several producers, are analyzed as an alternative model of consumption which breaks with traditional distribution supply chains as an agricultural model around new means of production (organic or at least sustainable farming), short food supply chains in a direct contact with the consumer. The key word is relocalisation, of both the production and the consumption, with all the effects of development expected in a new city-country synergy.Our intention here is a journey to Ile-de-France CSA, which the number borders upon three hundred with a profusion of “basket” initiatives, some of them very distant from the first inclusive logics. The analysis will focus on the consumer and farmer profile, and the choice for coming into CSA with the relationship to local as the predominant angle. Often presented as an obvious fact, the “local”, the very essence of the CSA approach, shows various significations according to the different actors. It refers to a non-material definition when it identifies itself as the sole delivering place; it can be tinged with materiality when it focuses on soil and climatic particularities of production; it favours immaterial when it expresses the relationship between a range of places and organizations more or less well located. The “local” becomes sometimes the whole Paris basin, sometimes the sole delivery place, sometimes the plot of land for the producer. Far from revealing a “already here local”, the CSA approach partakes of a creation of new relations between city and country, or even new social relations.

The aim of the present study was to test transrectal real-time B-mode ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in ewes from the Ile de France breed on day 16, 23 and 30 after fixed-time artificial insemination. The experiment was carried out with 22 multiparous pure-bred Ile de France ewes aged 2-5 years. Diagnosis of pregnancy was based on the presence of enlarged uterine lumen with amniotic fluid and visualisation of embryo. The accuracy (Ac %), sensitivity (Se %) and specificity (Sp %) of the technique were determined. The gestational phase influenced significantly (P<0.01) the accuracy of the transrectal ultrasonography approach for pregnancy diagnosis. At day 16 the accuracy was 50.0%, whereas at day 23 and at day 30 it reached 72.73% and 90.91% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avaliou-se o consumo alimentar residual (CAR) e a conversão alimentar (CA) de 20 cordeiros, com o objetivo de estimar as correlações entre essas variáveis com medidas de desempenho e com características in vivo da carcaça. Os animais tiveram o consumo de MS (CMS) mensurado por 65 dias e foram pesados a cada 13 dias para obtenção do ganho médio diário (GMD). Foram considerados o peso vivo inicial (PVI), o peso vivo final (PVF), o peso metabólico (PM), o GMD, a taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), a taxa de Kleiber (TK), a CA, o CMS e o CMS em percentual do PV (CMSPV). As avaliações de carcaça foram realizadas por ultrassom. O CAR se mostrou correlacionado com o CMS (+0,81), o CMSPV (+0,90) e a CA (+0,63). Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre CA e GMD; CA e TCR; CA e TK; e CA e PVI (-0,63, -0,74, -0,75 e +0,51, respectivamente). O CAR e a CA não se mostraram correlacionados com características de carcaça, e, da mesma forma, não houve diferença entre as classes de CAR para essas variáveis. Confirmou-se o potencial do CAR como medida de eficiência alimentar para cordeiros em confinamento, sem existência de relações com o ganho de peso e o tamanho corporal e sem alterações na composição da carcaça.The residual feed intake (RFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 20 lambs was evaluated in order to estimate the correlations between these traits and performance measures and with in vivo carcass characteristics. The animals had their dry matter intake (DMI) measured over 65 days and they were weighed every 13 days to determine the average daily weight gain (ADG). Initial body weight (IBW), final body weight (FBW), metabolic weight (MW), ADG, relative growth rate (RGR), Kleiber ratio (KR), FCR, DMI and DMI in BW percentual (BWDMI) were considered. The carcass evaluation was performed by ultrasound. The RFI was correlated with the DMI (+0.81), BWDMI (+0.90) and with FCR (+0.63). Significant correlations were found between FCR and ADG; FCR and RGR; and FCR and KR; and FCR and IBW (-0.63, -0.74, -0.75 and +0.51 respectively). The RFI and the FCR were not correlated with carcass traits and similarly there was no difference between the RFI-classes for these variables. It was proved the RFI has potential as a measure of feed efficiency for housed lambs, without the existence of relations with weight gain and body size of animals and without changes in carcass composition.

Urban polycentrism is often supposed to reduce the distance traveled and also car use. By analyzing two subcenters of the Ile-de-France region, we show that the hypothesis concerning a positive effect on distance traveled is validated for non-work purposes. In terms of transport modes the conclusion is less clear. People living in the subcenters use car less than other suburban residents but non-residents people who enter or leave the subcenters, who are more and more numerous, are mainly car users.

Se estudió el efecto del cruzamiento de hembras Pampinta con machos de las razas Ile de France y Texel sobre el peso al nacimiento, el crecimiento de los corderos y algunas características de la res en animales predestete antes de la faena. El ensayo se realizó en Anguil, La Pampa, durante el año 2004, bajo un sistema pastoril con verdeos de avena a fines de invierno y alfalfas en primavera, con 115 corderos en total: 39 Pampinta (P), 35 Ile de France (I) y 41 Texel (T). Se registró el peso al nacimiento a los 53 (±3), 95 (±3.3) y a los 123 (±4) días y se calculó la ganancia de peso diaria (GPV) desde el nacimiento a dichas fechas. A los 123 (±5) días de edad, en coincidencia con el destete, se midió el área de ojo de bife, el perímetro del músculo y el espesor de grasa subcutánea mediante ecografías sobre el músculo longissimus dorsi, a nivel de 12va costilla. El peso al nacimiento se vio afectado por los cruzamientos, ya que los corderos Pampinta puros resultaron en promedio un 7% más pesados que los provenientes de cruzas con Ile de France (p=.01). Tanto el sexo como el tipo de parto tuvieron efectos significativos sobre el peso al nacimiento (p=.03 y p

Cet article fait suite aux propositions de l’équipe du laboratoire de recherche ACS (ENSA Paris-Malaquais) dans le cadre de l’Atelier International du Grand Paris (AIGP) depuis 2008. Il reprend également le travail que les chercheurs d’ACS mènent sur les Entre-Lieux au sein du programme ANR TerrHab « De l’habitabilité à la territorialité (et retour) : à propos de périurbanités, d’individus et de collectifs en interaction » (UMR Pacte – Université de Grenoble). Sur la base de ces travaux, il s’agit dans cet article de conduire une double investigation théorique et de terrain pour, d’une part, reconnaître, décrire et comprendre des pans entiers de territoires périurbains délaissés ou décriés et, d’autre part, pour évaluer leurs capacités de transformation, voire de métamorphose. Le premier volet de l’article tente de fédérer ce qu’il y a de commun entre des expressions cherchant à qualifier ces espaces – non-lieux, friches, terrain vagues, vides ou délaissés – pour en déceler les potentialités. Le second volet est une application de cet outil théorique à une commune du Grand Paris, Achères, une ville de 20 000 habitants située dans les Yvelines. En conjuguant ces deux volets, nous proposons un mode d’analyse de terrain et une grille de lecture des entre-deux, dans leurs dimensions spatiales et dans leurs dynamismes temporels.

Our research focuses on the in-between spaces and their impact in the context of urban policies brought on the density. The densification is one of the goals of “compact and dense” city. What is the role of these spaces between the spheres of public and private in urban policies and procedures implemented in the territory ? We hypothesize that these architectural forms resulting practices are sustainable and installed in a logical part of the construction of suburban and residential areas. Give legitimacy to the in-between spaces which are invested by the people contributes to the construction of sustainable urban development for the development of territories, even if we know that the local legislative contexts and tools have a legal role in the investment opportunities of the plot. By analyzing the evolution of these in-between spaces on suburbs in Ile-de-France, we expect to better understand the process of densification of suburban fabric and their possible planning.