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Batik merupakan salah satu warisan seni budaya bangsa Indonesia yang ada untuk terus dipertahankan dan dikembangkan. Upaya ini dilakukan dengan memperbanyak motif--motif baru yang salah satunya dengan mengekplorasi keunikan alam yang ada. Alam Sulawesi Tengah dengan keunikan flora-nya, yaitu bunga anggrek dengan nama Latin Calanthe Triplicata merupakan jenis tanaman endemic yang diekplorasi guna mendapatkan motif baru untuk menambah keragaman Batik di Indonesia. Etnomatematika merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu matematika untuk membahas hubungan antara matematika dan budaya yang dapat digunakan untuk membentuk pola Batik, khususnya bentuk fraktal. Bentuk fraktal adalah suatu objek yang tampak memiliki kemiripan diri yang simetris satu sama lain jika dilihat pada skala tertentu dan merupakan bagian terkecil dari keseluruhan struktur objek. Di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan bentuk fraktal dengan mentransformasi tanaman anggrek sebagai branding unik untuk motif batik Sulawesi Tengah. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh berupa metif-motif baru yang unik, menarik dan elegan yang kita sebut dengan motif Sambuang, Rekang, Kecrek dan Angkan.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan Pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data ( Data Reduction), penyajian data ( Data Display), Dan penarikan kesimpulan ( Conclusion Drawing) teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengelolaan perpustakaan berbasis layanan prima pada UPT perpustakaan UIN datokarama Palu mengenai sikap: Hampir seluruh pegawai bersikap ramah. Perhatian: Hampir seluruh pegawai sudah memberikan keinginan dan kebutuhan pemustaka, tindakan: pegawai perpustakaan bertindak cepat dan tepat dalam memberikan kebutuhan dan keinginan pemustaka, antisipasi: Apabila Koleksi Buku tidak ditemukan diperpustakaan. Pustakawan segera membantu dengan membuka E-book yang ada diperpustakaan.

Microemulsions are excellent candidates as potential drug delivery systems because of their improved drug solubilization, long shelf life, and ease of preparation and administration. The formulation of microemulsion for pharmaceutical use requires a thorough understanding of the properties uses, and limitations of the microemulsion. Three distinct microemulsions – oil external, water external and middle phase can be used for drug delivery, depending upon the type of drug delivery upon the type of drug and the site of action. In this article, Since the term micro emulsion’ was first coined almost fifty years ago to describe clear, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems composed of oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant, numerous and varied reports of the applications of microemulsions have appeared in the literature. Reports of the use of microemulsions in separation science began to appear in the literature in the early 1990’s when they were first used as mobile phases for HPLC and as carrier electrolytes for CE separations, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.

With advances in biotechnology, genomics, and combinatorial chemistry, a wide variety of new, more potent and specific therapeutics are being created. Because of common problems such as low solubility, high potency, and/or poor stability of many of these new drugs, the means of drug delivery can impact efficacy and potential for commercialization as much as the nature of the drug itself. Thus, there is a corresponding need for safer and more effective methods and devices for drug delivery. Microspheres having particle size in range between 0.1-200 µm, can be delivered by several routes like oral, parentral, nasal, ophthalmic, transdermal, colonal etc. In future by combining various new strategies, microspheres will find a central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, genetic materials, safe, targeting and effective drug delivery.

In current scenario about 74% drugs are taken orally and are found not to be as desired. Transdermal drug distribution system used to make such characters more efficient. Drug distribution through the skin is known as normally transdermal to check the systemic effect of the drug. Drug distribution and traditional magazine is different from drug distribution. TDDS is in the from of hoofs. Adhesive of transdermal drug distribution system are important for safety , efficacy, and product quality. Occasional praise of the therapeutic agent gives a lot of benefits and drug distribution over traditional oral and intramuscular drugs. Many of the important benefits of transdermal drug distribution are the extent of metabolism near the liver. Increased in bioavailability of stable plasma fixation of drug. provides or overview of article types Transdermal patch preparation and physicochemical methods are evaluate.

Purpose: We investigated Patients presenting with chronic orchialgia at Andrology in institute of kidney and diseases Peshawar, from 2003 August up to when were included. Materials and Methods: A thorough history and physical examination was undertaken including description of pain by the patient in terms of site, severity, radiation and associated pain. Extensive workup, directed by history and phsical examination, was done to rule out reversible causes of orchalgia. All patients had urinalysis, culture and ultrasound scrotum with color Doppler. Further investigations like semen analysis, culture and hormonal workup were done if indicated. The intensity of the pain was noted according to visual analogue scale. Patients were subdivided into three groups as mild pain (group A, pain score=1 - 3), moderate pain (group B, pain score=4 - 6) and severe pain, (group C, pain score=7 - 10). Site of pain and radiation/association to any other region was recorded. Finding: Results of the study indicated that 92 patients reported at institute of kidney diseases Peshawar with chronic orchialgia had their mean age at 37+/-4years. Five patients lost to followo 92 were included in final analysis (table 01). Pain was partially relieved in 14 patients and not relieved in another 9 patients which is almost 76% of total patients. These non-responders were compared with the remaining in which pain was completely relieved. There was no difference in etiology among responders and non-responders, however pain severity was more in non-responders at initial presentation (table 2). Conclusions: Patients with pelvic floor muscle spasm are more likely to experience treatment failure following microscopic subinguinal spermatic cord denervation for chronic scrotal content pain, even with a favorable response to spermatic cord block. A history relating to pelvic floor muscle spasm should be taken for all patients presenting with chronic orchialgia or chronic scrotal content pain, and digital rectal exam should be performed if the history is suggestive. If underlying pelvic floor dysfunction exists, pelvic floor physical therapy can be offered to patients prior to spermatic cord denervation. History of prior vasectomy, epididymectomy, prior inguinal or scrotal surgery or other patient demographic factors were not associated with treatment failure.

Purpose: Varicocele is a common type of male genital disease and can occur in men of any age, especially young people. Clinically venous enlargement or varicocele are found in about 15% of the general male population, up to 35% of men with primary fertility, and 75% of men with secondary fertility dysfunction. Varicoceles are known to be the most common cause of male infertility and can be corrected surgically, but the exact mechanism of sperm formation caused by varicocele-induced impairment remains controversial. Most men with varicocele are asymptomatic and infertile, with only 15% – 20% suffering from physical discomfort or other fertility-related problems. With therefore systematically evaluated the RCTs published together and summarized evidence evaluating the benefits of testicular delivery and ligation of gubernacular vein in microsurgical varicocelectomy. Methodology: Comprehensive electronic search using the keywords "microsurgical varicocelectomy", "gubernacular vein", "testicular delivery", "infertility" and "varicocele" was done in databases of Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. English language used to search databases. Some studies were taken from studies references. Result: Two studies reported grade II and III of varicoceles in patients that participated in the study. Overall sperm count in microsurgical resection with testicular delivery compared to microsurgical resection without testicular delivery, increased significantly (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07-0.39, p = 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, as a result of this systematic review and meta-analysis, compared with microsurgical varicocelectomy without testicular delivery, delivery of the testicles during microsurgical varicocelectomy to further to further ligate the gonadal veins leads to epidydemo orchitis and oedema, and longer surgery. In addition, testicular delivery may not improve parameters of sperm, serum testosterone, and incidence of varicose veins, wound inflammation and spontaneous pregnancy compared to non-delivered testicles. However, a higher level of research is needed to determine if testicular delivery is an important surgery in microsurgical venous ligation.

This study aims to determine consumer satisfaction with the development of bagea product quality at UD. Baruasa left Kendari City using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Determination of the research location is done purposively. Data were collected by interview and documentation methods. The analytical method used is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The results showed the development of bagea product quality at UD. Baruasa Membiri using the QFD method, it was found that the priorities for development by the wishes and needs of the customers were: (1) information on the nutritional value of bagea product packaging (8.70%), (2) variants of bagea product types (8, 25%), (3) attractive packaging design for bagea products (7.78%), (4) affordable selling prices for bagea products (7.15%), (5) there are promotional media (7.12%), (6 ) price compatibility with bagea product quality (6.39%), (7) no use of hazardous materials (6.36%),(8) bagea product texture (6.27%), (9) bagea product halal certificate and label (6.16%), (10) bagea product taste (6.07%), (11) special price for certain purchases of bagea products (6.05%), (12) bagea product quality (6.01%), ( 13) color of bagea products (5.95%), (14) expiration information (expiration date) (5.89%), and (15) ease of getting bagea products (5.79%).

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the stigma associated with coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19) among health care workers (HCWs) in Indonesia during the early phase of the pandemic.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 hospitals across the country in March, 2020. A logistic regression was employed to assess the association between stigma and explanatory variables.Results:In total, 288 HCWs were surveyed, of which 93.4% had never experienced any outbreaks. Approximately 21.9% of the respondents had stigma associated with COVID-19. HCWs who were doctors, had not participated in trainings related to COVID-19, worked in the capital of the province, worked at private hospitals, or worked at a hospital with COVID-19 triage protocols were likely to have no stigma associated with COVID-19.Conclusions:The stigma associated with COVID-19 is relatively high among HCWs in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Adequate dissemination of knowledge and adequate protection are necessary to reduce stigma among HCWs.

Background Hesitancy towards vaccination has been studied as a barrier to vaccination among children, as well as participation in vaccine trials. This study aimed to investigate hesitancy towards vaccination among parents in Indonesia, as a part of the Indonesia Zika Vaccine Study. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in eleven regencies and municipalities in Aceh and West Sumatra province, Indonesia. Parents were recruited from families at outpatient clinics of community health centers or hospitals. The survey included various questions about sociodemographic factors and the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) scale. Linear regression was employed to assess the association between explanatory variables and vaccine hesitancy. Results A total of 956 parents were interviewed and 26.4% of participants had heard about Zika. Overall, 152 parents (15.9%) were vaccine hesitant, and this proportion was the highest in the safety and efficacy subdomain (61.6%). In the unadjusted analysis, having a diploma certificate, working in the health sector, and having heard about Zika were significantly associated with non-hesitancy towards children vaccination. Having heard about Zika was the only factor that was significantly associated with hesitancy towards vaccination in multivariate model (aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.71). Mothers, younger parents (aged 20–29 years old), and those with only a primary school education were more concerned about vaccine safety and efficacy compared to fathers, older groups, and individuals with more education, respectively. Conclusions Hesitancy towards pediatric vaccination is observed in 15% of respondents and most of the hesitancy was expressed in terms of vaccine safety and efficacy. Therefore, continuous dissemination of vaccine information needs to be carried out to earn parents’ trust and increase vaccination coverage in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine consumer satisfaction with the development of bagea product quality at UD. Baruasa left Kendari City by using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Determination of the research location purposively. Data collection was done by interview and documentation methods. The analytical method used is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). The results showed that the development of bagea product quality at UD. Baruasa Membiri using the QFD method, it was found that the priorities to be developed by the wishes and needs of customers, respectively, were: (1) Information on the nutritional value of bagea product packaging (8.70%), (2) Variants of bagea product types (8, 25%), (3) Attractive packaging design for bagea products (7.78%), (4) Affordable selling prices for bagea products (7.15%), (5) There are promotional media (7.12%), (6 ) Price compatibility with bagea product quality (6.39%), (7) No use of hazardous materials (6.36%),(8) Bagea product texture (6.27%), (9) Bagea product halal certificate and label (6.16%), (10) Bagea product taste (6.07%), (11) Special purchase price for bagea product (6.05%), (12) Bagea product quality (6.01%), ( 13) Color of bagea products (5.95%), (14) Expiration information (expiration date) (5.89%), and (15) Ease of getting bagea products (5.79%).

Objective: To assess healthcare workers’ knowledge of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the early phase of the outbreak in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 hospitals in Indonesia from March 6 to March 25, 2020. Healthcare workers’ knowledge on COVID-19 was assessed, and demographic data, workplace characteristics, and medical professional characteristics as well as the current local situation of COVID-19 were collected. To characterize determinants associated with knowledge, a logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: Out of 288 healthcare workers who completed the interview-assisted questionnaire, 149 (51.7%) respondents had a good knowledge. Nurses and other types of healthcare workers had lower odds of having good knowledge compared to doctors: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20-0.72 and aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13-0.73, respectively. Compared to healthcare workers who had medical practice experience less than 5 years, those who had worked for more than 10 years had lower knowledge (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.90). Healthcare workers who worked in the infection department had higher knowledge compared to those in the emergency room (aOR: 14.33; 95% CI: 3.67-55.88). Conclusions: The knowledge of COVID-19 among surveyed healthcare workers was relatively low. The COVID-19 response in Indonesia will require further education and enhancement of the capacity of healthcare workers in the emergency room where COVID-19 patients may be treated the earliest.

Background Understanding people’s perceptions of the economic benefits of a potential Zika vaccine (ZV) is critical to accelerating its introduction into either public sector programs or private market. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a hypothetical ZV and the associated explanatory variables in Indonesia. Methods We conducted a health facility-based cross-sectional study in Aceh and West Sumatra province from 1 February to 13 June 2018. Patients who visited outpatient departments, have had children or were expecting their first child, were approached and interviewed to collect information on acceptance, WTP, demographic and socio-economic variables and attitudes towards childhood vaccines. Associations of explanatory variables influencing acceptance and WTP were assessed using logistic regression and linear regression analysis, respectively. Results In total, 956 respondents were included in the final analysis of acceptance, of whom 338 (35.3%) expressed their WTP. We found that 757 (79.1%) of the respondents were likely to be vaccinated and to recommend their partner to be vaccinated. Higher educational attainment, having a job, having heard about Zika and a good attitude towards childhood vaccination were associated with ZV acceptance in the univariate analyses. In the multivariate analysis, attitude towards childhood vaccination was the strongest predictor for ZV vaccination. We found the geometric mean and median of WTP was US$ 13.1 (95% CI: 11.37–15.09) and US$ 7.0 (95% CI: 4.47–10.98), respectively. In the final model, having heard about Zika, having a job, and higher income were associated with a higher WTP. Conclusion Although the acceptance rate of the ZV is relatively high in Indonesia, less than 40% of respondents are willing to pay, underscoring the need for a low-cost, high-quality vaccine and public sector subsidies for Zika vaccinations in the country.

Gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable behaviors. Our aim was to study the baseline characteristics and outcomes of GEP-NETs and to establish the impact of tumor grade and resectability on the survival.A single center retrospective review of patients registered at SKMCHRC Pakistan with the diagnosis of GEP-NETs was carried out from the Hospital Information System. The baseline characteristics of 134 diagnosed patients from January 2006 to August 2020 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and Disease Free Survival (DFS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curve. The impact of tumor grade and resectability was seen on the OS and DFS. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 23. Categorical parameters were computed using ChiSquare test, keeping p-value =0.05 significant.A large majority had Grade 1 disease (59%) along with localized stage at presentation (73.1%) as compared to Grade 2 (23.9%) and Grade 3 (17.1%) disease with metastatic stage at presentation (26.9%). The 5 year OS according to tumor grade was, 88%, 57% and 0% in low, intermediate and high grade respectively. The 5-year OS was 94%, 79% and 43% in the completele, incomplete and in unresectable disease group, respectively.GEP-NETs are rare tumors with good outcomes in Grade I and II and poor outcomes in grade III Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (NEC). Tumor grade and complete surgery of the primary tumor are important predictors of response outcomes and prognosis.

In dengue-endemic countries such as Indonesia, Zika may be misdiagnosed as dengue, leading to underestimates of Zika disease and less foreknowledge of pregnancy-related complications such as microcephaly. Objective: To assess the attitudes of frontline physicians in a dengue-endemic country toward testing for Zika infection among patients with dengue-like illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) in Indonesia. The survey assessed their attitude and also collected sociodemographic data, characteristics of their medical education, professional background, and workplace, and exposure to Zika cases. A two-step logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible variables associated with these attitudes. Results: A total of 370 GPs were included in the final analysis of which 70.8% had good attitude. Unadjusted analyses suggested that GPs who were 30 years old or older and those who had medical experience five years or longer had lower odds of having a positive attitude compared to those who aged younger than 30 years and those who had medical experience less than five years, OR: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.91 and OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.35, 0.86, respectively. No explanatory variable was associated with attitude in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: Our findings point to younger GPs with a shorter medical experience being more likely to consider testing for Zika infection among their patients presenting with dengue-like illnesses. Strategic initiatives may be needed to enhance older or longer-experienced physicians' capacity in diagnosing Zika infection.

Background The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards pregnancy-related issues of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection among general practitioners (GPs), a frontline healthcare worker group, in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional, online survey assessing knowledge and attitudes towards ZIKV infection on multiple-item scales was sent to GPs in the Sumatra and Java islands of Indonesia. The associations between independent factors and either knowledge or attitude were assessed with logistic regressions. The correlation and association between knowledge and attitude were estimated. Results We included 457 (53.7%) out of 850 responses in the analysis. Among these, 304 (66.5%) and 111 (24.2%) respondents had a good knowledge and attitude, respectively. No demographic, workplace, professional development, or experiential characteristics related to ZIKV infection were associated with knowledge. In the multivariate analysis, only contact experience was associated with attitude. There was a significant, positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores. Conclusions Although knowledge of pregnancy-related complications of ZIKV infection is relatively high among GPs in Indonesia, more than 75% of them had a poor attitude towards pregnancy-related issues of Zika. Strategies for enhancing the capacity of GPs to develop positive attitudes and respond to ZIKV infection are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4297-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Desa Parappe merupakan salah satu desa yang 50% mayoritas mata pencaharian di bidang pertanian dan perkebunan. Terkait permasalahan kesehatan di masa pandemik ternyata masih banyak ditemukan belum mengikuti anjuran pemerintah yaitu melakukan 3M. Metode pelaksanaan Kegiatan melalui Pendekatan Partisipatif dan wawancara, konsultasi dan menentukan keputusan tindakan. Melalui Evaluasi kegiatan dengan Model desain CIPP. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi langsung di Desa Panyampa masalah yang mempengaruhi status kesehatan masyarakat yaitu faktor perilaku kesadaran masyarakat yang kurang. Salah satu prosedur dalam menjalankan protokol kesehatan adalah mencuci tangan, sehingga melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini terbentuklah program dengan menciptakan sebuah alat inovasi yaitu westafel cuci tangan sentuh dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan PHBS masyarakat dalam upaya memutuskan rantai penularan virus dengan membuat alat inovasi tersebut secara mandiri, biaya yang murah dan bahan-bahan yang mudah di dapatkan.

Completed of STROBE checklist of the study. (PDF 478 kb)

Detailed questions used to assess knowledge and attitude domain. (PDF 342 kb)

Odontomas are odontogenic lesions with occurrence rate of 22% in the oral Cavity. They generally appear as small, solitary or multiple radio-opaque lesions on routine radiographic examinations and are subdivided into complex or compound odontomas morphologicaly. Compound odontomas occur commonly in the incisor-canine region of the maxilla and complex odontomas are located frequently in the premolar and molar region of both jaws. This paper describes a case of compound odontoma in anterior maxilla blocking the eruption of upper incisors and canine in a eight years old child. The surgical excision of the lesion was performed to allow the eruption of permanent teeth. In present case three years follow up indicate no sign of recurrence. Early detection of odontomas allows the adoption of a less complex expensive treatment, eruption of permanent teeth and ensures better prognosis.

Lipomas are relatively uncommon benign tumor occurring in the oral cavity with a prevalence rate of 1% to 4% of all oral lesions. They present as a slow growing, painless, asymptomatic submucosal mass and surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Oral lipomas have been known to grow to large sizes causing interference with speech, mastication and construction of denture. A case of 77 years old male patient with lipoma of buccal mucosa in oral cavity which exhibited a sudden growth after a lag time of 3 years with mastication and speech difficulties. The tumor excised in total with restoration of normal speech and mastication. Keywords: Oral Lipoma, Benign Tumor, Case Report