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The morphology and genetic identification of Rasbora lateristriata and Rasbora argyrotaenia between cultivated and wild populations has never been reported. This study compares morphology and cytochrome c oxidase (COI) genes between farmed and wild stock Rasbora spp. in Java and Sumatra island, Indonesia. We analyzed the truss network measurement (TNM) characters of 80 fish using discriminant function analysis statistical tests. DNA was extracted from muscle tissue of 24 fish specimens, which was then followed by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, fixation index analysis, and statistical analysis of haplotype networks. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis validated the following species: R. lateristriata and R. argyrotaenia from farming (Jogjakarta); Rasbora agryotaenia (Purworejo), R. lateristriata (Purworejo and Malang), Rasbora dusonensis (Palembang), and Rasbora einthovenii (Riau) from natural resources. Based on TNM characters, Rasbora spp. were divided into four groups, referring to four distinct characters in the middle of the body. The phylogenetic tree is divided into five clades. The genetic distance between R. argyrotaenia (Jogjakarta) and R. lateristriata (Malang) populations (0.66) was significantly different (p < 0.05). R. lateristriata (Purworejo) has the highest nucleotide diversity (0.43). R. argyrotaenia from Jogjakarta and Purworejo shared the same haplotype. The pattern of gene flow among them results from the two populations’ close geographic proximity and environmental effects. R. argyrotaenia had low genetic diversity, therefore, increasing heterozygosity in cultivated populations is necessary to avoid inbreeding. Otherwise, R. lateristriata (Purworejo) had a greater gene variety that could be used to develop breeding. In conclusion, the middle body parts are a distinguishing morphometric character of Rasbora spp., and the COI gene is more heterozygous in the wild population than in farmed fish, therefore, enrichment of genetic variation is required for sustainable Rasbora fish farming.

Introduction In an effort to find a comparable but less expensive nasal pack with the qualities of MerocelR,this study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy and patient comfort level, while simultaneously using MerocelR and commercially available sponge as packing material in the same patient. Materials and Methods This study included those patients who underwent septoplasty, turbinoplasty or FESS and nasal packing was done randomly with MerocelR and commercially available sponge (polyurethane foam) on the same patient. Patients shared their experience on the symptom questionnaire on the first post-operative day and they underwent sequential diagnostic nasal endoscopy to assess the endoscopic status of the nasal cavity, which were documented meticulously. Result The post-operative bleeding control, pain during pack removal, general satisfaction, willingness to reuse and post-operative adhesion were same for both MerocelR and sponge. Conclusion The innovative technique of using a commonly available, commercially prepared sponge which is as good as MerocelR is well supported due to its efficacy in hemostasis, less mucosal trauma and less pain during pack removal. So it may be used in developing countries where cost is a factor for compliance of patients for undergoing surgeries without compromising on quality.

Introduction In an effort to find a comparable but less expensive nasal pack with the qualities of MerocelR,this study was aimed at comparing the clinical efficacy and patient comfort level, while simultaneously using MerocelR and commercially available sponge as packing material in the same patient. Materials and Methods This study included those patients who underwent septoplasty, turbinoplasty or FESS and nasal packing was done randomly with MerocelR and commercially available sponge (polyurethane foam) on the same patient. Patients shared their experience on the symptom questionnaire on the first post-operative day and they underwent sequential diagnostic nasal endoscopy to assess the endoscopic status of the nasal cavity, which were documented meticulously. Result The post-operative bleeding control, pain during pack removal, general satisfaction, willingness to reuse and post-operative adhesion were same for both MerocelR and sponge. Conclusion The innovative technique of using a commonly available, commercially prepared sponge which is as good as MerocelR is well supported due to its efficacy in hemostasis, less mucosal trauma and less pain during pack removal. So it may be used in developing countries where cost is a factor for compliance of patients for undergoing surgeries without compromising on quality.

Anguillid eels are widely acknowledged for their ecological and socio-economic value in many countries. Yet, knowledge regarding their biodiversity, distribution and abundance remains superficial—particularly in tropical countries such as Indonesia, where demand for anguillid eels is steadily increasing along with the threat imposed by river infrastructure developments. We investigated the diversity of anguillid eels on the western Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java using automated molecular classification and genetic species delimitation methods to explore temporal patterns of glass eel cohorts entering inland waters. A total of 278 glass eels were collected from monthly samplings along the west coast of Sumatra and the south coast of Java between March 2017 and February 2018. An automated, DNA-based glass eel identification was performed using a DNA barcode reference library consisting of 64 newly generated DNA barcodes and 117 DNA barcodes retrieved from BOLD for all nine Anguilla species known to occur in Indonesia. Species delimitation methods converged in delineating eight Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), with A. nebolusa and A. bengalensis being undistinguishable by DNA barcodes. A total of four MOTUs were detected within the glass eel samples, corresponding to Anguilla bicolor, A. interioris, A. marmorata, and A. nebulosa/A. bengalensis. Monthly captures indicated that glass eel recruitment peaks in June, during the onset of the dry season, and that A. bicolor is the most prevalent species. Comparing indices of mitochondrial genetic diversity between yellow/silver eels, originating from several sites across the species range distribution, and glass eels, collected in West Sumatra and Java, indicated a marked difference. Glass eels displayed a much lower diversity than yellow/silver eels. Implications for the management of glass eel fisheries and species conservation are discussed.