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Spodoptera frugiperda is a relatively new invasive polyphagous insect pest in Indonesia. So far, S. frugiperda infestation has only been reported in corn, however in other countries S. frugiperda has been known to attack many commercial crops. To date, information on biological parameters of S. frugiperda is limited in Indonesian ecologies. Since host plants are a critical factor for insect life-history and has the potential to be used for pest control strategies, it is important to study the biology and survival of S. frugiperda on different host plants. This research was aimed to study the survival, life cycle, and fecundity of S. frugiperda on different host plants and how it affects pest management. The study was conducted by rearing S. frugiperda on 14 common cultivated host plant species in Indonesia. Survival rate, development time, fecundity, and potential attack rate of S. frugiperda on various tested host plants were analyzed in this study. The findings re-vealed that corn was the main host for S. frugiperda. The ability of S. frugiperda to survive on pa-paya, water spinach, banana, spinach, cucumber, and coco grass indicates that these plants are potential alternate host for S. frugiperda. Long beans, bok choy, choy sum, and beans might be in-dicated as a shelter for S. frugiperda. Meanwhile, inappropriate hosts for S. frugiperda include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower due to their low survival rate on these plants. This research implies that these plants have the potential to be used as a hedge, trap, or bunker plant in S. frugi-perda management strategies. However, to prevent a detrimental damage, control methods are needed in integrated manner, including monitoring pest populations, environmental engineering, and conservation of natural enemies.

Sex ratio is one of the most important biological characteristics of arthropods. In a parasitoid population, sex ratio can influence the suppression of host populations or the stability of host–parasitoid interactions in the field. In this study, a survey was carried out to determine the sex allocation through the sequence of male/female adult emergence and calculate the sex ratio of selected populations of Apanteles taragamae in their natural habitat. Assessment of sex ratio at the population and individual level (brood size per female) was examined. We found no difference in the likelihood that either sex would emerge before the other. Observations of sex ratio at the population and individual level reveal a females biased sex ratio. Analysis of the relationship between brood size and sex ratio of A. taragamae shows that brood size may influence the proportion of male to female offspring yielded. A male-biased sex ratio tends to be found in smaller brood size. However, sex ratio is shifted to female biased in larger brood size.

Effect of host-larval diet on the host acceptance and host suitability of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The life history of parasitoids is an important factor that can determine their ability to attack a host. The type of food consumed by the host can affect the ability of parasitoids such as host searching behavior, host suitability and host acceptance. In this research, we evaluate the effect of the S. frugiperda larvae diet on its suitability of the eggs produced by the adults for the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus. The research was studied on two types of egg masses of S. frugiperda that obtained from the moths that fed with natural or artificial diet during their larval stages. Parasitoid was reared from both types of hosts. An egg mass consisting of 50 S. frugiperda eggs from both types of hosts was exposed to one egg parasitoid female for 24 hours. S. frugiperda eggs then were reared until the parasitoid adult emerged. Each experiment was repeated 20 times. Host acceptance was observed through the host parasitism rate and its parasitization. Meanwhile, the host suitability was observed through the sex ratio of the emerging parasitoids. The results showed that S. frugiperda eggs reared using artificial diet had a higher parasitism rate (99.33%) than those of natural diet (82.53%). In contrast, the level of parasitization of S. frugiperda eggs reared using natural diet was higher (78.30%) than those of artificial diet (48.34%) because the number of emerging T. remus from S. frugiperda eggs reared using natural diet was also higher than those of artificial diet. However, the sex ratio (F:M) of emerging T. remus from S. frugiperda eggs reared using both of diet was female biased.

Trisnawati DW, Nurkomar I, Ananda LK, Buchori D. 2022. Agroecosystem complexity of Surjan and Lembaran as local farming systems effects on biodiversity of pest insects. Biodiversitas 23: 3619-3629. Farming systems can influence the diversity and abundance of insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Surjan and Lembaran farming systems on the diversity and abundance of insect pests in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The field survey was conducted in three Surjan paddy fields and three Lembaran paddy fields in Panjatan Subdistrict, Kulon Progo Regency. The sampling of pests was collected using four kinds of traps, such as sweeping net, yellow sticky trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap. The traps were set twice in the vegetative phase and twice in the generative phase. The results showed that the abundance of pests in Surjan paddy fields was not different from that in Lembaran paddy fields. However, the number of pest species in Surjan paddy fields was higher than in Lembaran paddy fields. In addition, the structure and composition of pests in both farming systems were significantly different. Hemiptera was the most common insect in both farming systems, with dominant pest species of Nephotettix virescens and Nilaparvata lugens.

Ulat sutera merupakan serangga bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Kepompong ulat sutera dapat dijadikan bahan dasar pembuatan kain sutera dengan harga jual yang tinggi. Kelompok Usaha Jantra Mas Sejahtera (JAMTRA) merupakan kelompok usaha kain sutera yang melakukan usaha dari hulu ke hilir secara mandiri mulai dari pemeliharaan ulat sutera, pengolahan benang dan kain sutera, serta desain produk kain sutera. Dalam hal pemeliharaan ulat sutera, kelompok usaha JAMTRA mengahadapi permasalahan seperti kurangnya pemahaman mengenai cara memperbanyak serangga dengan baik, dan kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai pakan buatan untuk perbanyakan serangga. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan peternak ulat sutera dalam memperbanyak serangga berdasar sifat ekologi serangga dan melatih peternak ulat sutera dalam membuat pakan buatan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pakan berhasil digunakan bagi ulat sutera. Namun demikian, tidak ada kepompong yang terbentuk. Sehingga, kegiatan lanjutan diperlukan untuk memodifikasi komposisi pakan agar dapat digunakan dalam perbanyak ulat sutera secara maksimal.

Samia cynthia merupakan salah satu jenis ulat sutra dengan kulit kepompong yang dapat diolah menjadi benang sutra berkualitas tinggi. Untuk menunjang produktifitas benang sutra diperlukan jumlah kokon sebagai bahan benang sutra dalam jumlah banyak. Namun demikian, kapasitas reproduksi ulat sutra yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan masalah lain yaitu perlunya pakan yang banyak dan tempat pemeliharaan yang luas. Kelompok Usaha Jantra Mas Sejahtera (JAMTRA) sebagai kelompok usaha kain sutera yang melakukan usaha dari hulu ke hilir secara mandiri mengahadapi permasalahan tersebut dalam pemeliharaan ulat sutra ini. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan peternak ulat sutera dalam manajemen populasi ulat dipenangkaran melalui modifikasi siklus hidup pada fase telur dan pupa. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa stadia telur dan pupa dapat diperpanjang selama 5 dan 7 hari secara berturut-turut. Modifikasi ini sangat bermanfaat dalam memperbanyak ulat sutra Samia dan membantu peternak untuk dapat melakukan kegiatan budidaya dengan lebih efektif dan efisien.

Cassava (Euphorbiaceae), castor (Euphorbiaceae), and tropical almond (Combretaceae) have been suggested as three different possible natural diet sources for Samia cynthia ricini (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), a species of silkworm that is reared in Indonesia because it is able to produce good-quality silk. This research aims to study the effect of the types of diet on the survivorship, development time, and fecundity of S. c. ricini. The research was conducted by giving the three types of diet to S. c. ricini. The survival rate, development time, and adult fecundity were observed. The results showed that S. c. ricini had a high survival rate when fed on cassava and castor. However, S. c. ricini larvae died when fed tropical almond. A significant difference in the total larval development time occurred when S. c. ricini was fed on cassava and castor. Larvae developed more quickly when fed on the castor diet compared to the cassava diet. Moreover, the total development time is also faster when they fed castor. The pupal weight and fecundity of adult female S. c. ricini reared on castor were higher than those of adult females reared on cassava. This study implies that castor is the more suitable diet for S. c. ricini and cassava can be used as an alternate diet.

Apanteles taragamae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a larval parasitoid of Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a minor pest of Cucurbitaceae crop. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior and biology of A. taragamae. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions by exposing 930 larvae of D. indica to be parasitized by 11 adult female parasitoid of A. taragamae (1 day old), which have been mated 24 hours prior to expose. Each female was exposed to 15 larvae/day until they died. The parameters used to measure the biology of A. taragamae were fecundity, longevity, and parasitism. Results showed that the longevity of adult females was 5.64 days, the parasitism was 96%, the number of egg laid was 76.40/day, the total number of eggs laid was 611.18, and potential fecundity was 752.73 egg.

Serangga berguna mempunyai fungsi mengatur populasi hama di alam sehingga dapat dimanfaatkansebagai agen untuk pengendalian hama. Agar fungsinya berjalan dengan baik, maka diperlukan tatakelola ekosistem yang ramah lingkungan. Kelompok Tani Dadi Makmur merupakan kelompok tani diDusun Jlegongan, Desa Margodadi, Kecamatan Seyegan, Kabupaten Sleman, Yogyakarta. Beberapapetani di daerah ini merupakan petani padi yang membudidayakan padi secara organik. Namundemikian, petani-petani tersebut masih memiliki pengetahun yang terbatas mengenai jenis, fungsi,manfaat, dan habitat serangga berguna seperti musuh alami. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untukmeningkatkan minat petani untuk belajar, menambah wawasan petani mengenai jenis, fungsi danmanfaat serangga berguna dan juga pengendalian hayati. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metodepenyuluhan menggunakan wayang serangga dan praktik identifikasi untuk mengenal jenis dan peranserangga di agroekosistem. Metode penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahamanpetani akan jenis dan peran serangga. Kegiatan ini ini menambah pengetahuan petani akan pentingnyaupaya konservasi serangga sebagai salah satu upaya menejemen hama tanaman.

Hama uret (Oryctes rhinoceros) merupakan salah satu hama penting pada berbagai tanaman temasukdurian sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Pemalang. Kegiatan penanaman durianmerupakan program yang telah lama dilakukan di Pemalang dan dihadapkan pada permasalahan seranganhama uret ini. Dalam rangka mengendalikan serangan hama uret, upaya pengendalian dengan caraalamiah yakni dengan menggunakan jamur Metarhizium sp. telah dikenalkan kepada kelompok tanisetempat. Namun demikian, upaya tersebut belum berhasil sepenuhnya. Kegiatan ini bertujuanmeningkatkan kembali keterampilan petani dalam memperbanyak dan menggunakan jamur Metarhiziumsp. sebagai pestisida yang ramah lingkungan. Melalui kegiatan ini, kelompok tani di Warungpringmenyusun satu unit tempat perbanyakan dan penyimpanan jamur Metarhizium sp. Tempat tersebutdiharapkan dapat menjadi sumber penghasilan tambahan bagi petani sekaligus menjadikan para petanimampu memproduksi sarana penunjang budi daya pertanian, yaitu pestisida secara mandiri.

The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is an emerging new pest species in several Asian countries including Indonesia. This pest can be a threat to Indonesian agriculture because this pest has been reported to cause many losses in other countries. As a preemptive and ecofriendly control strategy, a research to study the performance of Telenomus remus as potential biocontrol agent of this pest was done in laboratory scale. Research was done by exposing an adult female to 50 eggs of S. frugiperda in a cluster. We also exposed the female parasitoid to another 50 eggs of S. litura in a cluster for comparison since this parasitoid had been reported as S. litura egg parasitoid in Indonesia previously. Results showed that there are no difference in the numbers of parasitized eggs, parasitism rate, survival rates and percent females of T. remus reared from both S. frugiperda and S litura, which implies the effectiveness of T. remus as a candidate for bio control agent for S. frugiperda.

Apanteles taragamae Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of cucumber moth Diaphania indica Saunders (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The success of biological control using parasitoids depends on reproductive behavior of adult female parasitoids, especially those related to the host availability that can affect oviposition behavior. The objectives of this research is to study the effect of host deprivation against reproductive capacity and searching and handling time behavior of A. taragamae. The study was conducted by depriving adult females of A. taragamae of host for 1, 2, 3, 4 days after emergence (virgin females with no oviposition experience) and experienced females. The parameters observed were the number of eggs laid and parasitization on the first day after treatment, actual fecundity, ovary egg load, potential fecundity, longevity, searching and handling time of the first host after treatment,. The results showed that host deprivation affect the number of eggs laid on the first day after treatment, ovary egg load , searching and handling time of host. Adult virgin females of A. taragamae without oviposition experience has more eggs laid on the first day after treatment, but has a slower searching and handling time for the first host after treatment than females with oviposition experience. Intisari Apanteles taragamae Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) merupakan parasitoid larva utama dari Diaphania indica Saunders (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) yang bersifat gregarius. Keberhasilan pengendalian hayati menggunakan parasitoid sangat tergantung pada perilaku reproduksi imago betina parasitoid, terutama yang berhubungan dengan ketersediaan inang yang dapat memengaruhi perilaku peletakkan telur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ketiadaan inang terhadap perilaku dan kapasitas reproduksi parasitoid A. taragamae. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memberikan perlakuan berupa ketiadaan inang selama 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari setelah kemunculan A. taragamae menjadi imago (ketiadaan inang di depan) dan setelah A. taragamae mendapatkan inang terlebih dahulu (ketiadaan inang di belakang). Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah telur yang diletakkan pada hari pertama setelah perlakuan, total telur yang diletakkan, sisa telur dalam ovari, potensi produksi telur, lama hidup imago A. taragamae , serta waktu pencarian dan penanganan inang pertama setelah ketiadaan inang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ketiadaan inang memberikan pengaruh terhadap jumlah telur yang diletakkan pada hari pertama setelah perlakuan, jumlah telur yang tersisa dalam ovari, serta waktu pencarian dan penanganan inang pertama setelah perlakuan. Imago A. taragamae pada perlakuan ketiadaan inang di depan meletakkan telur yang lebih banyak pada hari pertama setelah perlakuan, namun memerlukan waktu lebih lama dalam mencari dan menangani inang pertama dibandingkan imago A. taragamae pada perlakuan ketiadaan inang di belakang.

In tritrophic interactions between cucumber plants, the cucumber moth Diaphania indica Saunders (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and a larval parasitoid Apanteles taragamae Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), female A. taragamae may use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to locate their host. However, the specific compound or blend of chemicals attracting A. taragamae remains unknown. In this study, differences in volatiles released from uninfested, mechanically damaged and host-infested cucumber plants were examined by the headspace volatile collection method. Responses of the larval parasitoid A. taragamae to the volatile extracts were examined in a four-arm olfactometer. We also investigated the attraction of female A. taragamae to a single compound identified as an HIPV from host-infested cucumber plants. Parasitoids discriminated between the volatiles from uninfested, host-infested and mechanically damaged plants. Chemical analysis of headspace volatiles from host-infested cucumber plants showe...

The behavioural responses of Apanteles taragamae, a larval parasitoid of the cucumber moth Diaphania indica, to the volatiles of cucumber plants was investigated in a four-arm olfactometer. Females...

Cassava farmers in Regency of Gunungkidul prefer to cultivate local cultivars of cassava, hence allowing the region to have a high diversity of cassava germplasm. However, improper cultivation system applied by local farmers triggered the infection of several diseases, including cassava anthracnose disease (CAD) caused by Colletotrichum sp. This study was aimed to compare the disease occurrence of CAD infecting various local cultivars of cassava cultivated in Regency of Gunungkidul. This study was carried out through survey where samples were selected using purposive sampling method. Incidence of CAD was thoroughly observed from nine local cultivars (Gatotkaca, Adira, Jawa, Ketan Putih, Ketan Merah, Gambyong, Manalagi, Kirik and Bamban) cultivated in several sub districts in Regency of Gunungkidul. Each cultivars was represented by 18 plants. Cropping system applied in all cultivars was also observed. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and the significance among cultivars was further assessed using DNMRT with a pGatot Kaca, Kirik, Jawa, Gambyong, Bamban) where Gatot Kaca cultivar was assumed to be the most susceptible one. CAD infection in these bitter cassava cultivars was predicted to be transmitted through planting materials. The use of shady-stored stake from the previous planting season might be associated with this pathogen transmission, thus resulting in higher CAD severity.

The regency of Gunungkidul is the largest cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production centers in Special Region of Yogyakarta. However, proper reference about cassava diseases was insuficiently available, thus local farmers were unable to distinguish disease symptoms found in the field. This study was aimed to identify various cassava-infecting diseases found in District of Ponjong, Regency of Gunungkidul. Disease survey was conducted using purposive sampling method at 4 months-aged plant. A survey was performed in three villages (Karangasem, Kenteng and Bedoyo) and each village was represented by three field plots. Disease incidence and severity were evaluated every two weeks. Data were analyzed statistically using a one-way analysis of variance and the difference between survey locations was assessed using DNMRT with a p