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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to appraise the existing literature on the effect of hard tissue defects on the clinical outcome of endodontic microsurgery (EMS). METHODS: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and grey literature were searched from January 2000 to May 2023. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Eligible studies were critically appraised for the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of bias tool. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Review Manager (RevMan Computer program Version 5.4, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020) was utilized and the Mantel Haenszel fixed or random effects model was applied, depending on the heterogeneity of the studies. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the Risk ratio (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CIs) to correlate the effects of these factors on treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included. The EMS overall pooled success rate was 84.5%. Five characteristics of hard tissue were identified. The size of the lesion (Small ≤ 5 mm: 78.4% vs. Large > 5 mm: 63.3%, RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26, P ≤ .05), significantly affected the outcomes of EMS. Endodontic lesions exhibited slightly better outcomes than endodontic-periodontal lesions (81.4% vs. 68.2%, RR = 1.14 95% CI 0.98-1.33, P > .05). Cases with the height of the buccal bone > 3 mm also exhibited slightly better outcomes (91.5% vs. 71.4%, RR = 1.20, 95% CI 0.88-1.62, P > .05). Additionally, through and through lesions exhibited better outcomes when grafting was completed during the EMS procedure both in 2D (RR = 1.12 95% CI 0.97-1.29, P > .05) and 3D evaluation ((RR = 1.28 95% CI 0.69-2.37 P > .05). The overall quality of evidence was graded as low to high. CONCLUSION: With a low to high quality of evidence, the size of the lesion is a key prognostic variable that significantly affects the outcome of EMS, as lesions ≤ 5 mm exhibit better outcomes as compared to larger lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of hard tissue defects can affect the outcome of endodontic microsurgery (EMS). The presented data can aid the clinicians decision-making process by examining certain pre-operative prognostic variables, when considering EMS as a treatment option. Clinical cases with more favorable hard tissue characteristics lead to a better prognosis in EMS.

Quince (Cydonia oblonga) is a medicinal plant and a member of family Rosaceae. It is native plant of Asia Minor and Europe. It is used in production of jam and jellies and also as a remedy of several ailments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic polymorphism based on morphological and molecular traits. Different varieties of Quince were collected from different ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan and a total of 26 different morphological traits were recorded among studied genotypes. Based on qualitative morphological trait study, the variety collected from Tindodag was unique one with highest fruit weight (328.82 g). The lowest fruit weight (68.38 g) was recorded for Talash genotype. The Charbagh and Tindodag genotypes showed highest seed length (10.6 mm) while genotypes of Chitral was recorded as lowest (8.4 mm). Statistically, significant level of variation was noted with coefficient of variance ranged from 2.23% to 30.38%. Based on correlation analysis, fruit length had strongly correlation with fruit weight (r = 0.89**), Average Fruit width was found significant with fruit weight (r = 0.90**). Similarly, the Core Width was found strongly significant with Core Length (r = 0.95**). ANOVA analysis indicated 10 quantitative characters to be highly significant, 2 significant and 1 insignificant. Principal component analysis was also computed for the 13 quantitative traits with Eigen value of 0.48 and a total variance of 97.78%. The first principal component shows total variation of 52.52%. In PC2 the total variation was 80.15%, PC3 94.06% while in PC4 it was 97.78%. The NCBI BLAST results shows that all the genotypes have similar origin except Tindodag genotype, which shows differences in its origin. Accession number for all other genotypes is MN216014.1, while accession number of Tindodag genotype is KF861967.1. Based on this study, it can be concluded that Tindodag genotype is unique out of the studied localities. NCBI BLAST have provided further support for the drawn conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze 1) waste management in terms of the institutional capacity aspect involved in waste management, and 2) analyze the objectives of the waste management program to overcome problems that occur in the sustainability of waste management. A qualitative approach was used by conducting a Focus Group Discussion with seven selected respondents and then analyzed using a quantitative approach using Interpretive Structural Modeling. The results show that the key factor from the relevant agencies, or the most crucial in determining the sustainability of waste management in Kambu District, Kendari City, is the Kendari City Cleanliness and Parks Service, which is assisted by government involvement in Kendari City. Therefore, waste management requires good institutional synergy to ensure the sustainability of waste management by conducting activities based on program objectives in the environmental cleanliness improvement program as the key factor. This can increase community involvement by reducing the volume of waste, utilizing waste recycling, and reusing waste, which can increase people's incomes. Another important element to ensure sustainable waste management is the improvement and maintenance of waste management facilities and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C60 fullerene exhibits unique optical properties that have high potential for wide photo-optical applications. To analyze the optical properties of C60, its excitation and emission properties were studied using UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, which were performed in various, non-polar organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, and trichloroethylene (TCE). The C60 solutions in toluene, xylene, and TCE displayed similar excitation bands at 625, 591, 570, 535, and 404 nm corresponding to Ag → T1u and Ag → T1g transitions. However, these bands differed from the solid C60 observed by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The two emission band energies of C 60 solution in toluene and xylene were nearly the same (1.78 and 1.69 eV), whereas the C60 solution in TCE was shifted to 1.72 and 1.65 eV. Because the polarity of TCE is higher than that of toluene and xylene, the PL spectrum of the C 60 solution in TCE was red-shifted. The PL spectroscopy had a better capability than UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy to distinguish the different interactions between C60 and the organic solvents due to their different solvent polarities.

The growth of MSMEs is the result of the community's independent efforts and has a role to reduce poverty in the form of creating jobs for the community. The development of digital technology is currently growing rapidly, opening up opportunities for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to be able to improve their business performance, including in overcoming capital problems. The application of the use of equity crowdfunding is influenced by internal factors of an organization, namely the financial resources of the organization. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine the influence of financial resources on the performance of MSMEs; (2) Assessing the effect of financial resources on equity crowdfunding; (3) To examine the effect of equity crowdfunding on the performance of MSMEs; (4) To examine the role of equity crowdfunding which is able to mediate the influence of financial resources on the performance of MSMEs. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) measurements using SmartPLS software. The results of the study show that (1) equity crowdfunding shows a significant positive effect on MSME business performance, it is proven that the higher the equity crowdfunding from business actors, the MSME business performance will increase; (2) Financial resources show a significant positive effect on MSME business performance, it is proven that the better the financial resources owned by business actors, the MSME business performance will increase; (3) financial resources show a significant positive effect on equity crowdfunding, the better the financial resources owned by business actors, the better equity crowdfunding; (4) equity crowdfunding as a mediation of the influence of financial resources shows a significant positive effect on MSME business performance, where equity crowdfunding is considered a variable that strengthens financial resources in improving MSME business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]