Search

Abstract The bacterial communities of the amphibian skin (i.e., the bacteriome) are critical to the host's innate immune system. However, it is unclear how different drivers can alter this function by modulating the bacteriome's structure. Our aim was to assess the extent to which different host attributes and extrinsic factors influence the structure of the bacterial communities of the skin. Skin bacterial diversity was examined in 148 individuals of the four‐eyed frog (Pleurodema thaul) from 16 localities spanning almost 1800 km in latitude. The richness and beta diversity of bacterial families and the richness and abundance of Bd‐inhibitory bacterial genera were used to describe their structure. Predictors associated with the host (developmental stage, genetic lineage, individual Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd] infection status) and the landscape (current climate, degree of anthropogenic disturbance) were used in the statistical modeling in an information theoretical approach. Bd infection and host developmental stage were the only predictors affecting bacteriome richness, with Bd+ individuals and postmetamorphic stages (adults and juveniles) having higher richness than Bd− ones and tadpoles. High diversity in Bd+ individuals is not driven by bacterial genera with known anti‐Bd properties. Beta diversity was not affected by Bd infection and was mainly a consequence of bacterial family turnover rather than nestedness. Finally, for those bacterial genera known to have inhibitory effects on chytrid, Bd+ individuals had a slightly higher diversity than Bd− ones. Our study confirms an association between Bd infection and the host developmental stage with the bacterial communities of the skin of P. thaul. Unexpectedly, macroclimate and human impact factors do not seem to play a role in shaping the amphibian skin microbiome. Our study exemplifies that focusing on a single host–parasite system over a large geographic scale can provide essential insights into the factors driving host–parasite–bacteriome interactions.

1. Introduction The order Decapoda constitutes a large representative group in the extensive and specious subphylum Crustacea. Chace (1951), Martin and Davis (2001), De Grave et al. (2009), and De [...], Genome size (GS) or DNA nuclear content is considered a useful index for making inferences about evolutionary models and life history in animals, including taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological scenarios. However, patterns of GS variation and their causes in crustaceans are still poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the GS of five Neotropical Synalpheus non-gambarelloides shrimps (S. apioceros, S. minus, S. brevicarpus, S. fritzmueller, and S. scaphoceris) and compare the C-values of all Caridea infraorder in terms of geography and phylogenetics. All animals were sampled in the coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and GS was assessed by flow cytometry analysis (FCA). The C-values ranged from 7.89 pg in S. apioceros to 12.24 pg in S. scaphoceris. Caridean shrimps had higher GS than other Decapoda crustaceans. The results reveal a tendency of obtaining larger genomes in species with direct development in Synalpheus shrimps. In addition, a tendency of positive biogeographical (latitudinal) correlation with Caridea infraorder was also observed. This study provides remarkable and new protocol for FCA (using gating strategy for the analysis), which led to the discovery of new information regarding GS of caridean shrimps, especially for Neotropical Synalpheus, which represents the second-largest group in the Caridea infraorder. Key words: C-value, snapping shrimp, Decapoda, DNA content La taille du genome ou le contenu en ADN nucleaire est considere comme un indice utile pour faire des inferences au sujet des modeles evolutifs et de l'histoire de vie chez les animaux, incluant des scenarios taxonomiques, biogeographiques et ecologiques. Cependant, les types de variation quant a la taille des genomes ainsi que leurs causes sont encore mal compris chez les crustacees. Cette etude visait a decrire la variation pour la taille du genome chez cinq especes de crevettes neotropicales Synalpheus nongambarelloides (S. apioceros, S. minus, S. brevicarpus, S. fritzmueller et S. scaphoceris) et de comparer les valeurs C au sein du sous-ordre Caridea en termes de geographie et de phyllogenetique. Tous les specimens ont ete captures sur la cote de l'etat de Sao Paulo au Bresil et la taille du genome a ete mesuree par cytometrie en flux (FCA). Les valeurs C variaient entre 7,89 pg chez le S. apioceros et 12,24 pg chez le S. scaphoceris. Les crevettes carideennes presentaient des genomes de plus grande taille que les autres crustacees de l'ordre des Decapoda. Les resultats ont revele une tendance a l'accroissement de la taille des genomes chez les crevettes du genre Synalpheus presentant un developpement direct. De plus, les auteurs ont egalement note une correlation biogeographique positive (latitudinale) au sein du sous-ordre Caridea. Cette etude rapporte un nouveau protocole remarquable pour l'analyse FCA (faisant appel a une strategie d'analyse hierarchique), lequel a permis de faire des observations inedites au sujet de la taille du genome chez les crevettes carideennes, specifiquement chez des especes neotropicales du genre Synalpheus, lequel represente le second plus grand groupe au sein du sous-ordre Caridea. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : valeur C, crevettes pistolet, Decapoda, contenu en ADN

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a fruit tree of African origin cultivated in more than 50 countries, including Colombia, mainly in the Colombian Caribbean departments, where its harvest generates significant income in rural communities. Its establishment presents a difficulty because the sexual seed presents physical dormancy and poor germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate Tamarind seed viability by using the tetrazolium test and to reduce the time needed for the determination of its physiological quality. Ripe and healthy fruits were collected from patio trees, from which their seeds were extracted, disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite, and washed with plenty of water before use. Subsequently, they were scarified with No. 100 sandpaper by the edges, except in the area of the micropyle. The completely random design was used in a 3x3 bifactorial arrangement, with four repetitions. The first factor, tetrazolium concentration (%), was tested at levels of 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%, and the second factor, immersion time, at 2, 4, and 6 hours. The analysis of variance did not show significance for the tetrazolium concentration, while it did for the immersion time (p≤0.01), and the tetrazolium-time interaction (p≤0.05). Therefore, the concentration of 0.50% tetrazolium for six hours of immersion is a reliable alternative to determine the physiological quality of tamarind seeds compared to conventional germination testing due to its low cost and execution time. Likewise, the percentages of germination and germination speed index were higher when the seed was scarified with sandpaper than the conventional method.

Introducción: En el ámbito curricular resulta importante estudiar los procesos de transversalización curricular como parte de la dinámica educativa, en este sentido. Objetivo: Analizar la integración de la transversalidad curricular en el plan de estudio de las Instituciones de Educación Básica y Media. Metodología: Postura cualitativa, investigación propositiva y diseño de campo. Las unidades de análisis son docentes de aula, directivos docentes y educandos de instituciones oficiales de Barranquilla, Colombia y los referentes de calidad del Ministerio de Educación Nacional-MEN. Para la interpretación de la información, se aplica el análisis de contenido a través de una matriz de doble columna que relaciona las intervenciones orales e instrumentos validados. Se otorgó validez interpretativa desde la triangulación cualitativa entre la información recabada y la teoría de sustento. Resultados y discusión: Los estudiantes tienen un conocimiento vivencial y experiencial de algunas problemáticas de contexto, las cuales son de pertinencia académica y social; sin embargo, no son integradas en la práctica de enseñanza. En lo relacionado con la transversalidad curricular, la praxis docente es individual y fragmentaria, las instituciones educativas carecen de procesos de inter y transversalidad curricular para la integración de contenidos que atiendan a las problemáticas del contexto y conecten la escuela con la vida para el fortalecimiento de la calidad educativa y la formación integral de los educandos. Conclusión: Se devela que los ejes transversales son indispensables para el desarrollo de las competencias y el proyecto ético de vida de los educandos.

Abstract Very little is known about the ecology and biology of the smallest marine vertebrates, fishes in the genus Schindleria. Even though over half of named Schindleria species have been identified in the Red Sea, the collection of only very few specimens has been documented. Here, we assessed abundance patterns of nearly two thousand Red Sea long dorsal fin (LDF) adults and found evidence for putative seasonal and spatial differences, likely related to differing habitat and environmental conditions. The highest abundances were outside local seasonal temperature extremes and decoupled from peaks of coral reef fish recruitment. We also found evidence for global trends in abundances related to lunar cycles using our Red Sea data and that from a recently published large collection of specimens from the DANA Expedition (1928–1930). The abundance of adult LDF Schindleria in relation to lunar phases differed significantly, with most Schindleria caught outside the full moon, and mostly during the new moon in the Red Sea and the 3rd quarter moon in the DANA collection. We further suggest that the abundances of Schindleria at coral reefs may be related to reproductive cycles and that these cycles may be timed with the moon as back-calculations of hatch dates from otoliths from the Red Sea significantly resulted after the new moon, making Schindleria the fastest-lived coral reef fish with the shortest generation times. Schindleria could be the most numerous coral reef fish in the world, for which we encourage increased research.

Abstract The capacity of some yeasts to extract energy from single sugars, generating CO2 and ethanol (=fermentation), even in the presence of oxygen, is known as the Crabtree effect. This phenomenon represents an important adaptation as it allowed the utilization of the ecological niche given by modern fruits, an abundant source of food that emerged in the terrestrial environment in the Cretaceous. However, identifying the evolutionary events that triggered fermentative capacity in Crabtree‐positive species is challenging, as microorganisms do not leave fossil evidence. Thus, key innovations should be inferred based only on traits measured under culture conditions. Here, we reanalyzed data from a common garden experiment where several proxies of fermentative capacity were recorded in Crabtree‐positive and Crabtree‐negative species, representing yeast phylogenetic diversity. In particular, we applied the “lasso‐OU” algorithm which detects points of adaptive shifts, using traits that are proxies of fermentative performance. We tested whether multiple events or a single event explains the actual fermentative capacity of yeasts. According to the lasso‐OU procedure, evolutionary changes in the three proxies of fermentative capacity that we considered (i.e., glycerol production, ethanol yield, and respiratory quotient) are consistent with a single evolutionary episode (a whole‐genomic duplication, WGD), instead of a series of small genomic rearrangements. Thus, the WGD appears as the key event behind the diversification of fermentative yeasts, which by increasing gene dosage, and maximized their capacity of energy extraction for exploiting the new ecological niche provided by single sugars.

Abstract Bibliometric analysis is a discipline that allows us to identify knowledge trends, assesses scientific activity and the impact of research through its volume, evolution, visibility, and structure. The present study aimed to carry out a bibliometric study of scientific research that contributes to the knowledge of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of edible and commercial fruits of Solanaceae family. The research consisted of extracting the information from papers in the Web of Science database. We analyzed and performed the production, visibility, and impact of these papers, also relationships and collaboration between authors using BibExcel and VOSviewer software. As a result, 178 documents were obtained from 2001 to 2017. Tomato is the fruit with the largest number of related articles that are focused on studying compounds responsible for taste, aroma, and biotic and abiotic relationships, as well as studies for identification of the genes responsible for these organoleptic and ecological traits. Papers analyzed are related to the research studies of 491 authors from 239 different organizations distributed in 45 countries. This bibliometric study allowed to identify trends in the knowledge in VOCs with respect to Solanaceae fruits, as well as recognizing the location of the scientific material in this field.

An observational and descriptive study including patients discharged for COVID-19 was carried out by the COVID-19 Working Group of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC). We aimed to identify the main symptoms after 90 days of hospital discharged. A structured interview was conducted, through a “checklist” that included symptoms within the 90 days post-discharge. A total of 134 patients were enrolled. The most frequently referred symptoms were asthenia, dyspnea and weight loss. Anxiety was the most frequent psychological symptom found through the GAD-7 scale.

The bacterial communities of the amphibian skin (i.e., the bacteriome) are critical to the host's innate immune system. However, it is unclear how different drivers can alter this function by modulating the bacteriome's structure. Our aim was to assess the extent to which different host attributes and extrinsic factors influence the structure of the bacterial communities of the skin. Skin bacterial diversity was examined in 148 individuals of the four‐eyed frog (Pleurodema thaul) from 16 localities spanning almost 1800 km in latitude. The richness and beta diversity of bacterial families and the richness and abundance of Bd‐inhibitory bacterial genera were used to describe their structure. Predictors associated with the host (developmental stage, genetic lineage, individual Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd] infection status) and the landscape (current climate, degree of anthropogenic disturbance) were used in the statistical modeling in an information theoretical approach. Bd infection and host developmental stage were the only predictors affecting bacteriome richness, with Bd+ individuals and postmetamorphic stages (adults and juveniles) having higher richness than Bd− ones and tadpoles. High diversity in Bd+ individuals is not driven by bacterial genera with known anti‐Bd properties. Beta diversity was not affected by Bd infection and was mainly a consequence of bacterial family turnover rather than nestedness. Finally, for those bacterial genera known to have inhibitory effects on chytrid, Bd+ individuals had a slightly higher diversity than Bd− ones. Our study confirms an association between Bd infection and the host developmental stage with the bacterial communities of the skin of P. thaul. Unexpectedly, macroclimate and human impact factors do not seem to play a role in shaping the amphibian skin microbiome. Our study exemplifies that focusing on a single host–parasite system over a large geographic scale can provide essential insights into the factors driving host–parasite–bacteriome interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La finalidad del presente artículo es analizar la eficiencia en la productividad, desde la perspectiva del cliente interno y externo, en las empresas recicladoras del plástico en el departamento de la Guajira-Colombia. Se determina primero la repercusión del cliente interno, que es el personal que labora en las empresas recicladoras, el cual se considera el receptor primario de la visión, misión y estrategias formuladas para lograr la satisfacción del cliente externo. En este orden de ideas, cada empleado es un cliente interno conforme recibe su insumo, información, tarea, entre otros; en tanto que al cliente externo, que es el punto vital para cualquier institución, se le conoce también desde el punto de vista del ciclo comercial como grupo objetivo que pasa por consumidor potencial, luego eventual y, por último, en habitual. En este caso, se evidencia que los recursos y logística que poseen los clientes internos para satisfacer las necesidades, deseos y expectativas de su cliente externo expresan un moderado nivel de productividad. A la vez, se generan lineamientos estratégicos de mercadeo para potencializar el proceso productivo de este sector empresarial.

El artículo elabora que la poética de Las tierras arrasadas (2015) de Emiliano Monge configura los procesos de des-subjetivación sobre cuerpos residuales desde el paradigma del poder soberano en el contexto de la migración forzada y los programas de seguridad militar. El artículo aborda un análisis desde el eje estético, ético y político donde la expresión de lo residual no es el sobrante externo sino parte constitutiva de la maquinaria de acumulación y despojo, pero también donde el trabajo con el cuerpo-residuo y el testimonio de la violencia supone una construcción de sentido que cuestiona la centralidad de la dicotomía victimario-víctima.