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The aim of this study is to determine changes in the near-surface layer of ZrO _2 ceramics caused by irradiation with low-energy He ^2+ ions, as well as the associated formation of defects and structural deformations. During the experimental work conducted, it was established that the accumulation of deformation-structural distortions is of two stage nature, having a direct dependence on irradiation fluence and, therefore, on atomic displacement value. It was determined that at small atomic displacement values (less than 10 dpa), the main mechanisms of structural distortions are caused by tensile residual stresses, the value of which is less than 0.1 GPa. At the same time, the deformation distortion of chemical bonds has a pronounced anisotropy associated with a more pronounced distortion of the Zr–O _I chemical bonds, the distortion of which results in the formation of vacancy defects in the form of V _O . During determination of alterations in optical characteristics depending on the atomic displacement value, it was found that the dominant role at small values of dpa (less than 10 dpa) is played by point defects, which influence the formation of obstacles in the form of absorbing centers. In this case, an increase in the irradiation fluence above 10 ^17 ion cm ^−2 results in a growth in the linear refractive index, the change of which has a direct correlation with the value of residual stresses in the damaged layer. Certain dependencies of changes in structural features and their relationship with deformation distortions, as well as the accumulation of vacancy defects, can subsequently be used to predict the potential of using these ceramics as materials for new generation nuclear reactors.

Coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) line emissions can be generated from an atom excited through frustrated tunneling ionization (FTI). The phase variation of the EUV emission in a generation medium along the propagation direction is a critical parameter that determines the phase-matching condition of this new light source. Here we show that the EUV emission sensitively depends on the intensity and phase of a driving laser pulse and the target position. Angle-resolved EUV spectra measured at different target positions and the carrier-envelope phases of the laser pulse exhibit an intensity modulation, showing similar behavior to that of a long-trajectory high harmonic radiation. The four-step model developed for the FTI emission accurately describes the coherent control of the EUV emission. These findings are essential ingredients for developing coherent extreme ultraviolet sources with high photon flux and for utilizing the FTI emission in time-resolved spectroscopy.

Several novel bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BBIQAs) have recently been isolated from a Matis tribe arrow poison and shown by two-electrode voltage-clamp to inhibit mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Here, using radioligand assay with Aplysia californica AChBP and radioiodinated α-bungarotoxin ([125I]-αBgt), we show that BBIQA1, BBIQA2, and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) have similar affinities to nAChR orthosteric site. However, a competition with [125I]-αBgt for binding to the Torpedo californica muscle-type nAChR revealed that BBIQAs1, 2, and 3 are less potent (IC50s = 26.3, 8.75, and 17.0 μM) than d-TC (IC50 = 0.39 μM), while with α7 nAChR in GH4C1 cells, BBIQA1 was less potent that d-TC (IC50s = 162 μM and 7.77 μM, respectively), but BBIQA2 was similar (IC50 = 5.52 μM). In inhibiting the Ca2+ responses induced by acetylcholine in Neuro2a cells expressing the mouse adult α1β1εδ nAChR or human α7 nAChR, BBIQAs1 and 2 had similar potencies to d-TC (IC50s in the range 0.75-3.08 μM). Our data suggest that BBIQA1 and BBIQA2 can inhibit adult muscle α1β1εδ nAChR by both competitive and noncompetitive mechanisms. Further experiments on neuronal α3β2, α4β2, and α9α10 nAChRs, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, showed that similar potencies for BBIQAs1, 2, and d-TC. With α3β2γ2 GABAAR currents were almost completely inhibited by d-TC at a high (100 μM) concentration, but BBIQAs1 and 2 were less potent (only 40-50% inhibition), whereas in competition with Alexa Fluor 546-α-cobratoxin for binding to α1β3γ2 GABAAR in Neuro2a cells, d-TC and these analogs had comparable affinities. Especially interesting effects of BBIQAs1 and 2 in comparison with d-TC were observed for 5-HT3AR: BBIQA1 and BBIQA2 were 5- and 87-fold less potent than d-TC (IC50 = 22.63 nM). Thus, our results reveal that these BBIQAs differ from d-TC in their potencies towards certain Cys-loop receptors, and we suggest that understanding the reasons behind this might be useful for future drug design.

Background. In relation with the COVID-19 new coronavirus infection epidemic that began in Russia in the spring of 2020, a completely new group of patients appeared: patients whose coronavirus infection was combined with the proximal femur fractures. In the course of practical work, hospital doctors had to gain experience in treating these complex patients, solve new organizational and medical tasks. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of treatment of patients with the proximal femur fractures in combination with coronavirus infection in a covid hospital at the hospital stage, 30-day and 6-month terms. Materials and Methods. The retrospective study is based on the collection and generalization of data from 64 patients with the proximal femur fractures in combination with confirmed coronavirus infection who underwent inpatient treatment from 16.03.2020 to 31.05.2021. 38 (59.4%) patients had a femoral neck fracture, 26 (40.6%) had a fracture of the trochanter region. Forty (62.5%) patients underwent surgical treatment (hip replacement was performed in 23 cases, osteosynthesis was performed in 17 cases), 24 (37.5%) patients did not undergo surgery. Results. With conservative treatment, the hospital mortality rate was 41.6%, the 30-day mortality rate was 72.7%, and the 6 month mortality rate was 95.5%. During surgical treatment, the hospital mortality rate was 5.0% (2 patients died). Early postoperative complications were detected in 5 (12.5%) patients. Thirty-one (77.5%) patients walked or stood with a walker on their own at the time of discharge; 7 (17.5%) patients could not be activated. The thirty-day mortality rate in the group of patients who underwent surgical treatment was 8.6%, and the 6-month mortality rate was 32.1%. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of patients with the proximal femur fractures in combination with coronavirus infection is much more difficult than the treatment of patients without infectious pathology. However, despite number of unresolved problems, surgical treatment of such patients is possible with good results and should be actively applied.

Abstract When an atom or molecule is exposed to a strong laser field, an electron can tunnel out from the parent ion and moves along a specific trajectory. This ultrafast electron motion is sensitive to a variation of the laser field. Thus, it can be used as a fast temporal gate for the temporal characterization of the laser field. Here, we demonstrate a new type of attosecond streaking wherein a rescattered electron trajectory is manipulated by an ultrashort laser pulse. The vector potential of the laser pulse is directly recorded in the photoelectron spectra of the rescattered electron. In contrast to high harmonic generation methods, our approach has no directional ambiguity in space, leading to complete in situ temporal characterization. In addition, it provides timing information on ionization and re-scattering events. Therefore, our approach can be a useful tool for the investigation of strong-field processes triggered by rescattering, such as non-sequential double ionization and laser-induced electron diffraction.

Abstract We discuss a rather common but often unnoticed pitfall which arises when deriving the bounded-from-below (BFB) conditions in multi-Higgs models with softly broken global symmetries. Namely, necessary and sufficient BFB conditions derived for the case with an exact symmetry can be ruined by introducing soft symmetry breaking terms. Using S 4 and A 4-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet models as an example, we argue that all published necessary and sufficient BFB conditions, even those which are correct for the exactly symmetric case, are no longer sufficient if soft symmetry breaking is added. Using the geometric formalism, we derive the exact necessary and sufficient BFB conditions for the 3HDM with the symmetry group S 4, either exact or softly broken, and review the situation for the A 4-symmetric case.

As part of the project on developing methods for removing hydrogen and tritium from the circulation circuits of reactor plants with heavy liquid metal coolants, the authors studied the kinetics of bismuth oxide reduction by hydrogen in the temperature range of 425–500 °C and hydrogen concentrations of 25–100 vol.%. The kinetic characteristics of the test reaction were determined by continuous measurements of the water steam (reaction product) concentration in mixtures of hydrogen with helium that passed through a heated reaction vessel with a sample of bismuth oxide. The water steam concentration was measured by a thermal-conductivity detector. The obtained time dependences of the bismuth oxide reduction degree (with varying reaction conditions) were processed by the affine time transformation method. It was also found that the reduction process ran in kinetic mode. The reduction mechanism is the same in the entire temperature range. The limiting reaction stage is the adsorption of hydrogen on the surface of the bismuth oxide sample. The time dependence of the reduction degree is in good agreement with Avrami-Erofeev equation with n = 1. The reaction activation energy is 92.8 ± 1.9 kJ/mol. The reduction reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of hydrogen in its mixture with an inert gas.

Fluorescence can be exploited to monitor intermolecular interactions in real time and at a resolution up to a single molecule. It is a method of choice to study ligand-receptor interactions. However, at least one of the interacting molecules should possess good fluorescence characteristics, which can be achieved by the introduction of a fluorescent label. Gene constructs with green fluorescent protein (GFP) are widely used to follow the expression of the respective fusion proteins and monitor their function. Recently, a small synthetic analogue of GFP chromophore (p-HOBDI-BF2) was successfully used for tagging DNA molecules, so we decided to test its applicability as a potential fluorescent label for proteins and peptides. This was done on α-cobratoxin (α-CbTx), a three-finger protein used as a molecular marker of muscle-type, neuronal α7 and α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), as well as on azemiopsin, a linear peptide neurotoxin selectively inhibiting muscle-type nAChRs. An activated N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of p-HOBDI-BF2 was prepared and utilized for toxin labeling. For comparison we used a recombinant α-CbTx fused with a full-length GFP prepared by expression of a chimeric gene. The structure of modified toxins was confirmed by mass spectrometry and their activity was characterized by competition with iodinated α-bungarotoxin in radioligand assay with respective receptor preparations, as well as by thermophoresis. With the tested protein and peptide neurotoxins, introduction of the synthetic GFP chromophore induced considerably lower decrease in their affinity for the receptors as compared with full-length GFP attachment. The obtained fluorescent derivatives were used for nAChR visualization in tissue slices and cell cultures.

Despite the widespread use of the COVID-19 vaccines, the search for effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is still relevant. Genetic variability leads to the continued circulation of new variants of concern (VOC). There is a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antibody-based therapy, which raises concerns about the development of new antiviral drugs with a high spectrum of activity against VOCs. We synthesized new analogs of uracil derivatives where uracil was substituted at the N1 and N3 positions. Antiviral activity was studied in Vero E6 cells against VOC, including currently widely circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. All synthesized compounds of the panel showed a wide antiviral effect. In addition, we determined that these compounds inhibit the activity of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Our study suggests that these non-nucleoside uracil-based analogs may be of future use as a treatment for patients infected with circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Abstract Physical observables cannot depend on the basis one chooses to describe fields. Therefore, all physically relevant properties of a model are, in principle, expressible in terms of basis-invariant combinations of the parameters. However, in many cases it becomes prohibitively difficult to establish key physical features exclusively in terms of basis invariants. Here, we advocate an alternative route in such cases: the formulation of basis-invariant statements in terms of basis-covariant objects. We review several examples where the basis-covariant path is superior to the traditional approach in terms of basis invariants. In particular, this includes the formulation of necessary and sufficient basis-invariant conditions for various physically distinct forms of $$\textit{CP}$$ CP conservation in two- and three-Higgs-doublet models.

This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on a surface sliding discharge in a supersonic airflow in the presence of an oblique shock wave. In experiments, flow Mach numbers were 1.20–1.68 in the shock tube combined with the discharge chamber. A single high-voltage 25 kV pulse sustains the plasma; the discharge current has a duration of ~500 ns. A surface sliding discharge is developed as a localized channel in a zone of interaction of an oblique shock wave with a boundary layer on the upper wall of the discharge chamber. The discharge channel acts as a linear source of heat and is at the origin of the induced shock wave. The flow field in the discharge chamber is spatio-temporally surveyed using high-speed shadowgraphy imaging with a frequency of up to 525,000 frames per second. The experiments show that the perturbed flow restored the initial structure after more than 100 μs. Numerical simulation with local energy input into the supersonic flow in a flat channel is carried out on the base of unsteady two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. It is determined that the dynamics of an induced shock wave are dependent on the energy input regime and on the flow parameters. The thermal energy release in the discharge channel of 0.22–0.29 J was estimated from a comparison of experimental data and numerical simulations.

Db/db mice (carrying a mutation in the gene encoding leptin receptor) show autophagy suppression. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of autophagy inducer trehalose on liver and heart autophagy in db/db mice and to study inflammation dysregulation and the suitability of chitinases’ expression levels as diabetes markers. Thirty-eight male db/db mice and C57/BL mice (control) were used. The db/db model manifested inflammation symptoms: overexpression of TNF-α in the spleen and underexpression of IL-10 in the liver and spleen (cytokine imbalance). Simultaneously, we revealed decreased expression of chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (CHIA) in the liver of db/db mice. CHIA expression in db/db mice is significantly lower only in the spleen. Trehalose treatment significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin. Treatment of db/db mice by trehalose was followed by increased autophagy induction in the heart and liver (increased autolysosomes volume density studied by morphometric electron-microscopic method). Trehalose exerted beneficial cardiac effects possibly via increased lipophagy (uptake of lipid droplets). The autophagy activation by trehalose had several positive effects on the heart and liver of db/db mice; therefore, lipophagy activation seems to be a promising therapy for diabetes.

The paper considers the numerical modeling of the processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation and evaporation in multiphase flows using the method of moments. Nonstationary processes of gas dynamics and phase transitions in the two-dimensional plane and axisymmetric regions are described by a general system of equations. The system of equations is expanded by adding two equations. One describes the evolution of the total mass fraction of the condensing substance; the other describes the evolution of the mass fraction of solid particles. An instant wetting model is used to model heterogeneous nucleation. The Gyarmathy model is used for the approximation of the average droplet growth rate. Heterogeneous condensation is modeled based on the distribution function of foreign impurities. An approach to calculating evaporation in the heterogeneous case is proposed. A comparison of the proposed models with a numerical experiment is given. Numerical simulation of homogeneous-heterogeneous condensation in a gas-dynamic ejector is carried out.

Abstract Checking that a scalar potential is bounded from below (BFB) is an ubiquitous and notoriously difficult task in many models with extended scalar sectors. Exact analytic BFB conditions are known only in simple cases. In this work, we present a novel approach to algorithmically establish the BFB conditions for any polynomial scalar potential. The method relies on elements of multivariate algebra, in particular, on resultants and on the spectral theory of tensors, which is being developed by the mathematical community. We give first a pedagogical introduction to this approach, illustrate it with elementary examples, and then present the working Mathematica implementation publicly available at GitHub. Due to the rapidly increasing complexity of the problem, we have not yet produced ready-to-use analytical BFB conditions for new multi-scalar cases. But we are confident that the present implementation can be dramatically improved and may eventually lead to such results.

Abstract Generalized CP symmetry of order 4 (CP4) is surprisingly powerful in shaping scalar and quark sectors of multi-Higgs models. Here, we extend this framework to the neutrino sector. We build two simple Majorana neutrino mass models with unbroken CP4, which are analogous to Ma’s scotogenic model. Both models use three Higgs doublets and two or three right-handed (RH) neutrinos. The minimal CP4 symmetric scotogenic model uses only two RH neutrinos, leads to three non-zero light neutrino masses, and contains a built-in mechanism to further suppress them via phase alignment. With three RH neutrinos, one generates a type I seesaw mass matrix of rank 1, which is then corrected by the same scotogenic mechanism, naturally leading to two neutrino mass scales with mild hierarchy. These minimal CP4-based constructions emerge as a primer for introducing additional symmetry structures and exploring their phenomenological consequences.

Abstract We explore the phenomenology of a unique three-Higgs-doublet model based on the single CP symmetry of order 4 (CP4) without any accidental symmetries. The CP4 symmetry is imposed on the scalar potential and Yukawa interactions, strongly shaping both sectors of the model and leading to a very characteristic phenomenology. The scalar sector is analyzed in detail, and in the Yukawa sector we list all possible CP4-symmetric structures which do not run into immediate conflict with experiment, namely, do not lead to massless or mass-degenerate quarks nor to insufficient mixing or CP -violation in the CKM matrix. We show that the parameter space of the model, although very constrained by CP4, is large enough to comply with the electroweak precision data and the LHC results for the 125 GeV Higgs boson phenomenology, as well as to perfectly reproduce all fermion masses, mixing, and CP violation. Despite the presence of flavor changing neutral currents mediated by heavy Higgs scalars, we find through a parameter space scan many points which accurately reproduce the kaon CP -violating parameter ϵ K as well as oscillation parameters in K and B (s) mesons. Thus, CP4 offers a novel minimalistic framework for building models with very few assumptions, sufficient predictive power, and rich phenomenology yet to be explored.

Bioconjugation of antibodies with various payloads has diverse applications across various fields, including drug delivery and targeted imaging techniques. Fluorescent immunoconjugates provide a promising tool for cancer diagnostics due to their high brightness, specificity, stability and target affinity. Fluorescent antibodies are widely used in flow cytometry for fast and sensitive identification and collection of cells expressing the target surface antigen. Nonetheless, current approaches to fluorescent labeling of antibodies most often use random modification, along with a few rather sophisticated site-specific techniques. The aim of our work was to develop a procedure for fluorescent labeling of immunoglobulin G via periodate oxidation of antibody glycans, followed by oxime ligation with fluorescent oxyamines. Here, we report a novel technique based on an in situ oxime ligation of ethoxyethylidene-protected aminooxy compounds with oxidized antibody glycans. The approach is suitable for easy modification of any immunoglobulin G, while ensuring that antigen-binding domains remain intact, thus revealing various possibilities for fluorescent probe design. The technique was used to label an antibody to PRAME, a cancer-testis protein overexpressed in a number of cancers. A 6H8 monoclonal antibody to the PRAME protein was directly modified with protected-oxyamine derivatives of fluorescein-type dyes (FAM, Alexa488, BDP-FL); the stoichiometry of the resulting conjugates was characterized spectroscopically. The immunofluorescent conjugates obtained were applied to the analysis of bone marrow samples from patients with oncohematological diseases and demonstrated high efficiency in flow cytometry quantification. The approach can be applied for the development of various immunofluorescent probes for detection of diagnostic and prognostic markers, which can be useful in anticancer therapy.

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of doping ZrO2 ceramics with MgO on radiation swelling and polymorphic transformations, as a result of irradiation with heavy ions. Interest in these types of materials is due to the great prospects for their use as structural materials for new-generation reactors. The study established the dependences of the phase composition formation and changes in the structural parameters following a change in the concentration of MgO. It has been established that the main mechanism for changing the structural properties of ceramics is the displacement of the cubic c-ZrO2 phase by the Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 substitution phase, which leads to an increase in the stability of ceramic properties to irradiation. It has been determined that an increase in MgO concentration leads to the formation of an impurity phase Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 due to the type of substitution, resulting in changes to the structural parameters of ceramics. During studies of changes in the strength properties of irradiated ceramics, it was found that the formation of a phase in the Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 structure leads to an increase in the resistance to cracking and embrittlement of the surface layers of ceramics.

This paper presents the results of a study on the influence of Y2O3 doping on the resistance to radiation damage and an assessment of structural changes associated with the accumulation of radiation defects in CeO2 microparticles under irradiation with heavy Xe22+ ions. The relevance of this study consists of the prospects for the use of CeO2 microparticles as materials and candidates of inert matrices of nuclear fuel. A method of solid-phase synthesis was applied to obtain microparticles with different concentrations of dopant. It included grinding of CeO2 and Y2O3 microparticles followed by thermal sintering at 1100 °C in an oxygen-containing medium to produce highly ordered microparticles. During the study of the structural characteristics of the synthesized microparticles, it was found that increasing the dopant concentration from 0.05 mol.% to 0.15 mol.% leads to an increase in the crystallinity degree as well as a decrease in dislocation density. According to the results of the assessment of the resistance of microparticles to radiation damage, it was found that an increase in the dopant concentration leads to a decrease in swelling and structural distortion by more than 2.5–3 times, which indicates an increase in the radiation resistance.

In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1–2.5 h (D. deltoidea and T. terrestris) or 1 h (P. japonicus) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of D. deltoidea and T. terrestris acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39–57%), blood-glucose level (by 46–51%), blood content in urine (by 78–80%) and total cholesterol (25–36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in D. deltoidea; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in T. terrestris; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in P. japonicus. These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation.

CP4 3HDM is a unique three-Higgs-doublet model equipped with a higher-order CP-symmetry in the scalar and Yukawa sector. Based on a single assumption (the minimal model with a CP-symmetry of order 4 and no accidental symmetry), it leads to a remarkable correlation between its scalar and Yukawa sectors, which echoes in its phenomenology. A recent scan of the parameter space of CP4 3HDM under the assumption of scalar alignment identified a few dozens of points which passed many flavor constraints. In the present work, however, we show that almost all of these points are now ruled out by the recent LHC searches of t→H+b with subsequent hadronic decays of H+. Apart from a few points with charged Higgses heavier than the top quark, only one point survives all the checks, the model with an exotic, non-2HDM-like generation pattern of H+ couplings with quarks. One can expect many more points with exotic H+ couplings to quarks if the scalar alignment assumption is relaxed.

The α9 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) exists mainly in heteropentameric assemblies with α10. Accumulating data indicate the presence of three different binding sites in α9α10 nAChRs: the α9(+)/α9(−), the α9(+)/α10(−), and the α10(+)/α9(−). The major role of the principal (+) side of the extracellular domain (ECD) of α9 subunit in binding of the antagonists methyllylcaconitine and α-bungarotoxin was shown previously by the crystal structures of the monomeric α9-ECD with these molecules. Here we present the 2.26-Å resolution crystal structure of α9-ECD in complex with α-conotoxin (α-Ctx) RgIA, a potential drug for chronic pain, the first structure reported for a complex between an nAChR domain and an α-Ctx. Superposition of this structure with those of other α-Ctxs bound to the homologous pentameric acetylcholine binding proteins revealed significant similarities in the orientation of bound conotoxins, despite the monomeric state of the α9-ECD. In addition, ligand-binding studies calculated a binding affinity of RgIA to the α9-ECD at the low micromolar range. Given the high identity between α9 and α10 ECDs, particularly at their (+) sides, the presented structure was used as template for molecular dynamics simulations of the ECDs of the human α9α10 nAChR in pentameric assemblies. Our results support a favorable binding of RgIA at α9(+)/α9(−) or α10(+)/α9(−) rather than the α9(+)/α10(−) interface, in accordance with previous mutational and functional data.

In this study, the microbial communities of two nests of black garden ants (Lasius niger) in the hollows of stem branches of old apple trees were found to have similar species compositions: each community contained representatives of three species from the Bacillaceae family and one species of actinomycetes from the genus Streptomyces. In total, four types of bacilli and two actinomycetes were isolated. Actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces antibioticus-like and Streptomyces sp. None of the bacilli had antibiotic activity, whereas both streptomycetes produced antibiotics that inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria in vitro, including isolates from their community. Antibiotic compounds of S. antibioticus-like strain INA 01148 (Institute of New Antibiotics) were identified as actinomycin D and its closest homologue, actinomycin A. Actinomycins presumably change the microbial community of the ant nest substrate as they act against Gram-positive bacteria and against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibiotic activity of the isolated Streptomyces sp. INA 01156 is of interest, since the substances produced by this strain inhibit the growth of drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus INA 00761 (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides VKPM B-4177 (VR) (VKPM–National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Russian acronym)).

Integration of sustainable development principles in project management is a tool to implement a values-based strategy. The main goal of this paper is to determine key issues for creating a consistent methodological basis that includes tools and techniques of project management taking into account sustainable development approaches. This paper analyses key aspects in which the conception and project management theory have interconnections. This aspect is, firstly, realization of projects initiated to reach goals in sustainable development area. And the second aspect is realization of various projects taking into consideration sustainable development approaches. The authors analyze contradictions between project management and a concept for sustainable development. The most critical contradictions deal with goals and priorities of the project, period and geography of its valuation, analysis of its impact zones. The authors define the tasks that need to be settled in order to resolve contradictions and integrate the principles of corporate social responsibility. Besides, the paper summarizes academic results in the area of integration of the concept and project management. In order to solve this problem, the authors analyze current project management standards and the integration of sustainable development principles in them. The authors conclude that this task has not been elaborated thoroughly in current methodologies and in widespread standards such as ICB, PMBook, P2M and others. The most interesting one is PRiSM methodology, which was created for resolving integration problems. Furthermore, in making an overview of the current methodological framework, the authors present research findings on the subject. On the basis of the analysis carried out, the article defines prospective directions for further research oriented toward creating the tools and techniques of project management taking into account social and environmental aspects. These directions include the development of methodological tools (methodology of scope, resources and terms of the project) and the formation of main approaches to basic elements in project management including project resources valuation