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Cancer has a high rate of incidence and mortality throughout the world. Although several conventional approaches have been developed for the treatment of cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thermal therapy, they have remarkable disadvantages which result in inefficient treatment of cancer. For example, immunogenicity, prolonged treatment, non-specificity, metastasis and high cost of treatment, are considered as the major drawbacks of chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a fundamental requirement for the development of breakthrough technologies for cancer suppression. Polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) are the most reliable drug carriers for cancer therapy. Polysaccharides, as a kind of practical biomaterials, are divided into several types, including chitosan, alginates, dextran, hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, pectin, etc. Polysaccharides are extracted from different natural resources (like herbal, marine, microorganisms, etc.). The potential features of polysaccharides have made them reliable candidates for therapeutics delivery to cancer sites; the simple purification, ease of modification and functionalization, hydrophilicity, serum stability, appropriate drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability and stimuli-responsive and sustained drug release manner are considerable aspects of these biopolymers. This review highlights the practical applications of polysaccharides-based DDSs in pharmaceutical science and cancer therapy. Practical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide-based materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive hemodynamic evaluation of two endovascular techniques for treating cerebral aneurysms. Using the finite volume method, we simulated pulsatile blood flow and heat transport dynamics in two saccular aneurysms of varying sizes and shapes. We assessed hemodynamic factors under two coiling conditions with different porosities and deformation stages to identify the most effective treatment for each case. Our computational analysis reveals that stent and coiling applications are more efficient for aneurysms with low-sac volume. Notably, stent placement proves to be more effective than coiling in treating saccular aneurysms. Our findings indicate that stent-induced deformation sufficiently diverts the main blood flow, thereby reducing the risk of aneurysm rupture near the ostium region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are focal dilations of the cerebral arteries that pose a significant risk of rupture, leading to potentially devastating consequences such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Understanding the hemodynamic factors that contribute to IA rupture risk is critical for improving clinical management and patient outcomes. One important factor that has been studied is the impact of sac centreline length on the hemodynamics of the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA), a common location for IAs. This computational study aimed to investigate the relationship between sac centreline length and the hemodynamic parameters of the ACA that are associated with rupture risk. Using patient-specific 3D geometries of the ACA and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the researchers analyzed the impact of varying sac centreline lengths on parameters such as wall shear stress, pressure and flow patterns within the aneurysm sac and the parent artery. The results of the computational study disclose that the wall shear stress on the wall of an ACA saccular aneurysm is meaningfully high when the size of the sac centerline length is low. However, the mean oscillatory index change in different sac centerline lengths indicates that the growth of sac centerline length increases blood oscillatory in sac section in ACA cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the use of graphene oxide (GO) modified with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe as an efficient and selective catalyst. The modification of GO with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe provides a robust platform for the synthesis of (S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives 4(a–l), facilitated by the presence of choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChCl/EGC) as the electrolyte in good to excellent yields (89–97%). The experimental results demonstrate that this catalytic system not only enhances the enantioselectivity of the carboxylation process but also improves the overall yield and efficiency. This method presents a promising approach for the production of valuable enantioenriched carboxylic acids, contributing to the development of green and sustainable catalytic processes in organic synthesis. The synthesized GO-PyrCO-cyclo@Fe electrode was examined utilizing various analytical methods, including FT-IR, CV, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, and XPS The synthesized (S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives 4(a–l) were identified and characterized through melting point determination, FT-IR, 1HNMR, and CHN analyses.Graphical Abstract: This study explores the use of graphene oxide (GO) modified with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe as an efficient and selective catalyst. The modification of GO with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe provides a robust platform for the synthesis of (S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives 4(a–l), facilitated by the presence of choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChCl/EGC) as the electrolyte in good to excellent yields (89–97%). The experimental results demonstrate that this catalytic system not only enhances the enantioselectivity of the carboxylation process but also improves the overall yield and efficiency. This method presents a promising approach for the production of valuable enantioenriched carboxylic acids, contributing to the development of green and sustainable catalytic processes in organic synthesis. The synthesized GO-PyrCO-cyclo@Fe electrode was examined utilizing various analytical methods, including FT-IR, CV, SEM, EDS, BET, TGA, and XPS The synthesized (S)-2-phenylpropanoic acid derivatives 4(a–l) were identified and characterized through melting point determination, FT-IR, 1HNMR, and CHN analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides, the most abundant biopolymers in nature, have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians due to its practicality in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. These biomaterials have high bioavailability and play structural and functional roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides are classified into several groups based on their origin, including plant polysaccharides and marine polysaccharides (like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, alginates, etc.) with specific applications. These biopolymers possess unique physicochemical (such as surface functional groups, solubility, and stability), mechanical (like mechanical strength and tensile), and biomedical (such as antioxidant activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and non-immunogenicity) characteristics which have made them excellent platforms for a wide variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Ease of extraction and different preparation approaches are mentioned as other potential properties of polysaccharides that further improved their practicality in biomedical sciences. They have high drug/bioactive encapsulation capacity and sustained/controlled release manner in in vivo microenvironments. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, stimuli-responsive drug/bioactive release, and passive and active drug/bioactive delivery are considered the potential features of these biopolymers in pharmaceutical sciences. Polysaccharides have indicated practical applications in biomedical sciences, including biosensors, tissue engineering, implantation, wound healing, vascular grafting, and vaccines. This review highlights the advances of polysaccharide-based materials in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences., (© 2024 Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft.)

Desulfurative functionalization of organosulfur compounds to form various carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds has become established as a powerful tool in organic chemistry. In this context, desulfurative carboxylation of this class of compounds using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a sustainable and renewable source of carboxyl has recently been developed as an efficient option for the synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives. The aim of this Focus Review is to summarize the major progress in this appealing research field with particular emphasis on the mechanistic features of the reactions. Literature has been surveyed until the end of February 2024, according to the data collected using SciFinder and Google Scholar engines., Competing Interests: There are no confilicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)