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Bengkel Village is a very strategic location to introduce rural tourism as well as various Subak activities and other cultural attractions that are still maintained. The selection of Bengkel Village as a location for community service is based on several aspects of the problem, namely, human resources and production and marketing. There are still many MSME actors who pay little attention to how to manage finances properly and MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise) actors who still experience difficulties in distributing products (goods and services) and many have not maximized online marketing so that they can cover a wider target.The approach is carried out by providing training to the community in Bengkel Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency which is a smart village provided by the Ministry of Villages, namely the concept of a village based on digital and information technology. One of the efforts to maximize the potential is, starting from competency improvement training and how to market the products produced. The training provided is in the form of simple bookkeeping, tax calculation training, digital marketing strategy training for business development, and training on using social media as a promotional medium. This activity was attended by 15 MSME business actors in the Bengkel Village. Based on the results of the evaluation of community service activities, it can be concluded that the activities have been carried out in accordance with the needs and expectations of MSME actors in the Bengkel Tourism Village. Through this activity, it is hoped that the community can add insight so that the business is carried out in accordance with their respective plans and expectations.

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan as a nano extract framework and tripolyphosphate as a stabilizer by ionic gelatin method. This study aimed to reduce free radicals in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats by administering Coriandrum sativum L nano extract as nano herbal. Methods: Characterization of the resulting nano extract was performed using Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR). The ability of nano extract as antihyperglycemic on streptozotocin-induced rats was tested using the randomized post-test only control group design research by observing the levels of blood glucose, MDA, and SOD as markers of oxidative stress. Results: The phytochemical test showed that Coriandrum sativum L extracts contained polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Characterization with PSA strongly supports nano extract as a delivery system for bioactive substances with a zeta potential of -25.80 mV and a particle size of 455.20 nm. The result of the antihyperglycemic test showed that oral administration at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day gave the best result for decreasing glucose blood and MDA, and increasing SOD level in hyperglycaemic rats. LCMS/MS analysis showed that in ethanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L are suspected to contain the 7 compounds: DL-Valine, indoline, 2-quinolinol, trans-tnrthole, luteolin, apigenin, linoliamide, and luteolinin are compounds known in to be able to lower blood glucose and malondialdehyde. Conclusion: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan had potential to decrease MDA and blood glucose, and increase SOD level in hyperglycaemic rats.

Background: Excessive physical exercise can cause injury and disrupt the body's homeostasis. Excessive physical exercise also causes increasing oxygen demand and reactive oxygen species production (ROS) that induce damage in various cells and body tissue, including HSC and CD4+ cells. This study aims to prove that excessive physical exercise decreases the CD4+ and HSC levels in Wistar rats and evaluates the correlation between HSC and CD4+ cell levels. Methods: An experimental study with a randomized post-test-only control group design was conducted among 44 male Wistar rats in Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Mangusada General Hospital, Bali, from June to September 2022. The samples were divided into two groups; 22 rats received excessive physical exercise (treatment group) and 22 rats as the control group. The CD4+ cells and HSC were examined after 14 days of intervention. Data regarding the means of CD4+ and HSC levels between the two groups were assessed, and the correlation between HSC and CD4+ cell levels was analyzed using SPSS version 21 for Windows. Results: We used 22 rats for each treatment and control group. The mean level of CD4+ and HSC were significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (356.41 vs. 661.41x106 cell/µl; p

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is known as microvascular disease. DR is a common complication in type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients which can be a major cause of vision loss in the working age population. Several studies have reported several risk factors for DR hyperglycemia, duration of DM, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to find out the description of DR patients who came to Sanglah Hospital in 2020 to increase awareness of risk factors related to DR. Method: This research is a descriptive study with an analytical cross sectional approach. Data were collected retrospectively by recording the characteristics of DR patients who came for treatment at the Eye Polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2020 based on medical records. Result: The research subjects were 80 patients with DR. Male patients dominate as much as 62.5%. Most of the participants were in the age group 50 – 59 years (37.50%). All patients who came for treatment at the Eye polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar were type II DM patients with uncontrolled HbA1c levels (53.75%). Patients were dominated by PDR cases (73.75%), DME (53.75%) and blindness (63.75%). Conclusion: The results of data analysis showed that fair control and poor control HbA1c levels had an effect on the severity of the DR type and were statistically significant. Statistically significant decrease in visual acuity occurred based on the severity of type DR. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm other risk factors. Pendahuluan: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) dikenal sebagai penyakit mikrovaskuler. DR merupakan komplikasi yang umum terjadi pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 1 dan tipe 2 yang dapat menjadi penyebab utama kehilangan penglihatan pada populasi usia kerja. Beberapa studi telah melaporkan beberapa faktor risiko terjadinya DR adalah hiperglikemia, durasi DM, hipertensi, obesitas, dislipidemia, dan diabetik nefropati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran pasien DR yang berobat di RSUP Sanglah pada tahun 2020 untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan faktor risiko terkait DR. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) analitik. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dilakukan dengan cara mencatat karakteristik pasien DR yang datang berobat di Poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada tahun 2020 berdasarkan rekam medis. Hasil: Subjek penelitian berjumlah 80 pasien dengan DR. Dari 80 pasien DR tersebut, pasien laki-laki mendominasi sebanyak 62,5%. Sebagian besar partisipan berada pada kelompok usia 50 – 59 tahun (37,50%). Seluruh pasien yang datang berobat di poliklinik Mata RSUP Sanglah Denpasar adalah pasien DM tipe II dengan kadar HbA1c yang tidak terkontrol (53,75%). Pasien didominasi oleh kasus PDR (73,75%), DME (53,75%) dan mengalami kebutaan (63,75%). Simpulan: Hasil analisis data menunjukkan kadar HbA1c fair control dan poor control berpengaruh pada keparahan dari tipe DR dan signifikan secara statistik. Penurunan visus yang signifikan secara statistik terjadi berdasarkan keparahan tipe DR. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk mengkonfirmasi faktor-faktor risiko lainnya.

BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation in the proximal segment is one of the modalities for peripheral nerve injury, although it is prone to cause excessive axonal sprouting growth in the proximal segment of the nerve. This study aimed to show that immediate electrical stimulation in the distal segment of the sciatic nerve in Wistar rats accelerated Wallerian degeneration by increasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-10, and galectin-3/MAC-2 macrophages to avoid sprouting axons excessively in the proximal segment. METHODS This was an experimental study using male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a randomized post-test only control group design. The treatment group received immediate electrical stimulation (20 Hz, 2 mA, for 5 sec) to the distal nerve after sciatic nerve injury, while the control group received no treatment. After 3 days, tissue samples were extracted from the distal segment of the sciatic nerve to examine the level of TNF-α, IL-10, and galectin 3/Mac-2 macrophages using ELISA and from proximal nerves to histologically examine the sprouting axons. RESULTS Rats in the treatment group had higher TNF-α (52.1 [10.32] versus 40.4 [17.71] pg/100 mg, p = 0.031) and higher IL-10 (918 [167.6] versus 759 [158.9] pg/ml, p = 0.010). Expression of galectin 3/Mac-2 macrophages was similar in both groups (465 [49.5] versus 444 [54.4] pg/100 mg, p = 0.247). The number of sprouting axons was lower in the treatment group (2 [IQR 1–2] versus 2.5 [IQR 2–3], p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Immediate electrical stimulation in the distal segment of the sciatic nerve can accelerate nerve regeneration.

Background: WHO, with program Vision 2020-the Right to Sight, has a responsibility to control the most cause of blindness, which is a cataract. General-purpose of this research is to identify the retinometry pre and post cataract surgery on senile cataract patients.Method: This study design is an analytical cross sectional study. All data were collected retrospectively from the medical report of retinometry of pre and post cataract surgery in Sanglah General Hospital.Results: A total number of 60 eyes from 59 patients were included in this study. The majority of the patients were male (63.3%), aged 61-70, and came from Denpasar District (38.3%). The grading of cataract (Burrato) in this study is Burrato III (60%). A nuclear cataract is common in this study (41.7%). There were relationships between the differences of retinometry post dan pre cataract surgery with the grading of cataract (Burrato) (p0.05).Conclusions: There is a significant difference between retinometry pre and post cataract surgery, no significant difference between retinometry post-cataract surgery with BCVA and type of cataract. Higher grades of cataract (Burrato V) significantly correlate with higher retinometry pre and post-cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND: The role of neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factors and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors) and early electrical stimulation (EES) in the injured nerve has found promising in several studies. However, there is still limited knowledge about the effect of EES in the distal part of the nerve to sustain this level of expression of growth factors. AIM: We aim to evaluate the effects of EES in in neural regeneration by measuring the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in animal model. METHODS: The research was conducted starting from April to May 2021 using male Wistar rats. Using general anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was cut. The intervention group was treated with EES in the distal stump, right after nerve resection (20 Hz, 1–2 mA, 2–5 s), while the control group received no treatment after nerve resection. A reoperation on day 3 was performed in both groups to measure BDNF and GDNF expression level of the distal nerve tissue by ELISA as well as histopathological examination of sprouting axons of the injured proximal nerve. RESULTS: A total of 32 samples were included in the study. A statistically significant levels of GDNF is found higher in the EES group (n = 16) than the control group (n = 16) (35. 71 pg/100 mg, confidence interval (CI) 95% 23.93, 47.48, p < 0.05). The number of sprouting axons is found lower in the EES group (p < 0.05). The BDNF level is similar between the two groups, however not significant. After a subgroup analysis, it was found that the greater the level of GDNF, the fewer the axon sprouts in both groups (fewer axon group 58.35 [n = 22, CI 95% 45.14, 71.55] vs. more axon group 47.14 [n = 10, CI 95% 35.33, 58.95]), p < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The EES proves its benefit in accelerating the axonal regeneration by increasing the expression GDNF in the distal nerve stumps in the electrical excited degenerated sciatic nerve in the rat model.

BACKGROUND Chronic total occlusion (CTO) is an angiographic picture of total occlusion without blood flow which is estimated to have lasted at least three months. There is still controversy regarding the clinical outcome and quality of life between revascularization and medical therapy in CTO. OBJECTIVE This study attempted to provide an overview of the levels of MMP-9, sST2, and NT-pro BNP as remodeling, inflammatory, and atherosclerotic markers, as well as changes in the angina severity in patients with CTO who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to those without PCI. METHODS This is a Quasi-Experimental Design study with a pre-test and post-test approach to compare PCI's effect in CTO patients towards change in MMP-9, sST2, NT-pro BNP levels, and changes in the angina severity. Twenty subjects underwent PCI and 20 subjects with optimal medical therapy who were then assessed at baseline and eight weeks after intervention. RESULTS The results of this study showed that decreased MMP-9 (pre: 12.07±1.27 ng/ml vs. post: 9.91±5.19 ng/ml; p=0.049), sST2 (pre: 37.65±20.00 ng/ml vs. post: 29.74±15.17 ng/ml; p=0.026) and NT-pro-BNP (pre: 0.63±0.23 ng/ml vs. post: 0.24±0.10 ng/ml; p CONCLUSIONS This study proves that PCI reduce MMP-9, NT-pro BNP, and sST2 levels and improve angina severity in CTO patients to a person without PCI.

BACKGROUND: Elderly patients are at an increased risk of death, particularly those with altered mental status. AIM: We aimed to develop a scoring model from simple clinical data and routine laboratory testing to aid in predicting in-hospital mortality risk for geriatric patients with delirium. METHODS: A total of 73 hospitalized geriatric patients with delirium were included in the study. A multivariate regression analysis employed to obtain independent risk factors to predict in-hospital mortality. All patients were followed until dead or discharged from hospital. The formula of (B/SE)/lowest B/SE was used to calculate the scores for each variable with strong discrimination power to be included in scoring system. RESULTS: A total of 25 (34.2%) of patients were death when being hospitalized. The mean age of the patients was 73.27 ± 7.8. From a total of 20 probable variables, three variables were then included in constructing the scoring model; no caregiver (p < 0.012), abnormal diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), and abnormal serum SGOT levels (p < 0.03). Each variable was scored as 1, following the use of formula. Total score ranges from 0 to maximum of 3. The cutoff score of ≥ 2 provided the best accuracy with sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 89.6% (p < 0.001). The probability of in-hospital mortality was 8.8%, 32.6%, 70.8%, and 92.4% for the total score of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION: This novel scoring system with simple examination may aid to identify geriatric patients with delirium which possess higher risk for in-hospital mortality.

The function of OpenCV can be used as a method for detecting Balinese script objects . Experiments to detect Balinese script using this function are able to detect all objects that are on palm leaf media. Objects that have been detected are literal objects and non-literal objects. This study aims to improve the detection method with the findcontour function by adding a fuzzy algorithm, to separate Balinese script objects from non-Balinese characters. The data in this study were in the form of Balinese script written on palm leaves. The Balinese manuscripts used as data in the research are new manuscripts that were deliberately written for research purposes. Fuzzy logic in this study is used to determine objects that have been detected, including script objects or not. The results are visible from the detected objects, fuzzy logic is able to eliminate 400 - 5000 objects that are not needed. Meanwhile, in terms of time, the filtering process with fuzzy logic has an impact on the ROI process being faster with an average time of less than 1 second.

Background: Near Point of Convergence (NPC) is a nearest point where the image still properly fused and the patient do not experience double vision. However, there is still no study that evaluate the normative value of NPC in Indonesia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate NPC break and recovery amongst school aged children with refractive error in Badung Regency, Bali.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2018. Data were collected prospectively from the examinations of school aged children in four elementary schools. Categorical data were described in frequency and percentage. The others were described in median. Kruskal Wallis test was used to statistically analyzed the data.Results: A total of 149 children were included in this study, which consisted of 56.4% women and 43.6% men. Most of the students were at 7years old age group (25.5%), while only minority who in the 12-years old age group (2%). Median NPC Break is 3,5 cm and 3,70 cm in male and female, respectively (p = 0,77). The median NPC break and recovery was greater in the 9 to 12 years old group compared to the other groups (p = 0.007 and p =0.00, respectively). Finally, hypermetropia had a greater NPC break and recovery than another groups (p = 0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences between NPC break and recovery value according to the age group and underlying refractive error.

Exophthalmometry is a routine examination procedure for proptosis or ocular protrusion patients. Hertel exophthalmometer is the most commonly used device, including in Sanglah General Hospital as tertiary care centrein Bali. The exophthalmometric measures tend to vary with age, sex, and race. Therefore, many investigators conducted researches to determine the normal value of exophthalmometry result in their populations, however there is no prior study on Indonesia population, specifically in Bali. This research is an observational study with cross sectional approach using data that were collected retrospectively based on medical record of patients with proptosis condition in ROO division, eye clinic of Sanglah General Hospital Bali in period between January 2017 to June 2018. Hertel Exophthalmometer was used to measure eyeball position toward orbital space in normal eyes and proptosis eyes, especially in axial proptosis type. The subjects were 97 patients with proptosis, which is 51 patients (65 eyes) with axial type. Mean exophthalmometry value on normal eyes (37 eyes) in this study was13.86 ± 0.51 mm and for the eyes with proptosis condition (65 eyes) the mean value 17.32 ± 0.37 mm.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition caused by periodontal bacteria that are recognized by Toll-like receptors on neutrophils, macrophages, and other immune cells. As a result of this interaction, immune cells produce inflammatory molecules like cytokines and chemokines. In addition to the pathogenic effects of periodontitis, dysregulation of neutrophil activity can occur. The neutrophil acts as a double-edged sword in periodontitis, mobilizing defence mediators and tissue repair mechanisms while also causing further tissue damage. The goal of this study was to determine how Lumbricus luberus worm extract (EEW) affected the number of neutrophil cells in rats with periodontitis. A post-test design was used. Five Wistar rats, each infected with P. gingivalis, were divided into groups: a control group (no earthworm extract), an oral EEW (200 mg/kg/body weight) group, and a topical EEW gel group (20%). The number of neutrophil cells was measured on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. The study was carried out at the Udayana University Analytical Laboratory and the Veterinary Medicine Laboratory. The differences between control, oral, and topical Lumbricus rubellus extract administration on days 3 and 7 were significant (p < 0.05). On days 14 and 21, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control vs. oral administration groups and between the control vs. earthworm extract gel groups. However, on days 14 and 21, there was no significant difference between the oral administration and L. rubellus gel extract groups (p > 0.05). The number of neutrophils was significantly lower following the oral administration of L. rubellus earthworm extracts. Keywords: Wistar periodontitis rats, Lumbricus rubellus earthworm extract, neutrophil

Background: Amplitude of Accommodation (AA) is the maximum amount of accommodation of a person's response when looking closely. Decreased accommodation capability indicates functional abnormalities, including refractive disorders. This study aims to determine the characteristics of accommodative amplitude in elementary school children with refractive abnormalities in Badung Regency, Bali.Methods: This study was an analytic cross-sectional observational research. Data were collected prospectively based on the results of examinations and observational records of students in four elementary schools. Data were presented in frequency, percentage, and bivariate tests. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: Most of the study respondents were 7 years old (25.7%), female (52.7%), not wearing glasses (91.2%), bilateral myopia correction (43.2%), and having sharp vision before correction of 0.3 (0.2-0.5) diopters. There was a significant difference in binocular eye accommodation based on the comparison of Subject AA with the Expected Value (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the comparison of students' refractive errors with the amplitude of monocular accommodation (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The measurement of monocular AA decreased with age and in this study, there was no AA result that was lower than the expected value or the minimum value according to the Hofstetteer formula. AA measurement results are not affected by refractive errors. It is necessary to screen for refractive errors early in children to reduce the number of amblyopia. Latar Belakang: Amplitudo akomodasi (AA) adalah jumlah maksimum akomodasi dari respon seseorang saat melihat dekat. Penurunan kemampuan akomodasi menunjukkan adanya kelainan fungsional antara lain berupa kelainan refraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik amplitudo akomodatif pada anak sekolah dasar dengan kelainan refraksi di Kabupaten Badung, Bali.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan observasional dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang analitik. Data dikumpulkan secara prospektif berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dan pencatatan hasil observasi pada anak-anak di empat sekolah dasar. Data ditampilkan dalam bentuk frekuensi, persentase, dan analisis bivariat. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden penelitian berusia 7 tahun (25,7%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (52,7%), tidak menggunakan kacamata (91,2%), koreksi kacamata myopia bilateral (43,2%), dan memiliki tajam pengelihatan sebelum koreksi sebesar 0,3 (0,2-0,5) dioptri. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna akomodasi mata binokular berdasarkan perbandingan AA Subjek dengan Expected Value (p=0,001). Akan tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada perbandingan kelainan refraksi siswa dengan amplitudo akomodasi monokular (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Pengukuran AA monokular menurun sesuai usia dan pada penelitian ini, tidak terdapat hasil AA yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan expected value maupun nilai minimal menurut formula Hofstetteer. Hasil pengukuran AA tidak dipengaruhi oleh kelainan refraksi. Perlu dilakukan skrining kelainan refraksi lebih awal pada anak-anak untuk mengurangi jumlah ambliopia.

Introduction: The ACL injury has commonly occurred in a greater number of athletes, less publication is about poor knee function and ACL injury in the patient with non-operative treatment. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with ACL injury non-operative, which are associated with poor knee function on daily living activities.Methods: We included patients with ACL injury that has been diagnosed for ACL injury by an orthopedic surgeon or physiotherapist in a hospital or private clinic. All participants were recruited from February 2019 to April 2019. The inclusion criteria were patients who at least 18 years old. We used the KOOS ADL function cut-off score ≤80 to dichotomous the patient with knee problems, and score >80 have no statistical analysis problem. We calculated using binary logistic regression on the KOOS ADL function for each variable.Results: The mean score of KOOS daily living was 72.8 points, of which 66 participants had poor scores, and 37 were acceptable. Women were 9.2 times more likely to had poor KOOS daily living scores than men in non-operative ACL injury patients (p=0.044), and non-elite athletes had a higher possibility by 8.5 times higher than those who were participated in sports only for leisure or recreation (p=0.002).Conclusion: This study confirmed that patients who did not undergo the ACL reconstruction had a poor knee function in daily living. It was associated with women and non-elite athlete participants, yet the concomitant injuries were possibly confounder for the association.

Background: Recently in the development of the technology, the handling, and management taken for patients are increasingly complex and diverse, especially in the field of cardiology intervention. There are various interventions that residents need to know and cleanse in the field of cardiology in fulfilling their competencies before becoming cardiologists. If the intervention is not done properly, it can affect the patient safety risk or other undesirable complications of the patient. Conventional learning as one of the learning methods always seems to be used in several learning topics. In the middle of resident's hectic schedule and the competencies that must be mastered by them, it triggered the emergence of new learning methods in cardiology, especially in the field of intervention. Simulation-based learning (SBL) has a role in cardiology medicine. Thus, the present review aims to describe the conventional learning, SBL and develop a more effective method in the learning process of cardiology resident procedural skill.Method: We searched for all articles using the term "SBL in interventional cardiology, the effectiveness of SBL for cardiology resident skill, conventional learning method in cardiology medicine, SBL vs. conventional method in cardiology medicine, SBL vs. conventional method in interventional cardiology" in the title or research abstract. We did search on Google Scholar, Medical Education Journals, and Cochrane from 2004 until 2019. We also take a similar topic from the citation of the journal that included in this review.Conclusion: The effectiveness of SBL compared with conventional learning method is better in improving procedural cardiology resident skills. Given the increasing demand for procedural capability competencies that must be possessed by resident cardiology, some benefit of that learning method can be achieved from SBL especially in terms of procedural skills and patient safety.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia and often becomes persistent with a high risk of thromboembolism event. Spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm can occur in 50% of cases with new-onset AF. In this case report we report the spontaneous conversion of AF to sinus rhythm in patients with Unstable Angina without any thromboembolic complications.Case description: A 65-year-old man with unstable angina pectoris (UA) with new-onset atrial fibrillation normal ventricular rate (AF-NVR) came to the Emergency Department Bali Mandara General Hospital. Patients have a history of uncontrolled hypertension and active smokers. Standard management of UA using dual antiplatelet, nitrates, and anticoagulants was given to this patient. There were no anti-arrhythmia drugs given to seek for AF cardioversion. Within 6 hours after initial therapy, spontaneous conversion of AF to sinus rhythm occurs. The patient was treated for five days in a stable condition without thromboembolic complications. Long-term anticoagulants were not given to patients because the CHA2DS2-Vasc score is less than two indicating a low risk of thromboembolism.Conclusion: New-onset AF has the chance of spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm within 48 hours, proper management of the trigger factors of AF and optimal rate control are determinants of prognosis. Provision of long-term anticoagulants must be based on the CHA2DS2-Vasc score.

Virtual patient simulation (VPS) is an online computer simulation system that contains patients' clinical situation to train and realistically assess clinical abilities with supplemental animation, demonstration of anatomy, ECG tracing, etc. It can be used for teaching, learning, and assessment supports learning. Until now, it is difficult to ascertain how many VPS systems have been used today in the world, both for learning and assessment, especially in cardiology medicine field. We searched for all research using the term "virtual patient in medical education, virtual patient in cardiology & virtual patient simulation in cardiology" in the title or research abstract from 2014 until 2019. In this current review, we will describe the use of VPS for learning and assessment purposes in cardiology medicine field.Â

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis cysts adversely affect a woman’s quality of life, which causes pain and reduces fertility. The World Health Organization found that the incidence of endometriosis with infertility clinical manifestations is around 10%. AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of mice oocytes mitochondrial apoptosis exposed with endometriosis cysts follicular fluid through Bcl-2 and cytochrome C analysis. METHODS: This study was a randomized post-test only control group design conducted at Sanglah Hospital, Bali Royal Hospital in Denpasar, and the Medical Faculty Udayana University from June 2018 to April 2019. A total of 120 mice oocytes were distributed randomly into three groups, i.e., treatment Groups 1 and 2 that added by 15% endometriosis cysts follicular fluid and control group. Bcl-2 and Cytochrome C analyzed with ELISA Technique. Comparability was tested with one-way ANOVA with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Eighteen mice oocyte replicates were normally distributed and homogeneous. The Bcl-2 levels in the treatment Groups 1, and 2 and control were 627.83 ± 146.42, 634.50 ± 140.62, and 678.83 ± 152.71, respectively; p = 0.838 (not significantly different). Cytochrome C levels in the treatment Groups 1, and 2, and control, respectively, were 3147.75 ± 228.50, 3104.45 ± 211.29, and 2738.28 ± 227.45; p = 0.021 (significantly different). CONCLUSION: The effect of endometriosis cysts follicular fluid exposure on mitochondrial apoptosis is proven through Cytochrome C, whereas Bcl-2 is not proven.

BACKGROUND: Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 gene had been associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, several published studies have shown inconsistent results. AIM: A meta-analysis was assessed to evaluate the association between SDF-1 3’A-gene polymorphism and CAD in the literature. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and adhering to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. The literature search strategy was carried out on April 3, 2019, from PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and DOAJ during 2013–2018 period using various keywords related to SDF-1, CXCL12, polymorphism, and CAD. Original data from the group, case-control study, English full-text, and DNA polymorphism assessment using polymerase chain reaction were enrolled. Gene polymorphism in A-base nucleotide among patients with CAD and healthy subjects were evaluated. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane, Denmark) for meta-analysis. RESULTS: Five eligible studies extracted for data analysis (2013–2018) based on the assessment of 2-independent reviewers. Several studies have been excluded due to irrelevant criteria evaluated. A significant result was found between SDF-1 3’A gene polymorphism with the increased risk of CAD in the overall effect evaluation using a fixed-effects model (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.54-2.65; I2: 34%; p

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still a global health problem. Current T2DM treatments are limited to curing the symptoms and have not been able to restore insulin sensitivity in insulin-sensitive tissues that have become resistant. In the past decade, some studies have shown the significant role of a chaperone family, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), in insulin resistance pathogenesis that leads to T2DM. HSP70 is a cytoprotective molecular chaperone that functions in protein folding and degradation. In general, studies have shown that decreased concentration of HSP70 is able to induce inflammation process through JNK activation, inhibit fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria through mitophagy decrease and mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as activate SREBP-1c, one of the lipogenic gene transcription factors in ER stress. The overall molecular pathways are potentially leading to insulin resistance and T2DM. Increased expression of HSP70 in brain tissues is able to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control specifically. HSP70 modulation-targeting strategies (including long-term physical exercise, hot tub therapy (HTT), and administration of alfalfa-derived HSP70 (aHSP70)) in subjects with insulin resistance are proven to have therapeutic and preventive potency that are promising in T2DM management.

This study was conducted at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, as obtained related data the performance of employees who experience fluctuations, so factors that will affect the performance of PND employees will be investigated, namely leadership and organizational climate mediated by job satisfaction. The study population was all permanent employees at the 32nd Denpasar National Polytechnic. The sampling method uses the census method or saturated sample, so the number of respondents is 32 people. Based on the results of research and related discussions can be concluded: Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, organizational climate positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction at the National Polytechnic Denpasar, organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction of employees of the National Polytechnic Denpasar, Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Denpasar National Polytechnic, Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable on the Denpasar National Polytechnic. Organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable in the Denpasar National Polytechnic

Introduction: Diabetes is often accompanied by undiagnosed dyslipidemia. The aim of the study is to investigate the clinical relevance of lipid profiles and lipid ratios as predictive biochemical models for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This is a retrospective study recruiting 140 patients with T2DM during a one-year period, 2018-2019, at the Diabetic Center Sanglah General Hospital and Internal Medicine Polyclinic Puri Raharja General Hospital. Demographic characteristics, glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) , and lipid profile were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. The sample is then classified into good (HBA1c≤7) and poor (HBA1c>7) glycemic control. Risk analysis model, receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis, and correlation test were used to evaluate the association of HBA1c level with lipid profile and lipid ratio parameters. Result: Lipid profile findings such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , triglycerides (TG), and lipid ratio parameter (LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio) were higher in patients in the poor glycemic control group (p 0.7), with cutoff point, sensitivity, and specificity of 4.68 (77%; 52%) and 3.06 (98%; 56%) respectively. A risk analysis model shows that the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio parameter is the most influential risk factor in the occurrence of poor glycemic control (adjusted OR =38.76; 95% CI: 27.32-56.64; p

I Ketut Agus Somia,1 Tuti Parwati Merati,1 I Made Bakta,2 Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba,3 Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa,4 I Dewa Made Sukrama,5 Ketut Suryana,6 Rudi Wisaksana71Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University-Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University–Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Math and Science, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 4Department of Clinical Pathology, Udayana University–Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 5Department of Clinical Microbiology, Udayana University-Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 6Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Udayana University-Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 7Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, IndonesiaPurpose: This study aimed to determine whether high levels of serum IL-6 and serum hepcidin and CD46 months, had >95% adherence of cARV within 6 months, did not have any clinical failure, did not have any immunological failure and did not receive switch therapy within 6 months. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed.Results: A total of 42 cases and 42 controls were included in this study. Significant differences were found between case and control, which included serum IL-6, serum hepcidin, smoking, creatinine clearance, anemia at the initiation of cARV, CD4 at the initiation of cARV and actual CD4 (cell/μL). High levels of serum IL-6, high levels of serum hepcidin and CD4< 350 cells/μl were risk factors for ACD. After adjusted with anemia at cARV initiation and BMI, we found that high levels of serum IL-6 (adjusted OR: 17.682; 95% CI: 3.442–90.826), high levels of serum hepcidin (adjusted OR: 10.562; 95% CI: 2.531–44.076) and CD4

Background: The modality of therapy in this era is quite sophisticated. The mortality rate of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme is still high. It might be due to the late diagnosis of the tumors since most in the early stages some tumors do not show any significant symptoms or the symptoms usually misdiagnosed with another disease. Nowadays there is an uptrend of therapeutic methods called immunotherapy which declared as the fourth approachment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta, the author starts this approach using dendritic cell vaccines in the specialized department called the Indonesia Army Cell Cure Center.Aim: The report aims to describe a case of GBM treated by dendritic cell vaccines.Case Report: A 52-year-old woman had weakness in her left extremities and visual impairment in the left eye since 2016. The patient was brought to RSPAD in August 2016 with a history of cerebral hemorrhage, then already underwent a craniotomy at the right temporoparietal region. After biopsies and tissues examination, the patient later diagnosed with GBM. As for judging the natural history of the diseases, the team decided to counsel the patient and her family conducting a new treatment strategy for GBM, immunotherapy. The immunotherapy approach performed in RSPAD was the dendritic cell (DC) vaccines therapy. As regard to post-DC vaccines therapy, the patient showed a significant improvement in her clinical condition (Karnofsky performance status increased from 30% to 60%). Also, the patient surpassed the average survival rate. Thus, the patient still scheduled for a routine follow up and a round of examinations to preserve the patient improved condition.Conclusion: The patient who has immunotherapy strategy especially dendritic cell vaccines therapy has shown an improved clinical status and survival rate for GBM, more than the average survival rates. These findings might give us more insights into how dendritic cell vaccines therapy can be involved as the fourth therapeutic strategies on treating patients with GBM.

Background Antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapies are part of standard core treatments for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Effectiveness of these therapies, however, is often offset by the resultant hemorrhagic complications, which in turn possess significantly worse prognosis. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) accompanied by acute bleeding, such as anterior epistaxis, is common and arise potential dilemma in deciding appropriate management as a standard medical strategy that may put patients in immediate threat as it increases the ongoing bleeding event. Case description A 46-year-old male patient with late-onset infero-posterolateral STEMI and anterior epistaxis was admitted to the emergency ward of Mangusada Regional Hospital. The patient had long-standing history of uncontrolled hypertension and previously been treated with tranexamic acid to stop nasal bleeding. Neither percutaneous coronary intervention nor fibrinolysis was performed due to financial issue, and patient only managed conservatively with adequate medications including dual antiplatelet with aspirin and clopidogrel and anticoagulant with unfractionated heparin. No active bleeding was observed during in-hospital treatment and the patient was then discharged after 8 days with complete improvement of symptoms and ST-segment elevation resolution. Conclusion This case report highlights the treatment strategy for patients with myocardial infarction in the setting of acute bleeding focusing on antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. We also discussed the potential association between tranexamic acid and arterial thromboembolic complication resulting in AMI.

Background An increasing number of valid and well-designed trials have demonstrated a positive correlation between visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and increased risk of stroke and coronary heart disease among hypertensive patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted that involved 74 patients who visited the outpatient clinic at the Tabanan III Primary Health Care Service during April to May 2017. Blood pressure was retrospectively obtained from medical records. VVV was classified as low or high on the basis of the standard deviation of SBP. Antihypertensive medication adherence was expressed as the percentage of days covered, and sodium intake was measured with 24-hour food recall. Bivariate analysis was performed, followed by multivariate analysis for significant variables. Results Among the participants, 67.6% were female, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 62.70 (10.00) years. Blood pressure was measured 4.82±0.78 times during the period, and the mean (SD) SBP was 139.65 (10.57) mm Hg. Nonadherence and sodium intake were significantly higher in the high-VVV group than in the low-VVV group (nonadherence 13.5% vs. 37.8%, P=0.033; sodium intake 1278.44±43.02 mg vs. 1495.85±45.26 mg, P=0.038). After adjustment for other covariates, the differences remained significant only for nonadherence (model I exp β=3.89 [95.0% confidence interval 1.23–12.34, P Conclusion Nonadherence to antihypertensive medication was significantly associated with higher VVV of SBP. Further study is needed to assess whether improving adherence could reduce VVV and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Significance statement This study provides an overview of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in hypertension blood pressure management in a primary health care service setting. In this study there was a significant relationship between the use of antihypertensive drugs and VVV. This finding illustrates that VVV can be used as an additional factor in considering the target of controlling blood pressure in primary health services, given that hypertension has many complications that can arise if management is not done properly.

The Kintamani community in Bali uses the Solanum betaceum as a vegetable or herbal medicine to treat sprue disease. This study aims to isolate flavonoid glycosides and prove the activity of flavonoid glycoside extract of n-butanol, as an antioxidant. The separation of n-butanol extracts was carried out by column chromatography and then identified by FTIR, UV-Vis and LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Three flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified from 5 and 6 fractions of n butanol extract namely Quercetin 3-O rhamnoside, Routine and Kaempferol 3-O rutinoside. The three flavonoid glycoside compounds have strong antioxidant activity with DPPH Test. These results indicated the potential of terong belanda fruit as a source of natural antioxidants for health management.

Background: Inflammation represents a pivotal role in the progression of cervical cancer. The hematological markers of inflammation in complete blood count (CBC) panel are potentially useful in determining the prognosis of the disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) could be used as in predicting the stage of cervical cancer. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 282 patients with cervical cancer was enrolled at Sanglah General Hospital for five years (2013-2017). The histopathological records and complete blood counts (CBC) of the patients were collected and analyzed using SPSS ver. 16 software. FIGO stage I–II and III-IV were classified as early and advance stage respectively. Results: The median NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the advance stage compared with early stage (7.58 (1.36-33.20) and 247.89 (97.10-707.11); p-value = 0.001). A strong positive correlation was found between the staging of cervical cancer and NLR (r=0.638) and PLR (r=0.668). The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity value of NLR and PLR were 0.803 (82%; 71%) and 0.716 (72%; 70%). Advanced stage of cervical cancer was found in high NLR (adjusted OR: 9.02; 95%CI=2.42-33.64; p=0.001) and PLR (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.45-4.85; p = 0.032). Conclusion: Increased pretreatment NLR and PLR values may provide a useful information in predicting the staging of cervical cancer.

UPT. Laboratorium Analitik Universitas Udayana menghasilkan limbah yang mengandung bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya. Sistem pengolahan air limbah yaitu fitodegradasi, menggunakan tanaman Pacing (Cheilocostus speciosus) telah dicoba untuk mengolah limbah cair laboratorium. Konstruksi unit pengolahan terdiri dari sebuah bak terbuat dari beton dengan media tanah berukuran 7 m x 1,2 m x 0,34 m yang ditumbuhi Pacing. Penelitian dilakukan selama dua minggu meliputi penelitian eksperimental, observasi pre dan post perlakuan. Efektivitas sistem fitoremediasi dalam menurunkan kandungan Hg adalah 100% pada hari ketiga, Cd sebesar 77,17 % dan Pb sebesar 9,50 % pada hari keempat. Kandungan Pb, Cd dan Hg berkurang secara signifikan setelah fitoremediasi. ABSTRACT: UPT Analytical Laboratory of Udayana University produced liquid waste which contained dangerous chemicals such as : lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Mercury (Hg). Processing system of liquid waste using phytodegradation of pacing plant (Cheilocostus speciosus) has been studied to reduce the concentrations of heavy metals of laboratory liquid waste. The construction of the processing unit consisted of conerete tank filled with soil media grown over with pacing plant. The size of the tank was; 7 meters in length, 1.2 meters in width and 0.35 meters in depth. The duration of the experiment was 2 weeks, by observation of pre and post treatment to record the effectivenesss of the pacing plants in reducing the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in liquid waste. The results showed the effectiveness of the system in reducing the concentration of Pb, Cd and Hg were 9,50 %; 77,17 % and 100 % respectively. The concentration of Pb, Cd and Hg decreased significantly after treatment.

Introduction: A study has been conducted on the methanol extract of mangosteen peel (MEMP) in rats exposed to diazinon pesticides (DZN). The purpose of this study is to prove that the methanol extract of mangosteen peel can increase the activity of AChE and GPx as well as decrease MDA concentration of rats that were exposed to DZN. Method: Thirty healthy male Wistar rats divided into five groups. The control group (K-), group II was exposed to DZN (K+), group III was exposed to DZN and given 200 mg/kg MEMP (P1), group IV was exposed to DZN and given 400 mg/kg MEMP (P2) and group V was exposed to DZN and given 600 mg/kg MEMP (P3), and performed for three weeks. Blood samples were taken for analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and MDA levels. Results: The results analyzed by ANOVA test followed by post hoc test. MEMP treatment showed significantly higher AChE activity (pConclusions: The conclusion is MEMP can increase activity of AChE, GPx and decrease MDA concentration on rats exposed to DZN.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi buah asam (Tamarindus indica L.) dan susu skim untuk menghasilkan kualitas yoghurt sesuai dengan SNI 01-2981-2009.Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas sembilan perlakuan. Yoghurt kunir asam dibuat dari variasi penambahan variasi konsentrasi Tamarindus indica L. 30%, 40%, dan 50% (b/V) dan susu skim 5%, 10%, dan 15% (b/V). Sifat fisika, kimia, dan mikrobiologi yoghurt kunir asam diamati. Dihasilkan kualitas terbaik yoghurt kunir asam dengan penambahan 30% Tamarindus indica L. (b/V0dan 15% susu skim (b/V). Dengan hasil analisis penampakan cairan kental; konsistensi homogen; rasa asam; bau khas; viskositas 89,3 cP; pH 4,85; kadar abu 1,52%; kadar lemak total 2,53%; kadar protein total 3,74%; kadar asam laktat 0,223%, kadar kurkumin 0,389%; cemaran logam Pb dan Cu serta Total Coliform dan E. coli negatif. ABSTRACT:.The objective of this research was to determinethe influence of concentrated Tamarindus indica L. and skim milk powder in producing tumuric curcumin yogurt towards its product based on SNI 01-2981-2009. The research was conducted in completely randomized design which consisted of nine treatments. The yogurt mixtures were made from a variation of 30%, 40%, and 50% of Tamarindus indica L. and addition of 5%, 10%, and 15% of skim milk powder. Physical, chemical, and microbiology properties of the turmeric curcuma yogurts were observed. The results showed the best quality of turmeric curcumin yogurt was formulated by the addition of 30% Tamarindus indica L. and 15% skim milk powder, with the results of the analysis: the appearance of a viscous fluid; homogeneous consistency; sour taste; distinctive smell; viscosity of 89.3 cP; pH of 4.85; ash content of 1.52%; total fat content of 2.53%; total protein content of 3.74%; lactic acid levels of 0.22%, curcumin content of 0,389%; however the Pb, Cu, Coliform and E. coli were not detected.

Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat disintesis dari minyak jelantah dan alkohol melalui proses esterifikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan dasar minyak jelantah dengan kadar asam lemak bebas sebesar 9,16 %, dimana alkohol yang digunakan adalah bioetanol tetes tebu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi biodiesel hasil esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dengan hasil destilasi bioetanol tetes tebu. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan perbandingan bervariasi antara minyak jelantah dan etanol yaitu 1 : 1 (B1), 3:1 (B2), 5:1 (B3). Hasil karakterisasi biodiesel diperoleh sesuai dengan SNI berturut-turut untuk densitas B1 = 860,3, B2 = 865,3 , B3 = 866,3 (kg/m3), Viskositas B1 = 19,138 , B2 = 24,881 , B3 = 25,359(mm2/s), Titik NyalaB1 = 138,5, B2 = 93,5, B3 = 212,5 (0C). Titik tuang B1 = 6, B2 = 93,5, B3 = 212,5. Titik Tuang B1 = 6, B2 = 6, dan B3 = 9 (0C). Korosi B1 = 1a, B2 = 1a dan B3 =1a. Untuk kadar air dengan hasil B1 = 0,05, B2 = trace (tidak terdeteksi) dan B3 = 0,2 (% v/v).Biodiesel minyak jelantah dan etanol tetes tebu dapat terbentuk, setelah dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas menunjukkan adanya senyawa ester (etil palmitat, etil linoleat, etil laurat) dengan waktu retensi masing-masing adalah 17,0, 18,6 , 18,7 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bioetanol tetes tebu dapat digunakan dalam sintesis biodiesel. Penggunaan bioetanol tetes tebu dalam sintesis biodiesel diperoleh karakteristik sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) -04-7182-2006 kecuali viskositas. ABSTRACT: Biodiesel is an alternative energy for fossil fuel. It can be synthesized by esterification of waste cooking oil with alcohol. In this research, the used waste cooking oil contains 9.16 % FFA, while the alcohol used was bioethanol fermented from molase. The aim of this research was to characterize biodiesel produced from esterification and transesterification of used cooking oil with bioethanol molase. The ratios of oil to bioethanol were 1:1 (B1), 3:1 (B2), and 5:1 (B3). Based on the characterizations of the biodiesel, it was found that the density were 860.3, 865.3, 866.3 kg/m3 for B1, B2, B3 respectively. The viscosities were 19.138, 24.881, 25.359 mm2/s for B1, B2, B3 respectively. The flash points were 138.50C, 93.50C, 212.50C for B1, B2, B3 respectively. The pour points were 6, 6, 90C for B1, B2, B3 respectively. The copperstrip corrosions were 1a, 1a, 1a for B1, B2, B3 respectively. The water content were 0.05, trace, 0.2 % v/v for B1, B2, B3, while B2 only contained trace amount of water. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the biodiesel produced contains ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate and ethyl laurate with retention time of 17.0, 18.6 , 18.7 minutes respectively. Based on the analyses, it can be concluded that biodiesel from used cooking oil and molase fulfils the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) -04-7182-2006, except for its viscosity.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kadar logam seng plasma alkohol dehidrogenase pada tikus yang diberi etanol 40 % dengan volume 2 mL dan 3 mL. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Randomized Posttest Only Control Group Desain dengan dua kelompok perlakuan dan satu kelompok kontrol. Rata-rata kadar logam seng plasma pada tikus kontrol (K) dan tikus yang diberi etanol 40 % dengan volume 2 mL (P1) dan 3 mL (P2) adalah 445,83 ± 27,76 mg/L; 928,38 ± 183,13 mg/L; dan 1228,75 ± 80,00 mg/L. Hasil perhitungan rata-rata aktivitas alkohol dehidrogenase plasma pada tikus kontrol dan tikus yang diberi etanol 40 % dengan volume 2 mL dan 3 mL adalah 21,00 ± 0,34 ng/mL; 18,69 ± 0,31 ng/mL dan 17,05 ± 0,33 ng/mL. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan p < 0,05 sehingga terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar logam seng plasma dan aktivitas alkohol dehidrogenase pada tikus kontrol dan tikus yang diberi etanol 40 % dengan volume 2 mL dan 3 mL. Hasil analisis Tukey/HSD untuk kadar rata-rata logam seng plasma tikus kontrol dan tikus yang diberi etanol 40 % dengan volume 2 mL dan 3 mL memiliki perbedaan signifikan, yaitu terjadinya peningkatan kadar logam seng plasma dan pada aktivitas alkohol dehidrogenase dengan terjadi penurunan pada kelompok tikus yang diberi etanol 40 % dengan volume 2 mL dan 3 mL terhadap tikus kontrol.

Teknologi WiFi yang digunakan pada rural area pada umumnya untuk jaringan fisik untuk koneksi satu base-station ke base-station yang lain (backhaul) atau ke switching centre seringkali terdapat banyak permasalahan. Wi-Fi dioptimasi untuk penggunaan dengan jangkauan yang pendek, penggunaan untuk luar ruangan dan jangkauan yang panjang akan menyebabkan multipath dan delay spread tidak tertangani secara optimal Meskipun penggunaan teknologi WiFi cukup praktis, akan tetapi penggunaan WiFi untuk koneksi backhaul akan menimbulkan permasalahan karena teknologi WiFi dirancang dan dioptimasi untuk penggunaan dengan cakupan LAN, sedangkan kondisi geografis di pedesaan tidak memungkinkan instalasi tersebut. Teknologi LTE menjawab permasalahan yang timbul dalam instalasi WiFi diantaranya kecepatan puncak data, mobilitas pengguna, daya, konsumsi, handover, fasilitas roaming dan coverage.. Long Term Evolution (LTE) adalah generasi teknologi telekomunikasi selular. Menurut standar, LTE memberikan kecepatan uplink hingga 50 megabit per detik (Mbps) dan kecepatan downlink hingga 100 Mbps. LTE memiliki standar terbaru teknologi jaringan mobile yang diproduksi dengan teknologi jaringan GSM/EDGE dan UMTS/HSDPA. Implementasi LTE untuk mengatasi permasalahan koneksi backhaul di pedesaan dengan teknologi Rural 4G secara teknis dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan koneksi backhaul pada jaringan WiFi.

Objective: Treatment of optic neuritic as recommended by the Optic Neuritic Treatment Trial (ONTT) was intravenous methylprednisolon followed by oral prednisone. This study aims to describe characteristics and response to intravenous methylprednisolon followed by oral prednisone treatment of optic neuritic patient in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar. Method: This report is an analytical cross sectional study. Data were collected retrospectively from medical report of optic neuritic patient who came to Sanglah General Hospital during a period of January 1st 2010 until December 31st 2011. Patient characteristics were analyzed with descriptive analyses and presented as frequency, percentage, mean and standar deviation. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity improvement after intravenous methylprednisolon followed by oral prednisone treatment were statistically analyzed with Wilcoxon test Results: Optic neuritic were found in twenty-three patients (33 eyes), majority was in age group of 15-40 years (56.5%) with female predominance (65.2%) and unilateral involvement was 56.3%. Mean onset patient presented to the hospital was 21.7±2.21 days and the most common symptom was decreasing vision (87.9%). The majority of patient presented with papillitis (54.5%), totally color blindness found in 39.4% eyes, and the type of visual field defect at presentation was central scotoma (18.2%). All cases show lesion of optic nerve from visual evoked potential (VEP) examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows normal results (39.1% patient). The mean of pretreatment logMAR visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were significant improve after treatment from 1.59±0.47 to 0.59±0.62 (p=0.0001) and 0.31±0.56 to 1.25±0.56 (p=0.0001), respectively. All cases in this study were idiopathic. Recurrences were seen in 2 eyes and none of patient had clinical features suggestive of multiple sclerosis. Conclusions: Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity improvement after intravenous methylprednisolon followed by oral prednisone treatment in this study is good, with lower rate of recurrence and none of cases associated with multiple sclerosis

Objective: Increased production of reactive oxygen species is one of the causes of hyperglycemia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) extracts as an antidiabetic agent in decreasing blood glucose and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) level of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats.Methods: This research is a real experimental study with pre- and post-test control group design. The study begins with the induction of hyperglycemia in 40 Wistar rats using alloxan. Subsequently, hyperglycemic rats were divided into 6 groups, namely, the positive control group (P0); the treatment group by not giving the intake of Indonesian bay leaf (P1); the treatment group was given the extract of Indonesian bay leaves (S. polyanthum) 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day (P2); treatment group given Indonesian bay leaves extract 2.0 mg/kg body weight/day (P3); treatment group given Indonesian bay leaves 5.0 mg/kg body weight/day (P4), and P5 was treatment group with glibenclamide (hyperglycemia-lowering medication).Results: In the treatment of P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 groups, it can be seen that there are decreases of blood glucose and AGEs level between pre- and post-test comparison. However, the most significant drop in mean plasma glucose level was observed at the dosage 5.0 mg kg-1 (P4).Conclusion: The administration of Indonesian bay leaf extracts at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight/day have an antidiabetic effect through decreasing blood glucose and AGEs level in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats.

Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan dan karakterisasi arang aktif dari batang tanaman gumitir (Tagetes erecta) menggunakan aktivator NaOH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat arang aktif dan menentukan konsentrasi NaOH optimum yang dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan arang aktif dengan karakteristik yang baik ditinjau dari kadar air, kadar zat mudah menguap, kadar abu total, kadar karbon, daya serap terhadap metilen biru, dan daya serap terhadap iod. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif yang diaktivasi dengan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) 2,5% menghasilkan arang aktif dengan karakteristik terbaik dan memenuhi standar baku mutu SNI 06 – 3730 – 1995 tentang arang aktif teknis. Arang aktif yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini memiliki kadar air sebesar 1,25 ± 0,02%, kadar zat mudah menguap sebesar 12,00 ± 0%, kadar abu total sebesar 5,33 ± 0,41%, kadar karbon sebesar 81,41%, daya serap terhadap metilen biru sebesar 199,97 ± 0,07 mg/g, dan daya serap terhadap I2 sebesar 728,09 ± 2,16 mg/g. Hasil analisis dengan spektrofotometer FTIR menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tersebut mempunyai gugus fungsi C-H alifatik, C=O, C=C aromatik, dan O-H ikatan hidrogen