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Background: In Germany, current school-based first aid training recommendations do not include children under 13 years. Our aim was therefore to evaluate a primary school-based first aid course for children aged 6–13 years. Methods: Our 2-day course (4 hours per day) for primary schools in the German rural state Brandenburg included basic elements of scene safety, compression bandages, recovery position, and resuscitation. The evaluation of specific knowledge and skills took place 1-day post-course. Results: Among the 1,268 included children (median age 9y, 49% girls) from six primary schools, 25% had previously attended first aid courses. Most children knew emergency phone number(s) pre-course. Afterward, this knowledge improved by 15% in the 6–7-year age group (reaching 80%) whereas it remained at 90% in children aged 8–13 years. After the course, about 80% of the 8–13-year-old children (40% in 6–7-year age group) answered at least one resuscitation question correctly. In the practical skill assessments, about 80% of the 8–13-year-old children (60% in the 6–7-year age group) chose a correct or almost-correct chest compression rate during resuscitation. The correct depth of compression was achieved by about 80% (10–13 years), 60% (8–9 years), and 40% (6–7 years). Three-quarters successfully put another child in the recovery position; more than two-thirds applied a compression bandage appropriately. Conclusions: A 2-day course in a primary school setting showed considerable improvement in first aid and resuscitation skills of children aged 6–13 years. Future studies should examine these effects’ sustainability and the appropriate timing for refresher courses. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: In Deutschland umfassen die aktuellen schulbasierten Erste-Hilfe-Schulungsempfehlungen keine Kinder unter 13 Jahren. Unser Ziel war es daher, einen Erste-Hilfe-Kurs für Grundschulen zu evaluieren. Material und Methode: Unser zweitägiger Kurs (4 Stunden pro Tag) für Grundschulen im Bundesland Brandenburg umfasste Basiselemente der eigenen Sicherheit am Unfallort, Kompressionsverbände, stabile Seitenlage und Wiederbelebung. Nach der Basiserhebung kurz vor Schulungsbeginn fand die Evaluation spezifischer Kenntnisse (mit Fragebogen) und Fertigkeiten einen Tag nach dem Kurs statt. Ergebnisse Unter den 1.268 eingeschlossenen Kindern (Altersmedian 9 Jahre, 49% Mädchen) von sechs Grundschulen hatten 25% bereits früher an einem Erste-Hilfe-Kurs teilgenommen. Die meisten Kinder kannten vor dem Kurs bereits die Notrufnummer(n). Danach verbesserte sich dieses Wissen um 15% und erreichte 80% in der Altersgruppe der 6-7-Jährigen, während es bei älteren Kindern (8-13 Jahre) bei 90% blieb. Nach dem Kurs beantworteten 40% der 6-7-Jährigen und etwa 80% der 8-13-jährigen Kinder mindestens eine Frage zur Reanimation richtig. Bei den Bewertungen der praktischen Fertigkeiten wählten 60% der 6-7-Jährigen und etwa 80% der 8-13-jährigen Kinder während der Wiederbelebung die korrekte oder nahezu korrekte Rate der Kompression des Brustkorbs aus. Die richtige Kompressionstiefe wurde von 40% (6-7 Jahre), 60% (8-9 Jahre) und etwa 80% (10-13 Jahre) erreicht. Drei Viertel der Teilnehmenden setzten erfolgreich ein anderes Kind in die Stabile Seitenlage; mehr als zwei Drittel legten einen Kompressionsverband angemessen an. Schlussfolgerungen Ein zweitägiger Kurs in der Grundschule führte in allen Altersgruppen von 6-13 Jahren zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung ihrer Kenntnisse in Erster-Hilfe und Fähigkeiten bei der Wiederbelebung. Zukünftige Studien sollten die Nachhaltigkeit dieser Effekte und den geeigneten Zeitpunkt für Auffrischungskurse untersuchen. Schlüsselwörter: Grundschule, Erste Hilfe, Wiederbelebung, Laienschulung, Schulkinder, Schüler, Basisreanimation, Klassenzimmer, Blutungsstillung, Kompressionsverband, Stabile Seitenlage, Wiederbelebung, Laien-Wiederbelebung Streszczenie Tło Obecne zalecenia dotyczące szkolenia z pierwszej pomocy w niemieckich szkołach nie obejmują dzieci poniżej 13 roku życia. Naszym celem było zatem ocenienie kursu pierwszej pomocy dla dzieci w wieku od 6 do 13 lat prowadzonego w szkole podstawowej. Metody Nasz dwudniowy kurs (4 godziny dziennie) dla szkół podstawowych na obszarach wiejskich w niemieckim kraju związkowym Brandenburgia obejmował podstawowe elementy bezpieczeństwa w miejscu zdarzenia, bandażowanie uciskowe, pozycję bezpieczną i resuscytację. Ocena konkretnych umiejętności i wiedzy odbyła się dzień po zakończeniu kursu. Wyniki Wśród 1268 uwzględnionych dzieci (średni wiek 9 lat, 49% dziewczyn) z sześciu szkół podstawowych, 25% uczestniczyło wcześniej w kursach pierwszej pomocy. Większość dzieci przed kursem znała już numer(y) alarmowy. Po kursie wiedza ta poprawiła się o 15% w grupie wiekowej 6-7 lat (osiągając 80%), podczas gdy w grupie wiekowej 8-13 lat pozostała na poziomie 90%. Po kursie około 80% dzieci w wieku od 8 do 13 lat (40% w grupie wiekowej 6-7 lat) poprawnie odpowiedziało na co najmniej jedno pytanie dotyczące resuscytacji. W ocenach praktycznych umiejętności, około 80% dzieci w wieku od 8 do 13 lat (60% w grupie wiekowej 6-7 lat) wybrało właściwe lub prawie właściwe tempo ucisków klatki piersiowej podczas resuscytacji. Prawidłowa głębokość ucisków była osiągana przez około 80% (w wieku od 10 do 13 lat), 60% (w wieku od 8 do 9 lat) i 40% (w wieku od 6 do 7 lat). Trzy czwarte dzieci skutecznie ułożyło inne dziecko w pozycji bezpiecznej, a ponad dwie trzecie odpowiednio zastosowało bandaż uciskowy. Wnioski Dwudniowy kurs przeprowadzony w szkole podstawowej wykazał znaczną poprawę umiejętności pierwszej pomocy i resuscytacji u dzieci w wieku od 6 do 13 lat. W przyszłych badaniach należy zbadać trwałość tych efektów oraz odpowiedni czas na odświeżenie wiedzy pozyskanej na kursach. Słowa kluczowe: szkoła podstawowa, pierwsza pomoc, resuscytacja, szkolenie dla laików, dzieci szkolne, uczniowie, International Journal of First Aid Education, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)

Hintergrund und Stand (inter)nationaler Forschung: Der Zeitraum nach der Geburt birgt für Mütter und Säuglinge besondere psychosoziale Belastungen. In Deutschland liegen nur begrenzte Erkenntnisse zur Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen und deren Determinanten für diese Lebensphase [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Background Chronic neck pain is a highly prevalent condition. Learning a relaxation technique is recommended by numerous guidelines for chronic neck pain. Smartphone apps can provide relaxation exercises; however, their effectiveness, especially in a self-care setting, is unclear. Objective The aim of this pragmatic randomized trial is to evaluate whether app-based relaxation exercises, including audio-based autogenic training, mindfulness meditation, or guided imagery, are more effective in reducing chronic neck pain than usual care alone. Methods Smartphone owners aged 18 to 65 years with chronic (>12 weeks) neck pain and the previous week’s average neck pain intensity ≥4 on the Numeric Rating Scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain) were randomized into either an intervention group to practice app-based relaxation exercises or a control group (usual care and app for data entry only). For both groups, the follow-up data were collected using app-based diaries and questionnaires. The primary outcome was the mean neck pain intensity during the first 3 months based on daily measurements. Secondary outcomes included neck pain based on weekly measurements, pain acceptance, neck pain–related stress, sick-leave days, pain medication intake, and adherence, which were all measured until the 6-month follow-up. For the primary analysis, analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline neck pain intensity was used. Results We screened 748 participants and enrolled 220 participants (mean age 38.9, SD 11.3 years; mean baseline neck pain 5.7, SD 1.3 points). The mean neck pain intensity in both groups decreased over 3 months; however, no statistically significant difference between the groups was found (intervention: 4.1 points, 95% CI 3.8-4.4; control: 3.8 points, 95% CI 3.5-4.1; group difference: 0.3 points, 95% CI −0.2 to 0.7; P=.23). In addition, no statistically significant between-group differences regarding neck pain intensity after 6 months, responder rate, pain acceptance, pain medication intake, or sick-leave days were observed. There were no serious adverse events that were considered related to the trial intervention. In week 12, only 40% (44/110) of the participants in the intervention group continued to practice the exercises with the app. Conclusions The study app did not effectively reduce chronic neck pain or keep the participants engaged in exercising in a self-care setting. Future studies on app-based relaxation interventions should take into account the most recent scientific findings for behavior change techniques. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02019134; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02019134 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/1745-6215-15-490

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an additional, individualized, multi-component complementary medicine treatment offered to breast cancer patients at the Merano Hospital (South Tyrol) on health-related quality of life compared to patients receiving usual care only. A randomized pragmatic trial with two parallel arms was performed. Women with confirmed diagnoses of breast cancer were randomized (stratified by usual care treatment) to receive individualized complementary medicine (CM group) or usual care alone (usual care group). Both groups were allowed to use conventional treatment for breast cancer. Primary endpoint was the breast cancer-related quality of life FACT-B score at 6months. For statistical analysis, we used analysis of covariance (with factors treatment, stratum, and baseline FACT-B score) and imputed missing FACT-B scores at 6months with regression-based multiple imputation. A total of 275 patients were randomized between April 2011 and March 2012 to the CM group (n=136, 56.3±10.9years of age) or the usual care group (n=139, 56.0±11.0). After 6months from randomization, adjusted means for health-related quality of life were higher in the CM group (FACT-B score 107.9; 95% CI 104.1-111.7) compared to the usual care group (102.2; 98.5-105.9) with an adjusted FACT-B score difference between groups of 5.7 (2.6-8.7, p

Health-related quality of life (HRQL) among migrant populations can be associated with acculturation (i.e., the process of adopting, acquiring and adjusting to a new cultural environment). Since there is a lack of longitudinal studies, we aimed to describe HRQL changes among adults of Turkish descent living in Berlin and Essen, Germany, and their association with acculturation. Participants of a population-based study were recruited in 2012–2013 and reinvited six years later to complete a questionnaire. Acculturation was assessed at baseline using the Frankfurt acculturation scale (integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization). HRQL was assessed at baseline (SF-8) and at follow-up (SF-12) resulting in a physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) sum score. Associations with acculturation and HRQL were analyzed with linear regression models using a time-by-acculturation status interaction term. In the study 330 persons were included (65% women, mean age ± standard deviation 43.3 ± 11.8 years). Over the 6 years, MCS decreased, while PCS remained stable. While cross-sectional analyses showed associations of acculturation status with both MCS and PCS, temporal changes including the time interaction term did not reveal associations of baseline acculturation status with HRQL. When investigating HRQL in acculturation, more longitudinal studies are needed to take changes in both HRQL and acculturation status into account.

Journal impact factor. (DOCX 36Â kb)

Search strategy for the PubMed database available from the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. (DOCX 33Â kb)

Invitation email to survey participants. (DOCX 67Â kb)

Survey questions. (DOCX 35Â kb)