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Takato Inoue, Yuka Nishioka, Satoshi Matsuyama, Junki Sonoyama, Kazuteru Akiyama, Hiroki Nakamori, Yoshio Ichii, Yasuhisa Sano, Xianbo Shi, Deming Shu, Max D. Wyman, Ross Harder, Yoshiki Kohmura, Makina Yabashi, Lahsen Assoufid, Tetsuya Ishikawa, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Optimal deformation procedure for hybrid adaptive x-ray mirror based on mechanical and piezo-driven bending system", Review of Scientific Instruments 92, 123706 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0070465., A hybrid deformable x-ray mirror consisting of a mechanical bender and a bimorph deformable mirror has been developed to realize adaptive optical systems, such as zoom condenser optics, for synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray microscopy. In the developed system, both bending mechanisms comprehensively contribute to the formation of the target mirror shape and can narrow the role of piezoelectric actuators, thereby enabling a more stable operation. In this study, the behavior of the bimorph mirror under the clamped condition was investigated, and the sharing of the deformation amount for each bending mechanism was optimized to minimize the amplitude of the voltage distribution of the bimorph mirror.

Yoshio Ichii, Hiromi Okada, Hiroki Nakamori, Akihiko Ueda, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Satoshi Matsuyama, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Development of a glue-free bimorph mirror for use in vacuum chambers", Review of Scientific Instruments 90, 021702 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5066105., PZT (lead zirconate titanate)-glued bimorph deformable mirrors are widely used in hard X-ray regimes; however, they have not yet been used in soft X-ray regimes because they are less compatible for usage under high vacuum. In this study, we developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror, in which silver nano-particles were employed to bond PZT actuators to mirror substrates. Under an appropriate bonding condition, the bonding layer was confirmed to be uniform and the mirror's bending characteristics were demonstrated to be sufficiently stable; its gas emission rate was also shown to be acceptable. Piezo responses before and after additional heating at 200 °C showed the thermal stability of its bonding and bending properties.

A hybrid deformable x-ray mirror consisting of a mechanical bender and a bimorph deformable mirror has been developed to realize adaptive optical systems, such as zoom condenser optics, for synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray microscopy. In the developed system, both bending mechanisms comprehensively contribute to the formation of the target mirror shape and can narrow the role of piezoelectric actuators, thereby enabling a more stable operation. In this study, the behavior of the bimorph mirror under the clamped condition was investigated, and the sharing of the deformation amount for each bending mechanism was optimized to minimize the amplitude of the voltage distribution of the bimorph mirror., Takato Inoue, Yuka Nishioka, Satoshi Matsuyama, Junki Sonoyama, Kazuteru Akiyama, Hiroki Nakamori, Yoshio Ichii, Yasuhisa Sano, Xianbo Shi, Deming Shu, Max D. Wyman, Ross Harder, Yoshiki Kohmura, Makina Yabashi, Lahsen Assoufid, Tetsuya Ishikawa, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Optimal deformation procedure for hybrid adaptive x-ray mirror based on mechanical and piezo-driven bending system", Review of Scientific Instruments 92, 123706 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0070465.

PZT (lead zirconate titanate)-glued bimorph deformable mirrors are widely used in hard X-ray regimes; however, they have not yet been used in soft X-ray regimes because they are less compatible for usage under high vacuum. In this study, we developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror, in which silver nano-particles were employed to bond PZT actuators to mirror substrates. Under an appropriate bonding condition, the bonding layer was confirmed to be uniform and the mirror's bending characteristics were demonstrated to be sufficiently stable; its gas emission rate was also shown to be acceptable. Piezo responses before and after additional heating at 200 °C showed the thermal stability of its bonding and bending properties., Yoshio Ichii, Hiromi Okada, Hiroki Nakamori, Akihiko Ueda, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Satoshi Matsuyama, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Development of a glue-free bimorph mirror for use in vacuum chambers", Review of Scientific Instruments 90, 021702 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5066105.

Takato Inoue, Yuka Nishioka, Satoshi Matsuyama, Junki Sonoyama, Kazuteru Akiyama, Hiroki Nakamori, Yoshio Ichii, Yasuhisa Sano, Xianbo Shi, Deming Shu, Max D. Wyman, Ross Harder, Yoshiki Kohmura, Makina Yabashi, Lahsen Assoufid, Tetsuya Ishikawa, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Optimal deformation procedure for hybrid adaptive x-ray mirror based on mechanical and piezo-driven bending system", Review of Scientific Instruments 92, 123706 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0070465., A hybrid deformable x-ray mirror consisting of a mechanical bender and a bimorph deformable mirror has been developed to realize adaptive optical systems, such as zoom condenser optics, for synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray microscopy. In the developed system, both bending mechanisms comprehensively contribute to the formation of the target mirror shape and can narrow the role of piezoelectric actuators, thereby enabling a more stable operation. In this study, the behavior of the bimorph mirror under the clamped condition was investigated, and the sharing of the deformation amount for each bending mechanism was optimized to minimize the amplitude of the voltage distribution of the bimorph mirror.

Yoshio Ichii, Hiromi Okada, Hiroki Nakamori, Akihiko Ueda, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Satoshi Matsuyama, and Kazuto Yamauchi, "Development of a glue-free bimorph mirror for use in vacuum chambers", Review of Scientific Instruments 90, 021702 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5066105., PZT (lead zirconate titanate)-glued bimorph deformable mirrors are widely used in hard X-ray regimes; however, they have not yet been used in soft X-ray regimes because they are less compatible for usage under high vacuum. In this study, we developed a glue-free bimorph deformable mirror, in which silver nano-particles were employed to bond PZT actuators to mirror substrates. Under an appropriate bonding condition, the bonding layer was confirmed to be uniform and the mirror's bending characteristics were demonstrated to be sufficiently stable; its gas emission rate was also shown to be acceptable. Piezo responses before and after additional heating at 200 °C showed the thermal stability of its bonding and bending properties.