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Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cancer-related cause of death throughout the world. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically capable of quickly differentiating cystic from noncystic tumours due to the good soft tissue contrast resolution. Cystic tumours are frequently simple to identify with an MRI; however, non-cystic non-adenocarcinoma tumours can exhibit a wide range of imaging characteristics that may be mistaken for ductal adenocarcinoma. An effective method for identifying pancreatic lesions is MRI. This study investigates the current and recent evidence concerning the role of MRI in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract using Rayyan QCRI then a full-text assessment was implemented. A total of 7 studies were included, with 618 pancreatic cancer patients with different histopathological types. Most studies reported the benefits of MRI in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer and in identifying extra-abdominal metastases. Only one study found that MRI understaged the tumor size and did not detect the micro-infiltration of peri-pancreatic tissues. MRI has a significant role in diagnosing and staging pancreatic cancer. There have lately been substantial advancements in pancreatic imaging utilizing multiple imaging modalities, such as SG-KS-4D-MRI and DW imaging with traditional MR.

Highlights • Conductive hearing loss and facial nerve entrapment as consequences of Odontoma. • CT scan and MRI are conclusive for the evaluation of odontoma lesions resembling numeral 3. • Surgical removal is the standard of care in odontoma treatment., Introduction Odontomas are benign neoplasms originating from odontogenic tissues. Most of these masses are asymptomatic and can only be diagnosed correctly via radiological studies. Treatment of choice for management of odontoma involves surgical excision to prevent secondary complications and result in a favourable prognosis. Case presentation This paper presents a rare case of odontoma of the middle ear in a four-year-old girl. The mass caused unilateral conductive hearing loss and facial nerve entrapment. We shed light on the typically vague clinical presentations of odontomas, as well as the available options in terms of diagnostic imaging modalities and their outcomes. Standard management of odontoma was followed to improve prognosis and avoid relapse. The aim of highlighting this case is to report on unique clinical, radiographical, and histological findings. Discussion Retrotympanic odontomas are extremely rare. Only five cases in the English-language literature have investigated such an incident. All of the reviewed cases were asymptomatic and discovered only using radiological evidence. Two cases were managed surgically while the remainder were conservatively managed. Conclusion In five of the six cases mentioned in the English-language literature (including this paper), odontomas occurred in the first decade of life, with an obvious female predilection. In one case, odontoma occurred in the third decade of life. Although odontoma is marked by its frequently benign origin, the absence of symptoms, and the necessity of surgical intervention, further studies are needed to analyse the different clinical pictures, and to allow these to add to what is currently known.

Highlights • Sensorineural hearing loss as a consequence of cholesterol granuloma. • CT scan and MRI are conclusive for the evaluation of cholesterol granuloma lesions. • Removal of cholesterol granuloma by suctioning and curettage., Introduction Cholesterol granuloma is a benign mass that commonly involves the petrous apex but rarely affects other structures, such as the mastoid cavity. It is diagnosed histologically by the presence of giant cells, and Its management is individualized based on some factors such as the size and location of the lesion. Presentation of case The first case was a 33-year-old man who presented to the outpatient clinic with a two-year history of right-sided pulsatile tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo. Upon investigations, a large, destructive mass in the tympanomastoid region was found and managed surgically. The other case was for a 41-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with loss of consciousness. Urgent CT was done and revealed an aggressive hypodense posterior fossa mass destroying the right temporal bone that was managed surgically. Discussion In this report, we describe two patients with familial hypercholesterolemia who developed bilateral cholesterol granuloma that were managed surgically. Conclusion These cases are reported because of their rare location and presentation since few cases of bilateral cholesterol granuloma have been reported in the literature.

This six-volume series has been compiled to introduce current, up-to-date concepts concerning the diagnosis, evaluation, and management rationale of the various conditions that otorhinolaryngologists encounter in their clinics, hospitals, and operating rooms. It has been our goal to keep this information complete yet concise. -- Milind V. Kirtane and Chris E. de Souza, Series Editors Head and Neck Surgery is a comprehensive textbook that provides detailed information on the latest epidemiology, diagnostics, nutritional support, and emerging technology and therapeutics used to treat head and neck cancer. It will serve as a reference guide for physicians and non-physicians who diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate patients with head and neck tumors. Key Features: * Multidisciplinary care of patients with tumors of the head and neck region* Intraoperative navigation and robotic surgery for head and neck neoplasms* Endoscopic approaches to the anterior skull base* Image guidance for sinus tumors* Minimally invasive techniques in head and neck surgery The contributors to this volume are internationally recognized experts in head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, and oral and maxillofacial surgery, informing the book with a wealth of knowledge in these disciplines.

Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristics of vertigo in Saudi patients seen in otology and neurotology clinic. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients presented with vertigo from January 2008-December 2010 at otology/neurotology clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Riyadh. The data reviewed was age, sex, characteristic of vertigo symptoms, duration of vertigo, provisional diagnosis and categories of vertigo. Patients with incomplete files were excluded. The data were analyzed using Microsoft excel. Results A total of 124 patients; 90(%72.6) women and 34(%27.4) men were incorporated in this study. Majority of the patients suffered from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (39.5%) followed by Meniere's disease (27.4%) and Migraine associated vertigo (8.1%). Peripheral causes were found in 73.4% of our cases while central etiology was seen only in 15.3% and 9.7% of unknown etiology . Conclusion Peripheral vestibular disorders remain the main diagnostic category in our study group, the two most common etiologies were benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Meniere's disease. Information obtained from this study may serve as a reference guideline for otolaryngologists in Saudi Arabia when dealing with dizzy patients.