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An insulin regimen may be necessary for about 30% of the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to investigate the association of free T4(fT4) levels with insulin requirement in pregnant women with GDM. We included pregnant women whose TSH levels were within the normal range and who were diagnosed with GDM, and excluded patients with thyroid dysfunction, chronic illnesses, or any previous history of antithyroid medication, levothyroxine, or antidiabetic medication use. The diagnosis and treatment of GDM were based on American Diabetes Association guidelines. Demographic features, previous history of GDM and gestational hypertension were recorded. Baseline (at diagnosis of GDM) fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, TSH, fT4, and fT3 levels were analyzed. We grouped the patients according to their baseline fT4 levels: isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) (group A) vs. in the normal range (group B). We grouped those also based on insulin requirement in 3rd trimester. Of the patients (n=223), insulin requirement was present in 56, and IMH in 11. Insulin requirement was more frequent in group A than in group B (p=0,003). HbA1c (≥47,5 mmol/mol) and fT4 level (lower than normal range) were positive predictors for insulin requirement (OR:35,35, p=0,001; and OR:6,05, p=0,008; respectively). We showed that IMH was closely associated with insulin requirement in GDM. Pregnant women with IMH and GDM should be closely observed as regards to glycemic control. If supported by future large studies, levothyroxine treatment might be questioned as an indication for patients with GDM and IMH.

Asprosin (ASP) and subfatin are hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. The role of ASP and subfatin in serous ovarian tumors has not been investigated. We investigated the expression of subfatin and asprosin in 30 serous benign, 30 serous borderline, 30 malignant and 30 control ovarian tissues. We investigated ASP and subfatin immunoreactivity and quantification was achieved using an ELISA method. ASP and subfatin were localized in the epithelial parts of normal ovarian tissues; however, in cancer tissues, immunoreactivity was detected in the parenchymal areas. Biochemical analysis of ovarian tissues revealed significantly decreased ASP and subfatin compared to the control. We propose that ASP and subfatin are promising candidates for biomarkers to distinguish serous benign, serous borderline and malignant ovarian cancers.

Background It is well documented that patients with chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, are adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, when the subject is rare metabolic diseases, there are not enough data in the literature. Aim To investigate the course of COVID-19 among patients with Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease. Methods Based on the National Health System data, a retrospective cohort of patients with confirmed (polymerase chain reactionpositive) COVID-19 infection (n = 149 618) was investigated. The adverse outcomes between patients with GD (n = 39) and those without GD (n = 149 579) were compared with crude and propensity score-matched (PSM) groups. The outcomes were hospitalisation, the composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or mechanical ventilation and mortality. Results The patients with GD were significantly older and had a higher frequency of hypertension (HT), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidaemia, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure and cancer. Although hospitalisation rates in Gaucher patients were found to be higher in crude analyses, the PSM models (model 1, age and gender matched; model 2, matched for age, gender, HT, T2DM and cancer) revealed no difference for the outcomes between patients with GD and the general population. According to multivariate regression analyses, having a diagnosis of GD was not a significant predictor for hospitalisation (P = 0.241), ICU admission/mechanical ventilation (P = 0.403) or mortality (P = 0.231). Conclusion According to our national data, SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with GD does not have a more severe course than the normal population.

To which extent the pre-existing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism has an impact on coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction. A retrospective cohort of patients with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 infection (n=14 966) from March 11 to May 30, 2020, was established using the database of the Turkish Ministry of Health. We compared the morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hypothyroidism (n=8813) and hyperthyroidism (n=1822) to those patients with normal thyroid function (n=4331). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with mortality. Mortality rates were higher in patients with hyperthyroidism (7.7%) and hypothyroidism (4.4%) than those with normal thyroid function (3.4%) (p

COVID-19 is the most devastating pandemic situation we have experienced in our age, affecting all systems. Although it affects all systems, it shows its most important effect through thrombophilia. Therefore, the possible cause of sudden death due to COVID-19 may be embolism caused by thrombophilia. D-dimer amounts increase due to COVID-19. The thrombosis is associated with sudden death in COVID-19 disease in populations. Since individuals with thrombophilia will be more prone to death due to COVID-19, it may be appropriate to administer low doses of Clexane (Enoxaparin sodium) or low-weight heparin for prophylactic purposes in order to consider these individuals at high risk and to prevent deaths. Moreover, in order not to risk the lives of healthcare professionals with thrombophilia, it would be appropriate to keep them away from individuals with COVID-19 disease and to employ them in different healthcare services according to their fields of expertise. It should also not be forgotten that different symptoms related to COVID-19 appear day by day, these different symptoms probably show that the virus has undergone mutations in order to survive, but no matter what, its effect on thrombophilia has not been eliminated yet. This compilation aims to present the reasons and causes of death due to COVID-19, possible treatment options, and thrombophilia panel tests and new parameters that may have a place in the meticulous interpretation of these tests and possible etiopathology in the light of current information. Therefore, presenting this information in a rational manner and keeping the parameters of the thrombophilia panel under strict control predict that the deaths due to the virus will be partially reduced.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs), a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases, have an incidence of around 3 to 9 individuals every 100,000. Due to the broad clinical and genetic variability of HSPs, it is challenging to diagnose the disorder quickly and precisely. Hereditary spastic ataxias (HSAs) and HSPs are overlapping diseases, and their intersection has been gradually identified by next-generation sequencing. The idea of the spasticity–ataxia phenotype (SAP) spectrum is further substantiated by the similarities in phenotypes and underlying genes in ataxias and inherited spastic paraplegias and the related cellular processes and disease mechanisms these disorders exhibit. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the 25 spastic or spastic-ataxic gait patients. Twenty-two specific HSPs–HSAs–SAP mutations, including 14 novel mutations, were found in 25 cases from 18 Turkish and 2 Syrian families. This research discovers many novel hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) mutations and shows a robust genotype–phenotype heterogeneity in the disease. This research helped expand the clinical and molecular scope of HSP and clarified the concept of the spasticity–ataxia phenotype, further enhancing our understanding of the complicated form of HSP and its association with ataxia. Our data broadens the spectrum of HSPs and HSAs related gene mutations and provides insights for genotype–phenotype correlations for HSPs and HSAs.

Purpose While obesity is related to more severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), factors leading to poor prognosis still remain unclear. The present study evaluated the outcomes of COVID-19 patients who were overweight or obese and variables associated with severe disease in a large group of consecutive cases. Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study was performed using the Turkish National Healthcare Database. Demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, comorbidities, and medications of patients registered between March 11 and May 30, 2020, were recorded. Results A total of 14, 625 patients (median age:42, IQR:26 years; female 57.4%) with normal weight (34.7%), overweight (35.6%), and obesity (29.7%) were included. Hospitalization, ICU admission, intubation/mechanical ventilation, pulmonary involvement, and mortality were significantly higher in patients who were overweight or obese. In adjusted analyses, both overweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.82, 1.04–3.21; p=0.037) and obesity (OR, 95% CI: 2.69, 1.02–1.05; p Conclusions COVID-19 patients who were overweight or obese were more likely to have adverse outcomes but only obesity was a predictor of mortality. Such patients should receive urgent medical attention and active management, especially the elderly, men, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Anti-obesity medications may be considered in the subjects with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, or with BMI 27-29.9 kg/m2 and weight-related comorbidities, whom weight reduction is not achieved via lifestyle modifications alone. If weight loss is inadequate ( [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 651-7]

Purpose New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a worse prognosis in patients with diabetes. However, there are insufficient data about the effect of hyperglycemia on COVID-19 prognosis in non-diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between random blood glucose levels measured at the time of diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 disease in non-diabetic patients. Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort of non-diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 11 March to 30 May 2020 in the Turkish Ministry of Health database was investigated. The patients were stratified into three groups according to blood glucose levels which were Results A total of 12,817 non-diabetic patients (median age [IQR]: 44 [25] years, females: 50.9%) were included. Patients in group-2 (5%) and group-3 (14%) had higher mortality rates than patients in group-1 (2.1%). The rates of hospitalization, hospital stays longer than 8 days, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, ICU stay more than 6 days, and mechanical ventilation were also significantly higher in group-3 patients. Likewise, glucose levels in the range of 140-199 mg/dL were an independent associate of mortality and composite of ICU admission and/or mechanical ventilation. ConclusionHyperglycemia at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis in non-diabetic patients. Clinicians should be more careful in the treatment of non-diabetic COVID-19 patients with hyperglycemia.

Obesity is a disease characterized by abnormal fat increase and its prevalence is increasing globally. Excessive and malnutrition habits, insufficient physical activity, and numerous genetic, environmental, socio-cultural and psychological factors are effective in the etiology of obesity. Obesity is associated with various systemic diseases such as high blood pressure, coronary heart diseases, and respiratory diseases. Obesity may also cause oral diseases such as tooth cavity, loss of teeth, periodontitis, xerostomia, traumatic tooth injuries, bruxism, and dental erosion. Some risk factors related to diet are determinant in the correlation between obesity and oral diseases. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, dentists encounter individuals with obesity more often in clinics. Dental clinics should be designed suitable for the treatments of individuals with obesity in terms of accessibility, the comfort of waiting rooms, the ergonomic structure of units. Comorbid systemic diseases in individuals with obesity, and drugs used to require some specific approaches in conservative and surgical treatments. Dentists should perform dental treatments considering the effect of obesity on oral and dental health. This study aimed to examine dental treatment practices in adults and adolescents with obesity in line with the literature. [Med-Science 2021; 10(2.000): 658-61]

Purpose: Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) is a rare autosomal-recessive renal tubular disorder. FHHNC is characterized by renal wasting of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), which subsequently leads to bilateral nephrocalcinosis, renal stones, and chronic renal failure. Here, we report seven patients with FHHNC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric cases of FHHNC between 2010-2020. Results: A total of 7 patients, 5 girls (71.4 %) and 2 boys (28.5 %) with a median age of 4 years (min:4 months, max:13 years) and a mean follow-up time of 4.4±3.5 years were included. 3 patients had been diagnosed incidentally. All of the patients had nephrocalcinosis, hypercalciuria and high PTH level. One patient had hypocalcemia and one patient had normal serum magnesium level. All patients had high urine FEMg. Five patients had CLDN 16 mutation, and two patients had CLDN19 mutation. None of them had ocular findings. Three patients had chronic renal failure at the end of the follow-up.Conclusions: We want to draw attention to the FHHNC in children with nephrocalcinosis. FHHNC should be considered in children with normal serum magnesium levels since a normal serum magnesium level does not rule out FHHNC, and high FEMg levels are more significant for the diagnosis.

To detect the frequency and possible risk factors of new-onset diabetes after liver transplantation in the patients with acute liver failure. The frequency of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) is 5–30% in liver transplant recipients. We aimed to analyze the frequency and predictors of NODAT in the patients undergoing liver transplantation due to acute liver failure. Adult patients undergoing liver transplantation due to acute liver failure were analyzed retrospectively. The patients with chronic liver failure or diabetes were excluded. We measured pretransplant random blood glucose and posttransplant fasting blood glucose. NODAT was diagnosed according to principally 1st month fasting blood glucose (group 1 125 mg/dL). The participants were subgrouped according to age, gender, body mass index, etiology, antiviral medication, thyroid function, pretransplant random blood glucose, donor type, immunosuppressive drug, common infection, and surgical complication. Mean age of total 91 patients was 33.48 (± 13.35), and 52.7% (n = 48) of them was female. The ratio of NODAT was 26.98% on the 1st month. NODAT group had a higher pretransplant random blood glucose than the others. Pretransplant hyperglycemia increased the risk of NODAT by 4.065 times (p = 0.018). We showed that pretransplant hyperglycemia increased NODAT risk by 4 times, but hypoglycemia did not affect. So, pretransplant hyperglycemia should be controlled also in the patients with acute liver failure as in the patients with chronic liver failure.

Objective The aim of this project is to identify the differences in expression levels of stem cell related genes (SCRGs) in normal colon tissue, histopathologically staged colon polyps and colon cancer, and to explain the role of SCRGs in the formation of CC and for contributing the practical usage of SCRGs in the diagnosis and treatment of CC. Methods Normal colon tissue, hyperplastic polyps, histopathologically (HGD and LGD) staged tubular, tubulovillous and villous polyps and colon cancer paraffin tissue (FFPE) samples were used. Transcription factor genes (OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, MYC, NANOG, and REX1) and cell surface markers (CD133, LGR5), which are associated with embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and cancer stem cells, have been selected for measuring expression levels from the selected tissues. After isolation of total RNA from FFPE tissues, SCRGs expressions were measured by RT-qPCR method. Results SCRGs expression differences were detected in normal-adenoma-cancer progression. A significant increase was observed in the expression of LGR5 (p: 0.01) and PROM1 (p: 0.005) genes in villous HGD polyps, LGR5 (p: 0.003) gene in G1, and LGR5 (p: 0.0002) and MYC (p: 0.002) genes in G2 stage tumor tissues. When compared with each other, a significant increase in SCRGs expression is noticeable in the formation from adenoma to cancer tissues regarding malign phenotype. Conclusion This study shows that the increase of SCRGs expressions occurs with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), villous features, and the malignant phenotype. Increased expression levels of LGR5, PROM1, KLF4, SOX2, and MYC in HGD and cancerous tissues support the malignant phenotype and the existence of cancer stem cells and demonstrate that they can be used to assess diagnosis and prognosis. Identification of tissue-specific SCRGs expressions will help design new therapies to control the development and progression of colonic neoplasia.

We aimed to describe the initial experience of mini-laparoscopic adrenalectomy combined with transgastric specimen extraction and to assess its safety and feasibility. We used only 5-mm trocars, three ports for left adrenalectomy and four for right. Intraoperative gastroscopy was performed for specimen extraction through the mouth via an endoscopic snare. The gastrotomy was closed intracorporeally. Demographic, perioperative and pathological data were analyzed. There were 16 patients (12 females) with the mean age of 46.5 ± 11.3 years and half of them had previous abdominal surgeries. The median operative time was 150 (45-432) min with a median blood loss of 88 (0-350) ml. The median oral intake time was 2 (1-4) days and the median length of hospital stay was 2 (2-5) days. There was no mortality and extraction-related complication. Histopathological median tumor length, width and depth were 3 cm, 2.15 cm, and 1.9 cm, respectively. The median specimen length, width and depth were 6.25 cm, 4 cm, and 2.2 cm, respectively. Mini-laparoscopic adrenalectomy combined with transgastric specimen extraction is a safe and feasible surgical technique. It provides a less invasive surgery and may also have some benefits on wound-related complications and cosmesis.

Objectives We compared the laboratory and clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), other viral (beside COVID-19), and bacterial conjunctivitis patients with the values of controls. Methods Twenty COVID-19, 15 other viral, 15 bacterial patients, and 15 control group were included in the study. COVID-19 was diagnosed with the real time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction while the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was used in the detection of other viral agents. Bacterial agents were determined with the detection of the agent. The ophthalmologic examination of all cases was carried out by direct penlight, and the anterior segment evaluation was performed. The laboratory findings of all cases included in the study were obtained from the hospital records. Results It was determined that 5% conjunctivitis and 5% diplopia developed in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 20% conjunctivitis developed in patients due to other viral agents, and 66.6% conjunctivitis developed in patients due to bacterial agents. Conclusion The incidence of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients was lower than in other viral and bacterial groups. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein come to the forefront as precious parameters with high specificity and sensitivity that might be useful to distinguish these diseases.

The specialized resident-stem cells in gonads are tasked with restorating damaged ovarian cells following injury to maintain sequential reproductive events. When we talk about premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) we accept the existence of decreased stem cell and their regenerative abilities. The present study was to explain how restorating damaged ovarian cells following injury to maintain sequential reproductive events in evidence-based medicine indexed in PubMed and Web of Science. The exact mechanism is unclear stem cells transfer may improve compromised ovarian function and fertility outcome in women with POI. Soluble factors secreted by stem cell may rescue impaired mitochondrial function in oogonial stem cells, enhance metabolic capacity of resident stem cells, induce local neovascularization in the ovary, and activate gene shifting between transferred stem cells and germ cell precursors. This review may provide insight into how stem cells show some of their beneficial effects on compromised ovarian microenvironment and germ cell niche and paves the way for clinical trials for improving ovarian function of women with POI. We also had the opportunity to share our hypothesis about the design and development of induced oogonial stem cell (iOSC) and its use in POI.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the common autosomal recessive disorders with global heterozygous carrier frequency of 1:50. Due to high carrier frequency, significant morbidity associated with the infantile onset disease and prohibitive cost of recently approved therapy, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommends population based screening for SMA carrier status in eligible individuals in the reproductive age group. CODE-SEQ is a novel proprietary next generation sequencing (NGS) based assay, which is capable of detecting homozygous as well as heterozygous SMN1 exon 7 deletions. Along with the copy number estimation, this assay is capable of detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with silent SMA carrier status or “2+0” genotype. We have validated a proprietary CODE-SEQ technology in a blinded cohort of 80 clinically well characterized samples from Turkish population for the detection of SMA carriers as well as affected cases. The results were correlated with gold standard MLPA assay. The copy numbers in exon 7 of SMN1 gene matched with MLPA results in all 80 samples giving 100% correlation. The assay accurately detected the presence/ absence of SNPs associated with “2+0” genotype in the reference samples. None of the tested clinical samples had these SNPs. The results of this study support the notion that CODE-SEQ will be extremely useful in detecting SMA genotypes in large-scale population-based screening studies.

Apelin (APLN), elabela (ELA), and nitric oxide (NO) have effects on physiological and behavioural properties in biological systems. This study was designed to determine APLN, ELA and NO levels in schizophrenia patients and assess whether these molecules are of diagnostic value.A total of 33 schizophrenic patients and 32 ageand sex-adjusted healthy participants were included in the study. ELA, APLN and NO levels were measured using ELISA methods.Although the ELA and NO levels of the patients were lower than the control group, APLN levels were higher (p = 0.039, p = 0.019, p = 0.048, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between APLN levels and triglyceride (TG) and body mass index (BMI) levels (r = -0.426, p =0.001 and r = -0.330, p = 0.007, respectively). Respectively, the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the ELA/APLN, ELA/NO and APLN/NO ratios were 0.628, 0.590 and 0.709, 95% confident intervals (CI): 0.491-0.764, 0.450-0.730 and 0.579-0.840.Decreased levels of ELA and NO and increased APLN levels in schizophrenia suggest that these molecules may be involved in its etiopathology. The APLN/NO ratio also seems to show promise in the diagnosis of the disease and may be used in future.Apelin (APLN), elabela (ELA), i azot oksid (NO) imaju efekte na fiziološke i bihevioralne osobine u biološkim sistemima. Ova studija je postavljena tako da odredi nivo APLN, ELA i NO kod pacijenata sa šizofrenijom i da proceni da li su ovi molekuli imaju dijagnostičku vrednost.U studiju je uključeno ukupno 33 bolesnika sa šizofrenijom i 32 zdrava učesnika prilagođene starosti i pola. Nivoi ELA, APLN i NO su mereni korišćenjem ELISA metoda.Iako su nivoi ELA i NO kod pacijenata bili niži nego kod kontrolne grupe, nivoi APLN bili su viši (p = 0,039, p = 0,019, p = 0,048). Došlo je do značajne negativne korelacije između nivoa APLN i nivoa triglicerida (TG) i indeksa telesne mase (BMI) (r = -0,426, p =0,001 i r = -0,330, p = 0,007, respektivno). Površine ispod ROC krive za ELA/APLN, ELA/NO i APLN/NO su bile 0,628, 0,590 i 0,709, respektivno, 95% intervali poverenja (CI): 0,491-0,764, 0,450-0,730 i 0,579-0,840.Smanjeni nivoi ELA i NO i povećani nivo APLN kod šizofrenije ukazuju da ovi molekuli mogu biti u vezi sa njenom etiopatologijom. Izgleda da će odnos APLN/NO moći da se koristi u dijagnostici bolesti u budućnosti.

Many people die from lung and breast cancer. Consequently, both physicians and researchers strive to provide reliable monitoring for disease, diagnosis and prognosis as well as resistance prediction. In the present study, a comprehensive liquid biopsy panel was performed on 474 patients to examine the importance and spectrum of recurrent somatic cancer mutations. Most patients visited the clinic with a diagnosis of advanced resistant cancer. The patients underwent a comprehensive liquid biopsy panel. Patients were divided into four groups based on cancer type as follows: Lung (n=379, 79.9%), breast (n=72, 15.2%), gastrointestinal (n=11, 2.3%) and other (n=12, 2.5%). Tier I-II-III classified variants were included in the study. The mean age was 60 years, with a range of 20-86 years. There were notably more male (n=272, 57.4%) than female patients (n=202, 42.6%). The most commonly mutated genes were TP53, EGFR, PIK3CA, RET, PTEN, MET, ATM and KRAS. The most common mutations were 'PIK3CA, c.3140A>G, p.His1047Arg', 'RET, c.2324delinsGAC, p.Glu775Glyfs*6', 'TP53, c.217G>C, p.Val73Leu', 'EGFR, c.2155G>A, p.Gly719Ser', 'PIK3CA, c.1624G>A, p.Glu542Lys', 'PTEN, c.397G>A, p.Val133Ile' and 'EGFR, c.2235_2249del, p.Glu746_Ala750del'. The PIK3CA, PTEN and RET variants showed a higher incidence in the breast and lung groups compared with other groups. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to concentrate on PIK3CA, PTEN and RET mutations in the context of breast and lung adenocarcinoma and to evaluate both genetic variability and the effect of treatment. The present results showed that patients with solid tumors, particularly lung and breast cancer, may benefit from PIK3CA, PTEN and RET sequencing to assess clinical characteristics and prognosis. Discoveries regarding the gene structure and mechanisms of PIK3CA, PTEN and RET may inform more clinically meaningful therapeutic approaches for patients with cancer and serve an essential role in improving individual risk prediction, therapy and prognosis.

Background There are scarce published data in differentiated thyroid cancer patients about new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disease outcomes and mortality. Here, we evaluated COVID‐19 infection outcomes and mortality in thyroid cancer patients with COVID‐19 infection. Design and methods We included a cohort of patients with thyroid cancer with PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 disease from 11 March to 30 May 2020 from the Turkish Ministry of Health database in our nationwide, retrospective study. We compared the mortality and morbidity of COVID patients with or without thyroid cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the independent factors for mortality, length of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation. We also analysed the effect of radioiodine treatment on severity and death rate of COVID‐19 disease. Results We evaluated 388 COVID‐19 patients with thyroid cancer [median age: 54 years, interquartile range (IQR) 18 years, males: 23%] and age and gender‐matched 388 COVID‐19 patients without thyroid cancer. Patients with thyroid cancer had a similar mortality ratio compared with the non‐cancer group. Among patients with thyroid cancer, age, presence of diabetes mellitus, asthma/COPD, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, prior coronary artery disease, RAS blocker usage and low lymphocyte count were associated with mortality. Radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment and cumulative radioactive iodine dosage did not negatively affect the severity and mortality of COVID‐19 disease in our patient group. Conclusions Our study indicated that history of thyroid cancer did not have an increased risk of mortality or morbidity in COVID‐19 disease. Besides, RAI therapy history and doses of radioactive iodine did not affect mortality or outcome.

Purpose The molecules human interleukin (IL-18), the soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD40), platelet factor 4 variant 1 (PF4V1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are all markers of inflammation in biological systems and are linked to prognosis in several inflammatory diseases as well. Since there is no study in which the above-mentioned molecules are studied together in ocular Behçet's disease (OBD), the aim of this study is to reveal whether these molecules are activity markers in active (OABD) and inactive (OIBD) disease. Methods 30 OABD and 30 OIBD and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study. IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL molecules were studied in blood samples by the ELISA method. Results When OABD and OIBD were compared to healthy individuals, the levels of IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL molecules were found to be statistically significant. These values were even more significantly higher in patients with OABD. Conclusion When ROC values of IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL are evaluated, it is clear that these four molecules can be used as biomarkers to aid activity and diagnosis in OBD.

PurposeCOVID-19 disease has a worse prognosis in patients with diabetes, but the comparative data about the course of COVID-19 in patients with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to find out the relative clinical severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients with T1DM and T2DM.MethodsA nationwide retrospective cohort of patients with confirmed (PCR positive) COVID-19 infection (n=149,671) was investigated. After exclusion of individuals with unspecified diabetes status, the adverse outcomes between patients with T1DM (n=163), T2DM (n=33,478) and the non-diabetics (n=115,108) were compared by using the propensity score matching method. The outcomes were hospitalization, the composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or mechanical ventilation and mortality.ResultsThe patients with T1DM had higher mortality than the age and gender matched patients with T2DM (n=489) and the non-diabetics (n=489) (pConclusionAccording to the results, patients with T1DM had poorer COVID-19 prognosis than those with T2DM or the non-diabetics. These patients should be cared diligently until more data will be available about the causes of increased COVID-19 mortality in T1DM.