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1. Epidemiology and treatment of groin and ventral hernias in the Zinder region, Niger Republic

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Amadou Magagi, and Rachid Sani
Subjects: groin, hernias, inguinal, linea alba, niger, prognosis, surgery, umbilical, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe epidemiological, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of groin and ventral hernia in adults at Zinder National Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective data collected over a period of 10 years (January 2012–December 2021). All patients aged at least 18 years operated for abdominal wall hernia were included. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 921 patients were included. In these patients, groin hernia was present in 78.8% (n = 726), umbilical hernia in 13.25% (n = 122), linea alba hernia in 7.3% (n = 67), and Spiegel’s hernia in 6 cases (0.65%). The mean age was 48 ± 17.2 years. Men accounted for 80.9% (n = 745). Rural origin was 67% (n = 623) and poor 63.8% (n = 588). The stage of hernia strangulation represents 32% (n = 295). The median time to surgical consultation was 8 years. This delay was associated with rural origin (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; P = 0.0142), poverty status (OR = 1.67; P = 0.0001), and inguinal location (OR = 1.75; 0.0371). General anesthesia was used in 58.7% (n = 541). Bowel necrosis was seen in 9.33% (n = 86). For all groin hernias (n = 783), 96.2% (n = 753) underwent herniorrhaphy and 3.8% (n = 30) underwent a Lichtenstein procedure. For all ventral hernias herniorrhaphy was performed in 95% (n = 245) and mesh repair in 5% (n = 13). Morbidity was 15.4% (n = 142) and mortality 1.74% (n = 16). This was associated with age over 60 years (OR = 3.06; P = 0.0341), ASAIII and ASAIV classes (OR = 5.21; P = 0.015), complicated clinical forms (OR = 4.87; P = 0.023), emergency surgery (OR = 4.51; P = 0.003), and the occurrence of bowel necrosis (OR = 4.11; P = 0.001). The median follow-up was 6 months (range: 3–36 months). Overall, hernia recurrence was recorded in 69 cases or 7.6%. This was associated with emergency surgery (OR = 6.26; P = 0.000) and age over 60 years (OR = 3.02; P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: In our context, the management of groin and ventral hernias is an important activity for the surgeon. Inguinal hernias predominate and hernia strangulation is an element of poor prognosis.
Published: 2023
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2. It is time to define an organizational model for the prevention and management of infections along the surgical pathway: a worldwide cross-sectional survey

Author: Massimo Sartelli, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Federico Coccolini, Raul Coimbra, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Luca Ansaloni, Majdi N. Al-Hasan, Shamshul Ansari, Philip S. Barie, Miguel Angel Caínzos, Marco Ceresoli, Massimo Chiarugi, Jeffrey A. Claridge, Enrico Cicuttin, Evan Patchen Dellinger, Donald E. Fry, Xavier Guirao, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Andreas Hecker, Ari K. Leppäniemi, Andrey Litvin, Sanjay Marwah, Emilio Maseda, John E. Mazuski, Ziad Ahmed Memish, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Leonardo Pagani, Mauro Podda, Huseyin Kemal Rasa, Boris E. Sakakushev, Robert G. Sawyer, Fabio Tumietto, Yonghong Xiao, Wedad Faraj Aboubreeg, Harissou Adamou, Lali Akhmeteli, Emrah Akin, Maria Grazia Alberio, Felipe Alconchel, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Ana Belén Araúz, Giulio Argenio, Boyko C. Atanasov, Semra Demirli Atici, Selmy Sabry Awad, Efstratia Baili, Lovenish Bains, Miklosh Bala, Oussama Baraket, Suman Baral, Vladislav A. Belskii, Moussa Benboubker, Offir Ben-Ishay, Pierpaolo Bordoni, Abdalia Boumédiène, Giuseppe Brisinda, Laura Cavazzuti, Sujith J. Chandy, Maria Michela Chiarello, Nicola Cillara, Guglielmo Clarizia, Maria-Elena Cocuz, Iuliu Gabriel Cocuz, Luigi Conti, Raffaella Coppola, Yunfeng Cui, Jacek Czepiel, Fabrizio D’Acapito, Dimitrios Damaskos, Koray Das, Belinda De Simone, Samir Delibegovic, Zaza Demetrashvili, Dzemail S. Detanac, Sameer Dhingra, Stefano Di Bella, Evgeni N. Dimitrov, Agron Dogjani, Mario D’Oria, Irina Magdalena Dumitru, Mutasim M. Elmangory, Octavian Enciu, Massimo Fantoni, Daniela Filipescu, Francesco Fleres, Domitilla Foghetti, Pietro Fransvea, Mahir Gachabayov, Rita Galeiras, Gianni Gattuso, Wagih M. Ghannam, Valeria Ghisetti, Giorgio Giraudo, Kebebe Bekele Gonfa, Emre Gonullu, Yousif Tag Elsir Y. Hamad, Matthias Hecker, Arda Isik, Nizar Ismail, Azzain Ismail, Sumita Agarwal Jain, Souha S. Kanj, Garima Kapoor, Ilias Karaiskos, Alfie J. Kavalakat, Jakub Kenig, Faryal Khamis, Vladimir Khokha, Ronald Kiguba, Jae Il Kim, Yoshiro Kobe, Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, Bojan M. Kovacevic, Igor Andreevich Kryvoruchko, Akira Kuriyama, Aitor Landaluce-Olavarria, Konstantinos Lasithiotakis, Varut Lohsiriwat, Eftychios Lostoridis, Davide Luppi, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Marc Maegele, Athanasios Marinis, Gennaro Martines, Aleix Martínez-Pérez, Damien Massalou, Cristian Mesina, Gökhan Metan, María Guadalupe Miranda-Novales, Shyam Kumar Mishra, Mohaned Ibrahim Hussein Mohamed, Ali Yasen Y. Mohamedahmed, Ismael Mora-Guzmán, Francesk Mulita, Ana-Maria Musina, Pradeep H. Navsaria, Ionut Negoi, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Donal B. O’Connor, Carlos Alberto Ordoñez, Desiré Pantalone, Arpád Panyko, Aristeidis Papadopoulos, Nikolaos Pararas, Francesco Pata, Tapan Patel, Gianluca Pellino, Teresa Perra, Gennaro Perrone, Antonio Pesce, Tadeja Pintar, Georgi Ivanov Popivanov, Alberto Porcu, Martha Alexa Quiodettis, Razrim Rahim, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Martin Reichert, Miran Rems, Glendee Yolande Reynolds Campbell, Nuno Rocha-Pereira, Gabriel Rodrigues, Gustavo Eduardo Roncancio Villamil, Stefano Rossi, Ibrahima Sall, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Diego Sasia, Jeremiah Seni, Charalampos Seretis, Mario Serradilla-Martín, Vishal G. Shelat, Boonying Siribumrungwong, Mihail Slavchev, Leonardo Solaini, Boun Kim Tan, Antonio Tarasconi, Dario Tartaglia, Elena Adelina Toma, Gia Tomadze, Adriana Toro, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Harry van Goor, Alin Vasilescu, Andras Vereczkei, Massimiliano Veroux, Sergio Alberto Weckmann, Lukas Werner Widmer, AliIbrahim Yahya, Sanoop K. Zachariah, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Nadezhda Zubareva, Wietse P. Zuidema, Isidoro Di Carlo, Francesco Cortese, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Ronald V. Maier, and Fausto Catena
Subjects: Cross-sectional survey, Antimicrobial stewardship, Antibiotic prescribing, Antibiotic resistance, Infection prevention and control, Surgery, RD1-811, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract: Abstract Background The objectives of the study were to investigate the organizational characteristics of acute care facilities worldwide in preventing and managing infections in surgery; assess participants’ perception regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, antibiotic prescribing practices, and source control; describe awareness about the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and IPC measures; and determine the role of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on said awareness. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted contacting 1432 health care workers (HCWs) belonging to a mailing list provided by the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery. The self-administered questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team. The survey was open from May 22, 2021, and June 22, 2021. Three reminders were sent, after 7, 14, and 21 days. Results Three hundred four respondents from 72 countries returned a questionnaire, with an overall response rate of 21.2%. Respectively, 90.4% and 68.8% of participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary IPC team or a multidisciplinary antimicrobial stewardship team. Local protocols for antimicrobial therapy of surgical infections and protocols for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were present in 76.6% and 90.8% of hospitals, respectively. In 23.4% and 24.0% of hospitals no surveillance systems for surgical site infections and no monitoring systems of used antimicrobials were implemented. Patient and family involvement in IPC management was considered to be slightly or not important in their hospital by the majority of respondents (65.1%). Awareness of the global burden of AMR among HCWs was considered very important or important by 54.6% of participants. The COVID-19 pandemic was considered by 80.3% of respondents as a very important or important factor in raising HCWs awareness of the IPC programs in their hospital. Based on the survey results, the authors developed 15 statements for several questions regarding the prevention and management of infections in surgery. The statements may be the starting point for designing future evidence-based recommendations. Conclusion Adequacy of prevention and management of infections in acute care facilities depends on HCWs behaviours and on the organizational characteristics of acute health care facilities to support best practices and promote behavioural change. Patient involvement in the implementation of IPC is still little considered. A debate on how operationalising a fundamental change to IPC, from being solely the HCWs responsibility to one that involves a collaborative relationship between HCWs and patients, should be opened.
Published: 2022
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3. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Author: Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kunčarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M. Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Ali M. Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino- Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžić, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišić, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžić, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Danijela Miljanić, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M.Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed.A. Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Paul M. Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A. Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano. Basso, Paolo Ubiali, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani hani, Zeina Bani hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S. Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T. Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali SANI, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A.Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F. Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J.P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Janković, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L. Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio L. Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A. Adam, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündoğdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürşad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kağan Kurtoğlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoğlu, Merve Yeşilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoğlu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdağ, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem Cihanyurdu, Oğuz Erkul, Burak Gül, Ali Guner, Beyza Köse, Anil Semiz, Şule Sevim, Serkan Tayar, Kadir Tomas, Ozan yavuz Tüfek, Serdar Türkyilmaz, Mehmet Uluşahin, Arif Usta, Reyyan Yildirim, Sertaç Ata Güler, Ozan Can Tatar, Ecenur Varol, Busenur Kirimtay, Muhammed Uysal, Alp Yildiz, Emin Kose, Ahmet Burak Ciftci, Elif Çolak, Huseyin Eraslan, Gultekin Ozan Kucuk, Kürşat Yemez, Herman Lule, Mumbere Bienfait, Emmanuel Bua, Noella Okalany, Maksym Basarab, Oleksii Bielosludtsev, Kateryna Kolhanova, Kateryna Perepelytsia, Kateryna Romanukha, Dmytro Savenkov, Stanislav Siryi, Maksym Tereshchenko, Nezamai Viacheslav, Anton Volovetskyi, Andrey Kebkalo, Yegor Tryliskyy, Volodimir Tyselskiy, Eilidh Bruce, Bing Lun Chow, Emma Iddles, Sarah McGuckin, Nicola Newall, George Ramsay, Parivrudh Sharma, Caitlin Stewart, Jeremy Wong, Abdul Badran, Michael Bath, Fanny Belais, Eman Butt, Kaustuv Joshi, Milan Kapur, Mike Shaw, Adam Townson, Christopher Yee Khang Williams, Timothy Gray, Robert Greig, Mansoor Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M.D. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg Deepika, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kučan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Trunčíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, Allan Garcia, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, Ashika B L, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O'Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem, Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gytè Damulevičienè, Saulius Svagzdys, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian Bastiaenen, Simone Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes, Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Vieira, Inês Mónica, Margarida Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins, Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ligia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry Shakhmatov, Yves Nezerwa, Radosav Radulovic, Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez, Enrique Moncada, Maria Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygin Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Şahin, Evrim Savli, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon, Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann, Daniel Watts, Binay Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi, Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, Ian Daniels, Nathan Ng, Shivun Khosla, James Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Sule Burger, Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson, Chikwendu Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo Lesetedi, Charles Mabedi, Laura Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Mark Monahan, Soloman Mulira, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey Roberts, Martin Smith, Viki Tayler, John Windsor, Raul Yepez, Sudha Sundar, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, Hitomi Kimura, Mugisha Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, and Jean Wilguens Lartigue
Subjects: Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: Summary: Background: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022
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4. Surgical management of pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome in a resource-limited setting: case of Zinder National Hospital, Niger

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Maazou Halidou, Hassane Diongolé, Mahamadou Doutchi, Oumarou Habou, Kabirou Ganiou, Amadou Soumana, and Rachid Sani
Subjects: Pyelo-ureteral junction, Open surgery, Pyeloplasty, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background Pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome (PUJS) is a frequent congenital malformation. We report the surgical management of PUJS by pyeloplasty according to Anderson-Hyne-Kuss’s procedure at the Zinder National Hospital.. Methods This was a retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2016 (4 years), including patients who have undergone surgery for PUJS. Results Twelve (12) cases of PUJS had a surgery among which 66.7% were men with an average age of 32.5 ± 7.6 years. The clinical symptomatology was lumbar pain or renal colic in 92.3% of cases. This pain had evolved for more than 2 years for 58.3% of the cases. Ultrasound coupled with intravenous urography or CT-scan was performed to confirm the diagnosis of PUJS in 58.3 and 41.7% of cases. The average serum creatinine level at admission was 181.25 ± 67.3 μmol/L [Lab reference range: 53–97 μmol/L]. The Anderson-Hynes non dismembered pyeloplasty is used for all the patients. The release of a crossing lower pole vessel was performed in 25%, pyelolithotomy in 16.7%. The average surgery time was 118.3 ± 20.7 min. The average hospital length of stay was 10.8 ± 3 days. Immediate postoperative complications were recorded in 33.3% (n = 4). Postoperative outcomes were considered good by disappearance of clinical, biological and radiological signs. Conclusion The Anderson-Hynes non dismembered pyeloplasty gives good results and provides a successful alternative in an environment where laparoscopy and robotic surgery are not developed.
Published: 2019
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5. Acute intestinal obstruction due to extrinsic compression by previa myoma and ectopic pregnancy: a case report

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, and Oumarou Habou
Subjects: Acute bowel obstruction, Ectopic pregnancy, Compressive myoma, Hysterectomy, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Acute intestinal obstruction during pregnancy is a rare digestive surgical emergency with significant maternal and fetal mortality. Diagnosis is difficult, often delaying the management. Here, we report an exceptional association of mechanical acute intestinal obstruction due to compression by previa uterine leiomyoma, and a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Case presentation This is the case report of a 43-year-old primiparous black woman from a rural area, who was admitted to the surgical emergency department for acute intestinal obstruction. At examination on admittance, our patient had a bad general condition with clinical anemia. She had an occlusive syndrome that had been evolving for 3 days. A physical examination of her abdomen showed a widespread distension with an irregular and polylobed solid mass occupying the whole of the lower-umbilical and hypogastric area. A rectal examination found an empty rectum, and the mass was perceptible in Douglas’s pouch. At the vaginal examination, we found the same mass and a finger holster was clean. The diagnosis of intestinal occlusion by a tumor was retained. The laparotomy revealed a distended intestine, a ruptured right tubal ectopic pregnancy and a polymyomatous uterus. The most massive previa leiomyoma was adhering and compressing the rectal and sigmoidal hinge. A total hysterectomy was performed and histopathological examination of specimens confirmed myoma and ectopic pregnancy. The surgical follow-up was uneventful, and our patient was discharged on postoperative day 12. Conclusions The etiological diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction during pregnancy is not easy, especially in the context of a low-income country where the means of biological and radiological diagnosis are lacking. A laparotomy is required before diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen and its management will depend on the intraoperative findings and the condition of the patient.
Published: 2018
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6. Prise en charge du priapisme ischémique aigu à l’Hôpital National de Lamordé de Niamey

Author: Oumarou Habou, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Soumana Amadou, Amadou Magagi, Abdou Malam Bade, Oumarou Sanda Ganda, and Habibou Abarchi
Subjects: Priapisme, Drépanocytose, Ponction-drainage des corps, Caverneux, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: Objectifs: Décrire les aspects cliniques du priapisme ischémique aigu et apprécier le résultat de la prise charge. Patients et méthode: Il s’agit d’une étude prospective, sur une période de 19 mois allant de juin 2011 à décembre 2012, portant sur 29 patients pris en charge pour priapisme ischémique aigu dans le service des urgences chirurgicales et urologiques de l’Hôpital National de Lamordé. L’âge, le délai de consultation, l’étiologie et les résultats de la prise en charge étaient les variables étudiées. Résultats: L’âge moyen était de 19 ans (extrêmes: 5 à 43 ans). Le délai moyen de consultation était de 26 heures (extrêmes: 5 heures et 5 jours). La drépanocytose (18 cas) et l’automédication (7cas) étaient les principales étiologies. La détumescence était complète (15 cas) après ponction caverneuse et administration d’étiléfrine. L’érection était satisfaisante (7 cas) avec un recul moyen de 3 mois et 5 patients présentaient une dysfonction érectile. Conclusion: La drépanocytose est la principale cause du priapisme ischémique aigu dans notre contexte. La ponction caverneuse selon Winter est une option thérapeutique simple, fiable et efficace pour la prise en charge de cette affection.
Published: 2017
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7. Acute mechanical intestinal obstruction in children at zinder national hospital, Niger: Aetiologies and prognosis

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Ousseini Adakal, Kabirou Ganiou, and Magagi Amadou
Subjects: Emergency, intestinal obstruction, low-income country, Niger, paediatric surgery, prognosis, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Background: To describe the aetiological and prognostic aspects of acute mechanical intestinal obstruction (AMIO) in children at Zinder National Hospital (Niger). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on a period to January 2013–June 2015. The database included all children under 15 years of age with a surgical diagnosis of mechanical intestinal obstruction. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for analysis. Results: AMIOs represent 21.78% (n = 78) of child digestive surgical emergencies (n = 358). Median age was 12 months (range: 1 day–15 years). Fifteen (19.23%) were neonates and sixty children (76.92%) had ≤60 months. The sex ratio (male/female) was 2.8. The mean time from onset to presentation was 39.96 ± 36.22 h. Intussusception and strangulated hernias were the main causes of AMIO with, respectively, 43.59% (n = 34) and 29.48% (n = 23). Anorectal malformations represent 17.95% (n = 14) of cases of AMIO. Intestinal resection was made in 22.08% and colostomy in 19.23% of patients. The average length of hospital stay was 6.44 ± 4.30 days. The post-operative complications were recorded in 26 patients (33.33%), mostly surgical site infections. Overall mortality of AMIO was 15.38% (n = 12). It was higher in the neonates (33.33%) (P = 0.032). Deaths were associated with delay of admission (P = 0.0005) and waiting time for surgery (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Intussusception and strangulated hernia are the most common cause of AMIO in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic delays, lack of paediatric intensive care and post-operative complications are prognostic factors.
Published: 2017
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8. Oropharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma with cranial nerve paralysis in a limited resource setting: a case report and review of literature

Author: Askia Alfazaz, Ibrahim Assoumane, Ousseini Adakal, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, and Ibrahim Baaré
Subjects: rhabdomyosarcoma, child, oropharyngeal, recurrence, Medicine
Abstract: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumor of skeletal muscle origin, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma encountered in childhood and adolescence; it is primarily found in the head and neck region, it is relatively uncommon tumors of the oral cavity. Clinical signs depend on the exact location of the lesion in the oral cavity and its development. Authors reported the case of a 14-year-old patient who presented an oropharyngeal mass causing voice dysfunction, after two surgical operation the patient experimented two 2 recurrences of the lesion. The histopathological examination objectifies an oropharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Immediate postoperative outcome was uneventful with improvement in the voice dysfunction and dysphagia one month after surgery. Complementary treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) was not available and accessible to the patient. Twenty months (20) after surgery, the examination found a recurrence of the tumor with pulmonary metastases and neurological complications. Oropharyngeal rhabdomyosarcomas are rare. Their interest lies in the fact that they often affect children and adolescents. The prognosis remains unfavorable in our context, even for cases accessible to surgery since complementary treatment with chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy does not exist. The prognosis depends on tumor size, location, staging, age of patients and especially the quality of the management.
Published: 2019
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9. Acute Abdomen Revealing an Unusual Case of Intra-Abdominal Testicular Torsion

Author: Maazou Halidou, Amadou Roua, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Harissou Adamou, Ousseini Adakal, Mohamed Rouga, Soumana Amadou, and Rachid Sani
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract: Introduction. Intra-abdominal testicular torsion is a rare event. We report hereby our experience of the management of a spermatic cord twist on intra-abdominal testis discovered during an acute surgical abdomen. Case Presentation. This was a 42-year-old patient admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain that had been evolving for a week. The physical examination showed tenderness and guarding in the left iliac fossa with an empty ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Complementary examinations led to the discovery of an intra-abdominal left-lateral mass. The laparotomy found a whitish mass with areas of infarction, which was resected. Anatomopathological examination of the operative specimen identified it as a testis with atrophy of germ cells and necrotic areas without evidence of malignancy. Conclusion. Intra-abdominal testicular torsion should be considered in case of patients with an acute surgical abdomen with vacuity of one of the bursae.
Published: 2019
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10. Particularité de l'anesthésie pour cure chirurgicale du phéochromocytome: à propos d'un cas

Author: Amadou Magagi, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Maazou Halidou, Oumarou Habou, Hassane Moussa Diongolé, Maman Sani Rabiou, and Mahaman Boukari Baoua
Subjects: anesthésie, chirurgie, phéochromocytome, laparotomie, niger, Medicine
Abstract: Nous rapportons la prise en charge d'une patiente de 37 ans, aux antécédents d'hypertension artérielle (HTA) mal suivie, adressée en consultation chirurgicale avec une symptomatologie faite de lombalgies droites, de vertiges, de céphalées, de sueurs et de palpitations. Durant l'hospitalisation, la tension artérielle (TA) oscillait entre 130/80 mm d'Hg et 190/120 mm d'Hg. Le reste de l'examen clinique ne retrouvait aucune autre anomalie. Le scanner thoraco-abdominal avait montré une masse surrénalienne de 55x45x65 mm comprimant la veine cave inférieure et la veine rénale droite. Le dosage de l'acide vanyl-mandélique urinaire (VMA) donnait un résultat de 11,8mg/24heures. Le dosage des catécholamines sanguin n'a pas été réalisé. Le diagnostic d'un phéochromocytome était retenu et l'indication opératoire était posée. En consultation d'anesthésie l'examen clinique retrouvait un bon état général, une tension artérielle (TA) à 190/120 mmHg, une auscultation cardiopulmonaire sans particularité et un critère prédictif d'intubation non difficile (Mallampati II). La patiente a bénéficiée d'une préparation préopératoire à base d'alpha-bloquants et bêta-bloquants, et d'un inhibiteur calcique. La surrénalectomie a été réalisée par laparotomie médiane. Il n'y avait pas eu d'instabilité hémodynamique lors de la mobilisation et de la résection de la tumeur. Les suites opératoires immédiates ont été simples. Elle a regagné son domicile à J7 postopératoire. Avec un recul de 3 mois, la patiente ne présentait plus de signes cliniques et ses chiffres tensionnels étaient normaux. L'anesthésie pour la chirurgie du phéochromocytome est faisable même en situation de ressources limitées. Une bonne préparation du patient permet d'éviter les complications périopératoires.
Published: 2018
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11. Isolated Right-Sided Posttraumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia

Author: Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Harissou Adamou, Ousseini Adakal, Mahamoud Omid Ali Ada, Hellé Moustapha, and Habibou Abarchi
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Diaphragm is a compliant musculoaponeurotic barrier located between thoracic and abdominal cavities. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is a rare clinicopathological entity. We report a case of right-sided posttraumatic hernia in a child following blunt trauma to highlight diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic specific aspects. A 10-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency surgical department with thoracic trauma following pedestrian accident. At admission a haemothorax was suspected and treated by pleural drainage. The diagnosis of a right-sided diaphragmatic rupture was made after computed tomographic scan forty-eight hours later. At surgery, a reduction of herniated abdominal content and a suture of diaphragmatic defect were performed. The postoperative recoveries were uneventful and the patient was followed up for 12 months without symptoms. The possibility of a diaphragmatic rupture should be kept in mind and sought after any trauma of the thoracoabdominal junction as the diagnosis can be challenging in emergency department.
Published: 2018
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12. Campagne de vaccination contre la rougeole en période de pic épidémique dans une zone à forte prévalence de malnutrition au Niger: cas du district sanitaire de Mirriah (Zinder)

Author: Mahamadou Doutchi, Abdoul-Aziz Ould Mohamed, Sani Sayadi, Deo Sibongwere, Susan Shepherd, Oumarou Maidadji, Nafissa Dan-Bouzoua, Moumouni Kinda, Ali Ouattara, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: campagne de vaccination, rougeole, complications, malnutrition aiguë, district sanitaire de mirriah, Medicine
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: La rougeole est une maladie virale hautement contagieuse. Nous rapportons les résultats de l'organisation de la campagne de vaccination couplée au dépistage de la malnutrition et décrivons les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs des cas de rougeole compliquée hospitalisés à la pédiatrie de l'hôpital de district de Mirriah dans la région de Zinder, Niger.
Published: 2017
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13. Hernie ' guidon ': un type rare de hernie pariétale traumatique

Author: Ousseini Adakal, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Moussa Koini, Maazou Halidou, and Oumarou Habou
Subjects: abdominal traumatic wall hernia, handlebar hernia, omental incarceration, Medicine
Abstract: Un patient de 20 ans avec une notion de chute sur le guidon d'une moto remontant à 28 jours, était admis pour douleurs abdominales aux urgences chirurgicales. L'examen clinique retrouvait un point d'impact circulaire au niveau de l'hypochondre gauche avec en regard une tuméfaction douloureuse, irréductible et non impulsive aux efforts de toux. Le diagnostic d'une hernie pariétale traumatique étranglée était posé. L'abord chirurgical par laparotomie médiane mettait en évidence une brèche pariétale avec incarcération d'une partie de l'épiploon qui était nécrosée. L'épiploon nécrosé était reséqué et une raphie de la brèche était réalisée. Les suites post-opératoires étaient simples et le patient sortait à j5.
Published: 2016
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14. Etiologies et pronostic des occlusions intestinales aigues mécaniques à l'Hôpital National de Zinder: étude transversale sur 171 patients

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Amadou Magagi, Halidou Maazou, Mansour Adamou, and Yacouba Harouna
Subjects: occlusions intestinales, étiologies, pronostic, urgences, chirurgie, hernies étranglées, Medicine
Abstract: L'occlusion intestinale aigue (OIA) mécanique, représente l'une des pathologies les plus fréquentes en chirurgie digestive d'urgence. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les aspects étiologiques et pronostiques des occlusions intestinales aigues mécaniques à l'Hôpital National de Zinder (HNZ), Niger. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale sur 24 mois (Janvier 2013 à Décembre 2014) ayant inclus tous les patients opérés pour OIA. Les occlusions intestinales mécaniques représentaient 24,50% (n=171) des urgences chirurgicales digestives (n=622). L'âge médian était à 25 ans (extrêmes : 1 jour et 95 ans). Le sexe ratio était à 3,5 en faveur des hommes. Les enfants représentaient 38,60% (n=66). Le siège de l'obstacle était sur le grêle dans 60,82% (n=104), colique dans 21,63%(n=37) et mixte dans 17,54% (n=30). Le mécanisme par strangulation constituait 88,89% (n=152) dont les hernies étranglées avec 49,70% (n=85) et les invaginations intestinales aigues avec 19,88% (n=34) des patients. Les malformations ano-rectales et les tumeurs constituaient les principales étiologies par obstruction avec respectivement 7,02% (n=12) et 3,51% (n=6). Une résection intestinale était faite dans 52 cas (30,41%). Les complications septiques prédominaient (n=39/53), dont la suppuration pariétale (n=23).Le séjour moyen était de 7,82 jours. La mortalité globale était 11,70% (n=20). Celle-ci était corrélée statistiquement à la nécrose intestinale (p=0,01) et au retard d'admission (p=0,04). Les étiologies des OIA sont multiples et dominées par les hernies étranglées. La morbi-mortalité élevée qu'elles entrainent pourrait être évitée par la prise en charge précoce avant l'installation d'une nécrose intestinale.
Published: 2016
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15. Occlusion intestinale aigue révélant un lymphome T digestif associé à la maladie céliaque, à propos d'un cas

Author: Abdoul Aziz Garba, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Souleymane Brah, and Oumarou Habou
Subjects: maladie céliaque, lymphome t, eatl, occlusion intestinale, chirurgie, Medicine
Abstract: Le lymphome T intestinal associé à une entéropathie ou Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), est une complication rare de la maladie céliaque (MC). Nous rapportons l'observation d'un lymphome T associée à une MC révélé par une occlusion intestinale aigue. Une patiente maghrébine de 38 ans, aux antécédents de stérilité et de douleurs abdominales chroniques, était admise en urgence pour occlusion intestinale aigue. L'intervention chirurgicale retrouvait une tumeur au dépend du grêle avec des adénopathies mésentériques. L'histologie et l'immunohistochimie de la pièce opératoire objectivait un lymphome T digestif CD3+ et le bilan immunologique de la maladie cAcute intestinal obstruction revealing enteropathy associated t-cell lymphoma, about a caseliaque était positif. Le diagnostic d'EATL était ainsi retenu. La patiente était mise sous chimiothérapie (CHOEP) et régime sans gluten avec une réponse complète au traitement. L'EATL est une complication rare de la MC qui peut être révélée par une occlusion intestinale. Son pronostic peut être amélioré par une prise en charge précoce associant chirurgie et chimiothérapie. Sa prévention passe par un diagnostic précoce de la MC et un régime sans gluten.
Published: 2016
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16. Hernie interne supravésicale, cause rare d'occlusion intestinale aiguë

Author: Harissou Adamou, Oumarou Habou, Ousseini Adakal, and Ibrahim Amadou Magagi
Subjects: hernie supravésicale, occlusion intestinale, niger, Medicine
Abstract: La hernie interne supravésicale est rare et se développe au niveau de la fossette supravésicale. Son diagnostic est très souvent fait à l'occasion d'une laparotomie pour occlusion intestinale. Dans ce travail, nous rapportons le cas d'un patient âgé de 49 ans admis aux urgences chirurgicales de l'HNZ pour syndrome occlusif. La laparotomie réalisée a permis de découvrir une anse grêle incarcérée dans une hernie interne supravésicale. Le geste chirurgical a consisté en une résection du sac associée à une fermeture en points séparés et les suites opératoires ont été simples. Devant toute occlusion intestinale aiguë, il faut avoir à l'esprit que la hernie interne supravésicale peut en être une cause inhabituelle.
Published: 2015
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17. Gollop-Wolfgang Complex

Author: Oumarou Habou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Please see fulltext
Published: 2016
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18. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery

Author: Knight, Sr, Chu, K, Lapitan, Mc, Dare, Aj, Pius, R, Shaw, Ca, Drake, Tm, Norman, L, Ademuyiwa, Ao, Adisa, Ao, Aguilera, Ml, Al-Saqqa, Sw, Al-Slaibi, I, Bhangu, A, Biccard, Bm, Brocklehurst, P, Costas-Chavarri, A, Elhadi, M, Fairfield, Cj, Fitzgerald, Je, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Henegouwen, Miv, Ingabire, Jca, Kingham, Tp, Lawani, I, Lieske, B, Lilford, R, Martin, J, Mclean, Ka, Moore, R, Morton, D, Nepogodiev, D, Ntirenganya, F, Pata, F, Pinkney, T, Stephen, R Knight, Catherine, A Shaw, Riinu, Pius, Thomas, M Drake, Lisa, Norman, Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Aneel, Bhangu, Bruce, M Biccard, Peter, Brocklehurst, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn, Chu, Anna, Dare, Muhammed, Elhadi, Cameron, J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv, Ghosh, James, Glasbey, Mark, I van Berge Henegouwen, C Allen Ingabire, J, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl, Lawani, Bettina, Lieske, Richard, Lilford, Janet, Martin, Kenneth, A McLean, Rachel, Moore, Dion, Morton, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya, Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana, Simões, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Hannah, Thomas, Thomas, G Weiser, Malcolm, West, John, Whitaker, Ewen, M Harrison, Arben, Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian, King, Erick, Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade, Waterman, Dominique, Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol, Sokolov, Venerand, Barendegere, Gerald, Ekwen, Arnav, Agarwal, Qinyang, Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques, Bake, Jakov, Mihanovic, Kamila, Kunčarová, Julius, Orhalmi, Hosni, Salem, Jyri, Teras, Aristotelis, Kechagias, Alexis, P Arnaud, Judith, Lindert, Vasileios, Kalles, Maria-Lorena, Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo, Recinos, Zsolt, Baranyai, Basant, Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip, Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Pramesh, C, Radhian, Amandito, Christina, Fleming, Luca, Ansaloni, Gianluca, Pellino, Ahmed, M Altibi, Ibrahim, Nour, Intisar, Hamdun, Ali, M Ghellai, Donatas, Venskutonis, Tomas, Poskus, Justas, Zilinskas, Precious, Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine, Borg, Sarah, Ellul, Fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David, W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron, Wells, Harissou, Adamou, Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, Adewale, Adisa, Kjetil, Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid, Alser, Haya, Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr, Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey, Litvin, Armen, Vardanyan, Ahmad, Gudal, Naif, Albati, Jovan, Juloski, Miran, Rems, Sarah, Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan, Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime, Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar, Homeida, Yucel, Cengiz, Daniel, Clerc, Muhammad, Alshaar, Hanen, Bouaziz, Yuksel, Altinel, Matthew, Doe, Maryna, Freigofer, Ella, Teasdale, Rakan, Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan, Ashfaq, Ijeoma, Azodo, Gabriela, Wagner, Ivan, Trostchansky, Mayaba, Maimbo, David, Linyama, Helidon, Nina, Amanda, Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago, Villalobos, Federico, Carballo, Pablo, Farina, Sebastian, Guckenheimer, Marilla, Dickfos, Ankit, Ajmera, Chester, Chong, Ralph, Gourlay, Sikandar, Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb, Majid, Peter, Martin, Rebecca, Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie, Phua, William, Ridley, Tarunpreet, Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen, Teh, Anna, Wells, Bharti, Arora, Qaasim, Dollie, Debbie, Ho, Yanru, Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony, Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan, Lim, Upuli, Pahalawatta, Jacqueline, Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea, Yeoh, Lillian, Charman, Andrew, Drane, Sharon, Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy, Mozes, Rita, Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen, Wall, Prakshi, Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal, Dhital, Brian, Draganic, Alexander, Duller, Jonathan, Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan, Mcmanus, Prakash, Nagappan, Peter, Pockney, Anya, Rugendyke, Mahsa, Sarrami, Stephen, Smith, Vanessa, Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey, Ye, Geoffrey, Zhang, Ethan, Brooker, Daniel, Feng, Bonnie, Lau, Carlin, Ngai, Sarah, Birks, David, Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali, Abbosh, Chris, Gillespie, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Bianca, Kwan, Joshua, Lawson, Andrea, Warwick, Janne, Bingham, Andrew, J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan, Ellaby-Hall, Ben, Finlay, Emily, Humphries, Jade, Pisaniello, Monique, Pisaniello, Salma, Salih, Tarik, Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola, Hayward, Kartik, Iyer, Guy, Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga, Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy, Yeo, Lucy, Hempenstall, Lily, Pham, Shaun, Purcell, Cherry, Talavera, Ashish, I Vaska, Gurpreet, Chaggar, Phillip, Chrapko, Annelise, Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame, Ctercteko, James, French, Houchen, Gong, 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Ahmed Tarek, Muad Fathi Khalleefah Abu Hallalah, Saleh Abujamra, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Donatas Venskutonis, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Precious Malemia, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia Yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P G Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki 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S., Wells, C., Adamou, H., Ademuyiwa, A., Adisa, A., Soreide, K., Al Saqqa, S., Alser, O., Tahboub, H., Segovia Lohse, H. A., Shu Yip, S., Major, P., Sampaio Soares, A., Bratu, M. R., Litvin, A., Vardanyan, A., Allen Ingabire, J. C., Gudal, A., Albati, N., Juloski, J., Rems, M., Rayne, S., Van Straten, S., Moodley, Y., Ortega Vazquez, I., Ruiz-Tovar, J., Senanayake, K. J., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Omer, O. A., Homeida, A., Cengiz, Y., Clerc, D., Alshaar, M., Bouaziz, H., Altinel, Y., Doe, M., Freigofer, M., Teasdale, E., Kabariti, R., Clements, J. M., Ashfaq, A., Azodo, I., Wagner, G., Trostchansky, I., Maimbo, M., Linyama, D., Nina, H., Zeko, A., Fermani, C. G., Villalobos, S., Carballo, F., Farina, P., Guckenheimer, S., Dickfos, M., Ajmera, A., Chong, C., Gourlay, R., Hussaini, S., Lee, Y. J., Majid, A., Martin, P., Miles, R., Morris, O. J., Phua, J., Ridley, W., Saluja, T., Tan, R. R., Teh, J., Wells, A., Arora, B., Dollie, Q., Ho, D., Ma, Y., Perera, O. M., Truong, A., Dawson, A. 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M., Mohsine, R., Rafik, A., Oung, T., Tin, M. M., Plarre, P., Alberga, A., Sluiter, N., Tuynman, J., Blok, R., Comert, D., Hompes, R., Kalff, M., Stellingwerf, M. E., Tanis, P., van Berge Henegouwen, M., van Praag, E. M., Wisselink, D., Gerhards, M., Lopes Cardozo, J., Westerduin, E., de Jonge, J., van Geloven, A., van Schilt, K., den Boer, F., Stoots, S., Vlek, S., Adams, J., Al-Busaidi, I. S., Budd, G., Choi, S. I., Chu, M. J. J., Ganugapati, A., Mckinstry, L., Pascoe, R., Richards, S., Rosser, K., Stevenson, A., White, R., Farik, S., Kwun, J., Murad, A., Cowan, S., Hall, T., Hayton, M., Malam Sani, L., Oumarou Garba, S., Amadou Magagi, I., Habou, O., Aliyu, H., Daniyan, M., Sholadoye, T. T., Abdullahi, L., Anyanwu, L. -J., Mohammad Mohammad, A., Muhammad, A. B., Sheshe, A. A., Suleiman, I., Adesina, A., Awolowo, A., Onuoha, C., Salami, O., Taiwo, O., Taiwo, A., Kache, S., Makama, J. 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B., Shahzad, N., Khaliq, T., Rashid, I., Waqar, S. H., Abu Al-saleem, H., Abu Alqumboz, A., Alqadi, M., Amro, A., Assa, R., Awesat, E., Ayyad, R., Hammad, M., Haymony, A., Hijazi, B., Hmeidat, B., Lahaseh, R., Qawasmi, A., Rajabi, A., Shehada, M., Shkokani, S., Yaghi, Y., Yaghi, N., Alzohour, M., Farid, M., Habes, Y. M., Juba, W., Nubani, Y., Rabee, A., Sa'Deh, M., Abed, S., Al basos, I., Alswerki, M., Ashour, D., Awad, I., Diab, S., El Jamassi, A., El-Kahlout, S., Elhout, S., Hajjaj, A. N. K., Hasanain, D., Nabil hajjaj, B., Obaid, M., Saikaly, E., Salhi, A., Al-Tammam, H., Almasri, M., Baniowda, M., Beshtawi, D., Horoub, A., Misk, R., Mohammad, B., Qasrawi, R., Sholi, T., Abu-Nimeh, S., Abu-srour, A., Abukhalaf, S. A., Adawi, S., Alsalameh, B., Ayesh, K., Elqadi, M., Hammouri, A., Karim Mustafa, F., Marzouqa, N., Melhem, S., Miqdad, D., Mohamad, B., Rawhi, M., Abu Ahammala, A. B., Abu Ataya, A., Abu Jayyab, I., Al-Shwaikh, S., Alagha, O., Alasttal, M., Awadallah, H., Elblbessy, M., Fares, J., Jarbou, A., Mahfouz, I., Albahnasawi, M. A., Abo mahadi, A., Abuelhatal, H., Abuelqomboz, A., Almoqayyad, A., Alwali, A., Balaawi, R., Hamouda, M., Humeid, M., Jedyan, A., Mahmoud Abu hamam, T., Matar, G., Salem, A., Samra, T., Shaheen, N., Shihada, K., A. Nemer, A., Abu Al Amrain, M., Abu Alamrain, A., Abu Jamie, N., Abu-Rous, M. R., Alfarra, N., Altaweel, M., Alwhaidi, N., Hamed, R., Saqqa, B., Shaheen, A., Aljaber, D., Aljaberi, L., Alwaheidi, M., Jawaada, A., Khaldi, H., Qahoush, R., Qari, J., Saadeh, R., Salim, A., Yacoub, A., Abbas, A., Abu shua'ib, R., Abu Zainah, B., Abusirrees, M., Babaa, B., Barhoush, O., Belal qadomi, A., Daraghmeh, L., Haji, R., Khatatbeh, A., Khatib, L., Qarariah, S., Quzmar, Y., Safadi, K., Salameh, R., Hassan, M., Herzallah, S., Massad, L., Nazzal, A., Nazzal, R., Escobar, D., Machain V, G. M., Rodriguez Gonzalez, A., Chachaima Mar, J. E., Chinchihualpa Paredes, N. O., Cuba, V., Lopez, W., Niquen Jimenez, M. M., Sanchez Bartra, N. A., Sapallanay Ojeda, O., Sequeiros, D., Toscano Pacheco, A., Vergara, M., Abarca, S., Alcorta, R., Borda-Luque, G., Eusebio Zegarra, I. E., Lujan Lopez, C., Marrufo, M., Mogrovejo, C., Nomura, A., Rodriguez Angeles, Y., Vidal Meza, M. R., Zavala, G., Castillo Arrascue, J. N., Hidrogo Cabrera, J. C., Larrea vera, J. J. M., Osorio, M., Ylatoma Diaz, E. A., Fontanilla, M. A., Fuentes, J. R., Salazar, A. L., Dominguez, G., Lopez, M. P., Macalindong, S., Onglao, M. A., Ramirez, A., Sacdalan, M. D., Tampo, M. M., Uy, G. L., Mangahas, J., Yabut, K., Canete, J. P., Cansana, B. E., Castro, E. J., Lipana, M. K., Roxas, M. F., Zara, V. 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M., Guimaraes, A., Marques, J., Nico Albano, M., Silva, M., Valente da Costa, A., Vieira Caroco, T., Almeida Braga, S., Capunge, I., Fragoso, M., Guimaraes, J., Pinto, B., Ribeiro, J., Angel, M., Fialho, G., Guerrero, M., Campos Costa, F., Cardoso, D., Cardoso, V., Alves, M., Estalagem, I., Louro, T., Marques, C., Martelo, R., Morgado, M., Canotilho, R., Correia, A. M., Martins, P., Peyroteo, M., Gomes, J., Monteiro, R., Romano, M., Alves, D. M., Peixoto, R., Quintela, C., Jervis, M. J., Melo, D., Pacheco, A., Paixao, V., Pedro, V., Pimenta, J., Pimenta de Castro, J., Rocha, A., Beuran, M., Ciubotaru, C., Diaconescu, B., Hostiuc, S., Negoi, I., Stoica, B., Anokhin, E., Kuznetsov, G., Oganezov, G., Paramzin, F., Romanova, E., Rutkovskii, V., Shushval, M., Zabiyaka, M., Dzhumabaev, K., Ivanov, V., Mamedli, Z., Achkasov, S., Balkarov, A., Nabiev, E., Nagudov, M., Rybakov, E., Saifutdinova, K., Sushkov, O., Joseph, L., Ndayishimiye, I., Faustin, N., Mutabazi, A. Z., Mvukiyehe, J. 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K., Rencuzogullari, A., Isik, A., Leventoglu, S., Yalcinkaya, A., Yuksel, O., Kalayci, M. U., Kara, Y., Sarici, I. S., Akin, A., Alemdag, G. N., Arslan, E., Baki, B. E., Bodur, M. S., Calik, A., Candas Altinbas, B., Cihanyurdu, I., Erkul, O., Gul, B., Guner, A., Kose, B., Semiz, A., Sevim, Tayar, S., Tomas, K., Tufek, O. Y., Turkyilmaz, S., Ulusahin, M., Usta, A., Yildirim, R., Guler, S. A., Tatar, O. C., Varol, E., Kirimtay, B., Uysal, M., Yildiz, A., Kose, E., Ciftci, A. B., Colak, E., Eraslan, H., Kucuk, G. O., Yemez, K., Lule, H., Bienfait, M., Bua, E., Okalany, N., Basarab, M., Bielosludtsev, O., Kolhanova, K., Perepelytsia, K., Romanukha, K., Savenkov, D., Siryi, S., Tereshchenko, M., Viacheslav, N., Volovetskyi, A., Kebkalo, A., Tryliskyy, Y., Tyselskiy, V., Bruce, E., Chow, B. L., Iddles, E., Mcguckin, S., Newall, N., Ramsay, G., Sharma, P., Stewart, C., Wong, J., Badran, A., Bath, M., Belais, F., Butt, E., Joshi, K., Kapur, M., Shaw, M., Townson, A., Williams, C. Y. 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M., Srinivas, A., Sung, C. -Y., Tai, A., Valle Aranda, Y. C., Venturini, S., Wilguens Lartigue, J., Public and occupational health, AMS - Sports, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and Albarella, Sara
Subjects: global surgery, hospitals, humans, income, neoplasms, postoperative period, poverty, prospective studies, no keywords listed, General Medicine, Prospective Studie, Hospital, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, outcome, Hospitals, Humans, Income, Neoplasms, surgery, Postoperative Period, Poverty, Prospective Studies, cancer surgery, Human, hospital facilities
Abstract: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022

19. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author: Nicola Vickery, Timothy Stephens, Leon du Toit, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert Pearse, Alexandra Torborg, Lucy Rolt, Mariechen Puchert, Graham Martin, Bruce Biccard, Bruce M. Biccard, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA. Prempeh, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z. Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O. Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D. Sama, Patrice Forget, Rupert M. Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W. Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR. Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G. Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP. Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Martin Lankoande, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. 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Nyassi, Landing N. Sanyang, Omar Jallow, Abdoulie Keita, Kitabu Jammeh, Charles Roberts, Patrick Idoko, Kebba Marenah, Masirending Njie, Musa Marena, Karamba Suwareh, Simon Boissey, Fatoumatta Jarjusey, Awa Jah, Awa Sanyang, Dado Jabbi, Kajali Camara, Armando Correa, John Jabang, Lamin Jaiteh, Lamin Dampha, Aminata Manneh, Baboucarr Sowe, Abdoulie Bah, Edrisa Jawo, Victoria Okoje, Momodou Baro, Yaya Bah, Mustapha Njie, Sainabou Mbowe, Ebrima Kanteh, Sarjo Ceesay, Alagie Manneh, Evans Atito-Narh, Adwoa Wilson, Romeo Hussey, Emmanuel Okine, Jemima Kwarteng, Ridge Ntiamoah, Samuel Dadzie, Mark Aseti, Naa Sowah, Akosua Appiah, Charles Bankah, Patrick Mburugu, Thomas Chokwe, Patrick Olang, Vernon Gacii, Susane Nabulindo, Antony Gatheru, Timothy Mwiti, Caroline Mwangi, Julius Muriithi, Daniel Ojuka, Omondi Ogutu, Evans Masitara, Mohamed Chaudhry, Reuben Kamundi, Annmarie Kangangi, Thomas Massaquoi, Stephen Takow, Felister Moraa, Aziz Munubi, Moses Kimani, Adili Wobenjo, Linda Nguu, Vincent Omeddo, Rose Malaba, 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Wesal AlFighi Hassan, Mouadah Ali Altayr, Mohamed Addalla, Abrar Geddeda, Kheria Khoja, Doaa Alhaj, Muaad Etturki, Ahmed Elhadi, Ibrahim Ellojli, Anshirah Shuwayyah, Ahmed Elfaghih, Malak Alduwayb, Mohamed Aleiyan, Wedad Aboubreeq, Soliman Alkassem, Sami Ashour, Hayat Ben Hasan, Najat Ben Hasan, Ali Yahya, Palesa Chisala, Edward Kommwa, Lusayo Simwinga, Agness Chalira, Precious Kachitsa, Onias Mtalimanja, Drissa Traoré, Moussa Sissoko, Moussa Camara, Adama Koita, Sekou Koumaré, Omar Sacko, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Lamine Soumaré, Soumaïla Keita, Sidiki Keita, Hamadoun Dicko, Boubacar Diallo, Boureima Bengaly, Mohamed Keita, Siaka Diallo, Drissa Ouattara, Nouhoun Ongoiba, Seydina Beye, Honoré Berthe, Mamadou Diakite, Mamadou Sima, Adégné Togo, Bakary Dembele, Djibo Diango, Moussa Samake, Youssouf Traoré, Louis Traoré, Ongoïba Oumar, Sogoba Gaoussou, Issaga Traoré, Sidy Sangaré, Doua Kanté, Lassana Cissé, Thiam Souleymane, Keita Koniba, Sundaresan Maiyalagan, Julien Chong, Adil Mohit, Khushyant Mungar, Shankaran Vinayagam, Kevin Ramlochun, Jamie Sim, Desai Sneha, Vishaal Kissoon, Yan Tseung, Mohamed Aboobakar, Nitish Fokeerah, Ravi Ramsewak, Jayprakash Gopall, Meetheelesh Abeeluck, Varun Seewoo, Divyanand Jankee, Ashveen Puryag, Senthil Beemadoo, Yashraj Deenoo, Abhisek Goureah, Munawwara Makoon, Hemanshu Rambojan, Beeharry Shanjugsingh, Kevin Viraswami, Shehzaad Joomye, Ashwant Bhugwandass, Bibi Deelawar, Vakil Leelodharry, Luckshmanraj Mungur, Sajid Aungraheeta, Sirsingh Bhajoo, Manpreet Rajcoomar, Rishi Seetaram, Subha Gaya, Gini Batra, Yoshvin Sunnassee, Shailendra Petkar, Sbai Hicham, Labib Smail, Ait Laalim Said, Motaai Youssef, Mouhssine Doumiri, Mustapha Alilou, Nora Farnaoui, Mustapha Bensghir, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Abdelhamid Jaafari, Abderhmann Elwali, Mohammed Meziane, Walid Atmani, Houssam Rebahi, Hajar Chichou, Safae Zarouf, Abderraouf Soummani, Abou Elhassan Taoufik, Meryem Essafti, Aminata Oumou Traoré, Hamzaoui Hamza, Adnane Berdai, El allani Linda, Salhi Oussama, Nelson Mucopo, Machado Banze, Mouzinho Saide, Tomas Sitoi, Artur Machava, Antonio Carlos, Amilton Guidione, Antonio Saide de Carvalho, Natacha Gemo, Samiro Sema Camal, Arsénio Cuna, Ornelos Madeira, Ladino Assuade, Dercio Amde Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae Fernandes, Mandua Sebastião, Bernard Sikombe, Matti Kandjimi, Ayoub Shekimweri, Diana Shilomboleni, Mbaundju Kandjii, Leonard Kabongo, Cholastic Hangero, Ike Ndjoze, Ruben Nailonga, Immanuel Uukonga, Uutoni Nakanyala, Lavinia Johannes, Adrian Haruzuvi, Chris Terblanche, Natangwe Shimenda, Delwina Katjipu, Hilma Shalimba, Juliah Kaweendwa, Ali Mbuyi, John Oyedele, Mapumba Mulolo, Peter Njuki, Mutombo Ndaie, Akutu Munyika, Hilma Katangolo, David Tjiyokola, Tawanda Mhene, Archbald Masiambiri, Paidamoyo Mandudzo, Sandra Kapepiso, Haziel Mavesere, Cedia Tjihoto, Daylight Manyere, Charlotte Kauraisa, Learnmore Garanowako, Michael Tune, William DeKlerk, Benvenue Ndolo, Maria Angula, Ndapewoshali Hishekwa, Elizabeth Nandjendja, Elsabe Tsauses, Eunice Mouton, Kudzai Katandawa, Sophia Bruwer, Jaydee Van Staden, Beata Siteketa, Beata Kaholongo, Martha Ntinda, Pueya Nashidengo, Johanna Kandjumbwa, Lahia Lipumbu, Moussa Sirfi, Fouma Djibo, Moutari Mahaman, Abdoulaye Mahaman Bachir, Maikassoua Mamane, Adakal Ousseini, Maman Noury Hamissou Souley, Rabo Oumarou, Rekia Idrissa, Moussa Ichaou, Amina Saley, Abdoulay Seyni, Sahabi Amadou, Mahamane Sani Mahamane Laminou, Issoufou Moustapha Camara, Moussa Gagara, Hadjara Rabiou Daddy, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Sabo Ramatou, Saidu Kadas, Rabiu Mohammed, Abubakar Ballah, Tella Olalekan, Kefas Bwala, Mohammed Adamu, Adamu Isa, Ademola Adeyeye, Samuel Fayose, Akinola Akinmade, Taiwo Ajayi, Elizabeth Nwasor, Saidu Yakubu, Euphemia Ugwu, George Mukoro, Muhammed Ahmed, Gideon Akafa, Ahmad Lawal, Daniel Nwoye, Michael Odigbo, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, Tunde Sholadoye, Benjamin Fomete, Hamisu Yakubu, Abdulkadir Kabiru, Samaila Timothy, Ali Yusuf, Tasiu Saadu, Babangida Mohammed, Abdulghaffar Yunus, Ganiyat Olagunju, Muhammad Aminu, Mohammad Idris, Musliu Tolani, Nasiru Dalhat, Samuel Gana, Talent Adike, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahman Sheshe, Sani Aji, Mamuda Atiku, Raphael Attah, Abubakar Muhammed, Rasaki Oseni, Halima Salisu-Kabara, Benjamin Nkemjika, Omotayo Salami, Adekunle Akadri, Bukola Olayinka, Clement Onuoha, Umar Usman Jamaare, Auwalu Saminu Jibrin, Sani Giade Abdullahi, Ibrahim Ishaku, Adenike Odewabi, John Bamigboye, Oladapo Kuforiji, Chidiebere Ogo, Stella Ogunmuyiwa, Abdussemee Abdurrazzaaq, Adebayo Tanimola, Michael Adeyanju, Oluwatimilehin Andero, Temitope Ojo, Olusi Adedotun, Gbadamosi Kehinde, Jimoh Buraimoh, Kabiru Muhammad, Sophia Baidoo, Patrick Okoli, Azeez Adigun, Ekene Ezeonye, Kabir Isa, Yetunde Aremu-Kasumu, Kamil Shoretire, Peter Enesi, Amechi Ezike, Olatunde Olawoye, Emmanuel Ugwu, Christopher Ukah, Abolade Olugbenga, Nwachukwu Chidiebere, Nasiru Abdulraman, Adebiyi Olusegun, Alisa Halisa, Semiat Yusuf, Jamila Salisu, Chidiebube Okoro, Abdul Suleiman, Fabian Onowighose, Aliyu Farinyaro, Suleiman Baba, Umar Abdulmajid, Aisha Abdurrahman, Ogochukwu Obi, Olatunde Alabi, William Adeyemi, Jelili Salau, Jones Taiwo, Nnaemeka Nwafulume, Taiye Ibiyeye, Edith Agu, Ayodeji Danboy, James Abdulazeez, Christopher Ekwunife, Chimaobi Nnaji, Chigozirim Onyekpere, Amara Arunsi, Jude Egwim, Obianuju Nwana, Nnabuike Ojiegbe, Charles Mbamba, Paul Ngwu, Frank Imahigbe, Emmanuel Okoroji, Iloh Ikenna, Abdulrahman Mohammed, Adebayo Adeniyi, Toluwalope Ariyo, Olajide Gabriel, Tesleem Orewole, Salawu Idris, Idowu Adebara, Abiodun Okunlola, Akinwale Akinbade, Oluwasesan Afolabi, Adewumi Bakare, Olabisi Adeyemo, Benjamin Ugwu, Samuel Nuhu, Henry Embu, Erdoo Isamade, Chinedu Obikili, Amaka Ocheke, Solomon Peter, Donald Orshio, Peter Onuminya, Jack Okopi, Olufemi Bankole, Bosede Afolabi, Dapo Osinowo, Ayodeji Oluwole, Muyiwa Rotimi, Ibironke Desalu, Rufus Ojewola, Bolaji Mofikoya, Kola Owonikoko, Adeolu Adeoye, Temidayo Bobo, Taiwo Akinloye, David Ama, Ebere Okoronkwo, Muhammad Mahmud, Jamiu Adebiyi, Temitope Babalola, Mansur Muhammad, Afeez Aruna, Maryrose Osazuwa, Ayodeji Yusuf, Isiaka Lawal, Bitrus Fidelis, Rephath Pius, Cyril Jomosu, Adebayo Adedayo, Abubakar Aliyu, Adaora Agholor, Abdullateef Abdulazeez, Chabiya Bala, Eziamaka Eze, Elizabeth Ani, Uchenna Okeke, Dominica Adebayo, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chuka Ugwunne, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Simeon Olateju, Fred Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Adedapo Adetoye, Olurotimi Aaron, Jeremiah Abimbola, Folayemi Faponle, Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Olusoji Jagun, Oluwabunmi Fatungase, Adeniyi Akiseku, Chigbundu Nwokoro, Ramotalai Shoyemi, Ibukunolu Ogundele, Nankat Joseph, Salihu Bura, Chukwuka Nwezoku, Manu Bwala, Meshach Philips, Abubakar Usman, Emmanuel Filibus, Zara Umate, Nwabuoke Chukwuka, Ahmed Nuhu, Watakiri Ibrahim, James Nggada, Ali Izge, Musa Ismail, Olayinka Eyelade, Tinuola Adigun, Babatunde Osinaike, Olayinka Ogunbode, Olusola Idowu, Taiwo Lawal, Temidayo Ogundiran, Olayiwola Shittu, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Stephen Edino, Zumnan Songden, Olumide Akitoye, Bissallah Ekele, Godwin Akaba, Terkaa Atim, Akitoye Adeleke, Owoicho Okochi, Sunday Akeju, Ernest Ukpoju, Osayomwanbo Osaheni, Ifunanya Obaseki, Lateef Kehinde, Osawemwenze Monday, Stanley Nte, Adesuwa Agboifo, Omajuwa Dawodu, Precious Orhiere, David Atiti, Queeneth Kalu, Felix Effiom, Israel Kolawole, Olawale Ojo, Afusat Olabinjo, Olufemi Ige, Beatrice Ogunyemi, Olusola Oladosu, Kikelomo Adesina, Sulaiman Agodirin, Asimiyu Shittu, Audu Idrisa, Sadiq Adamu, Nuhu Ali, Olayinka Adewunmi, Stephen Nwankwor, Akinwumi Olakanmi, Oluseye Ajayi, Ayotolu Ajayi, Victor Ogunmola, Oluwafunke Olakanmi, Adam Kuranga, Enoch Uche, Chukwuemeka Osuagwu, Chukwudi Ilo, Mesi Matthew, Uko Uko, Ngozi Mba, Olubusola Alagbe-Briggs, Amabra Dodiyi-Manuel, Bisola Onajin-Obembe, Bright Obasuyi, Richard Echem, Ihuoma Mike-Elechi, Job Otokwala, Mark Edubio, Catherine Eyo, Isaac Udo, Aliyu Abdulrahman, A.A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim Galadima Bello, Usman Adinoyin Mohammed, Abidemi Oyaromade, Mohammed Bello, Usman Muhammad, Emeri Mbah, Hyacinth Okereke, Almustapha Aminu, Anthony Ahmadu, Abu Rogers, Peter Samai, Sao Amara, Margaret Yankuba, Mary Josayah, Jayah Swarray Jnr, Alusine Dawo, Peter George, Mustapha Kabba, Mohamed Bah, Charles Mondeh, Ibrahim Kapuwa, Mohamed Sheku, Philip Mattia, Brima Sesay, Jones O.A. Omoshoro-Jones, Motselisi Mbeki, Estie Cloete, Philip Anderson, Busi Mrara, Annemarie Steyn, Tsakani Mhlari, Nic Proctor, Caroline Robertson, Gillian Lamacroft, Usha Singh, Sebenzile Sikhakhane, Kelly Gate, Shepherd Nzenza, John Tshimbalanga Kasonga, Sibongile Ndebele, Patrick Lufuta Kande, Jody Davids, Tino-vito Orlandi, Marischka de Jong, Hugo Stark, Francois Roodt, Jonathan Hall, Ian Nortje, Akanimo Akpakan, Vishendran Govindasamy, Ronisha Sathiram, Mohammad Kathrada, Zane Farina, Lucio Frittella, Charles Kohler, Sibuyiselwe Lubelwana, Sarwat Ikram-Hameed, Adriaan Smit, Muneerah Cassiem, Yvonne Freeman, Saaliha Goga, Larissa Cronje, Constantin Buzdugan, Subash Chirkut, Priyadeshni Singh, Sandhya Jithoo, Vivesh Rughubar, John Arnold, Rishan Bipath, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Ncumisa Khanyisa Msolo, Fleur Ackermans-Deijnen, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma Boka, Martyn Biccard Greenwood, Shakthi Anand Jayrajh, Devarani Naidoo, Syndrini Reddy, Devandiran Harriraman Rungan, Kylene Subrayen, John Roos, Nina Tredoux, Pascal Plumacher, Anthony Reed, Harald Steinhaus, Mariesa Nock, Paul Ryan Herselman, Gareth Davies, Talitha Harvey, Franklin Muller, Willem Naude, Tania Pretorius, Johan Jochemus Swart, Merryn Walls, Prashant Gokal, Nicolette Rorke, Farzaana Dhoodhat, Precious Dzanibe, Mohammed Yusuf Hussain, Ashmita Junpath, Ameela Maharaj, Hylda Makanisi, Khalid Moosa, Ting Ting Wong, Sean Mould, Trisha Ramsamy, Roel Matos-Puig, Hayley Morgan, Nadeem Nabeebuccas, Ria Devi Naidoo, Viantha Pather, Vasheel Vasheel Bahadur, Renilda Pillay, Zahnne Fullerton, Nicole Bell, Bongisa Grey, Vincent Lorenzo Visentin, Hendrik Adriaan Van Zyl, Terri Anne Killingbeck, Emile Maneveldt, Gerhard Thiart, Magdelena May Venter, Oostewalt Swart, Mariette Grobelaar, Carel Cairns, David Bishop, Christien Steenkamp, Thandekile Khumalo, Noel Naidoo, Ross Murray, Martin Kopieniak, Melusi Sishange, Mxolisi Brian Ndimande, Megan Jaworska, Sarwat Ikram, Bence Rainier, Renier J. Liebenberg, Helena D. Zwiegers, Philip M. Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M. Köhne, Leanne W. Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A. Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S. Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W. Turton, Pieter M. van der Linde, Josephine K. Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D. Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T. Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayongo, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N. Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Interprofessional Relations, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Fidelity, Postoperative Complications, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Medicine, Postoperative Period, Cooperative Behavior, Nursing management, media_common, Response rate (survey), business.industry, Standard of Care, Odds ratio, Hospitals, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Population Surveillance, Africa, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an enhanced postoperative surveillance intervention to reduce postoperative mortality in Africa. We undertook a concurrent evaluation to understand the process of intervention delivery. Methods Mixed-methods process evaluation, including field notes, interviews, and post-trial questionnaire responses. Qualitative analysis used the framework method with subsequent creation of comparative case studies, grouping hospitals by intervention fidelity. A post-trial questionnaire was developed using initial qualitative analyses. Categorical variables were summarised as count (%) and continuous variables as median (inter-quartile range [IQR]). Odds ratios (OR) were used to rank influences by impact on fidelity. Results The dataset included eight in-depth case studies, and 96 questionnaire responses (response rate 67%) plus intervention fidelity data for each trial site. Overall, 57% (n=55/96) of hospitals achieved intervention delivery using an inclusive definition of fidelity. Delivery of the ASOS-2 interventions and data collection presented a significant burden to the investigators, outstripping limited resources. The influences most associated with fidelity were: surgical staff enthusiasm for the trial (OR=3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–7.0); nursing management support of the trial (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.5); performance of a dummy run (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1); nursing colleagues seeing the value of the intervention(s) (OR=2.1; 95% CI, 0.9–5.7); and site investigators' belief in the effectiveness of the intervention (OR=3.2; 95% CI, 1.2–9.4). Conclusions ASOS-2 has proved that coordinated interventional research across Africa is possible, but delivering the ASOS-2 interventions was a major challenge for many investigators. Future improvement science efforts must include better planning for intervention delivery, additional support to investigators, and promotion of strong inter-professional teamwork. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials gov NCT03853824.
Published: 2021

20. Enhanced postoperative surveillance versus standard of care to reduce mortality among adult surgical patients in Africa (ASOS-2): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author: Bruce M Biccard, Leon du Toit, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA Prempeh, Nicola Vickery, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Alexandra Torborg, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D Sama, Patrice Forget, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert M Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Lucy Rolt, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. Shehata, Mohamed Lotfy, Ahmed ElHaddad, Bereket Gebremeskel, Girmay Fisseha, Mebrahtu Abay, Degena Bahrey, Assefa Hika, Abdurezak Ali, Kindie Moges, Jemal Ahmed, Desalegn Abdisa, Abebe Megersa, Wendwosen Abayne, Haftom Berhane, Reiye Esayas, Fitsum Kifle, Kokeb Desita, Abebe Addise, Dagim Shimelash, Shitalem Tadesse, Bezaye Zemedkun, Peniel Kenna, Ayenew Yirdie, Abinet Sisay, Tebikew Gashu, Fassil Mihretu, Yesuf Ahmed, Bekele Debebe, Abdureuf Misgea, Amare Agmas, Rahel Assefa, Abdurahman Gelmo, Seifu Alemu, Brook Damtachew, Merid Mersha, Yaekob Chemere, Samuel Fekadu, Sintayehu Regasa, Bonsa Sileshi, Desalegn Wosen, Rebira Adamu, Gersam Mulugeta, Teshome Bacha, Zewude Gudisa, Kebebe Bekele, Alelign Tasew, Habtamu Gezahegn, Daniel Atlaw, Damtew Solomon, Habtemariam Gebresillasie, Girmaye Tesfaye, Negussie Sarbecha, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Kenbon Seyoum, Gemechu Ganfure, Yohannes Tekalegn, Gosa Tesfaye, Temesgen Ayichew, Shibiru Sendaba, Musefa Redwan, Eyasu Muse, Girma Nina, Bizuneh Sime, Addisalem Tadege, Anbesse Jima, Nugusu Ayalew, Dagmawi Workneh, Daniel Teferi, Momodou T Nyassi, Landing N Sanyang, Omar Jallow, Abdoulie Keita, Kitabu Jammeh, Charles Roberts, Patrick Idoko, Kebba Marenah, Masirending Njie, Musa Marena, Karamba Suwareh, Simon Boissey, Fatoumatta Jarjusey, Awa Jah, Awa Sanyang, Dado Jabbi, Kajali Camara, Armando Correa, John Jabang, Lamin Jaiteh, Lamin Dampha, Aminata Manneh, Baboucarr Sowe, Abdoulie Bah, Edrisa Jawo, Victoria Okoje, Momodou Baro, Yaya Bah, Mustapha Njie, Sainabou Mbowe, Ebrima Kanteh, Sarjo Ceesay, Alagie Manneh, Evans Atito-Narh, Adwoa Wilson, Romeo Hussey, Emmanuel Okine, Jemima Kwarteng, Ridge Ntiamoah, Samuel Dadzie, Mark Aseti, Naa Sowah, Akosua Appiah, Charles Bankah, Patrick Mburugu, Thomas Chokwe, Patrick Olang, Vernon Gacii, Susane Nabulindo, Antony Gatheru, Timothy Mwiti, Caroline Mwangi, Julius Muriithi, Daniel Ojuka, Omondi Ogutu, Evans Masitara, Mohamed Chaudhry, Reuben Kamundi, Annmarie Kangangi, Thomas Massaquoi, Stephen Takow, Felister Moraa, Aziz Munubi, Moses Kimani, Adili Wobenjo, Linda Nguu, Vincent Omeddo, Rose Malaba, Ambrose Nabwana, Anita Mwancha, Alexandria Mugaa, John Wamwaki, Joyce Chege, Seymour Sinari, Andrew Ndonga, Rose Shitsinzi, Walter Akello, Winfred Kimani, Elisha Kirwa, Seno Saruni, Andrew Wainaina, Ernest Nshom, Aidah Kenseko, Kizito Shisanya, Purity Wanjiru, Julliah Cherotich, Judy Kimutai, Benson Wahome, Grace Wangui, Dennis Wamalwa, Stephen Mwangi, John Chege, Tabitha Wanjiku, Carolyne Njoki, Wachira Waititu, Conrad Ambani, Samuel Murimi, Sharon Waithira, Nilson Mouti, Collins Kibet, John Kibet, Virginia Sokobe, Beatrice Jeymah, Antony Kamadi, Faith Gichuri, Steve Moses, David Wasike, Favours Adeya, Caesar Bitta, Stephen Ogendo, Killian Kariuki, Hdaya BenAbdalla, Taha Suliaman, Fatima Ali Abokhzam, Mohaned Isa, Mohammed Huwaysh, Asma Bourawi, Kais Alzubaidy, Mohammed Albaraesi, Sumayyah Bahroun, Abdulmueti Alhadi, Ahmed Msherghi, Amira Mohamed, Ala Khaled, Nouran Aljadi, Elham Bareig, Khaled Elgazwi, Adel Elgazwi, Ibrahim El-busife, Safa Owhida, Almahdi Eltwati, Samah Elakeili, Taha Abubaker, Fatima Elkhfeefi, Soha Younis Hasan, Amal Alttaira, Imbarkah Elmraied, Rim Wishah, Omar Abugassa, Hazem Ahmed, Amera Ellafi, Shoukrie Shoukrie, Nawal Aldokali, Aws ElGammudi, Akram Alkaseek, Hoda Elhaddad, Ayyah Alqaarh, Ahlam Brish, Malek Abudsnnuga, Salsabil Albuaishi, Mohammed Albashri, Marwa Morgom, Mohammed Alawami, Eman Shawesh, Abdullah Almabrouk, Moaz Alwarfalli, Nagia Abeid, Anis Buzreg, Ans Malek, Ameerah Abayu, Butaina Abdulhafith, Wedad Abouruwes, Marim Albakuri, Sabria Almuammari, Esam Alsaghair, Fatheia Alreshi, Hassan Badi, Rabiee Alfetoey, Naji Zubia, Bushray Almiqlash, Abdulsalam Alshuhoumi, Rayet Al-islam Ben Jouira, Amaal Dier, Essra Gebril, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Sana Moussa, Marwa Alfitori, Mabroukah Azbeda, Hajar Alamin, Ejmeya Barka, Omlsaad Mosbah, Rema Abdasalam, Miftah Hiyoum, Maryam Abd allateef, Ibrahim Altomi, Mahdi Alsakloul, Ekhlas Karami, Munyah Alriqeeq, Mabruka Omar, Ashraf Samer, Aml Aemeesh, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Ahmed Elusta, Sultan Ahmeed, Wesal AlFighi Hassan, Mouadah Ali Altayr, Mohamed Addalla, Abrar Geddeda, Kheria Khoja, Doaa Alhaj, Muaad Etturki, Ahmed Elhadi, Ibrahim Ellojli, Anshirah Shuwayyah, Ahmed Elfaghih, Malak Alduwayb, Mohamed Aleiyan, Wedad Aboubreeq, Soliman Alkassem, Sami Ashour, Hayat Ben Hasan, Najat Ben Hasan, Ali Yahya, Palesa Chisala, Edward Kommwa, Lusayo Simwinga, Agness Chalira, Precious Kachitsa, Onias Mtalimanja, Drissa Traoré, Moussa Sissoko, Moussa Camara, Adama Koita, Sekou Koumaré, Omar Sacko, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Lamine Soumaré, Soumaïla Keita, Sidiki Keita, Hamadoun Dicko, Boubacar Diallo, Boureima Bengaly, Mohamed Keita, Siaka Diallo, Drissa Ouattara, Nouhoun Ongoiba, Seydina Beye, Honoré Berthe, Mamadou Diakite, Mamadou Sima, Adégné Togo, Bakary Dembele, Djibo Diango, Moussa Samake, Youssouf Traoré, Louis Traoré, Ongoïba Oumar, Sogoba Gaoussou, Issaga Traoré, Sidy 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Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M Köhne, Leanne W Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W Turton, Pieter M van der Linde, Josephine K Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayong, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, business.industry, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, Standard of Care, General Medicine, Articles, Hospitals, Hospitalization, Intervention (counseling), Relative risk, Emergency medicine, Africa, medicine, Humans, In patient, Female, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Postoperative Period, business, Surgical patients
Abstract: Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03853824 . Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. Translations For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Published: 2021

21. Non-Malformative Emergency Abdominal Surgery in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years

Author: K Ide, Gagara M, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Ousseini Adakal, Oumarou Habou, R Sani, Maman Bachir Abdoulaye, Lassey James Didier, Harissou Adamou, and Y Hama
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Perforation (oil well), Peritonitis, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Typhoid fever, Surgery, Stoma, Abdominal trauma, medicine, Surgical emergency, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Childhood abdominal surgery emergencies are a major challenge and problematic for the surgeon. The objective is to assess the pattern of non-malformative emergency abdominal surgery in children under 5 years old and to evaluate their management. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of children under five years of age operated between January 2015 and December 2019 who presented with non-malformative abdominal surgical emergency at the Niamey National Hospital. Results: We collected 327 patients aged 0 to 5 years who underwent surgery for abdominal emergency. The average age was 2.8 ± 0.7 years. Boys accounted for 70.64% (n = 231) of the cases. Non-traumatic emergencies accounted for 97% (n = 317) of the cases. They were dominated by peritonitis in 44.6% (n = 146) and strangulated hernia in 43.7% (n = 143). Peritonitis was attributed to ileal typhoid perforation in 85.61% (n = 125) cases. The strangulated hernias were umbilical at 87.41% (n = 125) and inguinal at 12.59% (n = 18). Abdominal trauma accounted for 3% (n = 10); including 6 cases of abdominal contusion and 4 cases of penetrating wound. Intestinal resection with or without stoma was performed in 28.44% (n = 93). Postoperative complications were observed in 8.5% (n = 28) of the cases and mortality was 5.5% (n = 18). Conclusion: Non-malformative emergency abdominal surgery for children under 5 years was dominated by peritonitis. The morbidity and mortality are high. Fight against disease due to dirty hands and fecal peril like such as typhoid fever will reduce their frequency, but also improve the prognosis.
Published: 2021

22. Outcomes of Thyroid Surgery at Niamey National Hospital

Author: Ousseini Adakal, K Ide, R Sani, A Saidou, Lassey James Didier, Taher Sidibé, Maman Bachir Abdoulaye, Gagara M, Maarouf Malam, Harissou Adamou, and Ibrahim Amadou Magagi
Subjects: Total thyroidectomy, endocrine system, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrine disease, Goiter, endocrine system diseases, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Significant difference, Thyroid, Thyroidectomy, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Performed Procedure, business, Thyroid tumors
Abstract: Introduction: Goiter is the most common endocrine disease in the world. The objective of our study is to assess and compare the morbidity linked to the surgical management of goiters and thyroid tumors in the general surgery department of the Niamey National Hospital. Result: We collected data on a prospective basis on 112 cases having undergone a thyroidectomy between March 2019 and April 2020. The female sex is predominant with 96.4%, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.037. The average age is 41.2 years with extremes ranging from 22 to 72 years old. The average duration of evolution of goiter is 7.5 years with extremes ranging from 5 months to 20 years old. The first reason for consultation is anterior cervical swelling. TSH testing confirmed euthyroidism in 107 patients (95.5%). Therapeutically, loboisthmectomy is the most performed procedure with 43.7%. The postoperative hormonal assessment revealed 32% hypothyroidism at 6 months, with a significant difference for cases of total thyroidectomy. The occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia was significantly greater after total and subtotal thyroidectomy. There is no significant difference in terms of recurrent complications. Conclusion: Thyroidectomies must be performed after adequate preparation and information to the patient on possible postoperative complications, hence the need for close medical monitoring immediately and remotely.
Published: 2021

23. Perioperative management of gastrointestinal surgery in a resource-limited hospital in Niger: Cross-sectional study

Author: Ousseini Adakal, Lassey James Didier, Oumarou Habou, Mahamadou Doutchi, R Sani, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Mamane Boukari, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Complications, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, 030230 surgery, Single Center, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, medicine, Perioperative, Original Research, Perioperative management, business.industry, Quality of care, General Medicine, Hernia repair, Continuous training, Gastrointestinal surgery, Management, Surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business
Abstract: Background Perioperative management in digestive surgery is a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the process and outcomes of perioperative management in gastrointestinal surgery. Materials and methods This was a single center cross-sectional study over a 4-month period from June 1 to September 30, 2017, in a Nigerien hospital (West Africa). This study included caregivers and patients operated on gastrointestinal surgery. Results We collected data for 56 caregivers and 253 patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery. The average age of caregivers was 38.6 ± 8.7. The median length of professional practice was 9 years. Almost 52% of caregivers (n = 29) did not know the standards of perioperative care. The median age of patients was 24 years, and male gender constituted 70% of cases (n = 177) with a sex ratio of 2.32. Patients came from rural areas in 78.2% (n = 198). Emergency surgery accounted for 60% (n = 152). The most surgical procedure was digestive ostomies performed in 28.9% (n = 73), followed by hernia repair and appendectomy in 24.5% (n = 62) and 13.9% (n = 35) respectively. The postoperative course was complicated in 28.1% (n = 71) among which 13 deaths. In the group of caregivers, the poor practice of perioperative management was associated with poor professional qualification, insufficient equipment, insufficient motivation (p, Highligth • Perioperative care in gastrointestinal surgery in a challenge in Sub-Saharan countries. • This setting is characterised by the difficulty of geographical access to hospital, lack of equipment. • Risk factors for complications are multifactorial. • This study can be a draft for improvement the quality of care in low resource settings.
Published: 2020

24. Diagnosis and surgical approach of adult Hirschsprung's disease: About two observations and review of the literature. Case series

Author: Harissou Adamou, Oumarou Habou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Habibou Abarchi, Ousseini Adakal, Alliance Robnodji, R Sani, Lassey James Didier, and Maman Bachir Aboulaye
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Constipation, medicine.medical_treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Transanal endorectal pull-through procedure, Case series, Coloanal anastomosis, Hirschsprung's disease, Original Research, Barium enema, Delayed coloanal anastomosis, business.industry, Colostomy, Sigmoid colon, General Medicine, Emergency department, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Surgery, Bowel obstruction, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Introduction Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is uncommon in adulthood. In this study, we describe the management of two cases of adult Hirschsprung's disease treated with transanal colonic pull-through procedure followed by a delayed coloanal anastomosis. Patients and methods This was a retrospective (December 2016 to Jun 2019) study included two cases of adult HD with confirmed Hirschsprung disease who underwent surgery at Zinder National hospital, Niger. The registration number is researchregistry 5174. Results These were two patients aged 21 years (male) and 22 years (female) admitted to the emergency department with an acute bowel obstruction. The history finds a delayed passage of meconium at birth with a history of long-standing recurrent constipation since early childhood for the 2 patients. A lateral colostomy was performed urgently in both patients and the barium enema revealed a disparity of the sigmoid colon with corn shaped transition zone. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of HD. Surgery was done according to transanal endorectal pull-through procedure followed by delayed coloanal anastomosis. Patients were regularly followed over a period of 16 months. Constipation was gone, no continence problem was reported and quality of life was rated satisfactory. Conclusion The discovery of Hirschsprung's disease is rare in adulthood. Transanal endorectal pull-through procedure followed by delayed coloanal anastomosis with conventional surgery is a suitable option for the treatment of HD and gives a good result., Highligths • More than 90% of cases, diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease are made in the first 5 years of life; as a result, the diagnosis of HD in adulthood is rare. • Surgical treatment in adulthood is more laborious because of anatomical changes. • Many surgical procedures have been described, the best known of which are Swenson, Duhamel, Soave and Lynn. Modifications of these techniques have been proposed. • The goal of surgical treatment is to resect or exclude the aganglionic segment and to lower the healthy colon, normally innervated at the anus. • Transanal colonic pull-through procedure followed by a delayed coloanal anastomosis with conventional surgery and manual anastomosis, gives satisfactory results and remains well adapted to the adult Hirschsprung’s disease in context of limited resources.
Published: 2019

25. Intussusception simulating rectal prolapse

Author: Maman Bachir, Abdoulaye, primary, Ousseini, Adakal, additional, Oumarou, Habou, additional, Mamane, Maikassoua, additional, Adamou, Harissou, additional, Ibrahim, Amadou Magagi, additional, Mohamed, Rouga Moumouni, additional, Moctar, Boubacar, additional, Abraham, Georges Thomas, additional, Lassey, James Didier, additional, Rachid, Sani, additional, and Habibou, Abarchi, additional
Published: 2021
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26. Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Author: Stephen R Knight, Catherine A Shaw, Riinu Pius, Thomas M Drake, Lisa Norman, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Adewale O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Aneel Bhangu, Bruce M Biccard, Peter Brocklehurst, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn Chu, Anna Dare, Muhammed Elhadi, Cameron J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv Ghosh, James Glasbey, Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen, J.C. Allen Ingabire, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl Lawani, Bettina Lieske, Richard Lilford, Janet Martin, Kenneth A McLean, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana Simões, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Hannah Thomas, Thomas G Weiser, Malcolm West, John Whitaker, Ewen M Harrison, Arben Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian King, Erick Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade Waterman, Dominique Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol Sokolov, Venerand Barendegere, Gerald Ekwen, Arnav Agarwal, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques Bake, Jakov Mihanovic, Kamila Kuncarová, Julius Orhalmi, Hosni Salem, Jyri Teras, Aristotelis Kechagias, Alexis P Arnaud, Judith Lindert, Vasileios Kalles, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo Recinos, Zsolt Baranyai, Basant Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, C Pramesh, Radhian Amandito, Christina Fleming, Luca Ansaloni, Gianluca Pellino, Ahmed M. Altibi, Ibrahim Nour, Intisar Hamdun, Ali M. Ghellai, Donatas Venskutonis, Tomas Poskus, Justas Zilinskas, Precious Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine Borg, Sarah Ellul, fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron Wells, Harissou Adamou, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Kjetil Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid Alser, Haya Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey Litvin, Armen Vardanyan, JC Allen Ingabire, Ahmad Gudal, Naif Albati, Jovan Juloski, Miran Rems, Sarah Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar Homeida, Yucel Cengiz, Daniel Clerc, Muhammad Alshaar, Hanen Bouaziz, Yuksel Altinel, Matthew Doe, Maryna Freigofer, Ella Teasdale, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan Ashfaq, Ijeoma Azodo, Gabriela Wagner, Ivan Trostchansky, Mayaba Maimbo, David Linyama, Helidon Nina, Amanda Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago Villalobos, Federico Carballo, Pablo Farina, Sebastian Guckenheimer, Marilla Dickfos, Ankit Ajmera, Chester Chong, Ralph Gourlay, Sikandar Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb Majid, Peter Martin, Rebecca Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie Phua, William Ridley, Tarunpreet Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen Teh, Anna Wells, Bharti Arora, Qaasim Dollie, Debbie Ho, Yanru Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan Lim, Upuli Pahalawatta, Jacqueline Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea Yeoh, Lillian Charman, Andrew Drane, Sharon Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy Mozes, Rita Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen Wall, Prakshi Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal Dhital, Brian Draganic, Alexander Duller, Jonathan Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan McManus, Prakash Nagappan, Peter Pockney, Anya Rugendyke, Mahsa Sarrami, Stephen Smith, Vanessa Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey Ye, Geoffrey Zhang, Ethan Brooker, Daniel Feng, Bonnie Lau, Carlin Ngai, Sarah Birks, David Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali Abbosh, Chris Gillespie, Ahmed Mahmoud, Bianca Kwan, Joshua Lawson, Andrea Warwick, Janne Bingham, Andrew J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan Ellaby-Hall, Ben Finlay, Emily Humphries, Jade Pisaniello, Monique Pisaniello, Salma Salih, Tarik Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola Hayward, Kartik Iyer, Guy Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy Yeo, Lucy Hempenstall, Lily Pham, Shaun Purcell, Cherry Talavera, Ashish I Vaska, Gurpreet Chaggar, Phillip Chrapko, Annelise Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame Ctercteko, James French, Houchen Gong, Martijn Gosselink, Thuvarahan Jegathees, Ivan Jin, Michelle Kalachov, Kathryn Kiefhaber, Katherine Lee, Jason Luong, Steven Phan, Henry Pleass, Kelly Veale, Zhi Zeng, Angela Au, Ashe DeBiasio, Idy Deng, Jananee Myooran, Amrita Nair, Peter Stewart, Anton Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin Wimmer, Nabila Ahmed, Syed Hasan, Saber Rahman, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Adrian Peters, Pietro Perduca, Guenda Pulcina, Nicolas Tinton, Frederic Buxant, Elsa Dabin, Giulia Garofalo, Francis Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako Motlaleselelo, Omphile Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia Batashki, Nikolai Damianov, Vladislav Stoyanov, Dragomir Dardanov, Svilen Maslyankov, Plamen Petkov, George Todorov, Evgeni Zhivkov, Aygulya Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno Genov, Ivelina Ilieva, Tsvetomir Ivanov, Martin Karamanliev, Azhar Khan, Emil Mitkov, Tsanko Yotsov, Boyko Atanasov, Nikolay Belev, Mihail Slavchev, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Elgan Jones, Simon Stock, Steve Kyota, James Brown, Tresor Mabanza K., Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi Otuneme, Ngwang Prosper, Franklin Umenze, Marylise Boutros, Natasha Caminsky, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard Garfinkle, Dominique Morency, Ebram Salama, Alexander Banks, Lorenzo Ferri, Haitian He, Amit Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis Meterissian, Allison Pang, Elena Parvez, Usmaan Hameed, Fahima Osman, Sangita Sequeira, Natalie Coburn, Alisha Jaffer, Paul Karanicolas, Matthew Mosseler, Reilly Musselman, Xinyuan Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina Guzman, Sebastian Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul Camelo, Andrea Gonzalez, Alejandro González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe Gonzalez, Andres Isaza-Restrepo, Laura Nino- Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin Tsandiraki, Damir Jemendžic, Branislav Kocman, Oliver Šuman, Renata Canic, Darko Jurišic, Ivana Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka Pitlovic, Josip Samardžic, Mario Kopljar, Ivan Bacic, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Danijela Miljanic, Andrea Simic, Mariam Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya Altaf, Talal Amjad, Ruba Eltoum, Heba Haidar, Alhassan Hassan, Omar Khalil, Marwan Qasem, Rommel Ramesh, Gautham Sajith, Maham Wisal, Jan Žatecký, Michele Bujda, Katerina Jirankova, Ales Paclik, Aya Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed Fadel, Abdullah Habater, Heba Hamdy, Amr Hefni, Marwa Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed Sayed, Nancy Shaker, Ehab Taha, Hoda Tharwat, Omar Zakaria, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Ali Al-Dhufri, Hamza S. Al-Himyari, Enas El sheikh, Asmaa Eldmaty, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed M.Elkhashen, Kithara Magdy, Safa Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed mahmoud Saleh, Dina Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud A. Nassar, Samar Abdelhady, Aly Abdelrazek, Israa Abdelsalam, Aya El-Sawy, Eman Essam, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Khaled Ghaly, Mohamed Hassabalnaby, Rana Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed Sabry, Menatalla Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El.soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala Borham, Nehal Elmeslemany, Mohammad Elsayed, Fawzia Elsherif, Sara Eslam, Gehad Gaber, Sondos Ibrahim, Yara Kamh, Abdelrahman Mahmoud, Shimaa gamal Mohamed, Eman Morshedy, Cinderella Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza Abdelkawy, Naglaa Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Ahmed Dahy, Norhan Gamal, Mohammed Gamal, Ahmad Hasan, Helal Hetta, Nehad Mousa, Mohamed Omar, Somia Rabie, Mahmoud Saad, Bakeer Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa Alnoury, Mohamed Elbealawy, Ahmed Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah Ghonaim, Fawzy Hgag, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mahmoud Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed Refaat, Hadeer Samir, Fatma Shahien, Mohamed Sobhy, Fathy Sroor, Esraa Abdellatif, Marina Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman Afifi, Marco Antaky, Amr Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira El-remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak Munir, Omar Shazly, Esraa Taha, Karim Wilson, Sawsan Adel, Asmaa Ali, Esraa Eid, Esraa Elhelow, Marwa Elmahdy, Bassant Elshatby, Amany Hossam el-din Zakaria, Ahmad Hossny, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed M.Yonis, Maram Metwalli, Basant Yousry, Esraa Zid, Mina A Yacoub, Ahmed Abdelhakim, Nervana Abouelsoad, Mo'min Alkhatib, Ahmed Ashraf, Alaa Ashraf, Yasmin Elazab, Mahmoud Elfanty, Osama Elkabir, Mai Elsayed, Ahmed Elshimy, Hager Elsobky, John Eskander, Ahmed Gad, Ward Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna Magdy, Dalia Moharam, Abeer Osama, Shereen Ramadan, Radwa Roum, Taqwa Sayed, Tarneem Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid Abbas, Amr Ali, Mohamed Attia, Mohamed Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed Elfallal, Hossam Elfeki, Ahmed Elkhadragy, Sameh Emile, Helmy Ezzat, Hasnaa Hosni, Islam Mansour, Waleed Omar, Gehad Othman, Kareem Sadek, Mostafa Shalaby, Noura Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas khalifa, Helmy Badr, Mostafa Eldeep, Ahmed Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky mohammed, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia Mahmoud, Pola Mikhail, Mahmoud Morsi, Sara Mowafy, Dina Raafat, Amina Safy, Marwa Sera, Ahmed shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber Ahmed, Shireen Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim negm, Mina Lapic, Ahmed Maher, Hagar Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Samir, Fatma Samy, Nourhan Semeda, Hind I. Shalaby, Alaa El-taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed Hussein, Ahmed.A. Kandil, Mf Moawad, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa Soliman, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy Abdou, Khalid Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman Emara, Mohamed Hamdy, Omar Hamdy, Amira Haron, Salma Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed Nassar, Basel Refky, Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Saleh, Asmaa Yunes, Mai Zakaria, Mohammed Zuhdy, Notila Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander Kütner, Priit Melnik, Indrek Seire, Toomas Ümarik, Eppu Ainoa, Verner Eerola, Hanna Koppatz, Laura Koskenvuo, Ville Sallinen, Sini Takala, Jevgeni Katunin, Arto Turunen, Niki Christou, Muriel Mathonnet, Vincent Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie Soulabaille, Romain Lesourd, Aude Merdrignac, Laurent Sulpice, Benoît André, Elodie Chantalat, Charlotte Vaysse, Bertrand Dousset, Sebastien Gaujoux, Gregory Martin, Octavian Clonda, Domantas Juodis, Klaus Kienle, Andras Mravik, Samuel Palmer, Gabor Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu Naabo, Atta Owusu senior, Joseph Yorke, Frank Owusu, Francis Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed Sheriff, Paul M. Wondoh, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Georgios Gkiokas, Eirini Pantiora, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Argyrios Ioannidis, Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Sofia Konstantinidou, Nikolaos Machairas, Anna Paspala, Anastasia Prodromidou, Christos Chouliaras, Konstantinos Papadopoulos, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Ioannis Mamaloudis, George Tzovaras, Ioanna Akrida, Maria-Ioanna Argentou, Stylianos Germanos, Evangelos Iliopoulos, Ioannis Maroulis, George Skroubis, George Theofanis, Christos Chatzakis, Orestis Ioannidis, Lydia Loutzidou, Panagiotis Karathanasis, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Charalampos Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Zoe Garoufalia, Natasha Hasemaki, Michalis Kontos, Gregory Kouraklis, Stylianos Kykalos, Theodore Liakakos, Eustratia Mpaili, Alexandros Papalampros, Dimitrios Schizas, Athanasios Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini Deskou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Menelaos Zoulamoglou, Christos Anthoulakis, Michalis Margaritis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Veronica Campo, André Ceballos, Mario-Andrés Flores, Waleska Giron, Donghyun Ko, Gabriel Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly Rueda, Andres Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo Echeverria-Davila, Mario Garcia, Danilo García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega José, Nery Mazariegos, Diego Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David Bardos, Marton Benke, Kristof Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka Szabó, Akhila Appukuttan, Anjitha Asok, Vijaykumar D.k, Kapil Malik, Praveen Ravishankaran, Ritesh Tapkire, Guru Moorthy, Joyner Abraham, Ramesh Muthuvel, John Alapatt, Abhay Kattepur, Nizamudheen Pareekutty, Mebanshanbor Garod, Caleb Harris, Cliff Wanniang, Ashish Gupta, Deepak Nehra, Sanjeev Parshad, Rajgopal Acharya, Rajendra Badwe, Manish Bhandare, Urvashi Jain, Karishma Kirti, Nita Nair, Shailesh Shrikhande, Purvi Thakkar, Premkumar Anandan, Archana C S, Arun Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, Tejaswi Jagarlamudi, Rashmi M R, Mallikarjuna Manangi, Abhishek Raghavendra, K. Seshagiri Rao, Vinay S, Vinay Sajjan, Aneesh Shenoy, Santhosh Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, Kavya Tharanath, Sushmita V, Peter Adidharma, Raksheeth Agarwal, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Ghafur Rasyid Arifin, Matthew Billy, Zatira Elfizri, Alessa Fahira, Devi Felicia, Triana Hardianti Gunardi, Nadya Johanna, Nadia Rahmadiani Nugrahadi, Sonar Soni Panigoro, Siti Rahmayanti, Retta Catherina Sihotang, Santi Yuanita Brata, Hadi Winoto, Nastaran Barati, Manoochehr Karami, Hamidreza Khorshidi, Homa Naderifar, Mazin A. Abdulla, Maggie Coleman, Ronan J Doherty, Rob Hannon, Brenda Murphy, Aine Stakelum, Des Winter, Lylas Aljohmani, Richard Farnan, Yeshey Seldon, Tanna Tan, Shriya Varghese, Mohammad Alherz, Muaaz Ather, Mohammad Bajilan, Vivien Graziadei, Isobel Pilkington, Omar Quidwai, Paul Ridgway, Haaris Shiwani, Abd al-Rahman Tahir, Eimear Blunnie, Daniel Burke, Niall Kennedy, Kate Macdonagh, Maeve O'Neill, Siobhan Rooney, Giuseppe Falco, Guglielmo Ferrari, Simone Mele, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Lara Ugoletti, Maurizio Zizzo, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Fulvio Tagliabue, Gianluca Baronio, Deborah Ongaro, Giacomo Pata, Bruno Compagnoni, Renato Salvadori, Lucio Taglietti, Nicola D'Alessandro, Pierpaolo Di Lascio, Giovanni Pascale, Luca Bortolasi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Massimo Carlini, Giorgio Lisi, Davide Lombardi, Corrado Pedrazzani, Domenico Spoletini, Giulia Turri, Paola Violi, Donato Francesco Altomare, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Musa, Vincenzo Papagni, Arcangelo Picciariello, Leonardo Vincenti, Dario Andreotti, Savino Occhionorelli, Matteo Tondo, Stefano Maria Massimiliano. Basso, Riccardo Cirelli, Marco Enrico Mario Maino, Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Emanuele Picone, Rosa Scaramuzzo, Giovanni Sinibaldi, Alfonso Amendola, Lorenzo Anastasio, Luigi Bucci, Emanuele Caruso, Antonio Castaldi, Sara Di Maso, Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, Giovanni Esposito, Maria Gaudiello, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Paola Antonella Greco, Gaetano Luglio, Andrea Manfreda, Ester Marra, Federica Mastella, Gianluca Pagano, Roberto Peltrini, Vincenzo Pepe, Michele Sacco, Viviana Sollazzo, Giovanni Spiezio, Ettore Cianchetti, Nunzia Menduni, Michele Maria Carvello, Francesca Di Candido, Antonino Spinelli, Fabio Corsi, Luca Sorrentino, Fabio Marino, Emanuele Luigi Giuseppe Asti, Luigi Bonavina, Emanuele Rausa, Martina Asta, Andrea Belli, Francesco Bianco, Carmela Cervone, Paolo Delrio, Armando Falato, Andrea Fares Bucci, Rita Guarino, Ugo Pace, Daniela Rega, Emilia De Luca, Gaetano Gallo, Giuseppe Sammarco, Giuseppe Sena, Giuseppina Vescio, Letizia Santandrea, Giampaolo Ugolini, Davide Zattoni, Nicola Chetta, Gaetano Logrieco, Serafino Vanella, Gianluca Garulli, Nicola Zanini, Andrea Bondurri, Francesco Cammarata, Francesco Colombo, Diego Foschi, Giulia Maria Beatrice Lamperti, Anna Maffioli, Gianluca Matteo Sampietro, Al'ona Yakushkina, Gloria Zaffaroni, Enrico Cicuttin, Maria Grazia Sibilla, Harmony Impellizzeri, Marco Inama, Gianluigi Moretto, Sylvie Mochet, Elisa Ponte, Antonella Usai, Stefano Mancini, Andrea Sagnotta, Luigi Solinas, Elisa Bolzonaro, Nicolò Tamini, Gianluca Curletti, Raffaele Galleano, Michele Malerba, Sofia Campanella, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Francesco Colli, Paolino De Marco, Nicolò Falco, Tommaso Fontana, Leonel jospin Kamdem Mambou, Antonella La Brocca, Leo Licari, Brenda Randisi, Giovanna Rizzo, Giulia Rotolo, Giuseppe Salamone, Roberta Tutino, Paolina Venturelli, Stefano Malabarba, Alessandro Sgrò, Ivan Vella, Bruno Cirillo, Daniele Crocetti, Giorgio De Toma, Pierfrancesco Lapolla, Andrea Mingoli, Paolo Sapienza, Angela Belvedere, Stefania Bianchini, Margherita Binetti, Arianna Birindelli, Valeria Tonini, Mauro Podda, Fabio Pulighe, Michele De Rosa, Lorenzo Bono, Felice Borghi, Paolo Geretto, Maria Carmela Giuffrida, Corrado Lauro, Alessandra Marano, Luca Pellegrino, Paola Salusso, Diego Sasia, Michela Campanelli, Alberto Realis Luc, Mario Trompetto, Roberto Cardia, Nicola Cillara, Antonio Nicola Giordano, Antonio Costanzo, Mario Alessandro Giovilli, Luca Turati, Silvestro Canonico, Guido Sciaudone, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Nader Albsoul, Ahmad AlBsoul, Ala'a Aldeen Alkhatib, Osama Alsallaq, Justin Z. Amarin, Rami Ayoub, Isam Bsisu, M S El Muhtaseb, Mohammad Jabaiti, Jamal Melhem, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Mohammad Hasan Salameh, Ahmad Suleihat, Haya H. Suradi, Mohammad Alammarin, Almoutuz Aljaafreh, Mohammad Bani hani, Zeina Bani hani, Farah Bani Hani, Toqa Fahmawee, Shadi Hamouri, Cyrine Katanani, Ra'fat Tawalbeh, Tamara Tawalbeh, Hassan Zawahrah, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Lana Abusalem, Mahmoud Al-Masri, Hani Al-Najjar, Lutfi Barghuthi, Zahra Ahmed, Adnan Maulana, Omar Ngotho, Charbel Kamau, Aruyaru Stanley Mwenda, Fridah Bosire, Elizabeth Mwachiro, Robert Parker, Ian Simel, Kimutai Sylvester, Abdulmunem Ahmed Mustafa Althini, Sofian Elbarouni, Aya Elseed Elbeshina, Ahmed Gwea, Ans Malek, Wedad Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F. Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad fathi khalleefah Abu hallalah, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juocas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevicius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Cepuliene, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaite, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaite, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelyte, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevicius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makunaite, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P.g. Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S. Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T. Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali SANI, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa SANI, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-srour, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B. Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A. Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A.Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R. Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu shua`ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chrol, Paula Franczak, Michal Orlowski, Piotr Budzynski, Andrzej Budzynski, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwinska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michal Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Malczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michal Pedziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafal Roszkowski, Maciej Waledziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F. Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça e Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro Martins, Mariana Peyroteo, João Gomes, Rita Monteiro, Manuela Romano, Daniela Macedo Alves, Rita Peixoto, Catarina Quintela, Maria João Jervis, Débora Melo, André Pacheco, Valter Paixão, Vera Pedro, Joana Pimenta, João Pimenta de Castro, Ana Rocha, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Bogdan Diaconescu, Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Bogdan Stoica, NA NA, Evgeny Anokhin, Georgy Kuznetsov, Giorgi Oganezov, Fedor Paramzin, Ekaterina Romanova, Valeryan Rutkovskii, Vasilii Rutkovskii, Mikhail Shushval, Mikhail Zabiyaka, Khasan Dzhumabaev, Valerii Ivanov, Zaman Mamedli, Sergey Achkasov, Artem Balkarov, Elnur Nabiev, Marat Nagudov, Evgeny Rybakov, Karina Saifutdinova, Oleg Sushkov, Lule Joseph, Isaac Ndayishimiye, Ntirenganya Faustin, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe, Vizir J.P Nsengimana, Carine Uwakunda, Mohammad Monir Abbas, Nouf Akeel, Murad Aljiffry, Kholoud Awaji, Ali Farsi, Ghader Jamjoum, Ahmad Khoja, Ashraf Maghrabi, Nadim Malibary, Mohammed Nassif, Abdulaziz Saleem, Abdullah Sultan, Wail Tashkandi, Hanaa Tashkandi, Nora Trabulsi, Mouhamadou Bachir Ba, Adja Coumba Diallo, Abdourahmane Ndong, Vladica Cuk, Uroš Jankovic, Sharon Zhiling Koh, Frederick Koh, Kuok Chung Lee, Kai Yin Lee, Sean Lee, Wei Qi Leong, Su Ann Lui, Prajwala Prakash, Jan Grosek, Gregor Norcic, Ales Tomazic, Nicolas Fitchat, Robert Jaich, Devorah Wineberg, Modise Zacharia Koto, Daniella Baiocchi, Damian Clarke, Christina Johanna Steenkamp, Sharon Bannister, Adam Boutall, Galya Chinnery, Anna Coccia, Angela Dell, Parveen Karjiker, Christo Kloppers, Nicholas Loxton, Tumi Mabogoane, Francois Malherbe, Eugenio Panieri, Shreya Rayamajhi, Tirsa van Wyngaard, Claire Warden, T E Madiba, Nivashen Pillay, Savannah Brooks, Charlise Kruger, Lisa Hannah Van Der Merwe, Ferhana Gool, Maahir Kariem, Heather Bougard, Nazmie Kariem, Fazlin Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L. Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre Villalobos, Yurena Caballero Díaz, Marta Jimenez, Dacil Montesdeoca, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Victor Vega, Juan Beltrán de Heredia, Zahira Gómez, Carlos Jezieniecki, Ana Patricia Legido Morán, Mario Montes-Manrique, Mario Rodriguez-Lopez, María Ruiz Soriano, Jeancarlos Trujillo Díaz, Andrea Vazquez Fernandez, Nuria Argudo, Miguel Pera, Laia Torrent Jansà, Melody García Domínguez, Ignacio Goded, Marta Roldón Golet, Issa Talal El-Abur, Alejandra Utrilla Fornals, Vanesa Zambrana Campos, Maria Del Mar Aguilar Martinez, Marina Bosch, Luis García-Catalá, Luis Sánchez-Guillén, Eva Artigau, Nuria Gomez Romeu, David Julià Bergkvist, Beatriz Espina Perez, Olga Morató, Carles Olona, Beatriz Diéguez, Alexander Forero-Torres, Manuel Losada, Segundo Gomez-Abril, Paula Gonzálvez, Rosario Martinez, Sergio Navarro Martínez, Carmen Payá-Llorente, Álvaro Pérez Rubio, Sandra Santarrufina Martinez, Juan Carlos Sebastián Tomás, Ramon Trullenque Juan, Alberto Gegúndez Simón, Paloma Maté, Maria Isabel Prieto-Nieto, Ines Rubio-Perez, Aitor Urbieta, Marina Vicario Bravo, David Abelló, Matteo Frasson, Alvaro Garcia-Granero, Alfredo Abad Gurumeta, Ane Abad-Motos, Elena Lucena-de Pablo, Beatriz Nozal, Javier Ripollés-Melchor, Rut Salvachúa, Esther Ferrero, Luis Garcia-Sancho Tellez, Antonio L. Picardo, Jose Alberto Rojo López, Laura Patricia Zorrilla Matilla, Carmen Cagigas Fernandez, Sonia Castanedo Bezanilla, José Estevez Tesouro, Maria Jose Fernandez-Diaz, Juan García Cardo, Marcos Gomez Ruiz, Erik Gonzalez-Tolaretxipi, Jaime Jimeno Fraile, Cristobal Poch, Montserrat Rodriguez-Aguirre, Noemí Troche Pesqueira, Maria Soledad Trugeda-Carrera, Javier de la Torre, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Eloy Espin-Basany, Martin Espinosa-Bravo, Clara Morales Comas, Eduardo Reyes Afonso, Joaquín Rivero Déniz, Christian Siso Raber, Mireia Verdaguer Tremolosa, Pramodh Chandrasinghe, Sumudu Kumarage, Nimeshi Wijekoon Arachchilage, Ahmed Abdalla Ahmed Elkamel, Mohammed A. Adam, Nina Blomme, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Andreas Älgå, Dhirar Ansarei, Fuat Celebioglu, Göran Heinius, Linda Nigard, Emil Pieniowski, Sandra Ahlqvist, Ida Björklund, Andreas Frånberg, Martina Håkansson, Karin Adamo, Oskar Franklin, Malin Sund, Rebecca Wiberg, Yvette Andersson, Abbas Chabok, Maziar Nikberg, Alexander Kugelberg, Claudia Canonica, Dimitrios Christoforidis, Fabrizio Fasolini, Paolo Gaffuri, Mauro Giuliani, Francesco Meani, Sotirios Georgios Popeskou, Silvia Pozza, Wiebke Wandschneider, Lorenz Peterer, Lukas Werner Widmer, Bernd Zimmermann, Panagiotis Bakoleas, Iris Chanousi, Lydia Charalampidou, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Franziska Heid, Sotirios Ntaoulas, Michail Outos, Georgios Peros, Hanna Podolska-Skoczek, Katharina Beate Reinisch, Christian Zielasek, Nicolas Demartines, Jérôme Gilgien, Amaniel Kefleyesus, Pénélope St-Amour, Arnaud Toussaint, Maryam Alhimyar, Bayan Alsaid, Amr Alyafi, Ahmad Alkhaledi, Basel Kouz, Ahmad Omarain, Yusra Al-Sabbagh, Haya Alkhatib, Samer Sara, Ahmad Alhaj, Aghyad Danial, Lama Kadoura, Sarah Maa Albared, Yamen Monawar, Louei Nahas, Barook Abd, Ahmad Saad, Habib Wakkaf, Hatem Bouzaiene, Montassar Ghalleb, Elif Akaydin, Ata Cem Akbaba, Onur Atakul, Ege Baltaci, Sevval Besli, Gökçen Burgu, Ulukan Cenal, Cansu de Muijnck, Hasan Can Demirkaya, Alper Dogruoz, Zeynep Ipek Gezer, Yasemin Gündogdu, Merve Kara, Hasan Kürsad Korkmaz, Gökalp Kagan Kurtoglu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Ahmet Murat Pektas, Eda Kübra Sel, Nilüfer Yenidünya, Fuat Baris Bengur, Berke Mustafa Oral, Tahir Koray Yozgatli, Seymur Abdullayev, Mehmet Emin Gunes, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Tuba Banaz, Kübra Kargici, Omer Faruk Kuyumcu, Erkan Yanikoglu, Merve Yesilsancak, Duygu Yilmaz, Melik Kagan Aktas, Ahmet Rencuzogullari, Arda Isik, Sezai Leventoglu, Ali Yalçinkaya, Osman Yüksel, Mustafa U Kalayci, Yasin Kara, Inanc Samil Sarici, Alp Akin, Gökçe nur Alemdag, Ekin Arslan, Bahadir Emre Baki, Muhammed Selim Bodur, Adnan Calik, Bahar Candas Altinbas, Irem 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Husain, Elspeth Murray, Ahmed Mustafa, Ashar Asif, Arya Gokul, Max Shah, Mabel Temisanren Akitikori, Alexandros Charalabopoulos, Sophie Davidson, Sinead McNally, Shamil Rupani, Fatema Juma, Sarah Catherine Mills, Laura Muirhead, Kate Sellars, Una Walsh, Oliver Warren, Alice Chambers, Richard Hunt, Stephen Boyce, Hannah Cornwall, Isabel Tol, Eleftherios Orestis Argyriou, Nicola Eardley, Meical Povey, Joanna M S Aithie, Ahmer Irfan, Mari-Claire McGuigan, Robert Starr, Craig Russell Warren, Jess Archibald, Georgia Kirby, Ivan Kisyov, Chun Kheng Khoo, Rachel Lee, Dana Photiou, Rowan Davis, Uday Prasad, P Zichu Yang, Jonathan Bird, Edmund Leung, Virginia Summerour, Chelise Currow, Jianshen Kiam, Gerald Jack Soon Tan, Anitha Muthusami, Ibifunke Pegba-Otemolu, Tomas Urbonas, Joseph Nunoo-Mensah, Edgaras Smolskas, Alex Boddy, Gianpiero Gravante, David Hunter, David Andrew, Amanda Koh, Amari Thompson, Lawrence Adams, Hollie A Clements, Kasun De Silva, Ogbonnia Ekpete, Seraj Haque, Scott Henderson, Bilal Ibrahim, Thummini Jayasinghe, Jennifer Livie, Keir Mailley, Gopikrishnan Nair, Daniel Tan, Caitlin Baggaley, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Bartosz Szyszka, Charlotte Barter, Nirav Gandhi, Karen Hassell, Samantha Hitchin, Jennett Kelsall, Eva Nagy, Ashrafun Nessa, Lisa Whisker, Fady Yanni, Mahmoud Ali, Deeksha Arora, Sunanda Hediwattege, Navam Kumarasinghe, Munir Rathore, Athula Tennakoon, Syed Mustafa Ali Ahmad, Oreoluwa Bajomo, Fahema Nadira, Valerio Celentano, Ewen Griffiths, Rama Santhosh Karri, Jason Kei Chak Mak, Michelle Pipe, Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti, Mohamed Rabie, Connor Boyle, David Hamilton, Aishath Mihuna, James Chean Khun Ng, Gary Nicholson, Agata Oliwa, Robert Pearson, Anna Rose, Shun Qi Yong, Catherine Boereboom, Michael Hanna, Catherine Walter, Thomas Samuel Greensmith, Rachel Mitchell, Eimear Monaghan, James Crawford, Susan Moug, James Blackwell, Hannah Boyd-Carson, Philip Herrod, Omar Al-Allaf, Miriam Beattie, Cameron Bullock, Shivang Burman, Gemma Clark, Nicolas Flamey, Oliver Flannery, Alexander Harding, Ben Kodiatt, Samuel Lawday, Shivani Mahapatra, Navin Mukundu Nagesh, Michael Ng, Dupinderjit Rye, Andrel Yoong, Laura Clark, Chris Deans, Monisha Edirisooriya, Emma Victoria Carrington, Tsz Lun Ernest Wong, Baasil Yusuf, Carla Chamberlain, Kathryn Duke, Elizabeth Kmiotek, Azel Botes, Natalie Condie, Timothy Schrire, Reena Shah, Iolo Thomas-Jones, Charlotte Yates, Natasha Anthony, Edward Matthews, Kapil Sahnan, James Tankel, Sally Tucker, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Paul Ziprin, William Duggan, Anastasia Kantartzi, Shruthi Sridhar, Rachel Alys Khaw, Prakhar Srivastava, Charlotte Underwood, Homero Alves do Canto Brum, Sharat Chopra, Laura Davis, Rebecca Hughes, Joshua Tulley, Justin Alberts, Thomas Athisayaraj, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Kasim Ahmad, Claudia Chan, Gavin Chapman, Hannah Fleming, Benjamin Fox, Julia Grewar, Kate Hulse, Duncan Rutherford, Mackay Sinead, Scott Smith, Doug Speake, Peter G Vaughan-Shaw, Natasha Christodoulides, Simrit Kudhail, Matthew Welch, Syed Muhibullah Husaini, Simon Lambracos, Chikamuche Anyanwu, Rishi Suresh, Jimmy Scott Thomas, Elizabeth Gleeson, Rebecca Platoff, Areeba Saif, Zachary Enumah, Eric Etchill, Alodia Gabre-Kidan, Mitchell Bernstein, Francesco Maria Carrano, Joseph Connors, Patricio Lynn, Marcovalerio Melis, Elliot Newman, Deshka S Foster, Kenneth Perrone, Ashley Titan, Sarwat Ahmad, Andrea Chao M.D. Bafford, Marco Dal Molin, Nader Hanna, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Jane J Wong, Julia Chandler, Lauren Wood, Sherry Wren, Taylor Ottesen, Lucia You, Kristin Yu, María del pilar Arciénega Yañez, Martin Ferreira Fernandes, Daniel González, Santiago Cubas, María Catalina González, Vanessa Zubiaurre, Rodrigo Demolin, Nicolas Giroff, Pablo Sciuto, Maite Campos, Gabriela Rodríguez Cantera, Garg Deepika, Elliot Simuchimba, Anadi Bulaya, Chali Chibuye, Bright Chirengendure, Mary-Rose Kabale, Kizito Kabongo, James Munthali, Oliver Mweso, Francis Pikiti, James Otieno, Log Tung Lai, Brighid Blackman, Sophie Richards, Suren Subramaniam, Rafid Karim, Nathan Kok, Yanni Dion Lee, Shabina Ali, Aanjaneya Sinha, Robert Corrigan, Nicole Barnes, Florence Wong, Grace Dennis, Julia Jedamzik, Emil Phillips, Wivine Piette, Marie Van hentenryck, Houenoukpo Koco, Souliath Lawani, Mamo Woldu Kassa, Tainá Santos Bezerra, Petar Gribnev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Panche Krastev, Sovannarith Oum, Divine Tim Bonghaseh, Maryam Al Farsi, Nourah Alsharqawi, Veronica Acevedo, Andrea Carolina Castillo Barbosa, Felipe Giron, Jimmy Paul Leon Rodriguez, Darko Kucan, Damir Rosko, Neven Barsic, Domagoj Župan, Amgad Hegazi, Vendula Truncíková, Vladimir Fryba, Mostafa Mohamed, Ahmed Sultan, Ahmed Nagi, Abdallah Rashad Temerik, Mohamed Elemam Elshawy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Shrouk Omar, Mohamed Anwar, Tarek Rageh, Aya Elmokadem, Khaled Gaballa, Sandra Teppo, Antti Turunen, Pasi Pengermä, Quentin Ballouhey, Damien Bergeat, Ariane Weyl, Elisabeth Hain, Adam Gyedu, Edwin Yenli, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Vaia-Aliki Rompou, Athanasios Zoikas, Apostolos Gaitanidis, Georgios Koukis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Panagiotis Tavlas, Konstantinos Galanos-Demiris, George Zografos, Ioannis Karavokyros, Georgia Xanthopoulou, Eirini Iordanidou, Fernanda Ayau, Allan Garcia, Pekli Damján, Deepender Wason, Ashika B L, Ervandy Rangganata, Prerna Kamath, Donal B O'Connor, Margherita Pinto, Fabrizio Perrone, Francesca Paola Tropeano, Francesca Troilo, Daniela Bossi, Dario Scala, Lucrezia Pulitanò, Marcella Carella, Andrea Pietrabissa, Alice Gori, Giorgio Giraudo, Veronica De Simone, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Bartolomeo Braccio, Raed Al-Taher, Sarah Athamneh, Andrea Parker, Adnan Sawiee, Amina Kattia, Malik Salem, Osama Tababa, Zuhour Shaeeb, Vilius Syminas, Jonas Jurgaitis, Gyte Damuleviciene, Saulius Svagzdys, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja Razafimanjato, Ling Chieng Loo, Ing Ching Tiong, Wan Farahiyah Wan Muhmad, Harinthiran Vijeyan, Teoh Li Ying, Gabriella Grech, Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Vania Brickelia Jimenez Ley, Daniel Arizpe, Elizabeth Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth Victoria Castro López, Jose Eaazim, Marije Gordinou de Gouberville, Vivian Bastiaenen, Simone Rottier, Fouad Nahab, Maria Yeonhee Ji, Mohammed Seyoji, Callistus Nwachukwu, Okechukwu Emeghara, Sayyid Egbunu Muhammed, Ayodeji Idowu, Olamiposi Sowemimo, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Oluwatosin Akande, Alexander Lott, Maliha Nadeem, Ahsan Ali Laghari, Asif Loya, Hassan Mushtaq, Muhammad Tariq Abdullah, Baseel Abuhilal, Mohammad Atawneh, Hamdan Hamdan, Belal Alhabil, Abedelrahman Srour, Ibrahim Mousa, Luis Da Silva Medina, Katarzyna Bartosiak, Pedro Ferreira, Vítor Francisco, Ricardo Lemos, Luísa Frutuoso, Sara Fernandes, Telma Fonseca, Jorge Pereira, Juan Rachadell, Ana Torre, Filipe Madeira Martins, Ana Cristina Carvalho, Joana Rodrigues Ferreira, Bruno Ribeiro da Silva, Helena Devesa, Ana Vieira, Inês Mónica, Margarida Amaro, Diogo Sousa, Marta Reia, João Louro, Ana Martins, Joaquina Dominguez, Inês Santos, Nuno Miguel Freitas Oliveira, José Carlos Pereira, Pedro Silva-Vaz, Ligia Freire, Ricardo Escrevente, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Dmitry Shakhmatov, Yves Nezerwa, Radosav Radulovic, Gareth Obery, Francois Viljoen, Tome Mendes, Antonio Suarez, Enrique Moncada, Maria Fernandez-Hevia, Carolina Curtis Martínez, Julia Maria Gil Garcia, Mariana González Zunzarren, Tarig Idris, Karolina Eklöv, Oskar Grahn, Leila Amin, Malin Blomqvist, Costanza Ajani, Rebecca Kraus, Nico Seeger, Melissa Willemin, Fadi Rayya, Mohammad Ayash, Raneem Msouti, Israa Kannas, Eias Abazid, Asil Esper, Skander Slim, Akil Serdar Kavcar, Erman Aytac, Ahmet Cem Dural, Ayse Ilker, Ismail Cem Eray, Eray Kurnaz, Saygin Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can Sahin, Evrim Savli, Aryon Innocent, Lilian Babirye, Andrii Diachenko, Vladislav Hordoskiy, Heather Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry Robertson, Arin Mahmoud, Hannah Lennon, Lynette Loi, Emily Kirkham, Cameron McCann, Daniel Watts, Binay Gurung, Michael Wilson, Thomas Tribedi, Eleonora Garofalo, Baryab Zahra, Scott MacDonald, Ian Daniels, Nathan Ng, Shivun Khosla, James Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri Suresh, Jack Wellington, Emmanuel Lorejo, Mafdi Mossaad, Madison Crutcher, Marjan Alimi, Ioana Baiu, Hossam Abdou, Alison Conway, Connor Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley Zulu, Mildred Nakazwe, Sule Burger, Justine Davies, Rachel Donaldson, Chikwendu Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo Lesetedi, Charles Mabedi, Laura Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex Makupe, Mark Monahan, Soloman Mulira, Elmi Muller, Jospeh Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey Roberts, Martin Smith, Viki Tayler, John Windsor, Raul Yepez, Sudha Sundar, Emmy Runigamugabo, Azmina Verjee, José Chen, Leonid Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr Hammani, Sarah Honjo, Rebecca Jacobs, Hitomi Kimura, Mugisha Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh Srinivas, Chia-Yen Sung, Aswan Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara Venturini, Jean Wilguens Lartigue, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Service de chirurgie, Knight S.R., Shaw C.A., Pius R., Drake T.M., Norman L., Ademuyiwa A.O., Adisa A.O., Aguilera M.L., Al-Saqqa S.W., Al-Slaibi I., Bhangu A., Biccard B.M., Brocklehurst P., Costas-Chavarri A., Chu K., Dare A., Elhadi M., Fairfield C.J., Fitzgerald J.E., Ghosh D., Glasbey J., van Berge Henegouwen M.I., Ingabire J.C.A., Kingham T.P., Lapitan M.C., Lawani I., Lieske B., Lilford R., Martin J., Mclean K.A., Moore R., Morton D., Nepogodiev D., Ntirenganya F., Pata F., Pinkney T., Qureshi A.U., Ramos-De la Medina A., Riad A., Salem H.K., Simoes J., Spence R., Smart N., Tabiri S., Thomas H., Weiser T.G., West M., Whitaker J., Harrison E.M., Gjata A., Modolo M.M., King S., Chan E., Nahar S.N., Waterman A., Vervoort D., Bedada A.G., De Azevedo B., Figueiredo A.G., Sokolov M., 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Altinel Y., Doe M., Freigofer M., Teasdale E., Kabariti R., Clements J.M., Ashfaq A., Azodo I., Wagner G., Trostchansky I., Maimbo M., Linyama D., Nina H., Zeko A., Fermani C.G., Villalobos S., Carballo F., Farina P., Guckenheimer S., Dickfos M., Ajmera A., Chong C., Gourlay R., Hussaini S., Lee Y.J., Majid A., Martin P., Miles R., Morris O.J., Phua J., Ridley W., Saluja T., Tan R.R., Teh J., Wells A., Arora B., Dollie Q., Ho D., Ma Y., Perera O.M., Truong A., Dawson A.C., Lim B., Pahalawatta U., Phan J., Woon-Shoo-Tong X.-M.S., Yeoh A., Charman L., Drane A., Laura S., Lo C.C.W., Mozes A., Poon R., Tan H.H., Wall E., Chopra P., De Giovanni J., Dhital B., Draganic B., Duller A., Gani J., Goh Y.K., Jeong J.Y., McManus B., Nagappan P., Pockney P., Rugendyke A., Sarrami M., Smith S., Wills V., Wong H.V., Ye G., Zhang G., Brooker E., Feng D., Lau B., Ngai C., Birks S., Gyorki D., Otero de Pablos J., Abbosh A., Gillespie C., Mahmoud A., Kwan B., Lawson J., Warwick A., Bingham J., Cockbain A.J., Dudi-Venkata N.N., Ellaby-Hall J., Finlay B., Humphries E., Pisaniello J., Pisaniello M., Salih S., Sammour T., Abd Wahab H.H., De Silva A., Hayward N., Iyer K., Maddern G., Prevost G.A., Annapureddy N., Settipalli K.P., Yeo J., Hempenstall L., Pham L., Purcell S., Talavera C., Vaska A.I., Chaggar G., Chrapko P., Cocco A., Coulter-Nile S.M.C.J., Ctercteko G., French J., Gong H., Gosselink M., Jegathees T., Jin I., Kalachov M., Kiefhaber K., Lee K., Luong J., Phan S., Pleass H., Veale K., Zeng Z., Au A., DeBiasio A., Deng I., Myooran J., Nair A., Stewart P., Stift A., Unger L.W., Wimmer K., Ahmed N., Hasan S., Rahman S., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Peters A., Perduca P., Pulcina G., Tinton N., Buxant F., Dabin E., Garofalo G., Dossou F., Gnangnon F.H.R., Imorou Souaibou Y., Motlaleselelo P., Tlhomelang O., Lima Buarque I., Mendonca Ataide Gomes G., Vieira Barros A., Batashki I., Damianov N., Stoyanov V., Dardanov D., Maslyankov S., Petkov P., Todorov G., Zhivkov E., Akisheva A., Castilla Moreno M.A., Genov G., Ilieva I., Ivanov T., Karamanliev M., Khan A., Mitkov E., Yotsov T., Atanasov B., Belev N., Slavchev M., Nsengiyumva C., Jones E., Stock S., Kyota S., Brown J., Mabanza K. T., Nigo Samuel L., Otuneme C., Prosper N., Umenze F., Boutros M., Caminsky N., Dumitra S., Garfinkle R., Morency D., Salama E., Banks A., Ferri L., He H., Katz A., Liberman A.S., Meterissian S., Pang A., Parvez E., Hameed U., Osman F., Sequeira S., Coburn N., Jaffer A., Karanicolas P., Mosseler M., Musselman R., Liu X., Yip C.W., Garces-Otero J.S., Guzman C., Sierra S., Uribe Valencia A., Cabrera Rivera P.A., Camelo S., Gonzalez A., Gonzalez-Orozco A., Mosquera Paz M.S., Perez Rivera C.J., Gonzalez F., Isaza-Restrepo A., Nino- Torres L., Arias Madrid N., Mendoza Arango M.C., Tsandiraki J., Jemendzic D., Kocman B., Suman O., Canic R., Jurisic D., Karakas I., Krizanovic Rupcic A., Pitlovic V., Samardzic J., Kopljar M., Bacic I., Domini E., Karlo R., Miljanic D., Simic A., Ahmed M., Al Nassrallah M., Altaf R., Amjad T., Eltoum R., Haidar H., Hassan A., Khalil O., Qasem M., Ramesh R., Sajith G., Wisal M., Zatecky J., Bujda M., Jirankova K., Paclik A., Abdallah A., Abdulgawad Almogy M., Ayman El-sawy E., ElFayoumy A.M., Elghareeb N., Esmat N.A., Fadel A., Habater A., Hamdy H., Hefni A., Kamal M., Mohamed Abobakr N., Sayed A., Shaker N., Taha E., Tharwat H., Zakaria O., Abdelmotaleb I., Al-Dhufri A., Al-Himyari H.S., El sheikh E., Eldmaty A., Elkhalawy A., M.Elkhashen A., Magdy K., Mostafa S., Sadia H.D., Saleh M.M., Samir D., Yahia Mohamed Ali M., A. Nassar M., Abdelhady S., Abdelrazek A., Abdelsalam I., El-Sawy A., Essam E., Gadelkarim M., Ghaly K., Hassabalnaby M., Masarani R., Mohamed Shaaban N., Sabry A., Salem M., Soliman N.A., Zahran D., Abou El.soud M.R., Badr E.T., Borham H., Elmeslemany N., Elsayed M., Elsherif F., Eslam S., Gaber G., Ibrahim S., Kamh Y., Mohamed S.G., Morshedy E., Omar C., Salem Soliman F., Abdelkawy S., Abdelmohsen N., Abdelshakour M., Dahy A., Gamal N., Gamal M., Hasan A., Hetta H., Mousa N., Omar M., Rabie S., Saad M., Saleh B., Sayed Mohamed M., Shawqi M., Abdelhady Mousa H., Alnoury M., Elbealawy M., Elshafey A., Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed M., Ghonaim M., Hgag F., Ibrahim M., Morsy M., Reda Loaloa M., Refaat A., Samir H., Shahien F., Sobhy M., Sroor F., Abdellatif E., Adel M., Afifi A.A., Afifi E., Antaky M., Dawoud A., El Zoghby N., El-remaily A., Elzanfaly A.A., Gadallah A., Gamal F.A., Hashem O., Medhat Youssef S., Muhammad Attyah A., Munir M., Shazly O., Wilson K., Adel S., Ali A., Eid E., Elhelow E., Elmahdy M., Elshatby B., Hossam el-din Zakaria A., Hossny A., Ibrahim E., M.Yonis A., Metwalli M., Yousry B., Zid E., A Yacoub M., Abdelhakim A., Abouelsoad N., Alkhatib M., Ashraf A., Elazab Y., Elfanty M., Elkabir O., Elshimy A., Elsobky H., Eskander J., Gad A., Hamsho W., Khaled Abdelwahed N., Magdy M., Moharam D., Osama A., Ramadan S., Roum R., Sayed T., Shehada T., Zidan A.M., Abbas K., Attia M., Balata M., El Nakeeb A., Elewaily M.I.E., Elfallal A., Elfeki H., Elkhadragy A., Emile S., Ezzat H., Hosni H., Mansour I., Omar W., Othman G., Sadek K., Shalaby M., Shehab-Eldeen N., Anas khalifa R., Badr H., Eldeep M., Eldeep A., Eldoseuky mohammed A., Khallaf S., Magdy Hegazy E., Mahmoud R., Mikhail P., Morsi M., Mowafy S., Raafat D., Safy A., Sera M., Sera A.S., AbdAllah M.S.M., Abdelkader M., Abdou A.O., Ahmed A., Gaafar S., Ibrahim negm F., Lapic M., Maher A., Mahmoud H., Mostafa A., Samir M., Samy F., Semeda N., Shalaby H.I., El-taweel A., Galal Elnagar A., 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T., Ioannidis A., Konstantinidis K., Konstantinidou S., Machairas N., Paspala A., Prodromidou A., Chouliaras C., Papadopoulos K., Baloyiannis I., Mamaloudis I., Tzovaras G., Akrida I., Argentou M.-I., Germanos S., Iliopoulos E., Maroulis I., Skroubis G., Theofanis G., Chatzakis C., Ioannidis O., Loutzidou L., Karathanasis P., Michalopoulos N., Theodoropoulos C., Theodorou D., Triantafyllou T., Garoufalia Z., Hasemaki N., Kontos M., Kouraklis G., Kykalos S., Liakakos T., Mpaili E., Papalampros A., Schizas D., Syllaios A., Tampaki E.C., Tsimpoukelis A., Antonopoulou M.I., Deskou E., Manatakis D.K., Papageorgiou D., Zoulamoglou M., Anthoulakis C., Margaritis M., Nikoloudis N., Campo V., Ceballos A., Flores M.-A., Giron W., Ko D., Martinez G., Rivera Lara V., Rueda N., Sanchez A., Tejeda Garrido J.C.G., Alvarez Rivera A.E., Bamaca Ixcajoc E.B., Barreda Zelaya L.E., Chacon-Herrera P., Corea Ruiz L.M., Echeverria-Davila G., Garcia M., Garcia D., Gutierrez Mayen E.F., Jose N., Mazariegos N., 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S., Alherz M., Ather M., Bajilan M., Graziadei V., Pilkington I., Quidwai O., Ridgway P., Shiwani H., Tahir A.A.-R., Blunnie E., Burke D., Kennedy N., Macdonagh K., O'Neill M., Rooney S., Falco G., Ferrari G., Mele S., Nita G.E., Ugoletti L., Zizzo M., Confalonieri G., Pesenti G., Tagliabue F., Baronio G., Ongaro D., Pata G., Compagnoni B., Salvadori R., Taglietti L., D'Alessandro N., Di Lascio P., Pascale G., Bortolasi L., Campagnaro T., Carlini M., Lisi G., Lombardi D., Pedrazzani C., Spoletini D., Turri G., Violi P., Altomare D.F., Aquilino F., Musa N., Papagni V., Picciariello A., Vincenti L., Andreotti D., Occhionorelli S., Tondo M., Basso S.M.M., Cirelli R., Maino M.E.M., Piozzi G.N., Picone E., Scaramuzzo R., Sinibaldi G., Amendola A., Anastasio L., Bucci L., Caruso E., Castaldi A., Di Maso S., Dinuzzi V.P., Esposito G., Gaudiello M., Giglio M.C., Greco P.A., Luglio G., Manfreda A., Marra E., Mastella F., Pagano G., Peltrini R., Pepe V., Sacco M., Sollazzo V., Spiezio G., Cianchetti E., Menduni N., Carvello M.M., Di Candido F., Spinelli A., Corsi F., Sorrentino L., Marino F., Asti E.L.G., Bonavina L., Rausa E., Asta M., Belli A., Bianco F., Cervone C., Delrio P., Falato A., Fares Bucci A., Guarino R., Pace U., Rega D., De Luca E., Gallo G., Sammarco G., Sena G., Vescio G., Santandrea L., Ugolini G., Zattoni D., Chetta N., Logrieco G., Vanella S., Garulli G., Zanini N., Bondurri A., Cammarata F., Colombo F., Foschi D., Lamperti G.M.B., Maffioli A., Sampietro G.M., Yakushkina A., Zaffaroni G., Cicuttin E., Sibilla M.G., Impellizzeri H., Inama M., Moretto G., Mochet S., Ponte E., Usai A., Mancini S., Sagnotta A., Solinas L., Bolzonaro E., Tamini N., Curletti G., Galleano R., Malerba M., Campanella S., Cocorullo G., Colli F., De Marco P., Falco N., Fontana T., Kamdem Mambou L.J., La Brocca A., Licari L., Randisi B., Rizzo G., Rotolo G., Salamone G., Tutino R., Venturelli P., Malabarba S., Sgro A., Vella I., Cirillo B., Crocetti D., De Toma G., Lapolla P., Mingoli A., Sapienza P., Belvedere A., Bianchini S., Binetti M., Birindelli A., Tonini V., Podda M., Pulighe F., De Rosa M., Bono L., Borghi F., Geretto P., Giuffrida M.C., Lauro C., Marano A., Pellegrino L., Salusso P., Sasia D., Campanelli M., Realis Luc A., Trompetto M., Cardia R., Cillara N., Giordano A.N., Costanzo A., Giovilli M.A., Turati L., Canonico S., Sciaudone G., Selvaggi F., Selvaggi L., Albsoul N., AlBsoul A., Alkhatib A.A., Alsallaq O., Amarin J.Z., Ayoub R., Bsisu I., El Muhtaseb M.S., Jabaiti M., Melhem J., Qwaider Y.Z., Salameh M.H., Suleihat A., Suradi H.H., Alammarin M., Aljaafreh A., Bani hani M., Bani hani Z., Bani Hani F., Fahmawee T., Hamouri S., Katanani C., Tawalbeh R., Tawalbeh T., Zawahrah H., Abou Chaar M.K., Abusalem L., Al-Masri M., Al-Najjar H., Barghuthi L., Ahmed Z., Maulana A., Ngotho O., Kamau C., Stanley Mwenda A., Bosire F., Mwachiro E., Parker R., Simel I., Sylvester K., Althini A.A.M., Elbarouni S., Elbeshina A.E., Gwea A., Malek A., Masoud Farag W.A., Abdalei A., Abdel Malik A.B., Abo-khammash A., Abuhlaiga M., Adnan N., Albaggar M., Alfitory A., Aljanfi A., Almuzghi F., Altumei Z., Alzabti F., Ashoushan H., Assalhi M., Azzubia J., Bnhameida S., Delhen M., Elshafei H., Elteir H., Esbaga F., Gobbi A.A., Hamouda F., Hilan H., Ismail R., Jebran F., Kasbour M., Maderi G., Mohammad S., Mohammed B., Murtadi H., Mustafa H., Rajab M., Trenba S., Wafaa M., Al Sagheir E., Almigheerbi A., Alzahaf A., Bahroun S.G., Ben Dallah N., Elshaibani M., Eswaye H., Karar M., Omar S., Younes E., Younes M., Zreeg D., Abujamra S., Ashour F., Elgammudi M., Omar F. Aljadidi W., Saddouh E., Sharif R., Alabuzidi A., Alwerfally A., Aribi S., Bibas F., Elfaituri T., Elhajjaji Y., Khaled A., Khalil W., Layas T., Soula E., Tarek A., Abu hallalah M.F.K., Ahmed H.A., Alsharef T., Ben Saoud A.A., El Gharmoul T., Elhadi A., Elrais S., Shebani A., Zarti H., Zeiton A., Ambrazevicius M., Kaselis N., Stakyte M., Aliosin O., Cizauskaite A., Dailidenas S., Eismontas V., Kybransiene M., Nutautiene V., Samalavicius N., Simcikas D., Slepavicius A., Tamosiunas A., Ubartas N., Zeromskas P., Bradulskis S., Dainius E., Juocas J., Kubiliute E., Kutkevicius J., Opolskis A., Parseliunas A., Subocius A., Virbickaite E., Zuikyte D., Bogusevicius A., Buzaite K., Cepuliene D., Cesleviciene I., Cesna V., Gribauskaite J., Ignatavicius P., Jokubauskas M., Liugailaite M., Margelis E., Mazelyte R., Pankratjevaite L., Pazusis M., Rackeviciute A., Saladyte J., Skimelyte M., Slenfuktas V., Sudeikyte M., Tamelis A., Vanagas T., Zumbakys Z., Atkociunas A., Dulskas A., Kuliavas J., Birutis J., Paskevicius S., Satkauskas M., Danys D., Jakubauskas M., Jakubauskiene L., Kryzauskas M., Lipnickas V., Makunaite G., Rasoaherinomenjanahary F., Rasolofonarivo H., Samison L.H., Banda B., Msosa V., Ahmad Izzuddin A.I., Das A., Gan Y.Y., Shong Sheng T., Siaw J.Y., Ab Rahim M.F., Abang Jamari D.Z.H., Che Husin N., Kamarulzaman M.Y., Lim Y.P., Mohamed Kamil N.A., Mohd Hassan M.R., Mohd Sahid S., Mustafa J., Ng E.H.B., Wan Khazim W.K., Chang Ern N., Lingeshan P.G., Sulaiman S.E., Ang S.E., Bin Mohamad Sithik M.N., Cheong Y.J., Deva Tata M., Jia Xian L., Kadravello A., Koh I.-E., Ng L.-Y., Ng We Yong Y.J., Palayan K., Sam C.X., Siow Jin P., Tan Ern Hwei J., Tang Y., Ter A.Z., Wong M.P.-K., Zakaria A.D., Zakaria Z., Henry F., Kalaiselvan T., Abd Karim M.F.S., Abdul Aziz M.R., Abdul Aziz N., Khong T.L., Lau P.C., Lim H.C., Roslani A.C., Seak J.C.K., Wong S.-W., Wong L.F., Yeen Chin L., Anyanwu M.C., Busuttil Z., Calleja T., Chircop K.L., Cutajar R., Dimech A.M., Galea J., Gascon Perai K., Gatt R., Kelman L., Micallef E., Nwolu F., Sammut K., Thompson J., Warwicker S., Zammit M., Cordera F., Cruz Gonzalez E., Sanchez-Garcia J., Barbosa Camacho F.J., Barrera Lopez F.J., Zuloaga Fernandez del Valle C.J., Acosta E., Gonzalez Espinoza I.R., Moreno P., Cortes-Flores A.O., Fuentes Orozco C., Gonzalez Ojeda A., Corro Diaz Gonzalez S., Martinez L., Mosqueda Amador B., Novoa A., Olazo Espejo D.A., Jimenez A., Lopez Rosales F., Vanoye E.G., Garcia Gonzalez L.A., Miranda-Ackerman R.C., Solano-Genesta M., Alvarez-Cano A., Romero-Garza H.H., Medina-Franco H., Mejia-Fernandez L., Salgado-Nesme N., Vergara-Fernandez O., Gutierrez-Mota G.M., Hernandez Vera F.X., Llantada Lopez A., Morgan Villela G., Ramirez Padilla F.D.J., Tapia Marin W., Martinez Maldonado M., Sanchez Suarez R., Troche J.M., Benyaiche C., Outani O., Amine S., Benkabbou A., Majbar A.M., Mohsine R., Rafik A., Oung T., Tin M.M., Plarre P., Alberga A., Sluiter N., Tuynman J., Blok R., Comert D., Hompes R., Kalff M., Stellingwerf M.E., Tanis P., van Berge Henegouwen M., van Praag E.M., Wisselink D., Gerhards M., Lopes Cardozo J., Westerduin E., de Jonge J., van Geloven A., van Schilt K., den Boer F., Stoots S., Vlek S., Adams J., Al-Busaidi I.S., Budd G., Choi S.I., Chu M.J.J., Ganugapati A., McKinstry L., Pascoe R., Richards S., Rosser K., Stevenson A., White R., Farik S., Kwun J., Murad A., Cowan S., Hall T., Hayton M., Malam Sani L., Oumarou Garba S., Amadou Magagi I., Habou O., Aliyu H., Daniyan M., Sholadoye T.T., Abdullahi L., Anyanwu L.-J., Mohammad Mohammad A., Muhammad A.B., Sheshe A.A., Suleiman I., Adesina A., Awolowo A., Onuoha C., Salami O., Taiwo O., Taiwo A., Kache S., Makama J.G., Sale D., Abiola O., Ajao A., Ajiboye A., Etonyeaku A., Olaogun J., Adebanjo A., Adesanya O., Afolayan M.O., Balogun O., Makanjuola A., Nwokocha S., Ojewola R.W., Olajide T.O., Aderounmu A., Adesunkanmi A.-R., Agbakwuru A., Akeem Aderogba A., Alatise O.I., Arowolo O., Lawal O., Mohammed T., Ndegbu C., Olasehinde O., Wuraola F., Akinkuolie A., Mosanya A., Ayandipo O., Elemile P., Lawal T.A., Ali SANI S., Garba S., Hauwa SANI R., Olori S., Onyebuashi H., Umoke I., Adenuga A., Adeyeye A., Habeeb O., Lawal B., Nasir A., Aahlin E.K., Kjonas D., Myrseth E., Abbasy J., Alvi A., Saleem O., Afzal A., Nazir A., Farooq M., Liaqat A., Naqi S.A., Raza A., Sarfraz M., Sarwar M., Banglani M., Munir A., Sehrish R., Ayub B., Sayyed R., Altaf A., Ayub S., Saeed K., Syed B., Akbar S.A., Anwer A.W., Khan R.N., Khan A.I., Khattak S., Mohtasham S., Parvaiz M.A., Syed A.A., Ansari A.B., Shahzad N., Khaliq T., Rashid I., Waqar S.H., Abu Al-saleem H., Abu Alqumboz A., Alqadi M., Amro A., Assa R., Awesat E., Ayyad R., Hammad M., Haymony A., Hijazi B., Hmeidat B., Lahaseh R., Qawasmi A., Rajabi A., Shehada M., Shkokani S., Yaghi Y., Yaghi N., AlZohour M., Farid M., Habes Y.M., Juba W., Nubani Y., Rabee A., Sa'deh M., Abed S., Al basos I., Alswerki M., Ashour D., Awad I., Diab S., El Jamassi A., El-Kahlout S., 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A., Abu shua'ib R., Abu Zainah B., AbuSirrees M., Babaa B., Barhoush O., Belal qadomi A., Daraghmeh L., Haji R., Khatatbeh A., Khatib L., Qarariah S., Quzmar Y., Safadi K., Salameh R., Hassan M., Herzallah S., Massad L., Nazzal A., Nazzal R., Escobar D., Machain V G.M., Rodriguez Gonzalez A., Chachaima Mar J.E., Chinchihualpa Paredes N.O., Cuba V., Lopez W., Niquen Jimenez M.M., Sanchez Bartra N.A., Sapallanay Ojeda O., Sequeiros D., Toscano Pacheco A., Vergara M., Abarca S., Alcorta R., Borda-Luque G., Eusebio Zegarra I.E., Lujan Lopez C., Marrufo M., Mogrovejo C., Nomura A., Rodriguez Angeles Y., Vidal Meza M.R., Zavala G., Castillo Arrascue J.N., Hidrogo Cabrera J.C., Larrea vera J.J.M., Osorio M., Ylatoma Diaz E.A., Fontanilla M.A., Fuentes J.R., Salazar A.L., Dominguez G., Lopez M.P., Macalindong S., Onglao M.A., Ramirez A., Sacdalan M.D., Tampo M.M., Uy G.L., Mangahas J., Yabut K., Canete J.P., Cansana B.E., Castro E.J., Lipana M.K., Roxas M.F., Zara V.J., Chrol M., Franczak P., 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F., Panieri E., Rayamajhi S., van Wyngaard T., Warden C., Madiba T.E., Pillay N., Brooks S., Kruger C., Van Der Merwe L.H., Gool F., Kariem M., Bougard H., Kariem N., Noor F., Pillay R., Steynfaardt L., Gonzalez Gonzalez L., Marin Santos J.M., Martin-Borregon P., Martinez Caballero J., Nevado Garcia C., Rodriguez Fraga P., De Castro Parga G., Fernandez Veiga M.P., Garrido Lopez L., Infante Pino H., Lages Cal I., Lopez Otero M., Nogueira Sixto M., Paniagua Garcia Senorans M., Rodriguez Fernandez L., Ruano Poblador A., Rufo Crespo E., Sanchez-Santos R., Vigorita V., Alonso Batanero E., Asnel D., Cifrian Canales I., Contreras Saiz E., De Santiago Alvarez I., Diaz Vico T., Fernandez Arias S., Fernandez Martinez D., Garcia Bernardo C., Garcia Florez L.J., Garcia Gutierrez C., Garcia Munar M., Marquez Zorrilla Molina C.A., Merayo M., Michi Campos J.L., Moreno Gijon M., Otero-Diez J.L., Rodicio Miravalles J.L., Solar-Garcia L., Suarez Sanchez A., Truan N., Alejandre Villalobos C., Caballero Diaz Y., Jimenez M., Montesdeoca D., Navarro-Sanchez A., Vega V., Beltran de Heredia J., Gomez Z., Jezieniecki C., Legido Moran A.P., Montes-Manrique M., Rodriguez-Lopez M., Ruiz Soriano M., Trujillo Diaz J., Vazquez Fernandez A., Argudo N., Pera M., Torrent Jansa L., Garcia Dominguez M., Goded I., Roldon Golet M., Talal El-Abur I., Utrilla Fornals A., Zambrana Campos V., Aguilar Martinez M.D.M., Bosch M., Garcia-Catala L., Sanchez-Guillen L., Artigau E., Gomez Romeu N., Julia Bergkvist D., Espina Perez B., Morato O., Olona C., Dieguez B., Forero-Torres A., Losada M., Gomez-Abril S., Gonzalvez P., Martinez R., Navarro Martinez S., Paya-Llorente C., Perez Rubio A., Santarrufina Martinez S., Sebastian Tomas J.C., Trullenque Juan R., Gegundez Simon A., Mate P., Prieto-Nieto M.I., Rubio-Perez I., Urbieta A., Vicario Bravo M., Abello D., Frasson M., Garcia-Granero A., Abad Gurumeta A., Abad-Motos A., Lucena-de Pablo E., Nozal B., Ripolles-Melchor J., Salvachua R., Ferrero E., Garcia-Sancho 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Adam M., Blomme N., Thorell A., Wogensen F., Alga A., Ansarei D., Celebioglu F., Heinius G., Nigard L., Pieniowski E., Ahlqvist S., Bjorklund I., Franberg A., Hakansson M., Adamo K., Franklin O., Sund M., Wiberg R., Andersson Y., Chabok A., Nikberg M., Kugelberg A., Canonica C., Christoforidis D., Fasolini F., Gaffuri P., Giuliani M., Meani F., Popeskou S.G., Pozza S., Wandschneider W., Peterer L., Widmer L.W., Zimmermann B., Bakoleas P., Chanousi I., Charalampidou L., Grochola L.F., Heid F., Ntaoulas S., Outos M., Peros G., Podolska-Skoczek H., Reinisch K.B., Zielasek C., Demartines N., Gilgien J., Kefleyesus A., St-Amour P., Toussaint A., Alhimyar M., Alsaid B., Alyafi A., Alkhaledi A., Kouz B., Omarain A., Al-Sabbagh Y., Alkhatib H., Sara S., Alhaj A., Danial A., Kadoura L., Maa Albared S., Monawar Y., Nahas L., Abd B., Saad A., Wakkaf H., Bouzaiene H., Ghalleb M., Akaydin E., Akbaba A.C., Atakul O., Baltaci E., Besli S., Burgu G., Cenal U., de Muijnck C., Demirkaya H.C., Dogruoz 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V., Bruce E., Chow B.L., Iddles E., McGuckin S., Newall N., Ramsay G., Sharma P., Stewart C., Wong J., Badran A., Bath M., Belais F., Butt E., Joshi K., Kapur M., Shaw M., Townson A., Williams C.Y.K., Gray T., Greig R., Husain M., Murray E., Mustafa A., Asif A., Gokul A., Shah M., Akitikori M.T., Charalabopoulos A., Davidson S., McNally S., Rupani S., Juma F., Mills S.C., Muirhead L., Sellars K., Walsh U., Warren O., Chambers A., Hunt R., Boyce S., Cornwall H., Tol I., Argyriou E.O., Eardley N., Povey M., Aithie J.M.S., Irfan A., McGuigan M.-C., Starr R., Warren C.R., Archibald J., Kirby G., Kisyov I., Khoo C.K., Lee R., Photiou D., Davis R., Prasad U., Yang P.Z., Bird J., Leung E., Summerour V., Currow C., Kiam J., Tan G.J.S., Muthusami A., Pegba-Otemolu I., Urbonas T., Nunoo-Mensah J., Smolskas E., Boddy A., Gravante G., Hunter D., Andrew D., Koh A., Thompson A., Adams L., Clements H.A., De Silva K., Ekpete O., Haque S., Henderson S., Ibrahim B., Jayasinghe T., Livie J., Mailley K., 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Chibuye C., Chirengendure B., Kabale M.-R., Kabongo K., Munthali J., Mweso O., Pikiti F., Otieno J., Lai L.T., Blackman B., Subramaniam S., Karim R., Kok N., Lee Y.D., Ali S., Sinha A., Corrigan R., Barnes N., Wong F., Dennis G., Jedamzik J., Phillips E., Piette W., Van hentenryck M., Koco H., Lawani S., Kassa M.W., Santos Bezerra T., Gribnev P., Dimitrov D., Krastev P., Oum S., Bonghaseh D.T., Al Farsi M., Alsharqawi N., Acevedo V., Castillo Barbosa A.C., Giron F., Leon Rodriguez J.P., Kucan D., Rosko D., Barsic N., Zupan D., Hegazi A., Truncikova V., Fryba V., Mohamed M., Nagi A., Rashad Temerik A., Elshawy M.E., Mahmoud M.I., Anwar M., Rageh T., Elmokadem A., Gaballa K., Teppo S., Pengerma P., Ballouhey Q., Bergeat D., Weyl A., Hain E., Gyedu A., Yenli E., Osei-Poku D., Rompou V.-A., Zoikas A., Gaitanidis A., Koukis G., Perivoliotis K., Tavlas P., Galanos-Demiris K., Zografos G., Karavokyros I., Xanthopoulou G., Iordanidou E., Ayau F., Garcia A., Damjan P., Wason D., B L A., Rangganata E., Kamath P., O'Connor D.B., Pinto M., Perrone F., Tropeano F.P., Troilo F., Bossi D., Scala D., Pulitano L., Carella M., Pietrabissa A., Gori A., Giraudo G., De Simone V., Russo A.A., Braccio B., Al-Taher R., Athamneh S., Parker A., Sawiee A., Kattia A., Tababa O., Shaeeb Z., Syminas V., Jurgaitis J., Damuleviciene G., Svagzdys S., Razafimanjato N.N.M., Chieng Loo L., Tiong I.C., Wan Muhmad W.F., Vijeyan H., Li Ying T., Grech G., Arrangoiz R., Jimenez Ley V.B., Arizpe D., Lagunes Lara E., Castro Lopez E.V., Eaazim J., Gordinou de Gouberville M., Bastiaenen V., Rottier S., Nahab F., Ji M.Y., Seyoji M., Nwachukwu C., Emeghara O., Muhammed S.E., Idowu A., Sowemimo O., Ogundoyin O., Akande O., Lott A., Nadeem M., Laghari A.A., Loya A., Mushtaq H., Abdullah M.T., Abuhilal B., Atawneh M., Hamdan H., Alhabil B., Srour A., Mousa I., Da Silva Medina L., Bartosiak K., Ferreira P., Francisco V., Lemos R., Frutuoso L., Fernandes S., Fonseca T., Pereira J., Rachadell J., Torre A., 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S.Y.P., Suresh G., Wellington J., Lorejo E., Mossaad M., Crutcher M., Alimi M., Baiu I., Abdou H., Conway A., Peck C., Perdomo Perez M.A., Zulu S., Nakazwe M., Knight, S. R., Shaw, C. A., Pius, R., Drake, T. M., Norman, L., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Adisa, A. O., Aguilera, M. L., Al-Saqqa, S. W., Al-Slaibi, I., Bhangu, A., Biccard, B. M., Brocklehurst, P., Costas-Chavarri, A., Chu, K., Dare, A., Elhadi, M., Fairfield, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. E., Ghosh, D., Glasbey, J., van Berge Henegouwen, M. I., Ingabire, J. C. A., Kingham, T. P., Lapitan, M. C., Lawani, I., Lieske, B., Lilford, R., Martin, J., Mclean, K. A., Moore, R., Morton, D., Nepogodiev, D., Ntirenganya, F., Pata, F., Pinkney, T., Qureshi, A. U., Ramos-De la Medina, A., Riad, A., Salem, H. K., Simoes, J., Spence, R., Smart, N., Tabiri, S., Thomas, H., Weiser, T. G., West, M., Whitaker, J., Harrison, E. M., Gjata, A., Modolo, M. M., King, S., Chan, E., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Vervoort, D., Bedada, A. G., De Azevedo, B., Figueiredo, A. G., Sokolov, M., Barendegere, V., Ekwen, G., Agarwal, A., Liu, Q., Camilo Correa, J., Malemo, K. L., Bake, J., Mihanovic, J., Kuncarova, K., Orhalmi, J., Salem, H., Teras, J., Kechagias, A., Arnaud, A. P., Lindert, J., Kalles, V., Aguilera-Arevalo, M. -L., Recinos, G., Baranyai, Z., Kumar, B., Neelamraju Lakshmi, H., Zachariah, S. K., Alexander, P., Kumar Venkatappa, S., Pramesh, C., Amandito, R., Fleming, C., Ansaloni, L., Pellino, G., Altibi, A. M., Nour, I., Hamdun, I., Ghellai, A. M., Venskutonis, D., Poskus, T., Zilinskas, J., Malemia, P., Tew, Y. Y., Borg, E., Ellul, S., Wafqui, F. Z., Borowski, D. W., van Dalen, A. S., Wells, C., Adamou, H., Ademuyiwa, A., Adisa, A., Soreide, K., Al Saqqa, S., Alser, O., Tahboub, H., Segovia Lohse, H. A., Shu Yip, S., Major, P., Sampaio Soares, A., Bratu, M. R., Litvin, A., Vardanyan, A., Allen Ingabire, J. C., Gudal, A., Albati, N., Juloski, J., Rems, M., Rayne, S., Van Straten, S., Moodley, Y., Ortega Vazquez, I., Ruiz-Tovar, J., Senanayake, K. J., Thalgaspitiya, S. P. B., Omer, O. A., Homeida, A., Cengiz, Y., Clerc, D., Alshaar, M., Bouaziz, H., Altinel, Y., Doe, M., Freigofer, M., Teasdale, E., Kabariti, R., Clements, J. M., Ashfaq, A., Azodo, I., Wagner, G., Trostchansky, I., Maimbo, M., Linyama, D., Nina, H., Zeko, A., Fermani, C. G., Villalobos, S., Carballo, F., Farina, P., Guckenheimer, S., Dickfos, M., Ajmera, A., Chong, C., Gourlay, R., Hussaini, S., Lee, Y. J., Majid, A., Martin, P., Miles, R., Morris, O. J., Phua, J., Ridley, W., Saluja, T., Tan, R. R., Teh, J., Wells, A., Arora, B., Dollie, Q., Ho, D., Ma, Y., Perera, O. M., Truong, A., Dawson, A. C., Lim, B., Pahalawatta, U., Phan, J., Woon-Shoo-Tong, X. -M. S., Yeoh, A., Charman, L., Drane, A., Laura, S., Lo, C. C. W., Mozes, A., Poon, R., Tan, H. H., Wall, E., Chopra, P., De Giovanni, J., Dhital, B., Draganic, B., Duller, A., Gani, J., Goh, Y. K., Jeong, J. Y., Mcmanus, B., Nagappan, P., Pockney, P., Rugendyke, A., Sarrami, M., Smith, S., Wills, V., Wong, H. V., Ye, G., Zhang, G., Brooker, E., Feng, D., Lau, B., Ngai, C., Birks, S., Gyorki, D., Otero de Pablos, J., Abbosh, A., Gillespie, C., Mahmoud, A., Kwan, B., Lawson, J., Warwick, A., Bingham, J., Cockbain, A. J., Dudi-Venkata, N. N., Ellaby-Hall, J., Finlay, B., Humphries, E., Pisaniello, J., Pisaniello, M., Salih, S., Sammour, T., Abd Wahab, H. H., De Silva, A., Hayward, N., Iyer, K., Maddern, G., Prevost, G. A., Annapureddy, N., Settipalli, K. P., Yeo, J., Hempenstall, L., Pham, L., Purcell, S., Talavera, C., Vaska, A. I., Chaggar, G., Chrapko, P., Cocco, A., Coulter-Nile, S. M. C. J., Ctercteko, G., French, J., Gong, H., Gosselink, M., Jegathees, T., Jin, I., Kalachov, M., Kiefhaber, K., Lee, K., Luong, J., Phan, S., Pleass, H., Veale, K., Zeng, Z., Au, A., Debiasio, A., Deng, I., Myooran, J., Nair, A., Stewart, P., Stift, A., Unger, L. W., Wimmer, K., Ahmed, N., Hasan, S., Rahman, S., O'Shea, M., Padmore, G., Peters, A., Perduca, P., Pulcina, G., Tinton, N., Buxant, F., Dabin, E., Garofalo, G., Dossou, F., Gnangnon, F. H. R., Imorou Souaibou, Y., Motlaleselelo, P., Tlhomelang, O., Lima Buarque, I., Mendonca Ataide Gomes, G., Vieira Barros, A., Batashki, I., Damianov, N., Stoyanov, V., Dardanov, D., Maslyankov, S., Petkov, P., Todorov, G., Zhivkov, E., Akisheva, A., Castilla Moreno, M. A., Genov, G., Ilieva, I., Ivanov, T., Karamanliev, M., Khan, A., Mitkov, E., Yotsov, T., Atanasov, B., Belev, N., Slavchev, M., Nsengiyumva, C., Jones, E., Stock, S., Kyota, S., Brown, J., Mabanza, K. T., Nigo Samuel, L., Otuneme, C., Prosper, N., Umenze, F., Boutros, M., Caminsky, N., Dumitra, S., Garfinkle, R., Morency, D., Salama, E., Banks, A., Ferri, L., He, H., Katz, A., Liberman, A. S., Meterissian, S., Pang, A., Parvez, E., Hameed, U., Osman, F., Sequeira, S., Coburn, N., Jaffer, A., Karanicolas, P., Mosseler, M., Musselman, R., Liu, X., Yip, C. W., Garces-Otero, J. S., Guzman, C., Sierra, S., Uribe Valencia, A., Cabrera Rivera, P. A., Camelo, S., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez-Orozco, A., Mosquera Paz, M. S., Perez Rivera, C. J., Gonzalez, F., Isaza-Restrepo, A., Nino- Torres, L., Arias Madrid, N., Mendoza Arango, M. C., Tsandiraki, J., Jemendzic, D., Kocman, B., Suman, O., Canic, R., Jurisic, D., Karakas, I., Krizanovic Rupcic, A., Pitlovic, V., Samardzic, J., Kopljar, M., Bacic, I., Domini, E., Karlo, R., Miljanic, D., Simic, A., Ahmed, M., Al Nassrallah, M., Altaf, R., Amjad, T., Eltoum, R., Haidar, H., Hassan, A., Khalil, O., Qasem, M., Ramesh, R., Sajith, G., Wisal, M., Zatecky, J., Bujda, M., Jirankova, K., Paclik, A., Abdallah, A., Abdulgawad Almogy, M., Ayman El-sawy, E., Elfayoumy, A. M., Elghareeb, N., Esmat, N. A., Fadel, A., Habater, A., Hamdy, H., Hefni, A., Kamal, M., Mohamed Abobakr, N., Sayed, A., Shaker, N., Taha, E., Tharwat, H., Zakaria, O., Abdelmotaleb, I., Al-Dhufri, A., Al-Himyari, H. S., El sheikh, E., Eldmaty, A., Elkhalawy, A., M. Elkhashen, A., Magdy, K., Mostafa, S., Sadia, H. D., Saleh, M. M., Samir, D., Yahia Mohamed Ali, M., A. Nassar, M., Abdelhady, S., Abdelrazek, A., Abdelsalam, I., El-Sawy, A., Essam, E., Gadelkarim, M., Ghaly, K., Hassabalnaby, M., Masarani, R., Mohamed Shaaban, N., Sabry, A., Salem, M., Soliman, N. A., Zahran, D., Abou, El. soud M. R., Badr, E. T., Borham, H., Elmeslemany, N., Elsayed, M., Elsherif, F., Eslam, S., Gaber, G., Ibrahim, S., Kamh, Y., Mohamed, S. G., Morshedy, E., Omar, C., Salem Soliman, F., Abdelkawy, S., Abdelmohsen, N., Abdelshakour, M., Dahy, A., Gamal, N., Gamal, M., Hasan, A., Hetta, H., Mousa, N., Omar, M., Rabie, S., Saad, M., Saleh, B., Sayed Mohamed, M., Shawqi, M., Abdelhady Mousa, H., Alnoury, M., Elbealawy, M., Elshafey, A., Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, M., Ghonaim, M., Hgag, F., Ibrahim, M., Morsy, M., Reda Loaloa, M., Refaat, A., Samir, H., Shahien, F., Sobhy, M., Sroor, F., Abdellatif, E., Adel, M., Afifi, A. A., Afifi, E., Antaky, M., Dawoud, A., El Zoghby, N., El-remaily, A., Elzanfaly, A. A., Gadallah, A., Gamal, F. A., Hashem, O., Medhat Youssef, S., Muhammad Attyah, A., Munir, M., Shazly, O., Wilson, K., Adel, S., Ali, A., Eid, E., Elhelow, E., Elmahdy, M., Elshatby, B., Hossam el-din Zakaria, A., Hossny, A., Ibrahim, E., M. Yonis, A., Metwalli, M., Yousry, B., Zid, E., A Yacoub, M., Abdelhakim, A., Abouelsoad, N., Alkhatib, M., Ashraf, A., Elazab, Y., Elfanty, M., Elkabir, O., Elshimy, A., Elsobky, H., Eskander, J., Gad, A., Hamsho, W., Khaled Abdelwahed, N., Magdy, M., Moharam, D., Osama, A., Ramadan, S., Roum, R., Sayed, T., Shehada, T., Zidan, A. M., Abbas, K., Attia, M., Balata, M., El Nakeeb, A., Elewaily, M. I. E., Elfallal, A., Elfeki, H., Elkhadragy, A., Emile, S., Ezzat, H., Hosni, H., Mansour, I., Omar, W., Othman, G., Sadek, K., Shalaby, M., Shehab-Eldeen, N., Anas khalifa, R., Badr, H., Eldeep, M., Eldeep, A., Eldoseuky mohammed, A., Khallaf, S., Magdy Hegazy, E., Mahmoud, R., Mikhail, P., Morsi, M., Mowafy, S., Raafat, D., Safy, A., Sera, M., Sera, A. S., Abdallah, M. S. M., Abdelkader, M., Abdou, A. O., Ahmed, A., Gaafar, S., Ibrahim negm, F., Lapic, M., Maher, A., Mahmoud, H., Mostafa, A., Samir, M., Samy, F., Semeda, N., Shalaby, H. I., El-taweel, A., Galal Elnagar, A., Hemidan, A. G., Hussein, M., Kandil, A. A., Moawad, M., Nasser Hamamah, A. A., Soliman, M., Abdelkhalek, M., Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, N., Abdelwahed, A. M., Abdou, A., Atallah, K., Elsherbeny, M. Y., Emara, E., Hamdy, M., Hamdy, O., Haron, A., Ismail, S., Metwally, I. H., Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, N., Nassar, A., Refky, B., Sadek, M., Saleh, M., Yunes, A., Zakaria, M., Zuhdy, M., Fayed, N., Mohammed, M. M. H., Kutner, S., Melnik, P., Seire, I., Umarik, T., Ainoa, E., Eerola, V., Koppatz, H., Koskenvuo, L., Sallinen, V., Takala, S., Katunin, J., Turunen, A., Christou, N., Mathonnet, M., Lavoue, V., Nyangoh Timoh, K., Soulabaille, L., Lesourd, R., Merdrignac, A., Sulpice, L., Andre, B., Chantalat, E., Vaysse, C., Dousset, B., Gaujoux, S., Martin, G., Clonda, O., Juodis, D., Kienle, K., Mravik, A., Palmer, S., Szabadhegyi, G., Agbeko, A. E., Gyabaah, S., Gyamfi, F. E., Naabo, N., Owusu senior, A., Yorke, J., Owusu, F., Abantanga, F., Anyomih, T. T. K., Muntaka, A. -J. M., Owusu Abem, E., Sheriff, M., Wondoh, P. M., Balalis, D., Korkolis, D., Gkiokas, G., Pantiora, E., Theodosopoulos, T., Ioannidis, A., Konstantinidis, K., Konstantinidou, S., Machairas, N., Paspala, A., Prodromidou, A., Chouliaras, C., Papadopoulos, K., Baloyiannis, I., Mamaloudis, I., Tzovaras, G., Akrida, I., Argentou, M. -I., Germanos, S., Iliopoulos, E., Maroulis, I., Skroubis, G., Theofanis, G., Chatzakis, C., Ioannidis, O., Loutzidou, L., Karathanasis, P., Michalopoulos, N., Theodoropoulos, C., Theodorou, D., Triantafyllou, T., Garoufalia, Z., Hasemaki, N., Kontos, M., Kouraklis, G., Kykalos, S., Liakakos, T., Mpaili, E., Papalampros, A., Schizas, D., Syllaios, A., Tampaki, E. C., Tsimpoukelis, A., Antonopoulou, M. I., Deskou, E., Manatakis, D. K., Papageorgiou, D., Zoulamoglou, M., Anthoulakis, C., Margaritis, M., Nikoloudis, N., Campo, V., Ceballos, A., Flores, M. -A., Giron, W., Ko, D., Martinez, G., Rivera Lara, V., Rueda, N., Sanchez, A., Tejeda Garrido, J. C. G., Alvarez Rivera, A. E., Bamaca Ixcajoc, E. B., Barreda Zelaya, L. E., Chacon-Herrera, P., Corea Ruiz, L. M., Echeverria-Davila, G., Garcia, M., Garcia, D., Gutierrez Mayen, E. F., Jose, N., Mazariegos, N., Mendez, D., Paniagua Espinoza, M., Bardos, D., Benke, M., Illes, K., Kokas, B. A., Szabo, R., Appukuttan, A., Asok, A., Vijaykumar, D. K., Malik, K., Ravishankaran, P., Tapkire, R., Moorthy, G., Abraham, J., Muthuvel, R., Alapatt, J., Kattepur, A., Pareekutty, N., Garod, M., Harris, C., Wanniang, C., Gupta, A., Nehra, D., Parshad, S., Acharya, R., Badwe, R., Bhandare, M., Jain, U., Kirti, K., Nair, N., Shrikhande, S., Thakkar, P., Anandan, P., C S, A., Holenarasipur Narasannaiah, A., Jagarlamudi, T., M R, R., Manangi, M., Raghavendra, A., Rao, K. S., S, V., Sajjan, V., Shenoy, A., Shivashankar Chikkanayakanahalli, S., Tharanath, K., V, S., Adidharma, P., Agarwal, R., Anggita Gultom, P., Arifin, G. R., Billy, M., Elfizri, Z., Fahira, A., Felicia, D., Gunardi, T. H., Johanna, N., Nugrahadi, N. R., Panigoro, S. S., Rahmayanti, S., Sihotang, R. C., Brata, S. Y., Winoto, H., Barati, N., Karami, M., Khorshidi, H., Naderifar, H., Abdulla, M. A., Coleman, M., Doherty, R. J., Hannon, R., Murphy, B., Stakelum, A., Winter, D., Aljohmani, L., Farnan, R., Seldon, Y., Tan, T., Varghese, S., Alherz, M., Ather, M., Bajilan, M., Graziadei, V., Pilkington, I., Quidwai, O., Ridgway, P., Shiwani, H., Tahir, A. A. -R., Blunnie, E., Burke, D., Kennedy, N., Macdonagh, K., O'Neill, M., Rooney, S., Falco, G., Ferrari, G., Mele, S., Nita, G. E., Ugoletti, L., Zizzo, M., Confalonieri, G., Pesenti, G., Tagliabue, F., Baronio, G., Ongaro, D., Pata, G., Compagnoni, B., Salvadori, R., Taglietti, L., D'Alessandro, N., Di Lascio, P., Pascale, G., Bortolasi, L., Campagnaro, T., Carlini, M., Lisi, G., Lombardi, D., Pedrazzani, C., Spoletini, D., Turri, G., Violi, P., Altomare, D. F., Aquilino, F., Musa, N., Papagni, V., Picciariello, A., Vincenti, L., Andreotti, D., Occhionorelli, S., Tondo, M., Basso, S. M. M., Cirelli, R., Maino, M. E. M., Piozzi, G. N., Picone, E., Scaramuzzo, R., Sinibaldi, G., Amendola, A., Anastasio, L., Bucci, L., Caruso, E., Castaldi, A., Di Maso, S., Dinuzzi, V. P., Esposito, G., Gaudiello, M., Giglio, M. C., Greco, P. A., Luglio, G., Manfreda, A., Marra, E., Mastella, F., Pagano, G., Peltrini, R., Pepe, V., Sacco, M., Sollazzo, V., Spiezio, G., Cianchetti, E., Menduni, N., Carvello, M. M., Di Candido, F., Spinelli, A., Corsi, F., Sorrentino, L., Marino, F., Asti, E. L. G., Bonavina, L., Rausa, E., Asta, M., Belli, A., Bianco, F., Cervone, C., Delrio, P., Falato, A., Fares Bucci, A., Guarino, R., Pace, U., Rega, D., De Luca, E., Gallo, G., Sammarco, G., Sena, G., Vescio, G., Santandrea, L., Ugolini, G., Zattoni, D., Chetta, N., Logrieco, G., Vanella, S., Garulli, G., Zanini, N., Bondurri, A., Cammarata, F., Colombo, F., Foschi, D., Lamperti, G. M. B., Maffioli, A., Sampietro, G. M., Yakushkina, A., Zaffaroni, G., Cicuttin, E., Sibilla, M. G., Impellizzeri, H., Inama, M., Moretto, G., Mochet, S., Ponte, E., Usai, A., Mancini, S., Sagnotta, A., Solinas, L., Bolzonaro, E., Tamini, N., Curletti, G., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Campanella, S., Cocorullo, G., Colli, F., De Marco, P., Falco, N., Fontana, T., Kamdem Mambou, L. 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W., Zimmermann, B., Bakoleas, P., Chanousi, I., Charalampidou, L., Grochola, L. F., Heid, F., Ntaoulas, S., Outos, M., Peros, G., Podolska-Skoczek, H., Reinisch, K. B., Zielasek, C., Demartines, N., Gilgien, J., Kefleyesus, A., St-Amour, P., Toussaint, A., Alhimyar, M., Alsaid, B., Alyafi, A., Alkhaledi, A., Kouz, B., Omarain, A., Al-Sabbagh, Y., Alkhatib, H., Sara, S., Alhaj, A., Danial, A., Kadoura, L., Maa Albared, S., Monawar, Y., Nahas, L., Abd, B., Saad, A., Wakkaf, H., Bouzaiene, H., Ghalleb, M., Akaydin, E., Akbaba, A. C., Atakul, O., Baltaci, E., Besli, S., Burgu, G., Cenal, U., de Muijnck, C., Demirkaya, H. C., Dogruoz, A., Gezer, Z. I., Gundogdu, Y., Kara, M., Korkmaz, H. K., Kurtoglu, G. K., Ozben, V., Ozmen, B. B., Pektas, A. M., Sel, E. K., Yenidunya, N., Bengur, F. B., Oral, B. M., Yozgatli, T. K., Abdullayev, S., Gunes, M. E., Sahbaz, N. A., Banaz, T., Kargici, K., Kuyumcu, O. F., Yanikoglu, E., Yesilsancak, M., Yilmaz, D., Aktas, M. K., Rencuzogullari, A., Isik, A., Leventoglu, S., Yalcinkaya, A., Yuksel, O., Kalayci, M. U., Kara, Y., Sarici, I. S., Akin, A., Alemdag, G. N., Arslan, E., Baki, B. E., Bodur, M. S., Calik, A., Candas Altinbas, B., Cihanyurdu, I., Erkul, O., Gul, B., Guner, A., Kose, B., Semiz, A., Sevim, S., Tayar, S., Tomas, K., Tufek, O. Y., Turkyilmaz, S., Ulusahin, M., Usta, A., Yildirim, R., Guler, S. A., Tatar, O. C., Varol, E., Kirimtay, B., Uysal, M., Yildiz, A., Kose, E., Ciftci, A. B., Colak, E., Eraslan, H., Kucuk, G. O., Yemez, K., Lule, H., Bienfait, M., Bua, E., Okalany, N., Basarab, M., Bielosludtsev, O., Kolhanova, K., Perepelytsia, K., Romanukha, K., Savenkov, D., Siryi, S., Tereshchenko, M., Viacheslav, N., Volovetskyi, A., Kebkalo, A., Tryliskyy, Y., Tyselskiy, V., Bruce, E., Chow, B. L., Iddles, E., Mcguckin, S., Newall, N., Ramsay, G., Sharma, P., Stewart, C., Wong, J., Badran, A., Bath, M., Belais, F., Butt, E., Joshi, K., Kapur, M., Shaw, M., Townson, A., Williams, C. Y. 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Abdelazez, Gadallah, Ahmed, Gamal, Fatma Alzahraa, Hashem, Omar, Medhat Youssef, Shrouk, Muhammad Attyah, Aliaa, Munir, Malak, Shazly, Omar, Taha, Esraa, Wilson, Karim, Adel, Sawsan, Ali, Asmaa, Eid, Esraa, Elhelow, Esraa, Elmahdy, Marwa, Elshatby, Bassant, Hossam El-Din Zakaria, Amany, Hossny, Ahmad, Ibrahim, Eman, M Yonis, Ahmed, Metwalli, Maram, Yousry, Basant, Zid, Esraa, A Yacoub, Mina, Abdelhakim, Ahmed, Abouelsoad, Nervana, Alkhatib, Mo'min, Ashraf, Ahmed, Ashraf, Alaa, Elazab, Yasmin, Elfanty, Mahmoud, Elkabir, Osama, Elsayed, Mai, Elshimy, Ahmed, Elsobky, Hager, Eskander, John, Gad, Ahmed, Hamsho, Ward, Khaled Abdelwahed, Noura, Magdy, Menna, Moharam, Dalia, Osama, Abeer, Ramadan, Shereen, Roum, Radwa, Sayed, Taqwa, Shehada, Tarneem, Zidan, Ahmed Mohy, Abbas, Khalid, Ali, Amr, Attia, Mohamed, Balata, Mohamed, El Nakeeb, Ayman, Elewaily, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed, Elfallal, Ahmed, Elfeki, Hossam, Elkhadragy, Ahmed, Emile, Sameh, Ezzat, Helmy, Hosni, Hasnaa, Mansour, Islam, Omar, Waleed, Othman, Gehad, Sadek, Kareem, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shehab-Eldeen, Noura, Anas Khalifa, Rawda, Badr, Helmy, Eldeep, Mostafa, Eldeep, Ahmed, Eldoseuky Mohammed, Amany, Khallaf, Salwa, Magdy Hegazy, Eman, Mahmoud, Rokia, Mikhail, Pola, Morsi, Mahmoud, Mowafy, Sara, Raafat, Dina, Safy, Amina, Sera, Marwa, Sera, Ahmed Shible, AbdAllah, Mostafa Salim Mohamed, Abdelkader, Muhammad, Abdou, Abdulrahman Osama, Ahmed, Ahmedgaber, Gaafar, Shireen, Ibrahim Negm, Fatma, Lapic, Mina, Maher, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Hagar, Mostafa, Ahmed, Samir, Mohamed, Samy, Fatma, Semeda, Nourhan, Shalaby, Hind I, El-Taweel, Alaa, Galal Elnagar, Ahmed, Hemidan, Ahmed Gamal, Hussein, Mohamed, Kandil, Ahmed A, Moawad, Mf, Nasser Hamamah, Ayat Allah, Soliman, Mostafa, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Noura, Abdelwahed, Ahmed Mohamed, Abdou, Alrawy, Atallah, Khalid, Elsherbeny, Mohammed Yasser, Emara, Eman, Hamdy, Mohamed, Hamdy, Omar, Haron, Amira, Ismail, Salma, Metwally, Islam Hany, Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, 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González, María Catalina, Zubiaurre, Vanessa, Demolin, Rodrigo, Giroff, Nicolas, Sciuto, Pablo, Campos, Maite, Rodríguez Cantera, Gabriela, Deepika, Garg, Simuchimba, Elliot, Bulaya, Anadi, Chibuye, Chali, Chirengendure, Bright, Kabale, Mary-Rose, Kabongo, Kizito, Munthali, James, Mweso, Oliver, Pikiti, Francis, Otieno, James, Lai, Log Tung, Blackman, Brighid, Richards, Sophie, Subramaniam, Suren, Karim, Rafid, Kok, Nathan, Lee, Yanni Dion, Ali, Shabina, Sinha, Aanjaneya, Corrigan, Robert, Barnes, Nicole, Wong, Florence, Dennis, Grace, Jedamzik, Julia, Phillips, Emil, Piette, Wivine, Van Hentenryck, Marie, Koco, Houenoukpo, Lawani, Souliath, Kassa, Mamo Woldu, Santos Bezerra, Tainá, Gribnev, Petar, Dimitrov, Dobromir, Krastev, Panche, Oum, Sovannarith, Bonghaseh, Divine Tim, Al Farsi, Maryam, Alsharqawi, Nourah, Acevedo, Veronica, Castillo Barbosa, Andrea Carolina, Giron, Felipe, Leon Rodriguez, Jimmy Paul, Kucan, Darko, Rosko, Damir, Barsic, Neven, Župan, Domagoj, Hegazi, Amgad, Truncíková, Vendula, Fryba, Vladimir, Mohamed, Mostafa, Sultan, Ahmed, Nagi, Ahmed, Rashad Temerik, Abdallah, Elshawy, Mohamed Elemam, Mahmoud, Moustafa Ibrahim, Omar, Shrouk, Anwar, Mohamed, Rageh, Tarek, Elmokadem, Aya, Gaballa, Khaled, Teppo, Sandra, Turunen, Antti, Pengermä, Pasi, Ballouhey, Quentin, Bergeat, Damien, Weyl, Ariane, Hain, Elisabeth, Gyedu, Adam, Yenli, Edwin, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Rompou, Vaia-Aliki, Zoikas, Athanasios, Gaitanidis, Apostolos, Koukis, Georgios, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Tavlas, Panagiotis, Galanos-Demiris, Konstantinos, Zografos, George, Karavokyros, Ioannis, Xanthopoulou, Georgia, Iordanidou, Eirini, Ayau, Fernanda, Garcia, Allan, Damján, Pekli, Wason, Deepender, B L, Ashika, Rangganata, Ervandy, Kamath, Prerna, O'Connor, Donal B, Pinto, Margherita, Perrone, Fabrizio, Tropeano, Francesca Paola, Troilo, Francesca, Bossi, Daniela, Scala, Dario, Pulitanò, Lucrezia, Carella, Marcella, Pietrabissa, Andrea, Gori, Alice, Giraudo, Giorgio, De Simone, Veronica, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Braccio, Bartolomeo, Al-Taher, Raed, Athamneh, Sarah, Parker, Andrea, Sawiee, Adnan, Kattia, Amina, Salem, Malik, Tababa, Osama, Shaeeb, Zuhour, Syminas, Vilius, Jurgaitis, Jonas, Damuleviciene, Gyte, Svagzdys, Saulius, Poskus, Tomas, Razafimanjato, Narindra Njarasoa Mihaja, Chieng Loo, Ling, Tiong, Ing Ching, Wan Muhmad, Wan Farahiyah, Vijeyan, Harinthiran, Li Ying, Teoh, Grech, Gabriella, Arrangoiz, Rodrigo, Jimenez Ley, Vania Brickelia, Arizpe, Daniel, Lagunes Lara, Elizabeth, Castro López, Elizabeth Victoria, Eaazim, Jose, Gordinou de Gouberville, Marije, Bastiaenen, Vivian, Rottier, Simone, Nahab, Fouad, Ji, Maria Yeonhee, Seyoji, Mohammed, Nwachukwu, Callistus, Emeghara, Okechukwu, Muhammed, Sayyid Egbunu, Idowu, Ayodeji, Sowemimo, Olamiposi, Ogundoyin, Olakayode, Akande, Oluwatosin, Lott, Alexander, Nadeem, Maliha, Laghari, Ahsan Ali, Loya, Asif, Mushtaq, Hassan, Abdullah, Muhammad Tariq, Abuhilal, Baseel, Atawneh, Mohammad, Hamdan, Hamdan, Alhabil, Belal, Srour, Abedelrahman, Mousa, Ibrahim, Da Silva Medina, Luis, Bartosiak, Katarzyna, Ferreira, Pedro, Francisco, Vítor, Lemos, Ricardo, Frutuoso, Luísa, Fernandes, Sara, Fonseca, Telma, Pereira, Jorge, Rachadell, Juan, Torre, Ana, Madeira Martins, Filipe, Carvalho, Ana Cristina, Rodrigues Ferreira, Joana, Ribeiro da Silva, Bruno, Devesa, Helena, Vieira, Ana, Mónica, Inês, Amaro, Margarida, Sousa, Diogo, Reia, Marta, Louro, João, Martins, Ana, Dominguez, Joaquina, Santos, Inês, Freitas Oliveira, Nuno Miguel, Pereira, José Carlos, Silva-Vaz, Pedro, Freire, Ligia, Escrevente, Ricardo, Negoita, Valentina Madalina, Shakhmatov, Dmitry, Nezerwa, Yves, Radulovic, Radosav, Obery, Gareth, Viljoen, Francois, Mendes, Tome, Suarez, Antonio, Moncada, Enrique, Fernandez-Hevia, Maria, Curtis Martínez, Carolina, Gil Garcia, Julia Maria, González Zunzarren, Mariana, Idris, Tarig, Eklöv, Karolina, Grahn, Oskar, Amin, Leila, Blomqvist, Malin, Ajani, Costanza, Kraus, Rebecca, Seeger, Nico, Willemin, Melissa, Rayya, Fadi, Ayash, Mohammad, Msouti, Raneem, Kannas, Israa, Abazid, Eias, Esper, Asil, Slim, Skander, Kavcar, Akil Serdar, Aytac, Erman, Dural, Ahmet Cem, Ilker, Ayse, Eray, Ismail Cem, Kurnaz, Eray, Altiner, Saygin, Tepe, Mustafa Deniz, Sahin, Can, Savli, Evrim, Innocent, Aryon, Babirye, Lilian, Diachenko, Andrii, Hordoskiy, Vladislav, Curry, Heather, Chau, Charlene Yat Che, Robertson, Harry, Mahmoud, Arin, Lennon, Hannah, Loi, Lynette, Kirkham, Emily, McCann, Cameron, Watts, Daniel, Gurung, Binay, Wilson, Michael, Tribedi, Thomas, Garofalo, Eleonora, Zahra, Baryab, MacDonald, Scott, Daniels, Ian, Ng, Nathan, Khosla, Shivun, Olivier, James, Yue, Sum Yu Pansy, Suresh, Gayathri, Wellington, Jack, Lorejo, Emmanuel, Mossaad, Mafdi, Crutcher, Madison, Alimi, Marjan, Baiu, Ioana, Abdou, Hossam, Conway, Alison, Peck, Connor, Perdomo Perez, Mauro Andres, Zulu, Stanley, Nakazwe, Mildred, Burger, Sule, Davies, Justine, Donaldson, Rachel, Ede, Chikwendu, Garden, O James, Lesetedi, Chiapo, Mabedi, Charles, Magill, Laura, Makinde Alakaloko, Felix, Makupe, Alex, Monahan, Mark, Mulira, Soloman, Muller, Elmi, Musowoyo, Jospeh, Olory-Togbe, Jean Léon, Roberts, Tracey, Smith, Martin, Tayler, Viki, Windsor, John, Yepez, Raul, Sundar, Sudha, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Verjee, Azmina, Chen, José, Daya, Leonid, El Aroussi, Nouhaila, Farina, Valeria, Gnintedeme Olivier, Tchianze, Gonzales Nacarino, Mauricio, Hammani, Aamr, Honjo, Sarah, Jacobs, Rebecca, Kimura, Hitomi, Nkoronko, Mugisha, Oscullo Yepez, Jasson Javier, Pin Hung, Wei, Raj, Ankit, Romani Pozo, Alina, Rommaneh, Muna, Sassamela Fabiano, Samuel Chimbioputo, Shiroma Gago, Camila Milagros, Srinivas, Abhishekh, Sung, Chia-Yen, Tai, Aswan, Valle Aranda, Yener Cristyell, Venturini, Sara, and Wilguens Lartigue, Jean
Subjects: Pediatrics, Colorectal cancer, IMPACT, Disease, Colorectal Neoplasm, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cancer, surgery, postoperative mortality, 0302 clinical medicine, Postoperative Complications, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, General Medicine, DISEASES, Income, cancer surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms, Breast Neoplasm, Cohort study, Human, Adult, Developed Countrie, medicine.medical_specialty, Global surgery, General surgery, International multicentre study, Cancer surgery, Breast Neoplasms, Department of Error, NO, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, Stomach Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Developing Countries, Neoplasm Staging, business.industry, Developed Countries, Odds ratio, CARE, medicine.disease, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, Prospective Studie, Postoperative Complication, business
Abstract: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit.
Published: 2021

27. Chirurgie et COVID-19 : à propos d’un cas de volvulus du colon pelvien au Centre Hospitalier Regional (CHR) de Maradi

Author: Maman Bachir Abdoulaye, Mamane Maikassoua, Ousseini Adakal, Mahaman Lawali Harouna Amadou, Oumarou Amadou, Rouga Moumouni Mohamed, Chaibou Maidakouale, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Lassey James Didier, and Rachid Sani
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Political science, Public health, medicine, Global health, Open access journal
Published: 2021

28. Sigmoid vaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

Author: Maman Bachir Abdoulaye, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Oumarou Habou, Madi Nayama, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Ousseini Adakal, R Sani, and Maazou Halidou
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Uterus, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Context (language use), Anastomosis, Surgery, Uterine Agenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Laparotomy, Vagina, Medicine, Vaginoplasty, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome, business
Abstract: Introduction Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and upper 2/3 of the vagina, with normal female secondary sexual characteristics and a normal karyotype (46, XX). The frequency is 1/4500–5000 female births. The aim of this study was to report the management of MRKH syndrome with sigmoid vaginoplasty. Patients and method This study included 4 patients recruited over a 4-year period from February 2016 to January 2019. MRKH syndrome was retained in the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics with normal external genitalia associated with vaginal aplasia and uterine agenesis. The approach was a laparotomy and a perineal approach under general anesthesia. The procedure involved the removal of a sigmoidal colonic graft that was anastomosed with the vaginal dimple. Results The average age was 23 years. All patients had consulted for primary amenorrhea, infertility, and/or difficulties in sexual intercourse. The diagnosis of MRKH type 1 was retained in all patients. The average length of the vagina was 3.25 cm before surgery and 13.63 cm after surgery. The postoperative outcomes were uneventful in 3 patients. One patient developed anastomotic stenosis that was successfully treated with vaginal dilation for 2 weeks. The average postoperative follow-up was 30 months. Conclusion In the context of a low-resource setting, sigmoid transposition represents a good procedure to treat vaginal aplasia and restore a satisfactory sexual activity to patients with MRKH type 1.
Published: 2020

29. Prise En Charge Des Dermo-Hypodermites Nécrosantes Au Centre Hospitalier Régional De Diffa, Niger

Author: Mahamadou Doutchi, Ousseini Adakal, Biraïma Ahamadou, Oumarou Amadou, Maman Bachir Abdoulaye, Mohamed Rouga, Lassey James Didier, Mahaman Laouali Harouna, Sani Rachid, Onuoha Christopher, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Poor prognosis, business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Limb amputation, Regional hospital, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical department, Antibiotic therapy, medicine, Surgical treatment, business, Hospital stay
Abstract: Introduction : la dermo-hypodermite necrosante (DHN) est une affection redoutable, responsable d’une morbi-mortalite importante constituant un veritable probleme de sante publique dans la region de Diffa. L’objectif de cette etude est decrire la prise en charge des DHN dans le service de chirurgie du Centre Hospitalier Regional (CHR) de Diffa. Patients et methodes : Il s’est agi d’une etude retrospective descriptive, menee dans le service de chirurgie du CHR de Diffa, et incluant les dossiers des cas de DHN, pris en charge de Janvier 2017 a Decembre 2018. Resultats : 132 cas ont ete enregistres. L’âge median etait de 25 ans (extremes : 10 jours et 87 ans). Tous les patients ont beneficie d’une antibiotherapie et dans 91,8% un traitement chirurgical etait necessaire. Le nombre de passage au bloc operatoire etait compris entre 2 et 36. Une greffe de peau a ete realisee dans 25,7% des cas. Le taux d’amputation de membre etait de 9,1%. La duree moyenne de sejour hospitalier etait de 32,3 jours (extremes : 17 jours et 189 jours). La mortalite intra hospitaliere etait de 3,8% (n=5). Conclusion: la dermo-hypodermite necrosante est une affection grave, frequente dans la region de Diffa dont la prise en charge medico-chirurgicale est lourde, grevee d’un mauvais pronostic. Un accent devrait etre mis sur la recherche etiologique et le controle des facteurs predisposant et aggravant de la maladie. Introduction: Necrotizing dermo-hypodermatitis (NHD) is a dreaded condition, responsible for a significant morbi-mortality constituting a real public health problem in the region of Diffa. The objective of this study is to describe the management of NHD in the surgical department of the Regional Hospital Center (CHR) of Diffa. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study, conducted in the surgery department of the CHR of Diffa, and including the records of NHD cases, taken in charge from January 2017 to December 2018. Results: 132 cases were recorded. The median age was 25 years (extremes: 10 days and 87 years). All patients received antibiotic therapy and in 91.8% of cases surgical treatment was required. The number of visits to the operating theatre ranged from 2 to 36. A skin graft was performed in 25.7% of cases. The limb amputation rate was 9.1%. The average length of hospital stay was 32.3 days (extremes: 17 days and 189 days). Intra-hospital mortality was 3.8% (n=5). Conclusion: Necrotizing dermo-hypodermatitis is a serious condition, frequent in the region of Diffa, with a poor prognosis and heavy medical and surgical management. Emphasis should be placed on etiological research and control of predisposing and aggravating factors of the disease.
Published: 2020

30. Profils Épidémiologiques, Cliniques et Thérapeutiques de la Sténose Urétrale de L’homme à l’Hôpital National de Zinder (HNZ), Niger

Author: Harissou Adamou, Mahamadou Doutchi, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Soumana Amadou, Maazou Halidou, Amadou Roua, Ousseini Adakal, Diongolé Hassane, and Soumana Djibo
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Urethral meatus, business.industry, Urethroplasty, medicine.medical_treatment, Anastomosis, Resection, Urethra, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Glabrous skin, Dysuria, medicine.symptom, business, End to end anastomosis
Abstract: Objectif : Decrire les aspects epidemiologiques, cliniques et therapeutiques de la stenose uretrale a L’hopital national de Zinder (HNZ) NIGER. Patients et methodes : Il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective descriptive realisee dans le service d’Urologie de l’HNZ durant la periode de janvier 2016 a Decembre 2019. Nous avons collige 116 dossiers medicaux des patients, chez qui le diagnostic de retrecissement uretral etait pose et documente par une uretro-cystographie retrograde et mictionnelle (UCRM) et pris en charge. Resultats : Au cours de cette etude, 116 dossiers etaient retenus sur 964 interventions durant la periode soit 8, 31%.L’âge moyen des patients etait de 39,53 ans avec des extremes de 18 ans et 74 ans. Les principaux motifs de consultations etaient la dysurie (25 ,86%), la pollakiurie (15,52%), et la retention aigue dans (17,24%). L’uretro-cystographie retrograde et mictionnelle (UCRM) etait le principal examen complementaire du diagnostic. Cet examen avait permis de decouvrir, 69,3% de stenose uretrale au niveau bulbaire, 17,5% au niveau penien anterieur, 9,4% multiples, 3,8% au niveau du meat uretral. Le traitement avait consiste en une resection anastomose termino-terminale (RATT) au niveau bulbaire dans 57,21%(n=67), de dilatations uretrales (DU) aux beniques dans 19, 01% (n=22) des cas, uretroplastie en deux temps selon Johanson dans 11, 52%(n=13), de plasties par greffe de peau glabre de la crete iliaque dans 8,42% (n=10), et une meatotomie 3,45%(n=4). Apres un recul de 21 mois, les anastomoses (RATT) etaient jugees bonnes pour 61,19% (41/67). Les echecs etaient enregistres dans 16,42% (n=11) et 22,39% (n=15) etaient perdus de vue. Pour les dilatations aux beniques a 9 mois de recul, 59% (n= 13) etaient evaluees bonnes, et mauvaises dans 41% (n=9) des cas. Les plasties avec greffe etaient reussies dans 30% (n=3) des cas, et 70% (n=7) etaient des echecs. Les uretroplasties selon Johanson etaient jugees satisfaisantes a six mois de recul dans 23,07% (3/13) des cas, et non satisfaisantes dans 76,93% (10/13) des cas.Toutes les meatotomies etaient reussies (n=4). Un RPM ≤ 30 ml etait enregistre dans 55,17% des cas et ≥ 100ml dans 31,90% des cas. Quinze patients soit 12,93 etaient perdus de vue apres leur premiere evaluation. Conclusion : La stenose de l’uretre est une affection frequente dans les consultations en urologie a l’HNZ. Les patients consultent souvent au stade de complications. L’UCRM est la cle du diagnostic topographique de la lesion. La resection anastomose terminoterminale donne de bons resultats. La maitrise des plasties avec greffe de muqueuse, ou cutanee reste encore un defi dans notre contexte. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of urethral stenosis at Zinder National Hospital (ZNH) NIGER. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study carried out in the Department of Urology of the ZNH during the period from January 2016 to December 2019. We collected 116 medical records of patients, in whom the diagnosis of narrowed Urethral donation was performed and documented by retrograde and voiding urethro-cystography and managed. Results: During this study, 116 files were retained on 964 interventions during the period, ie 8.31%. The average age of the patients was 39.53 years with extremes of 18 and 74 years. The main reasons for consultations were dysuria (25.86%), pollakiuria (15.52%), and acute retention in (17.24%). Retrograde and voiding urethro-cystography (UC) was the main complementary diagnostic examination. This examination had revealed 69.3% urethral stenosis at the bulbar level, 17.5% at the anterior penis level, 9.4% multiple, 3.8% at the urethral meatus. The treatment consisted of resection of the end-to-end anastomosis at the bulbar level in 57.21% (n = 67), from urethral dilation to the benign in 19.01% (n = 22) of the cases, urethroplasty in two stages according to Johanson in 11.52% (n = 13), of plasties by glabrous skin graft of the iliac crest in 8.42% (n = 10), and a meatotomy 3.45% (n = 4). After a 21-month follow-up, anastomoses were considered good for 61.19% (41/67). Failures were recorded in 16.42% (n = 11) and 22.39% (n = 15) were lost to follow-up. For dilations to the benign patients at 9 months of follow-up, 59% (n = 13) were rated good, and poor in 41% (n = 9) of the cases. Plasty with grafting was successful in 30% (n = 3) of the cases, and 70% (n = 7) were failed. Johanson's urethroplasty was considered satisfactory after six months of recession in 23.07% (3/13) of the cases, and unsatisfactory in 76.93% (10/13) of the cases. All meatotomies were successful (n = 4). An RPM ≤ 30 ml was recorded in 55.17% of the cases and ≥ 100ml in 31.90% of the cases. Fifteen patients (12.93) were lost to follow-up after their first evaluation. Conclusion: Stenosis of the urethra is a common condition in consultations at the NHZ. Patients often consult for complications. The UC is the key to the topographic diagnosis of the lesion. Resection with end to end anastomosis gives good results. Plasties with mucosal or skin grafting still remain a challenge in our context.
Published: 2020

31. Péritonites Aiguës d’Origine Gynécologique à l’Hôpital National de Zinder, Niger

Author: Mahamadou Doutchi, R Sani, Harissou Adamou, Ousseini Adakal, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Madi Nayama, Lassey James Didier, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, and Maazou Halidou
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, High mortality, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Genital infections, Peritonitis, Context (language use), medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Conservative treatment, medicine, Risk of death, business
Abstract: Introduction : les peritonites aigues gynecologiques (PAGy) sont rares dans notre pratique chirurgicale. Un retard diagnostique et therapeutique conduit a une laparotomie dans notre contexte. L’objectif de cette etude etait de decrire les caracteristiques epidemiologiques et therapeutiques des PAGy a l’Hopital National de Zinder, Niger. Patientes et methodes : il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective allant de janvier 2013 a decembre 2016 (4 ans). Etaient incluses les patientes operees pour peritonite dont le diagnostic de peritonite aigue gynecologique(PAGy) etait confirme en peroperatoire. Etaient exclues les peritonites d’autres causes non gynecologiques. Les patientes presentant une infection genitale non operees n’etaient pas incluses. Resultats : Durant la periode d’etude, 660 cas de peritonites etaient enregistres, dont 190 femmes. Les peritonites aigues gynecologiques (PAGy) representant 2,87% (n=19) toutes les peritonites operees. L’âge moyen de nos patientes etait de 27,9±7,7 ans. Une notion d’algie pelvienne chronique etait retrouvee dans 42,1% (n=8), de fievre au long cours dans 36,8% (n=7). Les patientes etaient mariees dans 79% (n=15) et multipares dans 57,9% (n=9). Le delai median de consultation etait de 8 jours (extremes : 6-25 jours). La peritonite etait generalisee dans 84,2% (n=16) et localisee dans 15,8% (n=3). L’origine etait tubo-ovarienne dans 94,5% (n=18). Le traitement conservateur preservant les annexes etait fait dans 78,9% (n=15). Les infections du site operatoire etaient enregistrees dans 21,1% (n=4). La mortalite etait de 21,1% (n=4). Les facteurs associes au risque de deces etaient : le delai d’admission > 9 jours (p=0,032), la fievre > 38,5°C et l’infection a VIH (p=0,035). Conclusion : Les peritonites aigues gynecologiques affectent les femmes jeunes avec un statut socio-economique bas. Elles sont souvent diagnostiquees au stade de peritonites generalisees. Dans notre contexte l’origine est tuboovarienne est predominante. La mortalite elevee pourrait etre prevenue par un diagnostic et un traitement precoce des infections genitales. Introduction: Acute gynecological peritonitis is rare in our surgical practice. The diagnostic and therapeutic delay leads to a laparotomy in our context. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of acute gynecological peritonitis at the Zinder National Hospital, Niger. Patients and methods: this was a retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2016 (4 years). Patients operated for peritonitis whose diagnosis of acute gynecological peritonitis was confirmed intraoperatively were included. Patients with peritonitis from other non gynecological causes were excluded. Patients with unoperated genital infection were not included. Results: During the study period, 660 cases of peritonitis were recorded, including 190 women. Acute gynecological peritonitis (PAGy) representing 2.87% (n = 19) all operated peritonitis. The average age of our patients was 27.9 ± 7.7 years. A notion of chronic pelvic pain was found in 42.1% (n = 8), of long-term fever in 36.8% (n = 7). Patients were married in 79% (n = 15) and multiparous in 57.9% (n = 9). The median consultation time was 8 days (range: 6-25 days). Peritonitis was generalized in 84.2% (n = 16) and located in 15.8% (n = 3). The origin was adnexal in 94.5% (n = 18). Conservative treatment preserving the appendices was done in 78.9% (n = 15). Operative site infections recorded in 21.1% (n = 4). Mortality was 21.1% (n = 4). Factors associated with the risk of death were: time to admission> 9 days (p = 0.032), fever> 38.5 ° C, and HIV infection (p = 0.035). Conclusion: Acute gynecological peritonitis affects young women with low socio-economic status. They are often diagnosed at the stage of generalized peritonitis. In our context adnexal origin is predominant. High mortality could be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment of genital infections.
Published: 2020

32. Infections Du Site Opératoire À l’Hôpital National De Zinder, Niger: Aspects Épidémiologiques Et Bactériologiques

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Mansour Adamou, Lawan Ousmane, Maazou Halidou, Moussa Taofik, Mahamadou Doutchi, Mahamane Lawali Yahaya, Abdoul Salam Ouedraogo, and Karamba Sylla
Subjects: Gynecology, High rate, medicine.medical_specialty, Imipenem, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), 030231 tropical medicine, Erythromycin, 030501 epidemiology, Amoxicillin, 03 medical and health sciences, Orthopedic trauma, 0302 clinical medicine, Surgical site, medicine, Ceftriaxone, 0305 other medical science, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectif : Rapporter les caracteristiques epidemiologiques et bacteriologiques des infections du site operatoire (ISO) dans les services de chirurgie de l'hopital national de Zinder, Niger. Patients et methodes : Il s’agissait d’une etude transversale qui s’est deroulee sur une periode de 5 mois (Mai a Aout 2016) aux services de chirurgie et de laboratoire de l’Hopital National de Zinder (HNZ) au Niger incluant tous les patients operes et ayant developpe une ISO. Resultats : Durant l’etude, 485 patients avaient ete operes et 38 cas d’ISO etaient enregistres soit une incidence de 7,83 %. L’âge median etait de 31,5 ans (8-78 ans). Le sexe masculin etait majoritaire avec un sexratio de 6,6 (33/5). Les urgences chirurgicales representaient 57,9% des cas (n=22). Selon la classification d’Alte Meier, 13 cas (34,2%) etaient consideres comme une chirurgie contaminee et 21 cas (55,3%) une chirurgie sale. Les ISO etaient superficielles dans 36,8% (n=14), profondes dans 42,1% (n=16). Sur les 38 prelevements analyses, 33 cultures etaient positives soit 86,8%. Les enterobacteries representaient 69,7% (n=23), les Cocci a Gram positif 24,2% (n=8). Escherichia coli etait l’espece predominante avec 45,5% (n=15), suivie de Staphylococcus aureus avec 18,2% (n=6). La majeure partie des cultures positives provenait du service de chirurgie viscerale 15 cas (45,5%) puis de l’urologie et de traumatologie-orthopedie avec respectivement 10 cas (30,3%) et 8 cas (24,2%). La quasi-totalite des enterobacteries etait resistante aux antibiotiques usuels (amoxicilline, amoxicilline-acide clavulanique) et plus de 84% etaient resistantes a la ceftriaxone. En general les bacilles Gram negatifs etaient sensibles a l’imipeneme (100%), la colistine (93,8%), l’aztreonam (68,7%) et le chloramphenicol (47,8%). Les cocci-Gram positifs etaient sensibles a la vancomycine, au chloramphenicol et a l’erythromycine dans respectivement 100% ; 62,5% et 57,1%. Conclusion : Les infections du site operatoires representent un probleme majeur. La frequence des ISO rend indispensable la mise en place d'une equipe multidisciplinaire pour la surveillance de celles-ci. Le fort taux de resistance aux antibiotiques usuels doit susciter des actions preventives et systematiser l’examen bacteriologique en cas de suppurations postoperatoires. Objective: To report the epidemiological and bacteriological characteristics of surgical site infections (SSI) in the surgical departments of Zinder National Hospital. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study that took place over a period of 5 months (May to August 2016) at the Zinder National Hospital (HNZ) Surgical and Laboratory Services in Niger including all patients operated on and having developed an SSI. Results: During the study, 485 patients had been operated on and 38 cases of ISO were recorded with an incidence of 7.83%. The median age was 31.5 years (8-78 years). The male sex was in the majoritywith a sex ratio of 6.6 (33/5). Surgical emergencies accounted for 57.9% of cases (n = 22). According to Altemeier's classification, 13 cases (34.2%) were considered as contaminated surgery and 21 cases (55.3%) were dirty surgery. Surgical site infections were superficial in 36.8% (n = 14), deep in 42.1% (n = 16). Of the 38 samplings analyzed, 33 cultures were positive, i.e. 86.8%. The enterobacteria accounted for 69.7% (n = 23), Gram-positive Cocci 24.2% (n = 8). Escherichia coli was the predominant species with 45.5% (n = 15), followed by Staphylococcus aureus with 18.2% (n = 6). The majority of positive cultures came from the visceral surgery department 15 cases (45.5%) followed by urology and orthopedic trauma with respectively 10 cases (30.3%) and 8 cases (24.2%). Virtually all enterobacteria were resistant to the usual antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid) and more than 84% were resistant to ceftriaxone. In general Gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to imipenem (100%), colistin (93.8%), aztreonam (68.7%) and chloramphenicol (47.8%). Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to vancomycin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin in 100%, respectively; 62.5% and 57.1%. Conclusion: Surgical site infections represent a major problem. The frequency of SSI makes it essential to set up a multidisciplinary team to monitor them. The high rate of resistance to the usual antibiotics must provoke preventive actions and systematize the bacteriological examination in case of postoperative suppuration.
Published: 2020

33. Prise en charge du priapisme ischémique aigu à l’Hôpital National de Lamordé de Niamey

Author: Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Sanda Ganda, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Soumana Amadou, Habibou Abarchi, Abdou Malam Bade, Oumarou Habou, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Priapisme, business.industry, Urology, Drépanocytose, 030232 urology & nephrology, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ponction-drainage des corps, Caverneux, Medicine, business
Abstract: Resume Objectifs Decrire les aspects cliniques du priapisme ischemique aigu et apprecier le resultat de la prise charge. Patients et methode Il s’agit d’une etude prospective, sur une periode de 19 mois allant de juin 2011 a decembre 2012, portant sur 29 patients pris en charge pour priapisme ischemique aigu dans le service des urgences chirurgicales et urologiques de l’Hopital National de Lamorde. L’âge, le delai de consultation, l’etiologie et les resultats de la prise en charge etaient les variables etudiees. Resultats L’âge moyen etait de 19 ans (extremes: 5 a 43 ans). Le delai moyen de consultation etait de 26 heures (extremes: 5 heures et 5 jours). La drepanocytose (18 cas) et l’automedication (7cas) etaient les principales etiologies. La detumescence etait complete (15 cas) apres ponction caverneuse et administration d’etilefrine. L’erection etait satisfaisante (7 cas) avec un recul moyen de 3 mois et 5 patients presentaient une dysfonction erectile. Conclusion La drepanocytose est la principale cause du priapisme ischemique aigu dans notre contexte. La ponction caverneuse selon Winter est une option therapeutique simple, fiable et efficace pour la prise en charge de cette affection.
Published: 2017

34. The conservative treatment of giant omphalocele by tanning with povidone iodine and aqueous 2% eosin solutions

Author: Habibou Abarchi, Ramatou Sabo, Amadou Magagi, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Omid M. Ali, and Helle Moustapha
Subjects: Pediatric intensive care unit, medicine.medical_specialty, Omphalocele, business.industry, Birth weight, Mortality rate, chemistry.chemical_element, medicine.disease, Iodine, Surgery, Conservative treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, conservative management, dressing, epidermization, omphalocele, chemistry, 030225 pediatrics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pediatric surgery, Medicine, business, Prospective cohort study
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this work was to report the result of nonoperative management of giant omphalocele by dressing with povidone iodine and aqueous eosin in Niger. Patients and methods: This prospective study was conducted over 5 years (January 2011 to December 2015) in the Departments of Pediatric Surgery in the country. The procedure consisted of applying povidone iodine at the initial phase of the treatment as inpatient followed by aqueous eosine solution application as outpatient, which was continued up to complete epidermization. The clinical aspects, the complications and the mortality of omphalocele were discussed. Results: The study included about 13 patients; the mean age at presentation was 1.7 days (range: 3 h–8 days). The delivery was at home in 38.46% of the cases (five out of 13). The average birth weight was 2810 g. Associated congenital abnormalities were found in 46.15% of cases (six out of 13). The mean initial hospitalization duration was 8 days. The average length of complete epidermization duration was 9±2 weeks. The secondary surgical cure was realized in eight patients. The morbidity rate was 30.77% (four out of 13). The mortality rate was 23.07% (three out of 13). Conclusion: The conservative treatment of giant omphalocele through the application of povidone iodine and aqueous eosine is effective and cost-effective. This procedure should be privileged in our limited resources Health centers where pediatric intensive care unit are lacking. Keywords: conservative management, dressing, epidermization, omphalocele
Published: 2017

35. A Case Series of Intraluminal Migration Gossypiboma in Regional Hospital of Maradi

Author: Harissou Adamou, Lassey James Didier, Maman Bachir Abdoulaye, Ousseini Adakal, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Rouga Moumouni Mohamed, and R Sani
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal ultrasound, business.industry, General surgery, Gossypiboma, medicine.disease, Abdominal mass, Resection, Regional hospital, medicine, In patient, Foreign body, medicine.symptom, business, End to end anastomosis
Abstract: Introduction: Textiloma or Gossypiboma is used to describe a foreign body composed of a compress (s) or surgical field (s) forgotten at an operating site. Case report: Authors reported two cases of intestinal migrant textiloma in patients all previously operated on by cesarean section. The two patients consulted for a chronic painful abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasound showed a superficial anterior structure in favor of foreign body in the first patient. The second one concluded that there was a right ovarian cyst. The surgery discovered a greek mass in both cases. Resection of the intestinal mass was performed followed by end to end anastomosis. The enterostomy of hail mass revealed an abdominal compress in each case. Conclusion: Forgetting a compress or abdominal field during surgery is a tragedy for the surgeon not only because of its forensic aspect but also because of the suffering endured by the patient. Indeed, actions trying to prevent this type of error are implemented in most developed countries; it is time for each hospital to adopt preventive measures, even if just only the compresses counting during the procedure.
Published: 2019

36. Surgical management of pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome in a resource-limited setting: case of Zinder National Hospital, Niger

Author: Kabirou Ganiou, Amadou Soumana, Oumarou Habou, R Sani, Maazou Halidou, Hassane Moussa Diongolé, Mahamadou Doutchi, Harissou Adamou, and Ibrahim Amadou Magagi
Subjects: Pyelo-ureteral junction, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pyeloplasty, medicine.medical_treatment, Operative Time, lcsh:Surgery, 030232 urology & nephrology, Reference range, Open surgery, Kidney, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Lumbar, Postoperative Complications, medicine, Humans, Robotic surgery, Renal colic, Niger, Laparoscopy, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, lcsh:RD1-811, General Medicine, Syndrome, Middle Aged, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiological weapon, Urologic Surgical Procedures, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Research Article, Ureteral Obstruction
Abstract: Background Pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome (PUJS) is a frequent congenital malformation. We report the surgical management of PUJS by pyeloplasty according to Anderson-Hyne-Kuss’s procedure at the Zinder National Hospital.. Methods This was a retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2016 (4 years), including patients who have undergone surgery for PUJS. Results Twelve (12) cases of PUJS had a surgery among which 66.7% were men with an average age of 32.5 ± 7.6 years. The clinical symptomatology was lumbar pain or renal colic in 92.3% of cases. This pain had evolved for more than 2 years for 58.3% of the cases. Ultrasound coupled with intravenous urography or CT-scan was performed to confirm the diagnosis of PUJS in 58.3 and 41.7% of cases. The average serum creatinine level at admission was 181.25 ± 67.3 μmol/L [Lab reference range: 53–97 μmol/L]. The Anderson-Hynes non dismembered pyeloplasty is used for all the patients. The release of a crossing lower pole vessel was performed in 25%, pyelolithotomy in 16.7%. The average surgery time was 118.3 ± 20.7 min. The average hospital length of stay was 10.8 ± 3 days. Immediate postoperative complications were recorded in 33.3% (n = 4). Postoperative outcomes were considered good by disappearance of clinical, biological and radiological signs. Conclusion The Anderson-Hynes non dismembered pyeloplasty gives good results and provides a successful alternative in an environment where laparoscopy and robotic surgery are not developed.
Published: 2019

37. Oropharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma with cranial nerve paralysis in a limited resource setting: a case report and review of literature

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Assoumane, Ousseini Adakal, Ibrahim Baaré, Askia Alfazaz, and Ibrahim Amadou Magagi
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, recurrence, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, 030231 tropical medicine, Context (language use), Case Report, Lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rhabdomyosarcoma, medicine, Humans, oropharyngeal, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chemotherapy, child, Voice Disorders, business.industry, Soft tissue sarcoma, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Dysphagia, Cranial Nerve Diseases, Radiation therapy, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Deglutition Disorders, Limited resources, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumor of skeletal muscle origin, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma encountered in childhood and adolescence; it is primarily found in the head and neck region, it is relatively uncommon tumors of the oral cavity. Clinical signs depend on the exact location of the lesion in the oral cavity and its development. Authors reported the case of a 14-year-old patient who presented an oropharyngeal mass causing voice dysfunction, after two surgical operation the patient experimented two 2 recurrences of the lesion. The histopathological examination objectifies an oropharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Immediate postoperative outcome was uneventful with improvement in the voice dysfunction and dysphagia one month after surgery. Complementary treatment (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) was not available and accessible to the patient. Twenty months (20) after surgery, the examination found a recurrence of the tumor with pulmonary metastases and neurological complications. Oropharyngeal rhabdomyosarcomas are rare. Their interest lies in the fact that they often affect children and adolescents. The prognosis remains unfavorable in our context, even for cases accessible to surgery since complementary treatment with chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy does not exist. The prognosis depends on tumor size, location, staging, age of patients and especially the quality of the management.
Published: 2019

38. Acute Abdomen Revealing an Unusual Case of Intra-Abdominal Testicular Torsion

Author: Soumana Amadou, Mohamed Rouga, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Ousseini Adakal, Amadou Roua, Harissou Adamou, Maazou Halidou, and R Sani
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Physical examination, Case Report, Malignancy, lcsh:RC870-923, Spermatic cord, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Laparotomy, medicine, Testicular torsion, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acute abdomen, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Abdomen, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Introduction. Intra-abdominal testicular torsion is a rare event. We report hereby our experience of the management of a spermatic cord twist on intra-abdominal testis discovered during an acute surgical abdomen. Case Presentation. This was a 42-year-old patient admitted to the emergency department for abdominal pain that had been evolving for a week. The physical examination showed tenderness and guarding in the left iliac fossa with an empty ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Complementary examinations led to the discovery of an intra-abdominal left-lateral mass. The laparotomy found a whitish mass with areas of infarction, which was resected. Anatomopathological examination of the operative specimen identified it as a testis with atrophy of germ cells and necrotic areas without evidence of malignancy. Conclusion. Intra-abdominal testicular torsion should be considered in case of patients with an acute surgical abdomen with vacuity of one of the bursae.
Published: 2019

39. Acute intestinal obstruction due to extrinsic compression by previa myoma and ectopic pregnancy: a case report

Author: Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Oumarou Habou, and Ibrahim Amadou Magagi
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ectopic pregnancy, medicine.medical_treatment, Acute bowel obstruction, lcsh:Medicine, Case Report, Physical examination, Hysterectomy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Laparotomy, medicine, Humans, Surgical emergency, Fallopian Tubes, Rupture, Compressive myoma, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Leiomyoma, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, lcsh:R, Myoma, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pregnancy, Ectopic, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Uterine Neoplasms, Female, business, Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic, Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract: Background Acute intestinal obstruction during pregnancy is a rare digestive surgical emergency with significant maternal and fetal mortality. Diagnosis is difficult, often delaying the management. Here, we report an exceptional association of mechanical acute intestinal obstruction due to compression by previa uterine leiomyoma, and a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Case presentation This is the case report of a 43-year-old primiparous black woman from a rural area, who was admitted to the surgical emergency department for acute intestinal obstruction. At examination on admittance, our patient had a bad general condition with clinical anemia. She had an occlusive syndrome that had been evolving for 3 days. A physical examination of her abdomen showed a widespread distension with an irregular and polylobed solid mass occupying the whole of the lower-umbilical and hypogastric area. A rectal examination found an empty rectum, and the mass was perceptible in Douglas’s pouch. At the vaginal examination, we found the same mass and a finger holster was clean. The diagnosis of intestinal occlusion by a tumor was retained. The laparotomy revealed a distended intestine, a ruptured right tubal ectopic pregnancy and a polymyomatous uterus. The most massive previa leiomyoma was adhering and compressing the rectal and sigmoidal hinge. A total hysterectomy was performed and histopathological examination of specimens confirmed myoma and ectopic pregnancy. The surgical follow-up was uneventful, and our patient was discharged on postoperative day 12. Conclusions The etiological diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction during pregnancy is not easy, especially in the context of a low-income country where the means of biological and radiological diagnosis are lacking. A laparotomy is required before diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen and its management will depend on the intraoperative findings and the condition of the patient.
Published: 2018

40. Isolated Right-Sided Posttraumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia

Author: Harissou Adamou, Habibou Abarchi, Ousseini Adakal, Helle Moustapha, Oumarou Habou, Mahamoud Omid Ali Ada, and Ibrahim Amadou Magagi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Diaphragmatic rupture, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Surgery, Case Report, Emergency department, lcsh:RD1-811, medicine.disease, Surgery, Diaphragm (structural system), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Suture (anatomy), Blunt trauma, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Pharmacology (medical), Diaphragmatic hernia, Hernia, business, Reduction (orthopedic surgery)
Abstract: Diaphragm is a compliant musculoaponeurotic barrier located between thoracic and abdominal cavities. Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is a rare clinicopathological entity. We report a case of right-sided posttraumatic hernia in a child following blunt trauma to highlight diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic specific aspects. A 10-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency surgical department with thoracic trauma following pedestrian accident. At admission a haemothorax was suspected and treated by pleural drainage. The diagnosis of a right-sided diaphragmatic rupture was made after computed tomographic scan forty-eight hours later. At surgery, a reduction of herniated abdominal content and a suture of diaphragmatic defect were performed. The postoperative recoveries were uneventful and the patient was followed up for 12 months without symptoms. The possibility of a diaphragmatic rupture should be kept in mind and sought after any trauma of the thoracoabdominal junction as the diagnosis can be challenging in emergency department.
Published: 2018

41. Pattern of Lower Intestinal Ostomies in a Low-Income Country: Case of Southeast of Niger Republic

Author: Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, R Sani, Ousseini Adakal, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Maazou Halidou, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Colon, medicine.medical_treatment, Peritonitis, 030230 surgery, Stoma, 03 medical and health sciences, Ileostomy, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Colon surgery, Ileum, medicine, Humans, Niger, Child, Poverty, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Enterostomy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Surgical Stomas, Retrospective cohort study, Vascular surgery, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Surgery, Cardiothoracic surgery, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Female, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Intestinal ostomies are common surgical procedures performed in visceral surgery as part of management for several gastrointestinal diseases. This study aims to report the socio-demographic characteristics, indications and prognosis of intestinal ostomies in low-income country. This was a 4-year retrospective study (January 2013 to December 2016) at Zinder National Hospital (Niger). All patients with a digestive ostomy on an ileum or colic segment were included in the study. During the study period, 2437 patients underwent digestive surgery, including 328 gastrointestinal stomas (13.5%). Patients classified ASA3 were 60.7% (n = 199). The median age was 12 years (IQ: 7–25). Children represent 64% (n = 210) of patients with ostomy. The sex ratio was 2.60. The stoma was performed in emergency in 96.3% (n = 316) of cases. Acute peritonitis was the main indication of the stoma in 70.73% (n = 232). The ileostomies accounted for 75.61% (n = 248). Ostomy was intended as temporary in 97.3% of cases (n = 319). Complications were observed in 188 patients (57.3%). Mortality was 14.02% (n = 46). The indigent status (OR: 4.15 [2.20–7.83], P = 000), ASA score 4 (OR: 2.53 [1.54–4.15], P = 0.0003), Altemeier class IV (OR: 4.03 [2.10–7.73], P = 0.0000) and ileostomy (OR: 2.7853 [1.47–5.29], P = 0.0018) were statistically associated with the occurrence of major complications. The mean time for stoma closure was 59.3 ± 14.5 days. Acute peritonitis was the main indication of digestive ostomy. The occurrence of major complications was associated with bad socioeconomic status, ASA4 score, Altemeier class IV and ileostomy.
Published: 2017

42. Gollop-Wolfgang Complex

Author: Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, and Oumarou Habou
Subjects: Gollop Wolfgang complex, business.industry, Clinical Image, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Surgery, Medicine, Art history, Surgery, lcsh:Pediatrics, lcsh:RD1-811, business
Abstract: Please see fulltext
Published: 2017

43. [Peculiarities of anesthesia for the surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma: about a case]

Author: Amadou, Magagi, Harissou, Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou, Magagi, Maazou, Halidou, Oumarou, Habou, Hassane Moussa, Diongolé, Maman Sani, Rabiou, and Mahaman Boukari, Baoua
Subjects: Adult, Laparotomy, phéochromocytome, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adrenalectomy, Case Report, Pheochromocytoma, laparotomie, chirurgie, anesthésie, surgery, Hypertension, Humans, Anesthesia, Female, Niger, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Nous rapportons la prise en charge d'une patiente de 37 ans, aux antécédents d'hypertension artérielle (HTA) mal suivie, adressée en consultation chirurgicale avec une symptomatologie faite de lombalgies droites, de vertiges, de céphalées, de sueurs et de palpitations. Durant l'hospitalisation, la tension artérielle (TA) oscillait entre 130/80 mm d'Hg et 190/120 mm d'Hg. Le reste de l'examen clinique ne retrouvait aucune autre anomalie. Le scanner thoraco-abdominal avait montré une masse surrénalienne de 55x45x65 mm comprimant la veine cave inférieure et la veine rénale droite. Le dosage de l'acide vanyl-mandélique urinaire (VMA) donnait un résultat de 11,8mg/24heures. Le dosage des catécholamines sanguin n'a pas été réalisé. Le diagnostic d'un phéochromocytome était retenu et l'indication opératoire était posée. En consultation d'anesthésie l'examen clinique retrouvait un bon état général, une tension artérielle (TA) à 190/120 mmHg, une auscultation cardiopulmonaire sans particularité et un critère prédictif d'intubation non difficile (Mallampati II). La patiente a bénéficiée d'une préparation préopératoire à base d'alpha-bloquants et bêta-bloquants, et d'un inhibiteur calcique. La surrénalectomie a été réalisée par laparotomie médiane. Il n'y avait pas eu d'instabilité hémodynamique lors de la mobilisation et de la résection de la tumeur. Les suites opératoires immédiates ont été simples. Elle a regagné son domicile à J7 postopératoire. Avec un recul de 3 mois, la patiente ne présentait plus de signes cliniques et ses chiffres tensionnels étaient normaux. L'anesthésie pour la chirurgie du phéochromocytome est faisable même en situation de ressources limitées. Une bonne préparation du patient permet d'éviter les complications périopératoires.
Published: 2016

44. Hernie ' guidon ': un type rare de hernie pariétale traumatique

Author: Moussa Koini, Ousseini Adakal, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Harissou Adamou, and Maazou Halidou
Subjects: Gynecology, abdominal traumatic wall hernia, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:R5-920, omental incarceration, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, Handlebar hernia, medicine, handlebar hernia, business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract: Un patient de 20 ans avec une notion de chute sur le guidon d’une moto remontant a 28 jours, etait admis pour douleurs abdominales aux urgences chirurgicales. L’examen clinique retrouvait un point d’impact circulaire au niveau de l’hypochondre gauche avec en regard une tumefaction douloureuse, irreductible et non impulsive aux efforts de toux. Le diagnostic d’une hernie parietale traumatique etranglee etait pose. L’abord chirurgical par laparotomie mediane mettait en evidence une breche parietale avec incarceration d’une partie de l’epiploon qui etait necrosee. L’epiploon necrose etait reseque et une raphie de la breche etait realisee. Les suites post-operatoires etaient simples et le patient sortait a j5.
Published: 2016

45. ['Handlebar' hernia: a rare type of traumatic parietal hernia]

Author: Ousseini, Adakal, Harissou, Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou, Magagi, Moussa, Koini, Maazou, Halidou, and Oumarou, Habou
Subjects: Male, Laparotomy, omental incarceration, Case Report, Abdominal traumatic wall hernia, Abdominal Injuries, Abdominal Pain, Hernia, Abdominal, Necrosis, Young Adult, Motorcycles, handlebar hernia, Humans, Accidental Falls, Omentum, Traumatic parietal hernia
Abstract: We report the case of a 20-year old patient with a personal history of fall over his motorcycle handlebar occurring 28 days earlier. He was admitted in emergency surgery with abdominal pain. Clinical examination showed a circular impact area at the level of the left hypochondrium associated with painful swelling, irreducible and with no impulse on coughing The diagnosis of traumatic parietal strangulated hernia was established. The patient underwent surgical treatment using midline laparotomy revealing parietal breach associated with incarceration of a portion of the omentum which was necrotic. The necrotic omentum was resected and the breach was sutured. The postoperative course was simple and the patient was discharged on d5.
Published: 2016

46. Occlusion intestinale aigue révélant un lymphome T digestif associé à la maladie coeliaque, à propos d’un cas

Author: Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Harissou Adamou, Souleymane Brah, Oumarou Habou, and Abdoul Aziz Garba
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Abdominal pain, Case Report, Gastroenterology, surgery, Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma, 0302 clinical medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, T-cell lymphoma, Enteropathy, bowel obstruction, occlusion intestinale, Etoposide, lcsh:R5-920, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, General Medicine, Bowel obstruction, Vincristine, Acute Disease, Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Medicine (General), medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Cyclophosphamide, Prednisolone, 030106 microbiology, chirurgie, Diet, Gluten-Free, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, eatl, lymphome t, Maladie cœliaque, business.industry, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Abdominal Pain, Lymphoma, maladie céliaque, Celiac Disease, Doxorubicin, business, Complication, Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract: Le lymphome T intestinal associé à une entéropathie ou Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), est une complication rare de la maladie céliaque (MC). Nous rapportons l'observation d'un lymphome T associée à une MC révélé par une occlusion intestinale aigue. Une patiente maghrébine de 38 ans, aux antécédents de stérilité et de douleurs abdominales chroniques, était admise en urgence pour occlusion intestinale aigue. L'intervention chirurgicale retrouvait une tumeur au dépend du grêle avec des adénopathies mésentériques. L'histologie et l'immunohistochimie de la pièce opératoire objectivait un lymphome T digestif CD3+ et le bilan immunologique de la maladie cAcute intestinal obstruction revealing enteropathy associated t-cell lymphoma, about a caseliaque était positif. Le diagnostic d'EATL était ainsi retenu. La patiente était mise sous chimiothérapie (CHOEP) et régime sans gluten avec une réponse complète au traitement. L'EATL est une complication rare de la MC qui peut être révélée par une occlusion intestinale. Son pronostic peut être amélioré par une prise en charge précoce associant chirurgie et chimiothérapie. Sa prévention passe par un diagnostic précoce de la MC et un régime sans gluten.
Published: 2016

47. Rupture Spontanee Du Tendon D’achille Sur Terrain Diabetique : A Propos Du Cas

Author: Harissou Adamou, Sanoussi Akambi Kassoumou, Moussa Koini, Ousseini Adakal, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Badjio Souna, and Abdoulwahab Mohamed
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Heel, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical examination, Traumatology, 030229 sport sciences, Tendon, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lameness, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Achilles tendon rupture, medicine.symptom, Ankle, business, Splint (medicine)
Abstract: Achilles Tendon Rupture (ATR) is a frequently described lesion in sports traumatology. It can occur following certain chronic or systemic diseases. We reported a case of a 48-year-old woman, a teacher by profession, who was consulting for lameness. Anamnesis found during a walk, a brutal sensation of blow on the heel with cowardice and sharp pain at the elective point imposing upon the resting of the patient. Clinical examination noted an increased spontaneous dorsiflexion of the affected ankle, depression corresponding to the tendon continuity solution, and a positive Thompson test. The diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Rupture was made. The patient was operated 2 weeks later by open surgery. A simple suture kept by a plaster splint was performed (the ankle in equinus). Functional rehabilitation was done for 6 weeks, and walking was allowed at the 6th week. In the absence of minimally invasive surgery, conventional surgery can provide good results in case of spontaneous Achilles Tendon Rupture at the cost of rigorous monitoring of the patient.
Published: 2018

48. Outcomes of Management of Anal and Perianal Suppuration at Niamey National Hospital, Niger

Author: Hadjara Dady, R Sani, Harissou Adamou, Maman Sani Chaibou, Lassey Didier James, Y Hama, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Illa Hamidine, A Saidou, and K Ide
Subjects: Anal fistula, Gangrene, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Fistula, Fistulectomy, Retrospective cohort study, Context (language use), Fistulotomy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Epidemiology, medicine, business
Abstract: Bakground: Anal and perianal sepsis is common anorectal disorders found in surgical practice. This study aims to report epidemiological aspects and outcomes of management of anal and perianal suppuration. Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2011 to June 2016 at Niamey National Hospital. Patients operated on for anal and perianal suppuration of non-specific anorectal origin were included. Results: During the study period, we collected 141 cases of anal and perianal suppurations. The average age of our patients was 42±8.8 years. The sex ratio was 3.27 in favor of men. The origin of the patients was urban in 73.8% of the cases. The history of diabetes mellitus was found in 14.2% (n=20). Anal fistulas and anal abscesses (n=115) were simple in 46% (n=53) and complex in 54% (n=62). A fistulectomy with the placement of an elastic seton was performed for 41.13% of cases (n=58) and fistulotomy in 29.78%. The evolution of 6 months was marked by a recurrence in 10.63% (n = 15), the anal incontinence of gas at 9.21% (n=13). Deaths (n=4) were recorded in patients with Fournier’s gangrene. Uncomplicated therapeutic success was 80.13% (n=113). Conclusion: The surgical treatment of anal fistula (the main cause of anal and perianal suppuration) aims to eradicate the suppuration and to preserve the anal continence. The fistulotomy done in the context of the management of a simple fistula gives a better outcome. Incontinence-related complications and relapses must impose thoroughness and patience in the surgical treatment of complex fistulas.
Published: 2018

49. [Etiology and prognosis of acute mechanical intestinal obstructions at the National Hospital of Zinder: Cross-sectional study of 171 patients]

Author: Harissou, Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou, Magagi, Oumarou, Habou, Amadou, Magagi, Halidou, Maazou, Mansour, Adamou, and Yacouba, Harouna
Subjects: Adult, Male, urgences, Adolescent, Colon, pronostic, etiology, Occlusions intestinales, strangulated hernias, chirurgie, surgery, Necrosis, Young Adult, Sepsis, Intestine, Small, hernies étranglées, Humans, Case Series, Niger, Child, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, emergency, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Hernia, Abdominal, Hospitalization, étiologies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Intestinal obstruction, Child, Preschool, Acute Disease, Female
Abstract: L’occlusion intestinale aigue (OIA) mécanique, représente l’une des pathologies les plus fréquentes en chirurgie digestive d’urgence. L’objectif de cette étude était de décrire les aspects étiologiques et pronostiques des occlusions intestinales aigues mécaniques à l’Hôpital National de Zinder (HNZ), Niger. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale sur 24 mois (Janvier 2013 à Décembre 2014) ayant inclus tous les patients opérés pour OIA. Les occlusions intestinales mécaniques représentaient 24,50% (n=171) des urgences chirurgicales digestives (n=622). L’âge médian était à 25 ans (extrêmes: 1 jour et 95 ans). Le sexe ratio était à 3,5 en faveur des hommes. Les enfants représentaient 38,60% (n=66). Le siège de l’obstacle était sur le grêle dans 60,82% (n=104), colique dans 21,63%(n=37) et mixte dans 17,54% (n=30). Le mécanisme par strangulation constituait 88,89% (n=152) dont les hernies étranglées avec 49,70% (n=85) et les invaginations intestinales aigues avec 19,88% (n=34) des patients. Les malformations ano-rectales et les tumeurs constituaient les principales étiologies par obstruction avec respectivement 7,02% (n=12) et 3,51% (n=6). Une résection intestinale était faite dans 52 cas (30,41%). Les complications septiques prédominaient (n=39/53), dont la suppuration pariétale (n=23). Le séjour moyen était de 7,82 jours. La mortalité globale était 11,70% (n=20). Celle-ci était corrélée statistiquement à la nécrose intestinale (p=0,01) et au retard d’admission (p=0,04). Les étiologies des OIA sont multiples et dominées par les hernies étranglées. La morbi-mortalité élevée qu’elles entrainent pourrait être évitée par la prise en charge précoce avant l’installation d’une nécrose intestinale.
Published: 2015

50. Hernie interne supravésicale, cause rare d’occlusion intestinale aiguë

Author: Ousseini Adakal, Oumarou Habou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, and Harissou Adamou
Subjects: Male, Gynecology, lcsh:R5-920, Laparotomy, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Supra vesical hernia, lcsh:RA1-1270, Case Report, Hernie supravésicale, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hernia, Abdominal, Acute Disease, medicine, Humans, Niger, bowel obstruction, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, occlusion intestinale, Hernie supravésicale, occlusion intestinale, Niger, Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract: La hernie interne supravésicale est rare et se développe au niveau de la fossette supravésicale. Son diagnostic est très souvent fait à l'occasion d'une laparotomie pour occlusion intestinale. Dans ce travail, nous rapportons le cas d'un patient âgé de 49 ans admis aux urgences chirurgicales de l'HNZ pour syndrome occlusif. La laparotomie réalisée a permis de découvrir une anse grêle incarcérée dans une hernie interne supravésicale. Le geste chirurgical a consisté en une résection du sac associée à une fermeture en points séparés et les suites opératoires ont été simples. Devant toute occlusion intestinale aiguë, il faut avoir à l'esprit que la hernie interne supravésicale peut en être une cause inhabituelle.Key words: Hernie supravésicale, occlusion intestinale, Niger
Published: 2015

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